CN103181344B - Pearl culturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and discloses a pearl culturing method. The pearl culturing method comprises the following steps: disinfecting a dry pond by burnt lime and after carrying out solarization on the dry pond for 3 to 5 days, full filling fresh water into the dry pond; selecting pearl producing mussels with specification of 6 to 8 cm to carry out hanging culture; after mixing biogas slurry and fermented duck feces, carrying out fertilization, wherein the mass ratio of the biogas slurry to the fermented duck feces is 3:1 to 7:1, the use quantity of the biogas slurry applied to each 667 m<2> of water surface is 100 to 200 kg per day in March to December in each year and fertilization is stopped in January to February; and culturing the pearl producing mussels for two years. According to the invention, the mixture of the biogas slurry and the fermented duck feces is used as a fertilizer for culturing pearls; the biogas slurry has double effects of promoting growth of plankton and controlling diseases; both the biogas slurry and the fermented duck feces are subjected to anaerobic treatment and basically do not carry with pathogen; and meanwhile, effective utilization of the biogas slurry in the pearl culturing method also reduces the water environment problem caused by discharge, waste is made profitable, and the environment is protected.

Description

A kind of pearl cultivation method

technical field

The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a pearl cultivation method.

Background technique

my country is one of the earliest countries to collect and utilize pearls. Since the mid-1980s, my country's pearl production has leapt to the top of the world, with an annual output of freshwater pearls reaching more than 1,000 tons, becoming the country with the largest pearl output in the world. In the process of pearl cultivation, there are two key factors. One is the amount of plankton in the water. Pearls feed on plankton. The higher the degree of eutrophication in water quality, the more plankton, and the faster the growth of pearls. Farmers For this reason, chemical fertilizers or conventional organic fertilizers are often put into the water; the second is the disease rate of pearl mussels (pearl mussels), and pearls are susceptible to pathogenic bacteria in the breeding process and die.

In the above fertilization methods, adding chemical fertilizers will destroy the ecological environment of the water body, making the water quality of the pond water worse and unfavorable for pearl cultivation. Therefore, farmers usually have to replace the pond water every 10 days, and the discharged waste water will pollute other water sources. It also increases the economic burden for farmers to buy chemical fertilizers; while the conventional organic fertilizer farming technology is mainly to directly fertilize animal manure. The disadvantage of this farming technology is that animal manure will carry pathogenic bacteria, which will cause disease and even death of pearl oysters.

On the other hand, with the rapid development of biogas projects in my country, the residual liquid after biogas fermentation is becoming more and more abundant. If effective measures are not taken for recycling, it will bring environmental problems to water bodies.

Contents of the invention

The invention aims at the deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a pearl cultivation method that can accelerate the growth rate of the pearl-growing mussel and reduce the morbidity and mortality of the pearl-growing mussel.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved through the following technical solutions.

A method for cultivating pearls, comprising the steps of:

The first step is to select a pearl pond that is convenient for drainage and irrigation. 15 to 20 days before hanging and raising pearl mussels, remove the water, remove the surrounding aquatic plants and dry grass on the ridge, disinfect the dry pond with quicklime, and expose it to the sun for 3 to 5 days. , fill up with fresh water, the water depth is 1.5 to 2.5 meters, the fresh water quality is fresh and pollution-free, and the water quality meets the relevant national standards;

In the second step, select 6-8cm pearl mussels and hang them at a density of 800-1200 per 667m ² , with a depth of 20-60cm;

The third step is to mix biogas slurry with fermented duck manure and then fertilize. The mass ratio of biogas slurry to fermented duck manure is 3:1 to 7:1, and the amount of biogas slurry is: 3- In December, the amount of biogas slurry per 667m ² of water surface is 100-200kg/day, and fertilization is stopped from January to February. When fertilizing, the biogas slurry and fermented duck manure are slowly dissolved into the water along the water area;

The breeding period of the pearl mussel is 2 years.

