CN103159324A - Composite constructed wetland used for low pollution water purification treatment of farmlands and villages - Google Patents
Composite constructed wetland used for low pollution water purification treatment of farmlands and villages Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
一种用于农田及村落低污染水净化处理的复合人工湿地，包括沿水流方向顺序设置的浮水植物稳定塘、沉水植物氧化塘和挺水/湿生植物生态砾石床；浮水植物稳定塘内种植浮水植物，沉水植物氧化塘内种植沉水植物，挺水/湿生植物生态砾石床内种植挺水/湿生植物。本发明采用生态工程处理方式，运行成本低；对农田村落低污染水中总氮，总磷去除率分别可达到50％以上和60％以上。本发明在浮水植物稳定塘、沉水植物氧化塘和挺水/湿生植物生态砾石床中种植的浮水植物、沉水植物和挺水/湿生植物均为水生经济植物，可以产生经济效益，易于在农村地区推广。
A composite constructed wetland for low-pollution water purification in farmland and villages, including floating plant stabilization ponds, submerged plant oxidation ponds, and emergent/hygrophyte ecological gravel beds arranged in sequence along the water flow direction; floating plant stabilization ponds are planted Floating plants and submerged plants Submerged plants are planted in the oxidation pond, and emergent/hygrophytes are planted in the ecological gravel bed of emergent/hygrophytes. The invention adopts an ecological engineering treatment method, and has low operating cost; the removal rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in low-pollution water in farmland and villages can respectively reach more than 50% and more than 60%. In the present invention, the floating plants, submerged plants and emergent/hygrophytes planted in the floating plant stabilization pond, the submerged plant oxidation pond and the emergent/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed are all aquatic economic plants, which can produce economic benefits, Easy to roll out in rural areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environment protection, particularly relate to a kind of combined artificial wetland for farmland and village low-pollution water purifying treatment.
Background technology
Along with socioeconomic continuous fast development and environmental problem day by day serious, the processing rate of China's municipal effluent improves constantly, and environmental administration is also more and more stricter to the emission standard of sewage work.On the other hand, in the vast Rural areas of China, from the low-pollution water in farmland and face source, village have distribute wide and disperse not easy-to-use pipeline to collect after focus on, the water yield is large, fluctuation is strong, biodegradability is poor, Pollutant levels are low characteristics, can not adopt and process for the treatment technology of municipal effluent.China's cultivated area only accounts for the world 7%, but that the fertilizer application amount has accounted for is global 1/3rd, and utilization rate of fertilizer low (take nitrogenous fertilizer as example, utilization ratio only approximately 35%), and is very serious from the low-pollution water problem in farmland.In addition, pollution of area source problem in China village also is in the state that is difficult to administer substantially.The low-pollution water problem in face source, farmland and face source, village more and more becomes outstanding problem and the difficult point of China's water prevention and cure of pollution and the control of storehouse, lake eutrophication.
The ecological gravel bed patented technology is by Japan exploitation (Japanese patent laid-open 04-334594, Japanese Patent Laid-Open 2001-259669), it is the principle according to riverbed biomembrane purification river, the other gravel groove of building when process antiseepage of certain length and width processing in the river course, fill the gravel filling layer of certain depth, at the ecosystem of topsoil planting plants.River is introduced hand-stuff gravel bed and is processed, can make water and biomembranous contact area increase even hundreds of times (according to the thickness of gravel bed and different) of decades of times, under physics, chemistry, biological acting in conjunction, realize that by filtration, absorption, precipitation, ion-exchange, plant absorbing and microorganism decomposition etc. quality of river water purifies.This technical finesse water yield is large, effective, and there are the case history of processing river in Japan, Korea S and some American-European countries at present.
