CN103172265B - A kind of high strength glass fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高强度玻璃纤维。一种高强度玻璃纤维，包括下述组分制成：SiO253～57wt%、Al2O323～26wt%、MgO11.5～14.5wt%、B2O32～4wt%、Fe2O30.2～1.0wt%、CeO20.2～1.0wt%、Li2O0.2～0.8wt%、TiO20～1wt%，ZrO2、Y2O3及其它化合物，ZrO2、Y2O3及其它化合物总量小于1wt%。该高强度玻璃纤维的优点是机械性能好即单丝拉伸强度达到4540～4720MPa、拉伸弹性模量达到85～87GPa，玻璃纤维密度与E玻璃相当，与传统E玻璃纤维相比单丝拉伸强度提高30%以上、拉伸弹性模量提高18%以上。The invention relates to a high-strength glass fiber. A high-strength glass fiber, made of the following components: SiO 2 53-57wt%, Al 2 O 3 23-26wt%, MgO 11.5-14.5wt%, B 2 O 3 2-4wt%, Fe 2 O 3 0.2～1.0wt%, CeO 2 0.2～1.0wt%, Li 2 O 0.2～0.8wt%, TiO 2 0～1wt%, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and other compounds, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and the total amount of other compounds is less than 1wt%. The advantage of this high-strength glass fiber is that it has good mechanical properties, that is, the tensile strength of single filament reaches 4540-4720MPa, and the tensile modulus of elasticity reaches 85-87GPa. The density of glass fiber is equivalent to that of E glass. The tensile strength is increased by more than 30%, and the tensile modulus of elasticity is increased by more than 18%.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种高强度玻璃纤维，可以作为高性能复合材料的增强基材，广泛用于风电叶片、国防军工等领域。The invention relates to a high-strength glass fiber, which can be used as a reinforced base material of high-performance composite materials, and is widely used in the fields of wind power blades, national defense and military industry, and the like.
背景技术Background technique
高强度玻璃纤维具有强度高、模量高、耐温性高、抗疲劳性好等特点，用它增强的复合材料具有比强度高、比模量高、抗疲劳性好、耐温性高、耐老化、耐腐蚀性好、结构的可设计性、可加工性能好等特点因此广泛用于国防军工、风能、汽车、防弹等诸多领域。目前国内生产的高强玻璃纤维有HS2和HS4两种，HS2相对工艺性能较好，其不足是单丝拉伸强度4020MPa、拉伸弹性模量82.9GPa，性能与国外的高强相比较差，而HS4虽然单丝拉伸强度4600MPa、拉伸弹性模量86.4GPa与国外高强玻璃纤维相当，其不足是析晶温度较高，工艺性能较差。而且，HS2和HS4高强度玻璃纤维的生产能力低、生产成本导致的产品价格高，难以满足风能、汽车等对成本要求高的应用领域。High-strength glass fiber has the characteristics of high strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, and good fatigue resistance. The composite material reinforced with it has high specific strength, high specific modulus, good fatigue resistance, high temperature resistance, Aging resistance, good corrosion resistance, structural designability, and good processability are widely used in many fields such as national defense and military industry, wind energy, automobiles, and bulletproof. At present, there are two kinds of high-strength glass fibers produced in China, HS2 and HS4. HS2 has relatively better process performance, but its disadvantages are that the tensile strength of monofilament is 4020MPa, and the tensile modulus of elasticity is 82.9GPa. Compared with foreign high-strength, HS4 has poor performance. Although the tensile strength of monofilament is 4600MPa and the tensile modulus of elasticity is 86.4GPa, it is equivalent to foreign high-strength glass fibers, but its disadvantages are high crystallization temperature and poor process performance. Moreover, HS2 and HS4 high-strength glass fibers have low production capacity and high product prices due to production costs, making it difficult to meet high-cost application fields such as wind energy and automobiles.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的一个目的是解决现有高强度玻璃纤维存在的不足，公开一种具有良好机械性能即单丝拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量好，可以用作高性能复合材料的增强基材的高强度玻璃纤维；本发明的另一个目的是公开一种制备上述高强度玻璃纤维的制备方法。An object of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the existing high-strength glass fiber, and disclose a fiberglass with good mechanical properties, that is, a single filament tensile strength and a good tensile modulus of elasticity, which can be used as a reinforced substrate for high-performance composite materials High-strength glass fiber; another object of the present invention is to disclose a method for preparing the above-mentioned high-strength glass fiber.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种高强度玻璃纤维，包括下述组分制成：SiO253～57wt%、Al2O323～26wt%、MgO11.5～14.5wt%、B2O32～4wt%、Fe2O30.2～1.0wt%、CeO20.2～1.0wt%、Li2O0.2～0.8wt%、TiO20～1wt%，ZrO2、Y2O3及其它化合物，ZrO2、Y2O3及其它化合物总量小于1wt%。A high-strength glass fiber, made of the following components: SiO 2 53-57wt%, Al 2 O 3 23-26wt%, MgO 11.5-14.5wt%, B 2 O 3 2-4wt%, Fe 2 O 3 0.2～1.0wt%, CeO 2 0.2～1.0wt%, Li 2 O 0.2～0.8wt%, TiO 2 0～1wt%, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and other compounds, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and the total amount of other compounds is less than 1wt%.