The fermentation of the biogas slurry and duck manure in the biogas digester is an anaerobic process. Both the biogas slurry and the fermented duck manure are the products of anaerobic treatment, and basically do not carry pathogens.

Biogas fermentation is not only a process of producing biogas energy, but also a process of making fertilizer. Biogas slurry is used as an organic fertilizer. Biogas slurry contains organic acids, B vitamins, ammonium salts and antibiotics to prevent diseases and reduce the risk of pearl mussels. death rate. Biogas slurry is also rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, various amino acids, vitamins, and proteins. It is a high-quality organic fertilizer that is very beneficial to the growth of plankton in water bodies.

After the duck manure is fermented, it can kill the pathogenic microorganisms in the manure, and at the same time, it can improve the utilization rate of the nutrients in the manure. Usually let the duck manure accumulate and ferment naturally for 5-6 months; in addition, the duck manure can be treated with microbial fermentation, which can not only speed up the fermentation process, shorten the fermentation time, prevent waste and improve the nutritional value of the manure.

As preferably, the first step is disinfected with 0.5-1kg quicklime per 667m ² . If the amount of quicklime is too small, the disinfection is not complete, and the pearls are easily infected by pathogenic bacteria and die during the breeding process; when the pearl ponds are dry in winter, quicklime is sprinkled into the ponds to play a role in disinfection and sterilization. Reduce the occurrence of diseases when cultivating pearls; after the pond is dried, put water into the pond. At this time, the quicklime has already turned into mature lime, and it is greatly diluted by the water in the pond, and then put in the pearl-growing mussels. It constitutes a threat, and at the same time it can reduce the morbidity and mortality of pearl clams.

Preferably, the area of the pearl breeding pond is 667-66700m ² .

As preferably, the second step is according to the density cage of 800-1200/667m ² or net cage hanging culture.

As preferably, the second step cultivates pearl clams according to the density of 1000/667m ² .

As a preference, the consumption of biogas slurry in the third step is different according to the month: the consumption of every ^667m2 of still water surface in March-May is 150kg/day, the consumption of every ^667m2 in June-August is 100kg/day, and the consumption of every 667m2 in June-August is 100kg/day; The amount of 667m ² is 200kg/day, and the fertilization is stopped from January to February.

Pearl mussels grow rapidly in spring, and fertilizers are put in; in summer, the temperature is high, in order to prevent the organic fertilizer from partially fermenting in the water, which consumes oxygen in the water, the amount of fertilizer is reduced. In autumn and early winter, in order for pearl mussels to have enough bait to survive the winter, increase the amount of fertilizer.

Preferably, during the third fertilization process, the pH of the water body is maintained at 7-8, the COD value is 1-50 mg/l, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1-2 mg/l, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is above 5 mg/L.

The present invention selects the mixture of biogas slurry and fermented duck manure as the fertilizer for pearl cultivation, and the biogas slurry is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, various amino acids, vitamins, proteins, gibberellins, auxins, sugars, nucleic acids and Antibiotics, etc., as well as active resistant substances such as butyric acid, indole acetic acid, and vitamin B12, have a dual role in promoting the growth of plankton and controlling the occurrence of diseases. Both biogas slurry and fermented duck manure are anaerobically treated and basically do not carry pathogens. At the same time, the effective utilization of the biogas slurry in the present invention also reduces the water environment problems caused by its discharge, turns waste into wealth, and protects the environment.