From processing the water yield and effect, this technology is suitable for village, farmland low-pollution water and administers.But this patented technology is mainly processed organic pollutant (BOD) and suspended substance (SS) in river.Different from river, farmland and village low-pollution water have inorganic SS content and the high characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus content, are directly processed to be easy to cause obstruction by ecological gravel bed, and very limited to the nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants treatment effect.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention, be the processing difficult problem for farmland and face source, village low-pollution water, provide a kind of by floating plant stabilization pond, submerged plant oxidation pond and the combined artificial wetland that is used for farmland and village low-pollution water purifying treatment that consists of of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed very.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of combined artificial wetland for farmland and village low-pollution water purifying treatment comprises floating plant stabilization pond, the submerged plant oxidation pond along the setting of water (flow) direction order and endures water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed; The front portion of described floating plant stabilization pond is provided with pump sump, and the rear end is provided with overflow weir, and the water outlet of described floating plant stabilization pond freely drops to the submerged plant oxidation pond through overflow weir; The described very front portion of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed is provided with into the water equalizing tank, and the rear portion is provided with the water outlet equalizing tank, and the water outlet of submerged plant oxidation pond flows into very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed body through described water inlet equalizing tank, then flows out through described water outlet equalizing tank; Plantation floating plant in described floating plant stabilization pond, the interior planting submerged plant of planting of described submerged plant oxidation pond, in described very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed, water/hygrophyte is endured in plantation.
Described floating plant stabilization pond, submerged plant oxidation pond and very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed be square or along the rectangle of water (flow) direction, long-width ratio is 3: 1 to 1: 1, its degree of depth is respectively 2-3m, 2-3m and 1-2m.
Described floating plant stabilization pond, submerged plant oxidation pond and very the Area Ratio of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed be 10: (30-40): (50-60).Adjust according to the water quality and quantity situation of low-pollution water.
Described floating plant stabilization pond, submerged plant oxidation pond and very the bottom of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed carry out antiseepage and process to roll clay or trinity mixture fill, the bottom of submerged plant oxidation pond re-lays one deck sandy loam, and described submerged plant planting is on sandy loam.
Described floating plant stabilization pond, submerged plant oxidation pond and very the body of wall of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed grouting free stone masonry, and do antiseepage with sand-cement slurry and process.
Isolate with perforated wall between the pump sump of described floating plant stabilization pond and floating plant stabilization pond body, the water of pump sump flows into floating plant stabilization pond body from perforated wall, current are distributed on whole water inlet section equably, thereby reduce as far as possible disturbance, promotion suspended substance precipitation to water in the floating plant stabilization pond.
The overflow weir of described floating plant stabilization pond is the spination overflow weir, and the water level discrepancy in elevation that the water outlet of this overflow weir control floating plant stabilization pond drops into the submerged plant oxidation pond is 10cm.
Be provided with the current connected entrance between the water inlet equalizing tank of described very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed and submerged plant oxidation pond, this current connected entrance is arranged on from 1m depths, earth's surface.
The water inlet equalizing tank of described very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed and water outlet equalizing tank communicate with perforated wall respectively with enduring between water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed body.This perforated wall makes the water in the water equalizing tank be distributed to equably on whole water inlet section, is conducive to reduce short circuit, improves removal of pollutants usefulness.
Described very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed body is under-filled, and thickness is arranged is the packing layer that nitrogen phosphorus is had inrichment of 80-170cm, is coated with on packing layer top the pedosphere that thickness is 20-30cm; Described very water or hygrophyte are planted on this pedosphere, and very the root system of water or hygrophyte plantation extends in packing layer downwards.
Be provided with separation net between described packing layer and pedosphere, the aperture of this separation net is 0.3-0.8cm.Stoping soil particle to enter into active matrix, and don't stop passing through of the root system of water very or hygrophyte and soil animal, empty G﹠W.
The water outlet equalizing tank of described very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed and the topmost perforation of the perforated wall between water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed body very are located at 10cm place below described separation net, the water outlet of water outlet equalizing tank is parallel with above-mentioned perforation, make the water surface of enduring in water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed be positioned at the following 10cm of packing layer upper surface place, be to exist not water-immersed packing layer part, thick 10cm under pedosphere.
The bottom of described water outlet equalizing tank is provided with the wash water pipe, and the inner of this wash water pipe is stretched into and endured in water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed, and it is external that the outer end is exposed to water outlet equalizing tank external wall, is exposed to an outer end with the shutoff of spiral plug.When needs clean the ecological gravel bed body, can open the spiral plug, drift is gone out.Therefore, the ecological gravel bed of this patent can be prevented and treated obstruction by routine cleaning, ensures the lasting stability operation.
