CN103163422A - Device for searching fault points of cable or pipeline - Google Patents
Device for searching fault points of cable or pipeline Download PDFInfo
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- CN103163422A CN103163422A CN2011104255504A CN201110425550A CN103163422A CN 103163422 A CN103163422 A CN 103163422A CN 2011104255504 A CN2011104255504 A CN 2011104255504A CN 201110425550 A CN201110425550 A CN 201110425550A CN 103163422 A CN103163422 A CN 103163422A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for searching fault points of a cable or a pipeline. The device for searching fault points of the cable or the pipeline comprises a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the transmitter is composed of a control system, a signal producing circuit, a signal amplification circuit, a gear shifting circuit or a voltage limiting circuit for alternating current or direct current output, a power detection circuit, a power regulating circuit, a impedance measurement circuit, an analogue/ digital (A/D) sampling circuit, a keyboard and a display device. The device for searching fault points of the cable or the pipeline comprises four detection circuiting methods: low-frequency alternating current detection method, high-frequency alternating current detection method, pulse detection method and impedance detection method. The four detection methods are used and provide evidence for each other, and thus fault points are determined reliably. When the cable or the pipeline is detected, cable or pipeline condition changes, cable line-breaking fault condition, cable insulation condition relative to the ground and the like are considered, and then fault points are found out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device of searching cable or pipeline fault point.
Background technology
Method and device that tradition is searched cable fault have following several:
The first---pulse-echo echo method, the method are only applicable to search cable fault.Search instrument and look into heart yearn transmission one pulse signal to quilt, this signal wave is along heart yearn to terminal transmission, if run into change in the instantaneous impedance (as situations such as broken string, short circuit, swinging cross, ground connection time) midway, will produce the emission echoed signal, the time of returning according to this reflected signal, the velocity of propagation (be velocity of wave) of binding signal ripple in heart yearn, just can calculate out of order distance again, and its computing method are: velocity of wave be multiply by again divided by two apart from equaling the echo reflection time in the trouble spot.But the method is only applicable to low-impedance earthed system and the mix line fault of minority, and for most high resistance ground and swinging cross, because the lines impedance variation is little, the echo reflection signal is too little, is difficult to the location therefore can't distinguish.In addition, even if the low-impedance earthed system that minority can be surveyed or swinging cross, the method is just bigness scale also, the distance that it calculates is the length of cable, there is larger error with ground physical length, this is caused by factors such as cable laying factor and reserve levels, so the method is difficult to locate accurately the trouble spot.
The second---bridge method or parameter value method, the method also only are adapted to search cable fault.Measure heart yearn to resistance or the parameter of trouble spot with electric bridge or parameter list, then be scaled distance according to cable data.The method also is only applicable to use in the stable and situation about disturbing without other power supply of minority ground connection and swinging cross resistance, and for most high resistance grounds and the swinging cross resistance is extremely unstable and the earth has in the situation that interference current exists, often causes completing measurement.In addition, even can calculate distance by meter for minority quiet earth and swinging cross, it is also cable length, it is so-called bigness scale, with ground actual range, larger error is arranged, this is caused by factors such as cable laying factor and reserve levels, so the method is difficult to locate accurately the trouble spot.
The third---effluve audition method, this method also is only applicable to search cable fault.Send high-voltage pulse by high pressure generator in tested heart yearn, this high pressure warp bar insulation bad place disruptive discharge, can send strong discharging sound, receive the measuring electroacoustic wave with acoustic detecting apparatus, because electric wave speed is far longer than sound wave, receive like this between sound wave and electric wave to exist the regular hour poor, just can judge the trouble spot, sound wave and electric wave time are nearer, just illustrate that distance fault point is nearer.The method is only applicable to the ground connection of high voltage power cable and searching of swinging cross, can't use for low-voltage cable, may cause the damage of cable, even if for high-tension cable, due to the interference of outside noise and search the restriction of experience, also be difficult to accurately locate the trouble spot.
The 4th kind---the survey method is inserted on ground, and this method is applicable to search the trouble spot of underground cable or pipeline.Its interior metal part that causes because insulation course is damaged is to the earth defective insulation, search signal by transmitter to the metal core transmission one of defective insulation, itself and the earth are leaked through breaking point consist of the loop, around breaking point greatly in, centered by breaking point to the external diffusion electromagnetic field.When searching, along cable or pipeline path, insert piecemeal the earth with two contact rods, when entering leakage electric field when zone, can receive the signal of searching of leakage, this signal receiver of making a gift to someone is processed, can judge the leakage point place.Although this method can accurately be located the trouble spot, must constantly insert along cable whole piece path and survey, consuming time, effort, efficient are low.