作为优选，包括下述组分制成：SiO253.5～56wt%、Al2O323.5～25.5wt%、MgO12～14wt%、B2O32.5～3.5wt%、Fe2O30.5～1.0wt%、CeO20.5～1.0wt%、Li2O0.4～0.6wt%、TiO20.2～0.6wt%，ZrO2、Y2O3及其它化合物，ZrO2、Y2O3及其它化合物总量小于1wt%。Preferably, the following components are included: SiO 2 53.5~56wt%, Al 2 O 3 23.5~25.5wt%, MgO 12~14wt%, B 2 O 3 2.5~3.5wt%, Fe 2 O 3 0.5~1.0 wt%, CeO 2 0.5~1.0wt%, Li 2 O 0.4~0.6wt%, TiO 2 0.2~0.6wt%, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and other compounds, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and other compounds The total amount is less than 1wt%.
一种高强度玻璃纤维的制备方法，将上述的各组分在1500℃～1550℃温度条件下熔融制成玻璃，在1450～1500℃下再熔融，熔融玻璃在1320～1330℃温度条件下拉制成纤维。A method for preparing high-strength glass fibers. The above-mentioned components are melted at a temperature of 1500°C to 1550°C to form a glass, and then melted at a temperature of 1450 to 1500°C, and the molten glass is drawn at a temperature of 1320 to 1330°C. into fibers.
作为优选，将各组分在1500℃～1550℃温度条件下，边搅拌边熔融，熔制12小时制成玻璃，在1450～1500℃下再熔融4小时以上，把单孔拉丝坩埚温度降至1320～1330℃后，开始拉丝，拉制成直径为8～9μm的连续纤维。Preferably, each component is melted while stirring at a temperature of 1500°C-1550°C, melted for 12 hours to make glass, and then melted at 1450-1500°C for more than 4 hours, and the temperature of the single-hole wire drawing crucible is reduced to After 1320-1330°C, start drawing, and draw into continuous fibers with a diameter of 8-9 μm.
采用了上述技术方案的高强度玻璃纤维，SiO2是玻璃网络形成剂，其含量直接影响玻璃强度、模量、析晶温度、高温粘度等，随着SiO2含量的增加，玻璃网络结构完整性提高，纤维强度提高、高温粘度提高、析晶温度下降，但弹性模量降低，玻璃熔化温度和拉丝温度提高导致工艺性能下降；反之，纤维的强度降低。本发明玻璃纤维中的SiO2含量最佳值为54～56wt%；Al2O3是玻璃网络形成剂，其含量直接影响玻璃强度、模量、析晶温度、工艺性能等，随着Al2O3含量的增加，纤维强度提高、弹性模量提高、析晶温度提高、熔制温度、拉丝温度提高导致工艺性能下降；反之，纤维的强度和模量降低，难以获得高强度玻璃纤维。本发明玻璃纤维中的Al2O3含量最佳值为24～25.5wt%。MgO是玻璃网络外剂，适量的MgO具有降低玻璃析晶温度、提高工艺性能和强度的作用，含量过高反而提高析晶温度、降低纤维强度；太低难以起到应有的作用。本发明玻璃中的MgO含量最佳值为12～14wt%。B2O3在此玻璃纤维中主要作为助熔剂，其作用降低析晶温度、降低高温粘度、降低析晶温度、提高玻璃熔制和纤维成型性能。当含量太低时，起到的效果不明显；含量太高时，降低纤维的强度和模量，难以获得高强度玻璃纤维。本发明玻璃中的B2O3含量最佳值为2.5～3.5wt%。Fe2O3、CeO2、Li2O、TiO2等金属氧化物主要起到助熔、澄清、降低高温度粘度、改善熔制和纤维成型工艺性能。本发明玻璃纤维中这些组份的最佳值为Fe2O30.5～1.0wt%、CeO20.5～1.0wt%、Li2O0.4～0.6wt%、TiO20.2～0.6wt%。玻璃纤维中含有少量ZrO2、Y2O3等其它化合物，其总量小于1wt%，能有效提高纤维的弹性模量，提高纤维的耐温性和化学稳定性。The high-strength glass fiber of the above-mentioned technical scheme is adopted. SiO2 is a glass network forming agent, and its content directly affects the glass strength, modulus, crystallization temperature, high-temperature viscosity, etc. With the increase of SiO2 content, the integrity of the glass network structure Increase, fiber strength increases, high temperature viscosity increases, crystallization temperature decreases, but the elastic modulus decreases, glass melting temperature and drawing temperature increase, resulting in a decrease in process performance; on the contrary, the strength of the fiber decreases. The optimal value of SiO 2 content in the glass fiber of the present invention is 54-56wt%; Al 2 O 3 is a glass network forming agent, and its content directly affects glass strength, modulus, crystallization temperature, process performance, etc., as Al 2 The increase of O 3 content leads to the increase of fiber strength, elastic modulus, crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and wire drawing temperature, resulting in a decrease in process performance; on the contrary, the strength and modulus of the fiber decrease, and it is difficult to obtain high-strength glass fiber. The optimum content of Al 2 O 3 in the glass fiber of the