CN103181750B - The method of Wearable tonometer and mensuration intraocular pressure thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a wearable tonometer, which belongs to the field of electronic medical instruments, and includes a base that can be placed above the bridge of the human nose to stabilize the forehead or eye sockets. The two wings are connected by connecting parts at the rear of the base; at the corresponding place between the two wings and the eyes of the human body, there is an intraocular pressure probe that can adjust the vertical and horizontal two-way distance; the eye A pressure sensor is arranged in the pressure probe, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the microprocessor in the base; the output end of the microprocessor is electrically connected to the display part and the data output interface on the base. The tonometer has low cost, is easy to carry, is convenient and safe to use, and is convenient for patients to self-operate and detect.

Description

Wearable tonometer and method for measuring intraocular pressure

technical field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a tonometer with an electronic sensing device and a method for measuring intraocular pressure using the tonometer.

Background technique

Visual impairment, tumors, and cardiovascular diseases are three types of diseases that affect people's quality of life proposed by the World Health Organization. Daily blood pressure monitoring is very important for hypertensive patients. Similarly, daily intraocular pressure monitoring is very important for the prevention and treatment of blinding eye diseases, especially for glaucoma patients. Early control and intervention of intraocular pressure can effectively avoid delaying the timing of treatment and avoiding irreversible blinding visual function damage, which cannot be separated from the monitoring of intraocular pressure. The importance of intraocular pressure measurement for the prevention and treatment of blinding eye diseases is the consensus of ophthalmology circles. With the emergence of non-contact tonometer, the process of intraocular pressure measurement is no longer complicated and troublesome, and it has become the pre-diagnosis method of ophthalmology in most hospitals. The necessary procedure is like the blood pressure measurement in the pre-diagnosis of cardiovascular medicine. Glaucoma is a highly blinding eye disease. Its main symptom is the irreversible damage to visual function caused by high intraocular pressure. Except for early detection and early treatment, there is no effective treatment for blindness. The incidence rate of glaucoma in the population is 1-2%, and there are more than ten million patients in my country. By the time people realize they are at risk of blindness, it is often too late. Intraocular pressure monitoring is a necessary means for early detection and early treatment of glaucoma and other ocular hypertension eye diseases. However, it is the current reality that you must go to the hospital to measure intraocular pressure. The high price and professional operation requirements of existing tonometers make tonometers not yet available in ordinary families like blood pressure monitors and blood glucose meters. Not as convenient as measuring blood pressure.

The high price of the existing tonometer is because its customers are medical institutions or research institutions, and the pursuit of measurement accuracy is difficult to simplify its technical solution; the professional operation requirement is due to the necessary test steps determined by its working principle.

Whether the existing tonometers are corneal contact or non-corneal contact, and eyelid contact, their working principles can be classified into two categories: one is to convert the tonometer through the reaction of fixed gravity on the eyeball. The intraocular pressure value is obtained, such as indentation and eyelid tonometer; the other is to convert the force or weight used to flatten a fixed area on the cornea to obtain the intraocular pressure value, such as applanation and non-invasive tonometer. Contact tonometer. They are also divided into two categories in terms of form: handheld and desktop, which provide a stable test platform in the way that the operator holds it or fixes it on the table. Both of these methods require professional medical personnel to operate and use, and ordinary patients cannot operate by themselves.

Household tonometers are currently a blank in the market, so if there is a cheap and easy-to-use fool-style tonometer that can enter the homes of ordinary people, it can effectively change the situation that you have to go to the hospital to measure intraocular pressure, and 24-hour intraocular pressure monitoring can also be used. If it is easily realized, it will definitely make positive contributions to the prevention and treatment of people's blinding eye diseases, and its economic and social effects will be obvious.

Contents of the invention

For above-mentioned background situation, the present invention has carried out the innovation of intraocular pressure measurement technology, and it comprises three contents:

Different from the handheld and desktop shapes, the significance of the original wearable shape is that a stable measurement platform can be obtained without the help of others and other objects, which is the technical premise for users to self-measure intraocular pressure.