The 5th kind---the tracking signal intensity method.By the search signal of transmitter to tested lines emission alternation, then bar along the line is followed the tracks of this signal by receiver, judges the trouble spot by the variation of comparison signal intensity.For example: transmitter is stronger to signal between the trouble spot, cross the trouble spot after intensity die-off.But because most transmitter all only has one or two frequency, and emitting voltage is lower, and emissive power is less, and can only directly be connected and signal effectively could be sent with cable or pipeline, sometimes because cable ground burying is dark, affect receiving intensity, be difficult to accurately locate the trouble spot.
The method of above-mentioned various trouble spots of searching electric wire, cable, pipeline is all comparatively single, especially working as the trouble spot is high resistance ground, or swinging cross and the unsettled fault of grounding resistance, or have in the situation of trouble spot of larger external interference, depend merely on a kind of method and be difficult to the effective location trouble spot.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, a kind of new equipment of searching cable, pipeline fault point is provided, this device has low-frequency ac, high-frequency ac, pulse, four kinds of test modes of impedance measurement, can be effectively to low-impedance earthed system and mix line fault accurately locate, to high resistance ground and the swinging cross resistance is unstable or have the trouble spot of larger external interference accurately to locate, and can measure the parameters such as the insulation impedance of cable and distributed capacitance, for test provides foundation.
The present invention is achieved in that
Device is searched in this trouble spot, mainly is comprised of transmitter and receiver, when cable or pipe head send a signal, moves towards receive signal with receiver along cable or pipeline when transmitter.
Transmitter mainly is comprised of control system, signal generating circuit, signal amplification circuit, gear switch circuit (exchanging or direct current output), pressure limiting circuit, power-sensing circuit, power conditioning circuitry, impedance measuring circuit, A/D sample circuit, keyboard and display device.Wherein, display device and keyboard are electrically connected to control system respectively; Control system and signal generating circuit are electrically connected to; Signal generating circuit and signal amplification circuit are electrically connected to; Signal amplification circuit and gear switch circuit are electrically connected to; The gear switch circuit is electrically connected to (or pressure limiting circuit is electrically connected to impedance measuring circuit) with impedance measuring circuit; Be electrically connected to successively between impedance measuring circuit, A/D sample circuit, control system; A/D sample circuit and power-sensing circuit are electrically connected to; Power-sensing circuit and power conditioning circuitry are electrically connected to; Power conditioning circuitry and control system are electrically connected to.
Said control system is single-chip microcomputer or ARM, FPGA controller.Mainly carry out the processing of sampled data, the driving of display device, the processing of data in the control that the scanning of keyboard and the Graphics Processing of the correlation parameters such as power, gear and signal produce, the control of power conditioning circuitry and A/D sample circuit.
Said signal generating circuit and signal amplification circuit are comprised of programmable digital power, signal generator, operational amplifier.Signal generating circuit can be the high-frequency signal of control system generation, through output after amplifying, after can being also the frequency generator generation by special use, exports after amplifying shaping; Signal amplification circuit is comprised of operational amplifier and high-frequency transformer, after signal passes through operational amplifier, then amplifies through high-frequency transformer, and the voltage that obtains peak value 55V is applied on cable or pipeline.
Described rectification multiple pressuring circuit is comprised of electric capacity and diode, and when control system detects the current DC mode that is output as, relay switch is to pressure limiting circuit.
Described power-sensing circuit is that whether the performance number of calculating current system according to P=VI meets the demands by the detection voltage and current.
Described power conditioning circuitry when control system detects that current power goes beyond the scope or during less than rated power, just comes control algorithm amplifier voltage by controlling adjustable voltage, thereby adjust output voltage, changes the output power size.
Described gear switch circuit, when control system detected the output AC of current setting or direct current order, pilot relay switched corresponding output mode;
Described impedance measuring circuit is to detect output voltage by electric resistance partial pressure, detects output current, calculates the resistance of tested cable or pipeline according to R=U/I.
Described A/D sample circuit adopts 14 or 16 A/D conversion devices, is mainly used to gather magnitude of voltage, current value, thereby calculates the impedance of current power and cable or pipeline.
Described display device is to show current duty by liquid crystal display, watt level, impedance magnitude, or current state and the watt level of LED light indication, gauge outfit indication impedance magnitude.
