CN103146945A - Self-lubricating electric contact material for micro-motor commutator - Google Patents
Self-lubricating electric contact material for micro-motor commutator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103146945A CN103146945A CN2013101053340A CN201310105334A CN103146945A CN 103146945 A CN103146945 A CN 103146945A CN 2013101053340 A CN2013101053340 A CN 2013101053340A CN 201310105334 A CN201310105334 A CN 201310105334A CN 103146945 A CN103146945 A CN 103146945A
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- Prior art keywords
- ti3sic2
- self
- contact material
- alloy
- commutator
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910009817 Ti3SiC2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003913 materials processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008698 shear stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-lubricating electric contact material for micro-motor commutators. The self-lubricating electric contact material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1%-2.0% of Ti3SiC2 particles, and 1%-30% of Cu; alloy which is one or more from Ni, Zn, Mg, Pd, La, Ce, Y and Sm, wherein the content of each added metal is 0.1%-3.0%, and the total content of the added metal is not greater than 6%; and the balance of Ag. According to the powder metallurgy method provided by the invention, Ti3SiC2 powder is added to Ag alloyto prepare the electric contact material. Because Ti3SiC2 has extremely low friction coefficient and good self-lubrication, the abrasion performance of the DC (direct current) micro-motor commutator is greatly improved and the service life of the motor is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alloy material, be specifically related to a kind of self-lubricating sliding contact material for processing direct current micromotor commutator.
Background technology
Along with the continuous progress of society and the progressively raising of people's living standard, family expenses small electric apparatus (as mobile phone, photographic camera, pick up camera, shaver, electric toothbrush, electronic toy, model plane etc.) becomes necessity for life gradually, and these family expenses small electric apparatus are driven by direct current micromotor.The key element of direct current micromotor---commutator is generally made by the Ag alloy, and the Ag alloy material of preparation commutator will have high conductivity, high thermal conductivity and oxidation-resistance, anti-electric-arc ablation and wear-resistant.
Pure Ag conductivity is good, but material is softer, and wear resistance is relatively poor.The AgCd alloy property is excellent, but because the toxicity of Cd is eliminated, the substitute is the multicomponent alloy material of the environmental protection such as AgCuNi, AgCuZnNi.The commutator made from the multicomponent alloy material of environmental protection in the electric machine rotation process with the brush plate sliding friction of power supply, realize conducting and the commutation of electric current.Be generally the C7701(CuNiZn alloy with the brush plate of commutator pairing), the stratiform composite strip made of MX215 (CuNiSn alloy) and MX96 (CuNiSn alloy) elastomeric material or the alloys such as these resilient materials and AgPd.
In the course of the work, the micromotor commutator of high speed rotating and the sliding friction between brush plate are a kind of unlubricated metal to-metal contact, and the wearing and tearing main manifestations under this dry friction condition is adhesive wear and abrasive wear.Generally, adhesive wear is even more serious.in micromotor high-speed rotation process, brush plate is to positive pressure of commutator, to keep the electric interface conduction good, because motor speed is very fast, arc erosion is arranged again between brush and commutator, the friction pair temperature progressively raises, make the small protrusion part that contacts on surface of friction produce seam, seam face is rotated again immediately the shear-stress that causes and tears, being sheared the lower commutator material major part of the intensity of getting off comes off with the form of abrasive dust, abrasive dust progressively is accumulated in the gap of the adjacent pole piece of commutator, finally cause the pole piece short circuit, make motor early failure, crash.The brush plate material also may have reverse wearing and tearing, but degree is relatively slight.Generally do not add lubricant (as the lubricating oil of routine) on the sliding contact surface of commutator and brush plate, adding lubricant can have a negative impact to electrical contact performance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of self-lubricating contact material for the micromotor commutator in order to overcome the deficiency of prior art existence.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of self-lubricating contact material for the micromotor commutator is characterized in that comprising the composition of following weight percent: 0.1%～2.0% Ti3SiC2 particulate; 1%～30% Cu; Alloying constituent also comprises one or more in Ni, Zn, Mg, Pd, La, Ce, Y, Sm, and the content of above-mentioned every kind of metallic element that adds is 0.1%～3.0%, and the total amount of the above-mentioned metallic element that adds is no more than 6%; Surplus is Ag; The present invention adopts the method for powder metallurgy the Ti3SiC2 powder to be added the contact material of making in the Ag alloy.
The purity of described Ti3SiC2 particulate 〉=98%, median size≤2.0 μ m.