Different from the measurement working principle of "fixed gravity" and "fixed corneal applanation area", the original measurement working principle of "fixed eyeball pressing depth" has the significance of: firstly, the technical solution is simple, which is a low-cost implementation Necessary conditions; followed by no anesthesia, no disinfection, no infection, and only one pressing action, which is a fool-like operation, simple and safe to use, which is a necessary condition for realizing self-measurement by ordinary patients.

Introduce intelligent technology, rely on the microprocessor to implement software processing after data collection, pursue to remove the rough and select the essence through software processing, and obtain more accurate measurement results. Its significance lies in: lowering the requirement on the accuracy of data collection, the intraocular pressure data can be extracted by pressing the eyeball on the eyelid, instead of extracting the intraocular pressure data by touching the cornea. This is the guarantee condition for realizing the above-mentioned 2 working principles.

The main purpose of the tonometer entering the family is the daily intraocular pressure monitoring of eye disease patients and eye disease monitoring of the general population, providing treatment and health care reference for patients whether they need to take medicine or seek medical treatment in time, and whether the general population needs to see a doctor. Therefore, the most important application of the present invention is not accurate measurement of intraocular pressure and diagnosis of eye diseases.

Comparing the difference between the working principle of the present invention and other tonometers, the disadvantage is that the error will be slightly larger, the advantage is that it is easy to implement technically, and the cost is low; the operation is simple and convenient for patients to self-test, which has found a way for the tonometer to enter the family. A realistic and feasible technical approach.

The present invention indirectly tests the intraocular pressure by testing the rebound pressure of the eyeball, but its intelligent characteristics ensure that it has the ability to improve the accuracy of intraocular pressure measurement endlessly by continuously improving the data processing method.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the shape of the wearable tonometer is similar to goggles, and the tonometer can be fixed in front of the patient's eyes just like wearing glasses. The movement of the subject's body and head will not affect the test results, so there is no requirement for the subject's posture and position.

The wearable tonometer includes a base that can be placed above the bridge of the nose of the human body to stabilize the forehead or eye sockets. The rear of the base is connected by connecting parts;

At the place where the two wings correspond to the eyes of the human body, there is an intraocular pressure probe that can adjust the distance vertically and horizontally;

A pressure sensor is arranged in the intraocular pressure probe, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the microprocessor in the base; the output end of the microprocessor is electrically connected to the display unit and the data output on the base. interface;

The contact portion between the intraocular pressure probes (4a, 4b) and the eyelids is composed of two cylinders, one of which has concentric threads and can be rotated concentrically to adjust the longitudinal distance; the other cylinder can be rotated eccentrically to adjust the horizontal distance. Distance: by rotating the cylinders on the two intraocular pressure probes respectively, the longitudinal and lateral distances between the probes and the eyeball can be adjusted, so as to adapt to users with different face shapes and different interpupillary distances.

When the wearable tonometer is in use, the user can adjust the intraocular pressure probe vertically and horizontally to make it touch the eyelid. After contact, push the probe at a fixed depth of 3mm to press the eyeball for 1-2 seconds, and the eyeball The rebound pressure of the intraocular pressure probe is transmitted to the pressure sensor in the probe, and then the microprocessor is responsible for data collection and processing.

Preferably, the connecting part connecting the wings behind the base is an elastic band or a Velcro, so as to be easy to wear.

Preferably, the display component is a liquid crystal display or an LED display.

The microprocessor of the wearable tonometer filters out abnormal data from the collected eyeball pressure data, compares it with the standard pressure data table (built-in data processing program) look-up table, corrects the value (eyelid thickness, corneal thickness, eyeball thickness, etc.) Intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure pulsation data are obtained through the data processing process of correction, maximum value and minimum value, and average value, etc.