Described keyboard system mainly comprises switch, frequency switching key, gear switch button, button or mechanical key in the time of can sampling film.
The present invention has low-frequency ac test pattern, the high-frequency ac test pattern greater than 10kHz, impulsive measurement pattern, the four kinds of test modes of impedance measurement pattern less than 1kHz:
When selecting the low-frequency ac test pattern, produce frequency less than the sinusoidal signal of 1kHz;
When selecting the high-frequency ac test pattern, produce frequency greater than the sinusoidal signal of 10kHz;
When the strobe pulse measurement pattern, alternating voltage becomes direct current by electric capacity with diode rectification, and relay is pressed necessarily interrupted output signal often under the control of controller, form the pulse output waveform:
When selecting the impedance measurement pattern, relay switch is the direct current way of output, and operational amplifier provides the voltage signal of a degree of amplitude modulation, obtains a sampled voltage by electric resistance partial pressure and advances, and can test out the magnitude of voltage of output according to ratio relation.In the primary side of transformer, the sampling resistor of serial connection one particular value is tested this ohmically pressure drop, just can measure the current value that output terminal flows through, and calculates the resistance value of external cable or pipeline, thereby reaches the function of Impedance measurement.These four kinds of test modes, can effectively accurately locate low-impedance earthed system and mix line fault, can to high resistance ground and the swinging cross resistance be unstable or have the trouble spot of larger external interference accurately to locate, and can measure the parameters such as the insulation impedance of cable and distributed capacitance, for test provides foundation.
When searching cable or pipeline fault point with this device, this instrument is placed in the DC pulse shelves, boosted voltage makes output current click and enter ground through the cable cover(ing) fault, producing that a direct current has a meeting, an audience, etc. well under one's control around in the trouble spot is step voltage, measures the situation of change of current potential along cable trace by two detection prickers of receiver.When near the trouble spot, potential difference (PD) will increase sharply, and when the forward and backward point measurement in trouble spot, potential difference (PD) reaches maximal value; When equating directly over two electrodes are positioned at the trouble spot and apart from the trouble spot longitudinal separation, potential difference (PD) is zero, and indicator is designated as zero; After two electrodes are crossed the trouble spot, measure current potential by greatly progressively reduce and polarity opposite.
The principle of work of this device:
Because the resistance of cable or pipeline is equally distributed, so when applying a test signal on cable or pipeline, the device impedance of test cable or pipeline is automatically searched in this trouble spot, offer the user, adjust simultaneously output voltage and output impedance, make the impedance of output impedance and cable or pipeline approach or equate, can obtain best signal transmission effect on tested like this cable or pipeline.
Device is searched in the present invention's trouble spot, the circuit and the method that include four kinds of test modes, be low-frequency ac method of testing, high-frequency ac method of testing, pulse testing method, testing impedance method, adopt various test and corroborate each other, reach the purpose of the localization of faults reliably.During measurement, variation according to test cable or pipeline condition, select one or more modes in four kinds of test modes: when cable is disconnection fault, preferential low-frequency ac or the high-frequency ac pattern of adopting is according to the 5th kind of method of testing (tracking signal intensity method) the looking up the fault point of aforementioned conventional technology.When cable is during to the earth defective insulation, preferentially adopt pulsed output mode, according to the 4th kind of method of testing (the survey method is inserted on ground) the looking up the fault point of aforementioned conventional technology.Adopt the impedance measurement pattern, can measure the parameter of cable, for test provides foundation.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction block diagram of the transmitter of the present embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram that the signal of the present embodiment produces, amplifies and process;
Fig. 3 is the test signal timing waveform schematic diagram of the present embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the method for testing process flow diagram of the present embodiment.
Embodiment
The present embodiment is comprised of transmitter and receiver, and transmitter sends a signal at cable or pipe head, and receiver moves towards to receive signal along cable or pipeline.
Fig. 1 has provided the structural representation of the transmitter of the present embodiment.Mainly formed by control system (single-chip microcomputer), signal generating circuit, signal amplification circuit, gear switch circuit (exchanging or direct current output), power-sensing circuit, power conditioning circuitry, impedance measuring circuit, A/D sample circuit, keyboard, display device.Wherein, display device is connected with single-chip microcomputer; Keyboard is connected with control system; Single-chip microcomputer is connected with signal generating circuit; Signal generating circuit is connected with signal amplification circuit; Signal amplification circuit is connected with the gear switch circuit; The gear switch circuit is connected with impedance measuring circuit; Pressure limiting circuit is connected with impedance measuring circuit; Impedance measuring circuit and A/D sample circuit; The A/D sample circuit is connected with single-chip microcomputer; The A/D sample circuit is connected with power-sensing circuit; Power-sensing circuit is connected with power conditioning circuitry; Power conditioning circuitry is connected with single-chip microcomputer.
