CN103140226B - 用于治疗脊髓损伤的制剂 - Google Patents
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- CN103140226B CN103140226B CN201180048515.3A CN201180048515A CN103140226B CN 103140226 B CN103140226 B CN 103140226B CN 201180048515 A CN201180048515 A CN 201180048515A CN 103140226 B CN103140226 B CN 103140226B
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Abstract
本发明是包含用于抑制信号素3A的试剂作为活性成分的固体缓释制剂,其包含用于抑制信号素3A的试剂和药物可接受的难溶于水的固体物质,其中载体为硅酮。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供了用于局部治疗脊髓损伤的药物,其包含作为活性成分的后面描述的式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐,其具有抑制信号素3A的活性。即,本发明涉及使用生物相容性聚合物作为载体的固体控释制剂,其适用于植入脊髓损伤部位的附近,并且其能在治疗脊髓损伤所需的长时间内有效地将用于抑制信号素3A的试剂递送至损伤部位。详细地,能在邻近损伤脊髓的硬膜下腔中植入本发明的制剂并在神经再生所需的约一个月时间内有效地递送活性成分至损伤的部位以发挥活性成分的功效。
背景技术
神经元是生物体内的非典型细胞,其不具有分裂能力。因此,已知一旦神经元被损伤,神经功能很长时间不能恢复。特别在中枢神经系统如大脑和脊髓中,已知其中损伤的神经纤维几乎不再生。它被认为是由在中枢神经系统中存在的用于抑制神经生长的物质引起的。实际上,已经发现一些神经再生抑制因子,例如Nogo和MAG。此外,已经发现硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖具有相似作用。并且,信号素也是这类神经生长抑制因子之一。
信号素是内源性蛋白质,其被认为是能缩回神经生长锥并抑制轴突生长的因子。迄今为止,已经知道它的约20种分子种类。在它们之中,研究最多的是信号素3A(参见,非专利文献1和2),已知其具有用于抑制轴突生长并缩回生长锥的体外有效活性。该蛋白质在10 pM的低浓度下并在短时间内能诱导培养的神经元中的生长锥缩回。作为用于抑制信号素3A作用的化合物(即,信号素抑制剂),已知一类氧杂蒽酮化合物具有抑制信号素的作用并具有促进神经再生的作用(参见,专利文献1和2)。
专利文献1和2公开了由后面描述的式(1)化合物代表的氧杂蒽酮化合物,用于制备所述化合物的方法以及其用于抑制信号素的作用。然而,关于包含所述化合物的制剂,专利文献1仅描述了关于配制技术的一般说明,并且专利文献2仅在实施例4至7中公开了包含所述化合物的滴眼剂和眼用软膏剂,但既没有公开也没有建议用于治疗脊髓损伤的包含后面描述的式(1)化合物的任何实用制剂。
在为中枢神经系统的变性疾病的脊髓损伤中,由于脊髓中的中枢神经纤维被损伤,因此在多数情况下神经功能障碍不能被彻底恢复。由于发现上述神经生长抑制因子,因此进行了许多通过抑制这些因子的作用治疗脊髓损伤的研究。Kaneko等人发现在脊髓被损伤后在神经组织中出现了许多信号素3A,然后假定信号素3A抑制脊髓神经的再生。然后,它们制备了大鼠脊髓损伤模型,以持续方式向其鞘内给予上述信号素抑制剂,并监测运动功能的变化。结果,大鼠脊髓中的神经纤维使信号素抑制剂再伸长,由此运动功能也被恢复。该实验结果表明信号素抑制剂能为用于治疗脊髓损伤的有用试剂(例如,非专利文献3)。
认为神经生长的抑制因子在脊髓损伤中长时间连续起作用。因此,为了使用药物抑制这些因子的作用和促进神经纤维的伸长,必须连续长时间给予药物。并且,物质从血液运输至脊髓以及大脑受血脑屏障高度调节。因此,为了使药物化合物的作用在脊髓中足够有效,通常进行鞘内给药。
迄今为止,为了持续将信号素抑制剂给予脊髓腔,必须通过注射至脊髓腔重复给药,或者将导管的顶端放置在脊髓腔内然后通过导管持续给予信号素抑制剂的水溶液。然而,这些给药方法可能导致感染或损伤神经纤维,因此认为给予这种治疗的患者具有严重的身体负担。
作为解决问题的新方法,期望配制信号素抑制剂成为局部治疗用的缓释制剂的新技术减少给药频率、在靶标部位中保持必需的浓度以发挥药物作用并减少副作用。
对于可植入缓释制剂,已经积极研究/开发其中将聚合物材料用作药物用载体的技术,并且已经报道一些使用亲水聚合物胶原蛋白作为载体的蛋白质药物的缓释的试验(例如,非专利文献4)。胶原蛋白是适用于水溶性聚合物如蛋白质的缓释的生物相容性载体,但蛋白质的可释放期仅为约一周。对于低分子水溶性药物,其可释放期更短,因此胶原蛋白不适用于低分子药物的长时间缓释。
为了实现长时间缓释性质,亲水聚合物如胶原蛋白和多糖不适合作为载体,但疏水性聚合物是有用的。具有良好生物相容性的典型的疏水性聚合物包括硅酮。
NorplantTM是其中作为活性成分的粉状左炔诺孕酮被包封在圆柱形硅酮容器中的胶囊制剂,其特征在于持续体内释放左炔诺孕酮长达5年。并且,作为基质制剂的实例,CompudoseTM具有其中作为活性成分的雌二醇被分散在硅酮中的形式(例如,专利文献3)。