Preferably, the obtained intraocular pressure data is not only output to the display unit to display the current intraocular pressure value, but also retained in the memory as historical data. The memory can retain no less than 1000 sets of data.

Human intraocular pressure fluctuates, and its fluctuation cycle is consistent with the heart rate. Conventional intraocular pressure refers to the average intraocular pressure.

Preferably, the base is provided with keys for controlling the display of related data. Preferably, the displayed intraocular pressure value may be an average intraocular pressure value or a pulsating intraocular pressure value, which is determined by the selection button.

Preferably, a guide sleeve is further provided on the side of the intraocular pressure probe, and the intraocular pressure probe can move longitudinally in the guide sleeve by pressing. The intraocular pressure probe has a limit pressing depth in the guide sleeve, and the intraocular pressure probe is provided with a limit structure (1-5mm can be set) to prevent the intraocular pressure probe from being pressed too deeply and crushing the eyes. An elastic member is provided between the intraocular pressure probe and the guide sleeve, so that the intraocular pressure probe can spring back to its original position after the pressing finger is released.

Preferably, the pressure sensor has an analog electrical output terminal, and is connected to the A/D converter of the microprocessor through the analog electrical output terminal, and the working frequency of the A/D converter is about 128Hz.

Preferably, the base is also provided with an interface for connecting peripherals.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring intraocular pressure with a wearable tonometer, which mainly includes the following steps:

Step 1, the user wears the wearable tonometer;

Step 2, the user closes the eyesight, adjusts the vertical and horizontal distance between the intraocular pressure probe and the eyeball, and makes the intraocular pressure probe contact the user's eyelid. This state can be set as the initial state when the intraocular pressure probe starts to press state;

Step 3, the intraocular pressure probe pushes and presses the eyeball at a fixed depth of 3 mm for 1-2 seconds, and the pressure sensor senses the rebound pressure of the eyeball;

Step 4, the display unit displays the intraocular pressure data.

Preferably, the fourth step is for the microprocessor to process the rebound pressure data, and the processing method includes: abnormal data filtering, comparison with standard pressure data table lookup, correction value correction, maximum value, and minimum value , calculating the average value; the processing results will be used as intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure pulsation data for display and storage; the microprocessor will store no less than 1000 sets of data; the display unit will display the processing results.

Preferably, the base of the wearable tonometer is provided with a button for controlling data display, and the fourth step is to touch the button, and the display part can display the current eyes of the left and right eyes separately or simultaneously. Intraocular pressure data, IOP data recorded in the past, the IOP data include the current average intraocular pressure; the highest and lowest intraocular pressure of the current pulsation; the intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure fluctuation range of a certain historical period; the highest intraocular pressure in history. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that it can provide the market with the first cheap, easy-to-use and safe household electronic tonometer, which meets the needs of glaucoma patients, ocular hypertension patients and ordinary people for daily intraocular pressure monitoring, and can provide The whole society has done a very useful work on the early prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of blinding eye diseases,

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a front perspective view of one embodiment of the present wearable tonometer.

FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the position of the intraocular pressure probe and the adjustment sleeve when the intraocular pressure probe is not moved toward the eyelid in the embodiment of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of the intraocular pressure probe and the adjustment sleeve after the intraocular pressure probe is pressed and moved toward the eyelid in the embodiment of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the position between the contact cylinder at the front end of the intraocular pressure probe and the intraocular pressure probe in the embodiment of Fig. 1 .