present invention is 24-25.5wt%. MgO is a glass network external agent. An appropriate amount of MgO can reduce the crystallization temperature of the glass and improve the process performance and strength. If the content is too high, it will increase the crystallization temperature and reduce the fiber strength; if it is too low, it will not play its due role. The optimal value of MgO content in the glass of the present invention is 12-14wt%. B 2 O 3 is mainly used as a flux in this glass fiber, and its function is to reduce the crystallization temperature, reduce the high temperature viscosity, reduce the crystallization temperature, and improve the glass melting and fiber forming performance. When the content is too low, the effect is not obvious; when the content is too high, the strength and modulus of the fiber will be reduced, and it is difficult to obtain high-strength glass fiber. The optimal value of B 2 O 3 content in the glass of the present invention is 2.5-3.5 wt%. Metal oxides such as Fe 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , Li 2 O, and TiO 2 are mainly used for fluxing, clarification, reducing high-temperature viscosity, and improving the performance of melting and fiber forming processes. The optimal values of these components in the glass fiber of the present invention are Fe 2 O 3 0.5-1.0 wt%, CeO 2 0.5-1.0 wt%, Li 2 O 0.4-0.6 wt%, TiO 2 0.2-0.6 wt%. The glass fiber contains a small amount of ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and other compounds, the total amount of which is less than 1wt%, which can effectively increase the elastic modulus of the fiber, and improve the temperature resistance and chemical stability of the fiber.
本发明的玻璃可以1500～1550℃温度条件下，用电加热熔融预配好的玻璃配合料来获得高强度玻璃。然后把玻璃在1450～1500℃下再熔融，熔融玻璃在1320～1330℃温度条件下通过铂金漏板的漏嘴拉制成直径为8～9μm连续纤维。拉制的纤维可以根据用户需要制成玻璃纤维布、纱、带等各种玻璃纤维产品。The glass of the present invention can obtain high-strength glass by melting the pre-prepared glass batch material by electric heating under the temperature condition of 1500-1550°C. Then the glass is re-melted at 1450-1500°C, and the molten glass is drawn into continuous fibers with a diameter of 8-9 μm through the nozzle of the platinum bushing at a temperature of 1320-1330°C. The drawn fiber can be made into various glass fiber products such as glass fiber cloth, yarn, and tape according to user needs.
综上所述，该高强度玻璃纤维的优点是机械性能好即单丝拉伸强度达到4540～4720MPa、拉伸弹性模量达到85～87GPa，玻璃纤维密度与E玻璃相当，与传统E玻璃纤维相比单丝拉伸强度提高30%以上、拉伸弹性模量提高18%以上。该高强度玻璃纤维的制备方法的优点是成形温度是1320～1330℃，液相温度1250～1270℃，生产成本低，适合大规模生产。To sum up, the advantages of this high-strength glass fiber are good mechanical properties, that is, the tensile strength of single filament reaches 4540-4720MPa, the tensile modulus of elasticity reaches 85-87GPa, and the density of glass fiber is equivalent to that of E glass, which is comparable to that of traditional E glass fiber. Compared with monofilament, the tensile strength is increased by more than 30%, and the tensile modulus of elasticity is increased by more than 18%. The preparation method of the high-strength glass fiber has the advantages that the forming temperature is 1320-1330°C, the liquidus temperature is 1250-1270°C, the production cost is low, and it is suitable for large-scale production.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
表1为本发明的高强度玻璃纤维的实施例。Table 1 is the embodiment of the high-strength glass fiber of the present invention.
