CN103155780A

CN103155780A - Peanut high-yield cultivation method in coastal heavy saline-alkali land

Info

Publication number: CN103155780A
Application number: CN2013101165295A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王建林; 李拴怀; 杨新民
Original assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date: 2013-04-06
Filing date: 2013-04-06
Publication date: 2013-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 2033-04-06
Also published as: CN103155780B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for peanuts in coastal heavy saline-alkali land. In coastal heavily saline-alkali land, a series of technical measures such as ditching and terraced fields, flood irrigation, increasing application of organic fertilizers, ridging, film mulching, seeding, and drip irrigation under mulch were adopted to achieve high yield of peanuts in coastal heavy saline-alkali land. The beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in: the groundwater level can be lowered by ditching terrace fields, the salt in the soil can be washed by flooding, the soil fertility and microbial community can be increased by increasing the application of organic fertilizers, and the , Drip irrigation under the film can further wash the salt on the ridge, reduce evaporation, and eliminate the surface aggregation of salt, so as to achieve high peanut yield in coastal heavy saline-alkali land.

Description

The heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore high yield cultivation method of peanut

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, specifically a kind of heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore high yield cultivation method of peanut.

Background technology

The saline land is huge potential resource, and developing the saline land is to bring more land under cultivation, and further develops one of important measures of agricultural production.Approximately there are 1,500,000,000 mu of various saline soil in China, accounts for 26.3% of world's saline soil area, and strand and saline land, hinterland area are larger, and most of saline land all is in state to be developed always.Particularly the heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore subterranean water level is high, soil salt is high, soil compaction, soil fertility is low, gas permeability is poor, is difficult to produce various economic crops.Peanut is the main oil crop of China and economic crops, along with the increase of population, and the increase of demand, the continuous decline of arable area, grain and oil are striven the ground contradiction, and how the production of development and utilization saline land development peanut has great importance.But emerge lowly due to saline land cultivation peanut, the peanut plant undergrowth after emerging is difficult to obtain high yield.At present still do not solve the technical barrier of saline land peanut cultivation, yet there are no disclosing of saline land cultivation peanut technical scheme.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore high yield cultivation method of peanut.Adopt the trench digging raised fields at heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore, basin irrigation, a series of technological means such as applying organic manure, ridging, overlay film, sowing, under-film drip irrigation, solve the problem that the heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore peanut cultivation is emerged difficulty, hypoevolutism, yielded poorly, realize heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore peanut high yield, high-quality, efficient.

The method of the invention comprises the following steps: the trench digging raised fields, basin irrigation, applying organic manure, ridging, overlay film, sowing, under-film drip irrigation.

The method of the invention comprises the following steps specifically:

(a) trench digging raised fields: every salt discharge ditch of 10-30 m excavation, furrow width 3-5 m makes raised fields top and bottom of trench relative relief reach 1.5-2 m with smooth heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore;

(b) basin irrigation: at raised fields face surrounding box dam, irrigate raised fields with fresh water, irrigation volume is depth of water 60-300 mm;

(c) applying organic manure: when the raised fields surface basin irrigation ooze under the moisture nature after, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure on the raised fields surface;

(d) ridging: rotary tillage after fertilising, ridging, the high 10-12 cm in ridge, ridge face width 55-60 cm;

(e) overlay film: in the time of ridging, adopt plastic film to cover the surface, ridge, and lay the irrigate band under film;

(f) sowing: in cultivation sowing season, adopt card punch to punch on the ridge, with peanut seeding to the ridge, every ridge planting 2 row, line space 30-35cm, after planting in time earthing seals planting hole;

(g) under-film drip irrigation: utilize the irrigate band row under-film drip irrigation of having laid within whole breeding time during the soil lack of water.

On the basis of technique scheme, adopt the field management pattern consistent with the traditional cultivation method.

Adopt the method for the invention, compare with traditional bare area cultivation method, simple covering cultivation method, traditional bare area cultivation method can not obtain output on heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore, than simple covering cultivation method volume increase 304.5%-328.0%.Cultivation method provided by the invention has been realized the efficient utilization of heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore and peanut high yield, high-quality, unified efficiently.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 basins irrigation field arrangement structural representation in period;

Fig. 2 is peanut growth phase field arrangement structural representation.

In figure: 1 is raised fields, and 2 are the salt discharge ditch, and 3 is box dam, and 4 is fresh water, and 5 are washing water in the salt discharge ditch, and 6 is the ridge, and 7 is plastic film, and 8 is the irrigate band, and 9 is the peanut seedling.