Described power-sensing circuit is that whether the performance number of calculating current system according to P=VI meets the demands by the detection voltage and current.
Described power conditioning circuitry when control system detects that current power goes beyond the scope or during less than rated power, just comes control algorithm amplifier voltage by controlling regulated power supply voltage, thereby adjust output voltage, changes the output power size.
Described gear switch circuit detects output AC or the direct current order of current setting, the output mode of pilot relay handoff response when control system;
Described impedance measuring circuit is to detect output voltage and output current by electric resistance partial pressure, calculates the resistance of tested cable or pipeline according to R=U/I.
Fig. 2 has provided the signal generation of the present embodiment, the schematic diagram that amplifies and process, and wherein U1 is controller, and U2 is programmable digital power, and U3 is signal generator, and U4 is operational amplifier.U1 control signal generator produces specific frequency, when selecting low-frequency ac, produces frequency less than the sinusoidal signal of 1kHz, referring to S1 in Fig. 3; When selecting high-frequency ac, produce frequency greater than the sinusoidal signal of 10kHz, referring to S2 in Fig. 3.U1 regulates programmable digital power U2 the voltage signal of a degree of amplitude modulation is provided to operational amplifier U4.Boost to transformer through capacitor C 2, switch output by relay K 1; At pulse mode, alternating voltage is rectified into direct current by capacitor C 3 and diode D1, D2, and relay K 1 is pressed necessarily interrupted output signal often under the control of controller U1, referring to S3 in Fig. 3, form the pulse output waveform.
When the impedance measurement pattern, relay K 1 switches to the direct current way of output, and operational amplifier U4 provides the voltage signal of a degree of amplitude modulation, obtains a sampled voltage by resistance R 2, R3 dividing potential drop and advances ADC, can test out the magnitude of voltage of output according to ratio relation.In the primary side of transformer, the sampling resistor R4 of serial connection one particular value tests this ohmically pressure drop, just can measure the current value that output terminal flows through, and calculates the resistance value of external cable or pipeline, thereby reaches the function of Impedance measurement.
Fig. 3 is the test signal timing waveform schematic diagram of the present embodiment.Wherein, in Fig. 3, S1 is the output signal timing waveform schematic diagram of low-frequency ac test pattern, S2 is the output signal timing waveform schematic diagram of high-frequency ac test pattern, S3 is the output signal timing waveform schematic diagram of pulse test pattern, and S4 is the output signal timing waveform schematic diagram of impedance measurement pattern.The test signal timing waveform principle that shows in figure has been done statement above-mentioned in to the explanation of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the method for testing process flow diagram of this enforcement.Wherein divide hand control and automation two kinds of diagnostic modes, if the user knows fault type, preferably select manual mode---can quickly signal be transmitted on cable or pipeline.The user and when not knowing fault type, select automatic mode, instrument enters the insulation parameter measurement pattern automatically, determine that at last fault is disconnection fault or defective insulation fault: when cable is disconnection fault, the user preferentially adopts low-frequency ac or high-frequency ac pattern, according to the 5th kind of method of testing (tracking signal intensity method) the looking up the fault point of aforementioned conventional technology; If when cable during to the earth defective insulation, user's preferential strobe pulse circuit test method or impedance circuit method of testing.
Claims (10)
1. device of searching cable or pipeline fault point, be made of transmitter and receiver, it is characterized in that: transmitter is comprised of gear switch circuit or pressure limiting circuit, power-sensing circuit, power conditioning circuitry, impedance measuring circuit, A/D sample circuit, keyboard and the display device of control system, signal generating circuit, signal amplification circuit, interchange or direct current output; Wherein, display device and keyboard are electrically connected to control system respectively; Control system and signal generating circuit are electrically connected to; Signal generating circuit and signal amplification circuit are electrically connected to; Signal amplification circuit and gear switch circuit are electrically connected to; Gear switch circuit or pressure limiting circuit are electrically connected to impedance measuring circuit; Impedance measuring circuit, A/D sample circuit, control system are electrically connected to successively; A/D sample circuit and power-sensing circuit are electrically connected to; Power-sensing circuit and power conditioning circuitry are electrically connected to; Power conditioning circuitry and control system are electrically connected to.
