CN103175702A - Fatigue test device and method for axle - Google Patents
Fatigue test device and method for axle Download PDFInfo
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- CN103175702A CN103175702A CN201110430692XA CN201110430692A CN103175702A CN 103175702 A CN103175702 A CN 103175702A CN 201110430692X A CN201110430692X A CN 201110430692XA CN 201110430692 A CN201110430692 A CN 201110430692A CN 103175702 A CN103175702 A CN 103175702A
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- actuating cylinder
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fatigue test device and method for an axle. The fatigue test device for the axle comprises a loading beam and a platform. A wheel is radially fixed on the platform, and the end of an axle to be tested is fixed axially; and a vertical actuating cylinder, a transverse actuating cylinder and a longitudinal actuating cylinder are connected to a journal of the axle to be tested respectively. The journal of the axle to be tested is mounted in a mounting seat through a rolling bearing; and the vertical actuating cylinder, the transverse actuating cylinder and the longitudinal actuating cylinder are connected with the mounting seat respectively. On the basis of the test device and method, the fatigue test of the journal, an axle body and a wheel disk can be achieved comprehensively; a test mode of journal rotation bending and axial loading can be set comprehensively aimed at a fatigue test and axial loading solution towards the journal, and accordingly, the fatigue test comprehensiveness of the whole axle is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for performing a fatigue test on a journal of a wheel axle of a rail vehicle, and belongs to the technical field of rail transit.
Background
With the rapid popularization of urban rail transit in China and the great improvement of the running speed of vehicles, higher design and use requirements are provided for a bogie frame for bearing a vehicle body and transmitting traction. The axle is an important component of the bogie, and the fatigue test of the axle guarantees long-term, high-speed and safe operation.
At present, domestic test devices for wheel shafts are mainly divided into eccentric excitation type, rotary bending type, integral rolling type and simply supported beam rotary bending type structures, and accordingly, test methods are limited to fatigue tests of shaft bodies and radial plate parts.
The test device generally adopted in the prior art cannot perform the fatigue test of the journal part, and the remedy method can only approximately simulate the fatigue strength coefficient of the journal by performing corresponding conversion on test data of other parts.
The test apparatus based on the above configuration and test method can apply only radial load to the wheel shaft without axial load and data detection and derivation function.
Therefore, the existing axle fatigue test device cannot establish the corresponding relation between the load and the stress bending or the axle journal fatigue coefficient from the system, and cannot comprehensively evaluate whether the structural design and the material of the axle have rationality.
In view of this, the present patent application is specifically proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a wheel axle fatigue test device and a method thereof, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art and implementing a scheme of fatigue test and axial loading aiming at a shaft neck, so that a test mode of rotating bending and axial loading of the shaft neck is comprehensively established, and the comprehensiveness of the fatigue test of the whole wheel axle is expected to be improved.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the wheel axle fatigue test method comprises the following steps:
a test device comprising a loading cross beam and a platform is adopted, and the platform is used for radially fixing wheels and axially fixing the end part of a tested wheel shaft;
the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft is respectively connected with a vertical actuating cylinder, a transverse actuating cylinder and a longitudinal actuating cylinder;
a stress detection sheet is stuck at the corner of the tested wheel shaft adjacent to the wheel;
in the process of carrying out the fatigue test of the shaft neck, the tested shaft rotates in the circumferential direction at a constant speed, and the 3 actuating cylinders apply loads to the shaft neck of the tested shaft respectively so as to finish the circumferential operation required by the fatigue test.
The basic scheme can be used for not only carrying out the fatigue test of the shaft body and the spoke plate, but also directly carrying out the fatigue test of the shaft neck part and further realizing the axial loading. Therefore, the comprehensive and comprehensive fatigue test process can be established according to the repeated push-pull load of the actuating cylinder in 3 editing directions, and the demonstration accuracy of the reasonability of the wheel axle structure and the material selection is facilitated.
The shaft neck is pastedStress detection pieceCan utilizeDynamic testerAnd recording the stress data so as to determine whether the structural design of the journal is reasonable or not by analyzing and researching the stress data after the fatigue test is finished.
In order to comprehensively apply loads in multiple directions at the shaft neck, the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft can be arranged in the mounting seat through a rolling bearing, so that the inner ring press-fitting environment of the shaft neck in actual use is simulated.