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described:

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the wearable tonometer includes a base 1 resting on the bridge of the nose of the human body through the notch 13 of the bridge of the nose. The rear curved left and right flaps 2a, 2b, the two flaps 2a, 2b are connected by an elastic band 3 behind the base 1;

At the places where the left and right wings 2a, 2b correspond to the eyes of the human body, there are respectively left and right guide sleeves 24a, 24b. Inside the left and right guide sleeves 24a, 24b, there are left and right intraocular pressure probes 4a, 4b. The guide sleeve moves longitudinally inside, and has a fixed moving depth, that is, when the tonometer probe is pressed from the outside of the tonometer to the eye, there is a limit pressing depth, which can be realized by a limiting device. Generally, The default limit compression depth can be 3mm, and the limit device can be made into an adjustable device to realize the adjustment of the limit compression depth. In this form, it is advisable to make the limit compression depth adjustable within the range of 1mm-5mm .

Take the matching relationship between the left guide sleeve 24a and the left eye pressure probe 4a as an example, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, in Figure 3, the left eye pressure probe 4a is not pressed toward the eyelid, and the left eye pressure probe 4a is only pushed toward the eyelid. A short section is exposed in the direction, and when the left intraocular pressure probe 4a is pressed toward the eyelid, as shown in Figure 4, the left intraocular pressure probe 4a is exposed for a longer section in the direction of the eyelid; in Figure 1, the front view of the tonometer is shown , wherein the left intraocular pressure probe 4a is in an unpressed state, and the right intraocular pressure probe 4b is in a pressed state.

An elastic member structure is provided between the left and right intraocular pressure probes 4a, 4b and the guide sleeves 24a, 24b, so that after the pressing finger is released, the intraocular pressure probes can bounce back to reset the elastic member. The structure of the elastic member may be composed of a pressure spring, and the structure itself is a conventional structure, which will not be repeated here.

The left and right intraocular pressure probes 4a, 4b are provided with pressure sensors, and the pressure sensors are electrically connected to the microprocessor in the base 1; the output terminals of the microprocessor are electrically connected to the base 1 The display part 12 on the top, the display part can be a liquid crystal display or an LED display; the pressure sensor has an analog electrical output, and is connected to the A/D converter of the microprocessor through the analog electrical output, so The working frequency of the above-mentioned A/D converter is about 128Hz. If you press it for 1 second, you can collect about 128 data. Since the intraocular pressure pulsation is consistent with the heart rate, in most cases, you can collect a complete cycle of eye pressure in 1 second. Pressure pulsation data. The microprocessor can obtain the highest intraocular pressure, the lowest intraocular pressure and the average intraocular pressure of a pulsation cycle after processing according to these data; data processing will consider several correction factors: the initial value of the intraocular pressure probe just touching the eyelid, the patient's individual eyeball The difference between rebound pressure and intraocular pressure, etc., and the correction factors can be programmed and set by the microprocessor. For convenience, the microprocessor can be connected to the outside world through the RS232 serial port, so as to increase and modify the correction value. After a measurement, the LCD will display the average intraocular pressure, and you can also choose to display the highest and lowest intraocular pressure in the pulsation cycle by selecting the button.

In this embodiment, a contact cylinder is provided at the contact portion between the left and right intraocular pressure probes and eyelids. Taking the left intraocular pressure probe 4a as an example, as shown in FIGS. The main body of the pressure probe 4a is pivotally connected by an eccentric shaft, and the lateral distance between the contact points of the tonometer can be adjusted by rotating the left contact cylinder 41a and the right contact cylinder (not shown), so as to adapt to the use of different interpupillary distances As shown in Figure 5, it is a schematic diagram of the position between the left contact cylinder 41a and the left intraocular pressure probe 4a after rotation.