Described floating plant comprises water shield, duckweed and/or floating heart; Described submerged plant comprises eel grass, watermifoil and/or edible seaweed flower; Described very water/hygrophyte comprises Chinese celery, peppermint, mater convolvulus and/or wild rice stem.
The filler of described packing layer by natural zeolite, calcite and activated alumina according to (7-9): (1-2): proportioning (0-1) is mixed and forms.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, at first village, farmland low-pollution water enters the floating plant stabilization pond, and low-pollution water is the flow velocity decrease in the floating plant stabilization pond, can effectively remove wherein most suspended substances and total phosphorus by settlement action.The biofilm system that the absorption of nitrogen phosphorus, floating plant root system and microorganism is consisted of by floating plant also can be removed nitrogen phosphorus and COD in low-pollution water to the Decomposition of organic pollutent.Another effect of floating plant is the breeding of controlling algae in stabilization pond, improves the transparency of water, thereby is conducive to the growth and breeding of submerged plant in the submerged plant oxidation pond.
2, in submerged plant oxidation pond of the present invention, except submerged plant further absorbs removal nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient in water, also create conditions for the denitrogenation of ecological gravel bed.Denitrogenation requires the existence of carbon source and nitric nitrogen.The present invention utilizes the submerged plant oxidation pond, replenishes active organic carbon by submerged plant and periphyton thereof in water, makes nitrifying process smooth by biological oxidation simultaneously.
3, ecological gravel bed of the present invention is due to the covering of table soil, be anaerobic condition in bed, denitrifier utilizes active organic carbon in the low-pollution water that the submerged plant oxidation pond discharges, and under anaerobic nitric nitrogen is converted into nitrogen or other nitrogenous gas and removes from water.The present invention is owing to filling the filler that nitrogen phosphorus is had inrichment in ecological gravel bed, can further remove nitrogen phosphorus by the adsorption cleaning effect on the one hand, can promote on the other hand the very growth of water/humidogene economic plants after the enrichment of nitrogen phosphorus, moreover adsorption stuffing has effectively improved compound wetland to the anti-shock loading of nutritive salt in low-pollution water.
4, low-pollution water is realized gravity flow in whole device, and relies on the natural purifying ability of combined artificial wetland fully, Non-energy-consumption, without the medicine consumption, operational management is easy, running cost is low.
5, the present invention due to the plantation economic plants, can produce obvious economic benefit, is easy to be received and promote by the user.In the present invention, the nutritive substance of plant derives from low-pollution water, and therefore device not only has decontamination effect improving to low-pollution water, and has realized the resource utilization of nutrition pollution substance in the low-pollution water.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, shown in figure: 101. floating plant stabilization ponds; 102. submerged plant oxidation pond; 103. endure water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed; 1. body of wall; 2. pump sump; 3. perforated wall; 4. water-in; 5. water level; 6. floating plant; 7. overflow weir; 8. submerged plant; 9. silty loam; 10. water inlet equalizing tank; 11. pedosphere; 12. endure water/hygrophyte; 13. separation net; 14. packing layer; 15. wash water pipe; 16. plug; 17. water outlet equalizing tank; 18. water outlet.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated, the present embodiment is implemented under take technical solution of the present invention as prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment comprises according to water (flow) direction: floating plant stabilization pond 101, submerged plant oxidation pond 102 and water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 very, floating plant stabilization pond 101 is positioned at inlet end, be connected with water-in 4 with pump sump 2, the water outlet of floating plant stabilization pond 101 is overflow weir 7, be connected with submerged plant oxidation pond 102, the water level discrepancy in elevation is 10cm between the two.Freely drop to submerged plant oxidation pond 102 through the water outlet after floating plant stabilization pond 101 through overflow weir 7, the water outlet of submerged plant oxidation pond 102 links with the water inlet equalizing tank 10 of enduring water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 again, low-pollution water is discharged through water outlet equalizing tank 17 through floating plant stabilization pond 101, submerged plant oxidation pond 102 with after very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 is processed.