The vertical actuating cylinder, the transverse actuating cylinder and the longitudinal actuating cylinder are respectively connected to the mounting seat, so that loads in three directions borne by the shaft neck are connected together through the mounting seat.
Before carrying out a journal fatigue test, wheel axle radial stress calibration should be carried out firstly to clarify the stress corresponding relation between the radial push-pull load and the rotating bend angle between the tested wheel axle.
Specifically, when the transverse actuating cylinder repeatedly applies a transverse push-pull load to the shaft neck, the vertical actuating cylinder and the longitudinal actuating cylinder are in a free state, and data output of a stress detection sheet pasted at the corner of the tested wheel shaft is obtained;
when the longitudinal actuating cylinder repeatedly applies longitudinal push-pull load to the shaft neck, the vertical actuating cylinder and the transverse actuating cylinder are in a free state, and data of the stress detection sheet adhered to the corner of the tested wheel shaft are obtained and output.
Based on the same principle, the axial stress of the wheel shaft is calibrated before the journal fatigue test is carried out, so that the stress corresponding relation between the axial push-pull load and the rotating bend angle of the tested wheel shaft is determined.
Specifically, when the vertical acting cylinder repeatedly applies axial push-pull load to the shaft neck, the longitudinal acting cylinder and the transverse acting cylinder are in a free state, and data of the stress detection sheet pasted at the corner of the tested wheel shaft is obtained and output.
In the process of carrying out the journal radial fatigue test, the transverse actuating cylinder and the longitudinal actuating cylinder repeatedly apply radial push-pull loads to the journal so as to complete the fatigue test of a specified cycle.
In the process of carrying out the journal axial fatigue test, the vertical acting cylinder repeatedly applies axial push-pull load to the journal, and simultaneously carries out the journal radial fatigue test.
Based on the design concept and the application of the axle fatigue test method, the following test device can be realized:
the test device mainly comprises a loading cross beam and a platform, wherein wheels are radially fixed on the platform, and the end part of a tested wheel shaft is axially fixed on the platform;
the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft is respectively connected with a vertical actuating cylinder, a transverse actuating cylinder and a longitudinal actuating cylinder.
In order to further improve the comprehensive load application effect at the shaft neck and simulate the inner ring press-fitting environment of the shaft neck in an actual use state, the improvement scheme is that the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft is arranged in the mounting seat through a rolling bearing; the vertical actuating cylinder, the transverse actuating cylinder and the longitudinal actuating cylinder are respectively connected to the mounting seat.
In summary, the axle fatigue test device and the method thereof have the advantages that the axle journal, the axle body and the spoke plate of the axle can be comprehensively tested based on one set of test device and method, meanwhile, the axle rotating bending test data represented by the axle journal is established by an axial loading scheme, and data support is provided for improving the structure and material optimization design of the axle.
Drawings
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a journal fatigue test using an axle fatigue testing apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shaft fatigue test using the wheel shaft fatigue test apparatus;
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the device comprises a transverse actuating cylinder 1, a transverse actuating cylinder mounting seat 2, a platform 3, a tested wheel shaft 4, a mounting seat 5, a vertical actuating cylinder 6, a loading cross beam 7, wheels 8, a longitudinal actuating cylinder 9, a rolling bearing 10 and a longitudinal actuating cylinder mounting seat 11.
The stress detection piece is attached to the corner of the wheel shaft 4 under test, as shown in part a in fig. 1 and part B in fig. 2, respectively.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a test device for implementing a method for testing fatigue of a journal of an axle mainly comprises a loading beam 7 and a platform 3. Wherein,
radially fixing the wheels 8 on the platform 3 and axially fixing the end of the tested wheel shaft 4;
the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft 4 is arranged in the mounting seat 5 through a rolling bearing 10, and the vertical actuating cylinder 6, the transverse actuating cylinder 1 and the longitudinal actuating cylinder 9 are respectively connected with the mounting seat 5.
The axle journal fatigue test method is characterized in that a stress detection sheet is stuck at the corner of a tested axle 4 adjacent to a wheel 8;
in the process of carrying out the fatigue test of the shaft neck, the tested shaft 4 rotates in the circumferential direction at a constant speed, and the vertical actuating cylinder 6, the transverse actuating cylinder 1 and the longitudinal actuating cylinder 9 respectively apply loads to the shaft neck of the tested shaft 4 so as to complete the weekly operation required by the fatigue test.