When the wearable tonometer is in use, the user can adjust the left and right intraocular pressure probes 4a, 4b to make them touch the eyelids. After contact, push the probes at a certain depth and press the eyeball for 1-2 seconds to push the eyeball The rebound pressure is transmitted to the pressure sensor in the probe through the intraocular pressure probes 4a, 4b, and then the microprocessor analyzes the collected eyeball pressure data to obtain intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure pulsation data, and output them to the display Part 12. The shape of the wearable tonometer is similar to goggles, and it can be fixed in front of the patient's eyes like wearing glasses, without the need for other operators to hold the tonometer, so that the patient can complete the test by himself; In order to maintain a relatively fixed initial position between the tonometer probe and the subject's eyes, the movement of the subject's body and head will not affect the test results, so there is no requirement for the subject's posture; and the intraocular pressure The meter only comes into contact with the patient's eyelids, making it easy and safe to use.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (10)

1. A wearable tonometer, characterized in that: it includes a base (1) that can be placed on the bridge of the human body above the bridge of the nose to stabilize the forehead or eye sockets, and the left and right sides of the base (1) are respectively connected by the eye sockets of the human body to the ears. rear arc-shaped wings (2a, 2b), two pieces of said wings (2a, 2b) are connected by connecting parts behind said base (1); At the places where the two wings (2a, 2b) correspond to the eyes of the human body, intraocular pressure probes (4a, 4b) that can adjust the distance vertically and horizontally are provided; A pressure sensor is arranged in the intraocular pressure probe, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected to the microprocessor in the base (1); the output end of the microprocessor is electrically connected to the base (1) The display part (12) and the data output interface on the top; The contact portion between the intraocular pressure probes (4a, 4b) and the eyelids is composed of two cylinders, one of which has concentric threads and can be rotated concentrically to adjust the longitudinal distance; the other cylinder can be rotated eccentrically to adjust the horizontal distance. distance. 2. The wearable tonometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the connecting parts connecting the wings (2a, 2b) behind the base (1) are elastic bands or Velcro. 3. The wearable tonometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the display component (12) is a liquid crystal display or an LED display. 4. The wearable tonometer according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the base (1) is also provided with a button (11) for controlling the display of relevant data. 5. The wearable tonometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: a guide sleeve (24a, 24b) is provided on the side of the intraocular pressure probe (4a, 4b), and the intraocular pressure probe (4a, 4b) 4b) can be moved longitudinally in said guide sleeve (24a, 24b) by pressing. 6. The wearable tonometer according to claim 5, characterized in that: the intraocular pressure probe (4a, 4b) has a limit compression depth in the guide sleeve (24a, 24b). 7. The wearable tonometer according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that an elastic member is provided between the intraocular pressure probe (4a, 4b) and the guide sleeve (24a, 24b). 8. A method of using the wearable tonometer according to claim 1, said method mainly comprising the following steps: Step 1, the user wears the wearable tonometer; Step 2, the user closes the eyesight, adjusts the vertical and horizontal two-way distance between the intraocular pressure probe (4a, 4b) and the eyeball, so that the intraocular pressure probe contacts the user's eyelid, and this state can be set as intraocular pressure The initial state of the probe starting to press; Step 3, the intraocular pressure probe (4a, 4b) pushes and presses the eyeball at a fixed depth of 3mm for 1-2 seconds, and the pressure sensor senses the rebound pressure of the eyeball; Step 4, the display unit (12) displays intraocular pressure data. 9. The method of using the wearable tonometer according to claim 8, the fourth step is for the microprocessor to process the rebound pressure data, the processing method includes: abnormal data filtering, and standard pressure data table Look-up table comparison, correction value correction, maximum value, minimum value, and average value; the processing results will be used for display and storage as intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure pulsation data; the microprocessor will store no less than 1000 sets of data; the display part displays the processing results. 10. The method of using the wearable tonometer according to claim 9, the base (1) of the wearable tonometer is provided with buttons (11) for controlling data display, and the fourth step is to pass Press the button (11), the display part (12) can display the current intraocular pressure data of the left and right eyes respectively or simultaneously display the intraocular pressure data of the past historical records, wherein the current left and right eye intraocular pressure data include The current average intraocular pressure, the highest intraocular pressure and the lowest intraocular pressure of the current pulsation; the intraocular pressure data of the past historical records include intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure fluctuation range in a certain historical period, and the highest intraocular pressure in history.