Detailed ways

The following descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the patent scope of the present invention should fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Example 1

The first step is to select a pearl pond with an area of 667m ² and convenient drainage and irrigation. 18 days before hanging the pearl mussels, remove the water, remove the surrounding aquatic plants and dry grass on the ridge, and then disinfect the dry pond with 0.8kg of quicklime , after 4 days of exposure, fill up with fresh water, the water depth is 2 meters, the fresh water quality is fresh, no pollution, and the water quality meets the relevant national standards;

In the second step, select 7cm pearl mussels and hang them according to the density of 1000/ ^667m2 , and the depth of hanging is 40cm;

The third step is to fertilize biogas slurry and fermented duck manure with a mass ratio of 5:1. The amount of biogas slurry according to the month is as follows: when the water temperature in spring is greater than 10 degrees Celsius, every 667m ² of still water surface from March to May The amount of fertilization is 150kg/day. When the water temperature is higher than 25 degrees Celsius in summer, reduce the amount of fertilization. From June to August, the amount of fertilizer per ^667m2 is 100kg/day. Increase the amount of fertilizer in autumn and early winter when the water temperature is lower than 15 degrees Celsius. In December, the amount per 667m ² is 200kg/day, and fertilization is stopped from January to February. The pH of the water body is maintained at 7.5, the COD value is 25mg/l, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/l, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is above 5mg/L. Repeat the above breeding method in the second year.

The breeding period of the pearl mussel is 2 years.

After a cycle of breeding test: the comparative data statistics of this method and the conventional breeding method are listed in the table below.

It can be seen from the comparative data that the cultivation method of the present invention improves the yield and quality of pearls to varying degrees.

Example 2

The first step is to select a pearl breeding pond with an area of 6670m ² and convenient drainage and irrigation. 20 days before hanging and raising pearl mussels, remove the water, remove the surrounding aquatic plants and dry grass on the ridge, and disinfect the dry pond with 1kg of quicklime. After 5 days of exposure, fill up with fresh water, the water depth is 2.5 meters, the fresh water quality is fresh, no pollution, and the water quality meets the relevant national standards;

In the second step, select 8cm pearl mussels and hang them at a density of 1200/ ^667m2 , and the depth of hanging is 60cm;

The third step is to fertilize the biogas slurry and the fermented duck manure with a mass ratio of 3:1. The amount of biogas slurry according to the month is: when the water temperature in spring is higher than 10 degrees Celsius, the static water surface in March to May is 667m ² The amount of fertilization is 150kg/day. When the water temperature is higher than 25 degrees Celsius in summer, reduce the amount of fertilization. From June to August, the amount of fertilizer per ^667m2 is 100kg/day. Increase the amount of fertilizer in autumn and early winter when the water temperature is lower than 15 degrees Celsius. In December, the amount per 667m ² is 200kg/day, and fertilization is stopped from January to February. The pH of the water body is maintained at 7.5, the COD value is 25mg/l, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/l, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is above 5mg/L. Repeat the above breeding method in the second year.

The breeding period of the pearl mussel is 2 years.

After a cycle of breeding test: the comparative data statistics of this method and the conventional breeding method are listed in the table below.

It can be seen from the comparative data that the cultivation method of the present invention improves the yield and quality of pearls to varying degrees.

Example 3

The first step is to select a pearl pond with an area of 66700m ² and convenient drainage and irrigation. 15 days before hanging and raising pearl mussels, remove the water, remove the surrounding aquatic plants and dry grass on the edge of the ridge, and then disinfect the dry pond with 0.5kg of quicklime , after 3 days of exposure, fill up with fresh water, the water depth is 1.5 meters, the fresh water quality is fresh, no pollution, and the water quality meets the relevant national standards;

In the second step, select 6cm pearl mussels and hang them at a density of 800/667m ² with a depth of 40cm;

The third step is to fertilize biogas slurry and fermented duck manure with a mass ratio of 7:1. The amount of biogas slurry according to the month is: when the water temperature in spring is greater than 10 degrees Celsius, the static water surface in March to May is 667m ² The amount of fertilization is 150kg/day. When the water temperature is higher than 25 degrees Celsius in summer, reduce the amount of fertilization. From June to August, the amount of fertilizer per ^667m2 is 100kg/day. Increase the amount of fertilizer in autumn and early winter when the water temperature is lower than 15 degrees Celsius. In December, the amount per 667m ² is 200kg/day, and fertilization is stopped from January to February. The pH of the water body is maintained at 7.5, the COD value is 25mg/l, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/l, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is above 5mg/L. Repeat the above breeding method in the second year.