按表1中所示的一种高强度玻璃纤维，包括下述组分制成：SiO253～57wt%、Al2O323～26wt%、MgO11.5～14.5wt%、B2O32～4wt%、Fe2O30.2～1.0wt%、CeO20.2～1.0wt%、Li2O0.2～0.8wt%、TiO20～1wt%，上述氧化物在高强度玻璃纤维中的总含量达到99wt%以上，本发明的高强度玻璃纤维中含有少量ZrO2、Y2O3及其它化合物，ZrO2、Y2O3及其它化合物总量小于1wt%。According to a high-strength glass fiber shown in Table 1, it is made of the following components: SiO 2 53-57wt%, Al 2 O 3 23-26wt%, MgO 11.5-14.5wt%, B 2 O 3 2~4wt%, Fe 2 O 3 0.2~1.0wt%, CeO 2 0.2~1.0wt%, Li 2 O 0.2~0.8wt%, TiO 2 0~1wt%, the above oxides in high strength glass fiber The total content reaches more than 99wt%. The high-strength glass fiber of the present invention contains a small amount of ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and other compounds, and the total amount of ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 and other compounds is less than 1 wt%.
实施例：Example:
表1Table 1
一种高强度玻璃纤维的制备方法，将上述的各组分混合配制成配合料，装在铂金化料坩埚内，除了SiO2采用石英砂为矿物原料以外，其它全部采用氧化物化工原料，在1500℃～1550℃温度条件下，边搅拌边熔融，熔制12小时，把熔制好的玻璃流到耐热钢板上，制成玻璃料块，取一部分料块放入单孔拉丝坩埚内，在1450～1500℃下再熔融4小时以上，把单孔拉丝坩埚温度降至1320～1330℃后，开始拉丝，调整拉丝速度，使得拉制成的连续纤维直径为8～9μm，用特制的取样器和试样条取漏孔与拉丝机之间的单丝，用于单丝拉伸强度测试；取一部分玻璃料块用于玻璃密度测定；另外把铂金化料坩埚化的料加入到100孔全铂拉丝坩埚内，调整坩埚漏板温度至1320～1330℃，调整拉丝速度，拉制12Tex左右的原丝，用于测量弹性模量。A preparation method of high-strength glass fiber. The above-mentioned components are mixed and formulated into a batch material, which is installed in a platinum chemical crucible. Except for SiO2 , which uses quartz sand as mineral raw material, all other chemical raw materials are oxide chemical raw materials. Under the temperature condition of 1500℃～1550℃, melt while stirring, and melt for 12 hours, flow the melted glass onto the heat-resistant steel plate to make a glass block, take a part of the block and put it into a single-hole wire drawing crucible, Re-melt at 1450-1500°C for more than 4 hours, lower the temperature of the single-hole drawing crucible to 1320-1330°C, start drawing, adjust the drawing speed so that the diameter of the drawn continuous fiber is 8-9 μm, use a special sampling Take the monofilament between the leakage hole and the wire drawing machine for the device and the sample strip for the tensile strength test of the monofilament; take a part of the glass block for the glass density measurement; in addition, add the platinum crucible material to the 100 hole In the all-platinum wire drawing crucible, adjust the temperature of the crucible bushing plate to 1320-1330°C, adjust the wire drawing speed, and draw a raw wire of about 12Tex for measuring the elastic modulus.
玻璃密度测试方法：采用悬浮法，即用天平浸入水中前后的重量；玻璃纤维单丝强度测定方法：用取样器和试样条取漏孔与绕丝筒之间的未经受磨损的单根纤维，用UTM-11-20自动记录强力机测强力，用测量显微镜在800倍放大率的条件下测量纤维直径。测试条件：强力测试，选定纤维长度10mm、拉伸速率8mm/min、环境温度22～25℃、湿度40～55%；纤维直径8～9μm；玻璃纤维弹性模量测试方法：采用声波法，即把全铂拉丝坩埚拉制的12Tex左右的原丝一端用松香焊在铜芯喇叭上，另一端用夹子固定，两固定点距离为100cm，把喇叭接在音频信号发生器上，测量音频信号发生器发射与接收信号达到最小时的频率，根据频率计算弹性模量。Glass density test method: Suspension method, that is, the weight before and after immersion in water with a balance; Glass fiber monofilament strength test method: Use a sampler and a sample strip to take a single fiber that has not suffered wear between the leak hole and the winding drum , Use UTM-11-20 to automatically record the strength of the machine to measure the strength, and use a measuring microscope to measure the fiber diameter under the condition of 800 times magnification. Test conditions: strength test, selected fiber length 10mm, tensile rate 8mm/min, ambient temperature 22-25°C, humidity 40-55%; fiber diameter 8-9μm; glass fiber elastic modulus test method: using the sonic method, That is, weld one end of the 12Tex or so raw wire drawn by an all-platinum wire drawing crucible to the copper core speaker with rosin, and fix the other end with a clip. The distance between the two fixed points is 100cm. Connect the speaker to the audio signal generator to measure the audio signal. The frequency at which the generator transmits and receives the signal reaches a minimum, and the elastic modulus is calculated based on the frequency.
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