The below is illustrated the effect of Ti3SiC2 powder.The Ti3SiC2 of laminate structure belongs to hexagonal system, and lattice parameter is a=0.30665nm, c=1.767nm.The CTi6 octahedron of rib is cut apart by the Si atomic shell that the parallelogram on plane distributes altogether, and each crystalline substance includes 2 Ti3SiC2 molecules.Ti-C is covalent bonds, and is stronger in conjunction with bonding force, and having brought up Ti3SiC2 has high-melting-point more than 3000 ℃.And the bonding force of Si atom and Ti-C-Ti-C-Ti chain a little less than, Ti layer and Si layer are easy to produce shearing slip under external force, make Ti3SiC2 have excellent self-lubricating property and extremely low frictional coefficient.For the commutator material that contains the Ti3SiC2 particulate, in the motor rotation friction process, the solid lubrication material Ti3SiC2 that wherein contains discharges, and enters in the frictional interface of metal, forms a kind of half border lubricating status.Shear the low solid lubricant Ti3SiC2 of drag and reduced frictional coefficient.Have report to claim, intermetallic frictional coefficient is generally between 0.5～1.0.And Ag base self-lubricating contact material frictional coefficient is many in 0.16～0.55 scope.On the other hand, the Ti3SiC2 solid lubricant is adsorbed on the surface of friction surface can greatly be reduced, and has reduced to a great extent the generation of adhesion abrasion.The conductivity of the reinforcing body lubricant Ti3SiC2 of institute is good, can not affect the current lead-through between brush plate and commutator.
Ti3SiC2 combines the advantage of metal and pottery, has excellent electroconductibility and thermal conductivity.Specific conductivity during room temperature is 4.5X106 Ω
-1.m
-1(be about pure Ti specific conductivity 2 times), thermal conductivity is 43w.m
-1.k
-1The etch of Ti3SiC2 acid and alkali-resistance, anti-oxidant, thermal shock resistance is good, also has good workability.These excellent performances are that direct current micromotor commutator material require possesses.
Added the alloys such as the AgCuNi of Ti3SiC2 particulate or AgCuZnNi not only to have the self-lubricating ability, reduce the wearing and tearing of commutator material, the effect that particulate is strengthened has also been played in adding of Ti3SiC2 particulate, intensity and the hardness of the alloys such as AgCuNi, AgCuZnNi are improved, have strengthened the alloy antiwear properties such as AgCuNi, AgCuZnNi.In material of the present invention, the weight percent content of Ti3SiC2 particulate is no more than 2%.The weight percent content of Ti3SiC2 particulate is too high, and the Ag alloy becomes fragile, and the materials processing mis-behave almost can't be produced required band.If the weight percent content of Ti3SiC2 particulate less than 0.1%, does not just have the effect that self-lubricating and particulate are strengthened.Simultaneously, the median size of Ti3SiC2 particulate≤2 μ m.Because the Ag alloy working lining thickness of the accurate composite strip of punching micromotor commutator generally only has 20～30 μ m, the particle diameter of Ti3SiC2 particulate is excessive, can affect the performance of working lining.When adding the Ti3SiC2 powder in the Ag alloy, need to take effective technological measure, the Ti3SiC2 particulate is evenly distributed in Ag alloy substrate tissue.
Material produce technical process of the present invention is:
1, the method for superfine Ti3SiC2 powder with powder metallurgy joined in the alloys such as AgCuNi or AgCuZnNi, make the AgCuNi or the AgCuZnNi alloy pig that contain the Ti3SiC2 particulate.
2, with the circulation technology flow process of above-mentioned alloy pig by annealing-rolling processing-annealing, be processed into the band that the direct current micromotor commutator uses specification; Perhaps being processed into stratiform composite strip blank uses.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is the method that adopts powder metallurgy, superfine Ti3SiC2 powder is joined in the Ag alloy materials such as AgCuNi of the prior art, AgCuZnNi, AgCuMg, AgCuNiCe the Ag base alloy material of the excellent property of producing.The dual excellent properties that has metal and pottery due to Ti3SiC2, make material of the present invention have high conductivity, high thermal conductivity and oxidation-resistance, can anti-electric-arc ablation, wear-resistant, particularly it has extremely low frictional coefficient and self lubricity, greatly improve the wear resistance of direct current micromotor commutator, can effectively extend motor work-ing life.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Material composition (wt%)
Cu 4.0
Ni 0.35
Ti3SiC2 0.30 (powder median size≤2.0 μ m, purity 〉=98%)
The Ag surplus
Material property
Resistivity 2.160 μ Ω cm
Density 10.32 g/cm
3
Embodiment 2
Material composition (wt%)
Cu 4.1
Ni 0.20
Ti3SiC2 0.76 (powder median size≤2.0 μ m, purity 〉=98%)
The Ag surplus
Material property
Resistivity 2.143 μ Ω cm
Density 10.20 g/cm
3
Embodiment 3
Material composition (wt%)
Cu 8.0
Ni 0.4
Ti3SiC2 0.35 (powder median size≤2.0 μ m, purity 〉=98%)
The Ag surplus
Material property
Resistivity 2.220 μ Ω cm
Density 10.24 g/cm
3
Embodiment 4
Material composition (wt%)
Cu 6.0
Ni 0.42
Zn 1.0
Ti3SiC2 0.4 (powder median size≤2.0 μ m, purity 〉=98%)
The Ag surplus
Material property
Resistivity 2.543 μ Ω cm
Density 10.23 g/cm
3
The endurance life test
1, press Ag alloy ingredient processing precious metal in above-described embodiment
Ag alloy ingredient table (wt) %
| Cu | Ni | Zn | Ti3SiC2 | Ag | |
| Embodiment 1 | 4.0 | 0.35 | 0.30 | Surplus | |
| Embodiment 2 | 4.1 | 0.20 | 0.76 | Surplus | |
| Embodiment 3 | 8.0 | 0.40 | 0.35 | Surplus | |
| Embodiment 4 | 6.0 | 0.42 | 1.0 | 0.4 | Surplus |
| Comparative example | 4.1 | 0.35 | Surplus |
2, the Ag alloy of above-mentioned composition is processed into band and preparation is processed into two layers of composite strip on Tu1 oxygen free copper base band.Ag alloy work bed thickness 0.03mm, band total thickness 0.25mm.