The breeding period of the pearl mussel is 2 years.

After a cycle of breeding test: the comparative data statistics of this method and the conventional breeding method are listed in the table below.

It can be seen from the comparative data that the cultivation method of the present invention improves the yield and quality of pearls to varying degrees.

Example 4

The first step is to select a 667m ² pond with convenient drainage and irrigation. 19 days before hanging the pearl mussels, remove the water, remove the surrounding aquatic plants and dry grass on the ridge, and disinfect the dry pond with quicklime. After 5 days of exposure, add Filled with fresh water, the water depth is 2 meters, the fresh water quality is fresh and pollution-free, and the water quality meets the relevant national standards;

In the second step, select 7cm pearl mussels and hang them according to the density of 1000/ ^667m2 , and the depth of hanging is 50cm;

The third step is to fertilize biogas slurry and fermented duck manure. The amount of biogas slurry according to the month is as follows: when the water temperature is higher than 10 degrees Celsius in spring, the amount of still water per ^667m2 from March to May is 150kg/day, and in summer When the water temperature is higher than 25 degrees Celsius, reduce the amount of fertilization. The amount of fertilization per 667m ² from June to August is 100kg/day. When the water temperature is lower than 15 degrees Celsius, increase the amount of fertilizer in autumn and early winter. The amount of fertilizer per 667m ² from September to December is 200kg/day, stop fertilizing from January to February. The pH of the water body is maintained at 7-8, the COD value is 20mg/l, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/l, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is above 5mg/L. Repeat the above breeding method in the second year.

The breeding period of the pearl mussel is 2 years.

In the third step, different amounts of biogas slurry and fermented duck manure are put into each month, and duck manure is added according to the mass ratio of biogas slurry and fermented duck manure, and the yield of pearls is different, as shown in the table below.

Conclusion: When the mass ratio of biogas slurry and duck manure is 5:1, the pearl yield is the highest, and when the mass ratio of biogas slurry and duck manure increases or decreases, the pearl yield begins to decline. At 3:1-7:1, the output is relatively high.

Claims (3)

1. a method for pearl culture, comprises the following steps:

The first step, choose the irrigation and drainage pond of growing cultured pearls easily, before hanging culture pearl culturing clam 15～20 days, get rid of moisture, remove after periphery pasture and water and limit, ridge drought grass, with quicklime, the dry pool is carried out disinfection, tan by the sun after 3～5 days, fill it up with fresh water, 1.5～2.5 meters of the depth of waters, described fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free;

Second step, chooses the pearl culturing clam of 6～8cm, according to 800-1200 only/667m ²density hanging culture, the hanging culture degree of depth is 20～60cm;

The 3rd step, after natural pond liquid and fermentation, duck excrement all passes through Anaerobic Treatment, and natural pond liquid is mixed to rear fertilising with the duck excrement after fermentation, and quality proportioning is 3:1～7:1, at the annual 3-12 month, every 667m ²water surface natural pond liquid consumption be 100-200kg/ days, stop the 1-2 month fertilising, during fertilising along waters surrounding make natural pond liquid with fermentation after duck excrement slowly dissolve in water;

This pearl culturing clam cultivation time limit is 2 years,

The first step is by every 667m ²use 0.5-1kg lime disinfection;

In the 3rd step fertilising process, it is 1-50mg/l that the pH of water body remains on 7～8, COD value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1-2mg/l, and dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L.

2. a kind of method for pearl culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: second step is according to 1000/667m ²the density of the water surface is cultivated pearl oyster.

3. a kind of method for pearl culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the 3rd step by the consumption of month different natural ponds liquid is: every 667m of the 3-5 month ²the consumption of the water surface is 150kg/ days, every 667m of the 6-8 month ²consumption be 100kg/ days, every 667m of the 9-12 month ²the consumption of the water surface is 200kg/ days, stops fertilising the 1-2 month.