Floating plant stabilization pond 101 in the present embodiment, submerged plant oxidation pond 102 and very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 be the rectangle along water (flow) direction, long-width ratio is 1.5: 1, its degree of depth is respectively 2.2m, 2m and 1.3m.
Floating plant stabilization pond 101 in the present embodiment, submerged plant oxidation pond 102 and very the Area Ratio of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 be 10: 35: 55.
Floating plant stabilization pond 101 in the present embodiment, submerged plant oxidation pond 102 and very the bottom of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 carry out antiseepage and process to roll clay, the bottom of submerged plant oxidation pond 102 recharges the thick sandy loam of 20cm 9, as support and the growth matrix of submerged plant root system.
Floating plant stabilization pond 101 in the present embodiment, submerged plant oxidation pond 102 and very the body of wall 1 of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 grouting free stone masonry, and process with the antiseepage that sand-cement slurry is done body of wall 1.
The pump sump 2 of the floating plant stabilization pond 101 in the present embodiment adopts perforated wall 3 forms to be connected with body, and current are distributed on whole water inlet section equably, thereby reduces as far as possible disturbance, promotion suspended substance precipitation to water in floating plant stabilization pond 101.
The water outlet overflow weir 7 of the floating plant stabilization pond 101 in the present embodiment is spination, is to build up spination, high 10cm on body of wall top.The water outlet of floating plant stabilization pond 101 drops in submerged plant oxidation pond 102, and the water level discrepancy in elevation is 10cm.
The very water inlet equalizing tank 10 of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 in the present embodiment is communicating with submerged plant oxidation pond 102 from 1m depths, earth's surface, and the water outlet of submerged plant oxidation pond 102 enters the very water inlet equalizing tank 10 of water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 through this passage.
The bottom of the submerged plant oxidation pond 102 in the present embodiment is covered with the thick sandy loam of 20cm 9, and plants planting submerged plant 8.
The water inlet equalizing tank 10 of the very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 in the present embodiment communicates with perforated wall with enduring between water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 bodies, this perforated wall makes the water in the water equalizing tank 10 be distributed to equably on whole water inlet section, be conducive to reduce short circuit, improve removal of pollutants usefulness.
In the bed body of the very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 in the present embodiment, filling thickness is the packing layer 14 that nitrogen phosphorus is had inrichment of 110cm, be the pedosphere 11 of 20cm at packing layer 14 top cladding thicknesses, 11 kinds of very water or hygrophytes 12 of planting well developed root system of pedosphere, very the root system of water or hygrophyte 12 stretches downwards, reaches in packing layer 14.
Filler 14 in the present invention is formed by natural zeolite, calcite and activated alumina proportioning.Its ratio is 8: 1.5: 0.5.
In the bed body of the very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 in the present embodiment, packing layer 14 and pedosphere 11 were opened with separation net (nylon wire) in 13 minutes, the aperture is 0.5cm, stoping soil particle to enter into active matrix, and don't stop passing through of the root system of water very or hygrophyte and soil animal, empty G﹠W.
In the bed body of the very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 in the present embodiment, the water surface is arranged among packing layer 14, namely has not water-immersed packing layer part, thick 10cm under pedosphere.
Be separated by with perforated wall between very water/hygrophyte ecological gravel bed 103 bodies in the present embodiment and water outlet equalizing tank 17.
The outside of the water outlet equalizing tank 17 in the present embodiment is provided with water outlet 18.
The bottom of the water outlet equalizing tank 17 in the present embodiment is provided with wash water pipe 15, wash water pipe 15 is across water outlet equalizing tank 17 bottoms, and an end stretches in ecological gravel bed 103 bodies, it is external that the other end is exposed to the external wall of water outlet equalizing tank 17, be exposed to outer one when holding level with both hands with 16 shutoff of spiral plug, when needs clean the ecological gravel bed body, can open spiral plug 16, drift is gone out.Therefore, the ecological gravel bed of this patent can be prevented and treated obstruction by routine cleaning, ensures the lasting stability operation.
Plantation water shield in floating plant stabilization pond in the present embodiment.
Plantation eel grass in submerged plant oxidation pond in the present embodiment.
Plantation wild rice stem in ecological gravel bed in the present embodiment.