3, above-mentioned two layers of composite strip punching are become micromotor 3 utmost point commutators and be assembled into micromotor with AgPd30/BZn18-26 brush pairing.
4, test conditions: normal temperature, zero load, 4V, continuous operation.
5, long duration test the results are shown in following table.
| Hour | |
| Embodiment 1 | 1287 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1351 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1326 |
| Embodiment 4 | 1343 |
| Comparative example 1 | 826 |
Above-mentioned long duration test result shows, add appropriate solid lubricant Ti3SiC2 in AgCuNi and AgCuZnNi alloy after, make the Ag alloy have the self-lubricating ability, the Ag alloy working face of commutator and the coefficient of sliding friction between brush contact surface have been reduced, and the Ag alloy is strengthened, reduce the material abrasion, extended motor work-ing life.
Should be noted that at last; above content is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention; but not limiting the scope of the invention; the simple modification that those of ordinary skill in the art carries out technical scheme of the present invention or be equal to replacement does not all break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. self-lubricating contact material that is used for the micromotor commutator is characterized in that comprising the composition of following weight percent: 0.1%～2.0% Ti3SiC2 particulate; 1%～30% Cu; Alloying constituent also comprises one or more in Ni, Zn, Mg, Pd, La, Ce, Y, Sm, and the content of above-mentioned every kind of metallic element that adds is 0.1%～3.0%, and the total amount of the above-mentioned metallic element that adds is no more than 6%; Surplus is Ag; The present invention adopts the method for powder metallurgy the Ti3SiC2 powder to be added the contact material of making in the Ag alloy.
2. the self-lubricating contact material for the micromotor commutator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the purity of described Ti3SiC2 particulate 〉=98%, median size≤2.0 μ m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013101053340A CN103146945A (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2013-03-29 | Self-lubricating electric contact material for micro-motor commutator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013101053340A CN103146945A (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2013-03-29 | Self-lubricating electric contact material for micro-motor commutator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103146945A true CN103146945A (en) | 2013-06-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013101053340A Pending CN103146945A (en) | 2013-03-29 | 2013-03-29 | Self-lubricating electric contact material for micro-motor commutator |
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| Country | Link |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107177819A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-09-19 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of Ag MAX phases nano-composite plate and its deposition process |
| CN116174546A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-05-30 | 佛山高谱机械科技有限公司 | A thermal bending method for pipes based on the composite effect of conduction and self-lubrication |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1150861A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1997-05-28 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Sliding contact material, clad composite material, commutator employing said material and direct current motor employing said commutator |
| US6245166B1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2001-06-12 | Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd | Material for sliding contact, composite clad material, and small-sized direct current motor using the same |
| JP2001192752A (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-07-17 | Sony Corp | Metal material for electronic parts, electronic parts, electronic equipment, processing method of metal materials, and electronic optical parts |
| CN101217226A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 | Weak current sliding contact material |
| CN101246758A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2008-08-20 | 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 | Sliding electrical contact materials for weak currents |
| CN101343700A (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2009-01-14 | 倪树春 | Ag/Ti3SiC2 electric contact material and manufacturing process |
-
2013
- 2013-03-29 CN CN2013101053340A patent/CN103146945A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1150861A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1997-05-28 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Sliding contact material, clad composite material, commutator employing said material and direct current motor employing said commutator |
| US6245166B1 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2001-06-12 | Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd | Material for sliding contact, composite clad material, and small-sized direct current motor using the same |
| JP2001192752A (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-07-17 | Sony Corp | Metal material for electronic parts, electronic parts, electronic equipment, processing method of metal materials, and electronic optical parts |
| CN101217226A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 | Weak current sliding contact material |
| CN101246758A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2008-08-20 | 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 | Sliding electrical contact materials for weak currents |
| CN101343700A (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2009-01-14 | 倪树春 | Ag/Ti3SiC2 electric contact material and manufacturing process |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107177819A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-09-19 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of Ag MAX phases nano-composite plate and its deposition process |
| CN116174546A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-05-30 | 佛山高谱机械科技有限公司 | A thermal bending method for pipes based on the composite effect of conduction and self-lubrication |
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Application publication date: 20130612 |