Before a journal fatigue test is carried out, wheel axle radial stress calibration is carried out, namely when a transverse push-pull load is repeatedly applied to a journal by a transverse actuating cylinder 1, a vertical actuating cylinder 6 and a longitudinal actuating cylinder 9 are in a free state, and data output of a stress detection sheet pasted at a bent angle of a tested wheel axle 4 is obtained;
when the longitudinal cylinder 9 repeatedly applies a longitudinal push-pull load to the journal, the vertical cylinder 6 and the transverse cylinder 1 are in a free state, and data output of a stress detection piece adhered to the corner of the tested wheel shaft 4 is obtained, so that the stress corresponding relation of the radial push-pull load and the rotating corner of the tested wheel shaft 4 is obtained.
Before a journal fatigue test is carried out, axle axial stress calibration is carried out, namely when the vertical acting cylinder 6 repeatedly applies axial push-pull load to a journal, the longitudinal acting cylinder 9 and the transverse acting cylinder 1 are in a free state, and data output of a stress detection sheet pasted at a corner of the tested axle 4 is obtained, so that the stress corresponding relation between the axial push-pull load and the rotating corner of the tested axle 4 is obtained.
In the process of carrying out the journal radial fatigue test, the transverse actuating cylinder 1 and the longitudinal actuating cylinder 9 repeatedly apply radial push-pull loads to the journal to complete the fatigue test of a specified cycle.
In the process of carrying out the journal axial fatigue test, the vertical actuating cylinder 6 repeatedly applies axial push-pull load to the journal, namely, the journal radial fatigue test is carried out simultaneously with the axial fatigue test.
In example 2, as shown in fig. 3, the point different from example 1 is that, when the axle fatigue test is performed, the axle end of the wheel axle 4 to be tested is mounted inside the mount base 5 via the rolling bearing 10, and the vertical cylinder 6, the lateral cylinder 1, and the vertical cylinder 9 are connected to the mount base 5, respectively.
The other test apparatus and test method are similar to those of example 1, and the description thereof will not be repeated.
As described above, similar technical solutions can be derived from the solutions given in the figures and the embodiments. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the above technical matters still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A wheel axle fatigue test method is characterized in that: a test device comprising a loading cross beam (7) and a platform (3) is adopted, and the platform (3) is used for radially fixing wheels (8) and axially fixing the end part of a tested wheel shaft (4);
the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft (4) is respectively connected with a vertical actuating cylinder (6), a transverse actuating cylinder (1) and a longitudinal actuating cylinder (9);
a stress detection sheet is stuck at the corner of the tested wheel shaft (4) adjacent to the wheel (8);
in the process of carrying out the fatigue test of the shaft neck, the tested wheel shaft (4) rotates in the circumferential direction at a constant speed, and the 3 actuating cylinders apply loads to the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft (4) respectively so as to finish the circumferential operation required by the fatigue test.
2. The axle fatigue test method of claim 1, wherein: the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft (4) is arranged in the mounting seat (5) through a rolling bearing (10);
the vertical actuating cylinder (6), the transverse actuating cylinder (1) and the longitudinal actuating cylinder (9) are respectively connected to the mounting base (5).
3. Axle fatigue testing method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: wheel axle radial stress calibration is performed before the journal fatigue test is performed,
when the transverse actuating cylinder (1) repeatedly applies transverse push-pull load to the shaft neck, the vertical actuating cylinder (6) and the longitudinal actuating cylinder (9) are in a free state, and data of a stress detection sheet adhered to the corner of the tested wheel shaft (4) are acquired and output;
when the longitudinal acting cylinder (9) repeatedly applies longitudinal push-pull load to the shaft neck, the vertical acting cylinder (6) and the transverse acting cylinder (1) are in a free state, and data of a stress detection sheet pasted at the corner of the tested wheel shaft (4) is obtained and output, so that the stress corresponding relation of the radial push-pull load and the rotating corner of the tested wheel shaft (4) is obtained.
4. The axle fatigue testing method of claim 3, wherein: axle axial stress calibration is carried out before carrying out journal fatigue test,
when the vertical actuating cylinder (6) repeatedly applies axial push-pull load to the shaft neck, the longitudinal actuating cylinder (9) and the transverse actuating cylinder (1) are in a free state, and data of a stress detection sheet pasted at the corner of the tested wheel shaft (4) is obtained and output, so that the stress corresponding relation of the axial push-pull load and the rotating corner of the tested wheel shaft (4) is obtained.