The below provides a specific embodiment of the present invention: be positioned at the shangguan town, Dali city of Erhai buffer strip, be used for the purifying treatment of the compound low-pollution water in farmland and village.
As shown in Figure 1, the compound low-pollution water in farmland and village flows into pump sump 2, and enter floating plant stabilization pond 101 by perforated wall 3, current are distributed on whole water inlet section equably, thereby reduce as far as possible disturbance to water in floating plant stabilization pond 101, promote the precipitation of suspended substance in low-pollution water, remove the suspended substances such as a large amount of silts, and the phosphorus that wherein contains.The biofilm system that the absorption of nitrogen phosphorus in low-pollution water, water shield root system and microorganism is consisted of by water shield also can be removed nitrogen phosphorus and COD in low-pollution water to the Decomposition of organic pollutent.When entering floating plant stabilization pond 101 due to low-pollution water, concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus is still high, and another effect of water shield is the breeding of controlling algae in stabilization pond, improves the transparency of water, thereby is conducive to the growth and breeding of eel grass in submerged plant oxidation pond 102.
The water outlet of floating plant stabilization pond 101 is spination overflow weir 7, and spination overflow weir 7 is also the water-in of submerged plant oxidation pond 102 simultaneously.The whole wall transversal section that is arranged so that of spination overflow weir 7 is water-carrying section, cross water resistance little, and low-pollution water is leaked water in floating plant stabilization pond 101 and submerged plant oxidation pond 102 evenly.
In the submerged plant oxidation pond, nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient further absorbs removal in Vallisneria asiatica on Water, replenish active organic carbon by eel grass and periphyton thereof in water, the photosynthetic oxygen evolution effect of eel grass and periphyton thereof simultaneously makes in submerged plant oxidation pond 102 and is in the state of oxidation, making nitrogen transformation by biological oxidation is nitrated nitrogen, for the denitrogenation of ecological gravel bed 103 creates conditions.
The water inlet equalizing tank 10 of ecological gravel bed 103 communicates with submerged plant oxidation pond 102 from 1m depths, earth's surface, so submerged plant oxidation pond 102 is identical with the water level of ecological gravel bed 103.After the water outlet of submerged plant oxidation pond 102 enters the water inlet equalizing tank 10 of ecological gravel bed 103 through this passage, again by the perforated wall water distribution, make the water in the water equalizing tank 10 be distributed to equably on whole water inlet section, be conducive to reduce short circuit, improve removal of pollutants usefulness.
In the bed body of ecological gravel bed 103, covering due to pedosphere 11, be anaerobic condition in bed, denitrifier utilizes the active organic carbon in the low-pollution water of submerged plant oxidation pond 102 discharges, under anaerobic nitric nitrogen is converted into nitrogen or other nitrogenous gas and removes from water.Owing to having filled the packing layer 14 that natural zeolite/calcite/the activated alumina proportioning forms in ecological gravel bed, can further remove nitrogen phosphorus by the adsorption cleaning effect on the one hand, can promote on the other hand the very growth of water/humidogene economic plants 12 after the enrichment of nitrogen phosphorus, moreover adsorption stuffing has effectively improved compound wet land technique device to the anti-shock loading of nutritive salt in low-pollution water (especially ammonia nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus).
Because water shield, eel grass and the wild rice stem of planting are economic plants, can produce obvious economic benefit, and by constantly harvesting, also constantly nutritive salt be taken out of outside device.
Though the pedosphere 11 in 103 bodies of ecological gravel bed does not directly contact with low-pollution water, plays an important role in the purification of water quality process yet, is mainly manifested in: 1) support for wild rice stem provides growth; 2) whole device is played heat insulation effect, be conducive to the performance of effects of purification quality in winter; 3) oilysewage surface is covered, be conducive to view and improve.4) provide biological " source " for packing layer 14.
Through the detection of half a year, village, buffer strip farmland, Erhai low-pollution water total nitrogen 1.0-8.5mg/L before processing that the present embodiment is implemented, total phosphorus 0.1-0.3mg/L.By the operation of this device, the clearance of low-pollution water total nitrogen reaches 50-80%, and total tp removal rate can reach 70-90%.
Claims (15)
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