Embodiment

Further illustrate the present invention below by embodiment.

Embodiment 1:

(a) trench digging raised fields: every salt discharge ditch 2 of 15 m excavations, furrow width 3 m make raised fields 1 top and bottom of trench relative relief reach 1.5 m with smooth heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore;

(b) basin irrigation: at raised fields face surrounding box dam 3, irrigate raised fields 1 with fresh water 4, irrigation volume is 150 mm;

(c) applying organic manure: when raised fields 1 surface basin irrigation ooze under the moisture nature after, spread fertilizer over the fields well-rotted farmyard manure on raised fields 1 surface;

(d) ridging: rotary tillage after fertilising, ridging 6, high 10 cm in ridge, ridge face width 58 cm;

(e) overlay film: in the time of ridging, adopt plastic film 7 to cover 6 surfaces, ridge, and lay irrigate band 8 under film;

(f) sowing: on May 2nd, 2011, adopt card punch punch on ridge 6, with peanut seeding to ridge 6, every ridge planting 2 row, line space 30cm, after planting timely earthing seals planting hole;

(g) under-film drip irrigation: utilize during the soil lack of water irrigate band 8 of having laid to carry out under-film drip irrigation within whole breeding time.

Beneficial effect of the present invention can further embody by lower column data.

Table 1 adopts different culture technique heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore peanut emergence rates and output

Culture technique	Emergence rate (%)	Output (t/hm ²）
			Tradition bare area culture technique	0.0	0.00
Simple covering cultivation method	16.7	0.88
			Cultivation method of the present invention	97.2	3.56

Embodiment 2:

(a) trench digging raised fields: every salt discharge ditch 2 of 20 m excavations, furrow width 5 m make raised fields 1 top and bottom of trench relative relief reach 2 m with smooth heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore;

(b) basin irrigation: at raised fields face surrounding box dam 3, irrigate raised fields 1 with fresh water 4, irrigation volume is 200 mm;

(d) ridging: rotary tillage after fertilising, ridging 6, high 12 cm in ridge, ridge face width 60 cm;

(f) sowing: on May 4th, 2012, adopt card punch punch on ridge 6, with peanut seeding to ridge 6, every ridge planting 2 row, line space 32cm, after planting timely earthing seals planting hole;

Table 2 adopts different culture technique heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore peanut emergence rates and output

Culture technique	Emergence rate (%)	Output (t/hm ²）
			Tradition bare area culture technique	0.0	0.00
Simple covering cultivation method	20.2	0. 93
			Cultivation method of the present invention	98.8	3.98

By above data as can be known, adopt cultivation method of the present invention, can the utmost point significantly improve emergence rate and the output of peanut.Adopt traditional bare area culture technique almost can not obtain output at heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore cultivation peanut, adopt cultivation method of the present invention to increase production 304.5%-328.0% at heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore cultivation peanut than simple covering cultivation method.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in: can lowering of watertable by the trench digging raised fields, obtain drip washing by basining irrigation the salinity that can make in soil, can increase soil fertility and microbiologic population by applying organic manure, can make the further drip washing of salinity on the ridge, reduce evaporation, eliminate the poly-property of table of salinity by ridging, overlay film, under-film drip irrigation, thereby realize at heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore peanut high yield.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for peanuts in coastal heavy saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

(a) Ditching terrace fields: excavate a salt drainage ditch every 10-30 m in the flat coastal heavy saline-alkali land, the ditch width is 3-5 m, so that the relative height difference between the top of the terrace field and the bottom of the ditch reaches 1.5-2 m;

(b) Flood irrigation: dam around the surface of the terrace and irrigate the terrace with fresh water, the irrigation amount is 60-300 mm in water depth;

(c) Increase the application of organic fertilizer: when the surface of the terrace field is submerged and the water naturally infiltrates, spread the decomposed farmyard manure on the surface of the terrace field;

(d) Ridging: Rotary tillage and ridging after fertilization, the height of the ridge is 10-12 cm, and the width of the ridge is 55-60 cm;

(e) Mulching film: while the ridges are being formed, cover the surface of the ridges with a plastic film, and lay a drip irrigation belt under the film;

(f) Sowing: During the cultivation and sowing season, use a puncher to punch holes on the ridge, sow peanuts on the ridge, sow 2 rows per ridge, with a row spacing of 30-35cm, and cover the sowing holes in time after sowing;

(g) Under-film drip irrigation: During the entire growth period, when the soil is short of water, use the drip irrigation belt that has been laid to perform under-film drip irrigation.