5. The axle fatigue testing method of claim 4, wherein: in the process of carrying out the journal radial fatigue test, the transverse actuating cylinder (1) and the longitudinal actuating cylinder (9) repeatedly apply radial push-pull load to the journal to complete the fatigue test of a specified cycle.
6. The axle fatigue testing method of claim 5, wherein: in the process of implementing the journal axial fatigue test, the vertical actuating cylinder (6) repeatedly applies axial push-pull load to the journal;
and simultaneously carrying out the axial fatigue test and the journal radial fatigue test.
7. Test device for carrying out the axle fatigue test method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: comprises a loading beam (7) and a platform (3),
the wheel (8) is radially fixed on the platform (3), and the end part of the tested wheel shaft (4) is axially fixed;
the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft (4) is respectively connected with a vertical actuating cylinder (6), a transverse actuating cylinder (1) and a longitudinal actuating cylinder (9).
8. The axle fatigue testing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the shaft neck of the tested wheel shaft (4) is arranged in the mounting seat (5) through a rolling bearing (10);
the vertical actuating cylinder (6), the transverse actuating cylinder (1) and the longitudinal actuating cylinder (9) are respectively connected to the mounting base (5).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201110430692.XA CN103175702B (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Fatigue test device and method for axle |
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| CN201110430692.XA CN103175702B (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Fatigue test device and method for axle |
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| CN103175702A true CN103175702A (en) | 2013-06-26 |
| CN103175702B CN103175702B (en) | 2015-04-22 |
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| CN103487266A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2014-01-01 | 中国铁道科学研究院金属及化学研究所 | Experimental equipment and experimental method for testing fatigue performance of locomotive wheels |
| CN103674584A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-26 | 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Rail vehicle curve passage capacity testing method |
| CN103698137A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-04-02 | 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Loading testing device used in vehicle body traction device |
| CN104990696A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-21 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Loading system |
| CN105716851A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-06-29 | 华南理工大学 | Rotating bending fatigue testing machine for valves |
| CN106468245A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-03-01 | 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 | Air guide sleeve of wind-driven generator bracing frame assay device |
| CN107703051A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-16 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | The three-dimensional loading device of interaction of soil mass and foundation under a kind of cyclic load |
| CN108489739A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2018-09-04 | 潘唯锡 | A kind of vehicle hub alternation tangential stress mechanism for testing |
| CN108871776A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-23 | 西南交通大学 | Bullet train axle non-destructive tests testing stand based on vibratory response |
| CN108956307A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-07 | 河北工业大学 | Repeated bend test hydraulic test system |
| CN109883736A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-14 | 成都西交智众科技有限公司 | A kind of novel axle fatigue test board |
| KR20190123717A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2019-11-01 | 엠지-발두네스 | Apparatus and use of the apparatus for testing the shaft and / or the mechanical parts mounted thereon |
| CN110501148A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-26 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | The fatigue rig and fatigue test method of gauge-changeable bogie axle |
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| KR102445004B1 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2022-09-19 | 엠지-발두네스 | Apparatus for testing shafts and/or mechanical parts mounted thereon and their use |
| CN110770562B (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2022-04-01 | 马钢-瓦顿公司 | Device for testing a shaft and/or a mechanical component mounted on a shaft and use of such a device |
| US11226262B2 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2022-01-18 | Mg-Valdunes | Apparatus for testing a shaft and/or a mechanical part on the shaft and use of such an apparatus |
| CN110770562A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2020-02-07 | 马钢-瓦顿公司 | Device for testing a shaft and/or a mechanical component mounted on a shaft and use of such a device |
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| CN108871776B (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-06-04 | 西南交通大学 | High-speed train axle damage identification test bed based on vibration response |
| CN108871776A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-23 | 西南交通大学 | Bullet train axle non-destructive tests testing stand based on vibratory response |
| CN108956307A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-07 | 河北工业大学 | Repeated bend test hydraulic test system |
| CN109883736A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-14 | 成都西交智众科技有限公司 | A kind of novel axle fatigue test board |
| CN110501148A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-26 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | The fatigue rig and fatigue test method of gauge-changeable bogie axle |
| CN114577628A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-06-03 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Magnesium alloy wheel high-temperature bending fatigue test equipment |
| CN115078122A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-20 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Rotary bending fatigue test device and test method |
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