Norplant和Compudose中的活性成分都是亲脂性药物,能将其溶解/分散在为疏水性聚合物的硅酮中。因此,制剂表面上的药物散开至周围组织,然后以较高浓度包含在制剂内的药物由于制剂表面上亲脂性药物的浓度减小而通过扩散转移至制剂较低浓度的表面。因此,缓释成为可能。
然而,水溶性化合物如作为本发明活性成分的式(1)化合物几乎不溶于疏水性聚合物载体,并且在其中不自发扩散/释放。因此,认为与亲脂性药物完全不同的另一释放机制对于这类水溶性化合物是必要的。
用于释放水溶性药物离开疏水性聚合物载体的一般方法之一是从储库型制剂的孔中释放药物。此外,有其中将药物分散在载体中的另一释放机制,其中首先在周围组织中通过水洗脱出紧密接近制剂表面的药物颗粒,然后将邻近溶解颗粒的另一药物颗粒洗脱至表面,即相继重复所述现象以形成连续的水通道体系,并将药物分散在通道中同时释放药物。然后,在制剂内产生的渗透压差还能使制剂内部破裂以促进形成通道并且还能通过膨胀的挤压作用增加释放。因此,为了持续释放,载体中各个颗粒彼此邻近放置或在制剂内部产生渗透压差是必要的。因此,所述机制特征在于包含大于一定量的水溶性药物或水溶性添加剂。作为其实例,专利文献4公开了通过添加白蛋白控制药物释放离开硅酮载体的方法。
然而,这种水溶性药物的释放体系非常难于控制释放,即,通常其初始释放速率过快并且认为药物是爆发性释放,然后药物的释放量随时间减少如同一级释放曲线。终于,这样的释放体系难于长时间控制恒定和稳定释放。
有时对于患者有用的是初始释放速率快,但通常有一些问题,例如,由于如此迅速增加初始药物浓度可能发生副作用,或者药物释放随时间减少使得使用困难。特别地,当表面积较大时初始释放速率倾向于更快,因此,对于根据其重量表面积很大的小制剂或薄片状制剂,难于控制释放同时抑制突释。因此,对于这种释放体系,为了其目的难于尝试使制剂小型化或减小制剂的厚度。
专利文献5公开了以恒定速率使水溶性药物持续释放离开疏水性聚合物载体的技术,即柱状制剂其中仅使用外层包被包含水溶性药物的层的周围,所述外层能防水并控制内层的膨胀。然而,该技术的缺点是它不能使制剂小型化或配制薄膜产品。此外,其药物释放表面仅为未使用外层包被的横截表面,因此药物以高浓度集中在横截表面周围。因此,该技术不适用于均匀递送药物至期望区域。
专利文献6公开了能持续释放药物的敷料(dressing),其中亲水成分用作用于控制药物释放离开硅酮载体的成分。释放药物的机制是首先将亲水成分变成高渗状态,由此制剂膨胀,随后是硅酮聚合物的收缩以释放药物。然而,这种技术基本上不能实行因为当在体内使用所述制剂时制剂能在附近存在水的环境中膨胀然后制剂的体积可能严重增加以压缩周围组织。此外,这种制剂的释放速率快,因此预期释放仅为几小时至几天,即,不适用于长期缓释。此外,专利文献6教导优选的亲水成分为液体,并且最优选的亲水成分为甘油,并且还例示了一些液体成分如液体聚乙二醇,但这些成分抑制硅酮的成形/固化,因此在下述固体硅酮制剂中不适于包含这类成分。
此外,专利文献7公开了用于亲脂性药物的缓释制剂,其中水溶性物质分散在水不能渗透的生物相容性材料如硅酮中。
如上所述,为了将信号素3A抑制剂作为用于治疗脊髓损伤的药物进行临床实际使用,适当的递送技术是重要的。然而,仍未发现适用于式(1)化合物的局部给药的任何实用缓释制剂。
现有技术
[专利文献]
[专利文献1] WO 2002/009756
[专利文献2] WO 2005/053678
[专利文献3] JP 55-45694 A
[专利文献4] JP 62-174007 A
[专利文献5] JP 7-187994 A
[专利文献6] JP 3-151322 A
[专利文献7] WO 2000/015199
[非专利文献]
[非专利文献1] Cell,第75卷,p217,1993
[非专利文献2] Cell,第75卷,p1389,1993
[非专利文献3] Nature Medicine,第12卷,p1380,2006
[非专利文献4] Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,第31卷,p24,1998。
发明概述
(本发明待解决的问题)
本发明的目的是提供适用于脊髓损伤的局部治疗的有用和实用的包含信号素抑制剂作为活性成分的缓释制剂。
(解决问题的方法)
本发明人假设为了充分发挥为用于治疗脊髓损伤的信号素抑制剂的式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐的作用,必须保持化合物的有效浓度以抑制组织中的信号素3A达神经再生所需的很长一段时间。基于所述假设,本发明人进行广泛研究,然后发现包含疏水性聚合物作为载体和难溶于水的物质如低取代的羟丙基纤维素和胆固醇作为添加剂的式(1)化合物的制剂能使其释放化合物达2周或更多以实现对神经再生的充分作用。此外,本发明人还在制备用于临床治疗脊髓损伤的实用药物产品中取得了成功,其具有通过身体应激不损伤神经元的可植入形式。基于所述新发现,完成本发明。
本发明提供了下述各个实施方案的发明。
项1. 具有片状或棒状形状的固体缓释制剂,其包含式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐以及难溶于水的物质:
其中R1为氢原子或羧基,R2为氢原子或羟基,R3为氢原子或羧基并且R4为氢原子或羟基,
其中载体为生物相容性疏水性聚合物,
其中所述难溶于水的物质为低取代的羟丙基纤维素、部分预胶化淀粉、交聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基淀粉钠、羟丙基淀粉、肉豆蔻酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、糖精和/或胆固醇。