2. search according to claim 1 the device of cable or pipeline fault point, it is characterized in that: described control system is single-chip microcomputer or ARM, FPGA controller.
3. search according to claim 1 the device of cable or pipeline fault point, it is characterized in that: described said signal generating circuit and signal amplification circuit are comprised of programmable digital power, signal generator, operational amplifier; Signal amplification circuit is comprised of operational amplifier and high-frequency transformer, after signal passes through operational amplifier, then amplifies through high-frequency transformer, and the voltage that obtains peak value 55V is applied on cable or pipeline.
4. search according to claim 1 the device of cable or pipeline fault point, it is characterized in that: described rectification multiple pressuring circuit is comprised of electric capacity and diode.
5. search according to claim 1 the device of cable or pipeline fault point, it is characterized in that: described A/D sample circuit, adopt 14 or 16 A/D conversion devices.
6. search according to claim 1 the device of cable or pipeline fault point, it is characterized in that: described keyboard system, comprise switch, pattern switching key, gear switch button and definite button, button is sampling film key or mechanical key.
7. search according to claim 1 the device of cable or pipeline fault point, it is characterized in that: described display device can be to be shown by liquid crystal display, or the LED light indication.
8. search according to claim 1 the method for testing of the device of cable or pipeline fault point, it is characterized in that: this device has low-frequency ac test pattern, the high-frequency ac test pattern greater than 10kHz, impulsive measurement pattern, the four kinds of test modes of impedance measurement pattern less than 1kHz:
When selecting the low-frequency ac test pattern, produce frequency less than the sinusoidal signal of 1kHz;
When selecting the high-frequency ac test pattern, produce frequency greater than the sinusoidal signal of 10kHz;
When the strobe pulse measurement pattern, alternating voltage is rectified into direct current by electric capacity (C3) and diode (D1), and relay (K1) is pressed necessarily interrupted output signal often under the control of controller (U1), form the pulse output waveform:
When selecting the impedance measurement pattern, relay (K1) switches to the direct current way of output, operational amplifier (U4) provides the voltage signal of a degree of amplitude modulation, obtains a sampled voltage by electric resistance partial pressure and advances (ADC), can test out the magnitude of voltage of output according to ratio relation.In the primary side of transformer, the sampling resistor (R4) of serial connection one particular value is tested this ohmically pressure drop, just can measure the current value that output terminal flows through, and calculates the resistance value of external cable or pipeline, thereby reaches the function of Impedance measurement.
9. search according to claim 1 the method for cable or pipeline fault point, it is characterized in that:
1) described power-sensing circuit is that whether the performance number of calculating current system according to P=VI meets the demands by the detection voltage and current;
2) described power conditioning circuitry when control system detects that current power goes beyond the scope or during less than rated power, just comes control algorithm amplifier voltage by controlling regulated power supply voltage, thereby adjust output voltage, changes the output power size;
3) described gear switch circuit detects output AC or the direct current order of current setting, the output mode of pilot relay handoff response when control system;
4) described impedance measuring circuit is to detect output voltage and output current by electric resistance partial pressure, calculates the resistance of tested cable or pipeline according to R=U/I.
10. search according to claim 3 the method for cable or pipeline fault point, it is characterized in that: described signal generating circuit can be the high-frequency signal that control system produces, through output after amplifying, after can being also the frequency generator generation by special use, export after amplifying shaping;
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| CN2011104255504A CN103163422A (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Device for searching fault points of cable or pipeline |
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| CN2011104255504A CN103163422A (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2011-12-15 | Device for searching fault points of cable or pipeline |
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| CN106341196A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-01-18 | 苏州宝时得电动工具有限公司 | Breakpoint detection equipment and method |
| CN107229002A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-10-03 | 仲杏英 | Electric wire breaking point detection device |
| CN107271854A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-10-20 | 北京航天光华电子技术有限公司 | A kind of dual redundant equipotential cable net swinging cross test device and method of testing |
| CN108072849A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-25 | 广州勤正电力科技有限公司 | Insulation reduces trouble-shooting system |
| CN108120894A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-05 | 广州勤正电力科技有限公司 | Direct-current system loop trouble-shooting system |
| CN108693406A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-10-23 | 上海西门子医疗器械有限公司 | The high-voltage transmission cable impedance parameter computational methods and system of X-ray generator |
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Application publication date: 20130619 |