项2. 如项1所述的缓释制剂,其中所述难溶于水的物质为低取代的羟丙基纤维素、部分预胶化淀粉、交聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、肉豆蔻酸、糖精和/或胆固醇。
项3. 如项1所述的缓释制剂,其中所述难溶于水的物质为低取代的羟丙基纤维素和/或胆固醇。
项4. 如项1至3中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所述固体缓释制剂具有适用于放置在脊髓损伤部位的附近或放置在脊髓腔中的形状。
项5. 如项1至4中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所述生物相容性疏水性聚合物为硅酮。
项6. 如项1至5中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其中所述固体缓释制剂具有厚度为0.1至1.5 mm的片状形状。
项7. 如项1至6中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其中包含为按所述制剂总重量计的3至35重量%的难溶于水的物质。
项8. 如项1至7中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其包含为按所述制剂总重量计的55重量%或更多的硅酮。
项9. 如项1至8中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其还包含水溶性添加剂。
项10. 如项9所述的缓释制剂,其中所述水溶性添加剂为氯化钠、葡萄糖、甘露醇、乳糖、甘氨酸、胆酸钠、甘氨胆酸钠和/或去氧胆酸钠。
项11. 如项9所述的缓释制剂,其中所述水溶性添加剂为氯化钠和/或去氧胆酸钠。
项12. 如项11所述的缓释制剂,其中所述难溶于水的物质为低取代的羟丙基纤维素并且所述水溶性添加剂为氯化钠。
项13. 如项11所述的缓释制剂,其中所述难溶于水的物质为胆固醇并且所述水溶性添加剂为去氧胆酸钠。
项14. 如项11所述的缓释制剂,其中所述难溶于水的物质为胆固醇并且所述水溶性添加剂为氯化钠和去氧胆酸钠。
项15. 如项1至14中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其中
(i) 式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐,
(ii) 低取代的羟丙基纤维素、部分预胶化淀粉、交聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基淀粉钠、羟丙基淀粉、肉豆蔻酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、糖精或胆固醇,以及
(iii) 任选的水溶性添加剂
的总重量为按所述制剂总重量计的10%至40%,条件是式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐以及所述水溶性添加剂的总重量不大于按所述制剂的总重量计的35%。
项16. 如项1至15中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其基本上包含式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐、难溶于水的物质和任选的水溶性添加剂,并且其包含生物相容性疏水性聚合物作为载体。
项17. 如项1至16中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其中包含含量为3至350 μg/1 mg所述制剂的式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐。
项18. 如项1至17中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其为基质制剂。
项19. 如项1至18中任一项所述的缓释制剂,其中R1和R3为羧基且R2和R4为羟基。
项20. 使用项1至19中任一项所述的缓释制剂治疗脊髓损伤的方法。
项21. 如项20所述的方法,其结合另一方法用于治疗脊髓损伤。
项22. 如项20或21所述的方法,其进一步与康复结合。
附图简述
[图1] 示出测试例1的结果。
[图2] 示出测试例2的结果。
[图3] 示出测试例3的结果。
[图4] 示出测试例4的结果。
[图5] 示出测试例5的结果。
[图6] 示出测试例6的结果。
[图7] 示出测试例7的结果。
[图8] 示出测试例8的结果。
[图9] 示出测试例9的结果。
[图10] 示出测试例10的结果。
[图11] 示出测试例11的结果。
[图12] 示出测试例12的结果。
[图13] 示出测试例13的结果。
[图14] 示出测试例14的结果。
[图15] 示出测试例15的结果。
[图16] 示出测试例16的结果。
[图17] 示出在测试例17中暴露在T8(第8胸椎)下的大鼠的脊髓硬膜。
[图18] 示出其中插入片的测试例17中的脊髓。
[图19] 示出在测试例17结束时观察到的使用安慰剂治疗的脊髓。
[图20] 示出在测试例17结束时观察到的使用制剂5治疗的脊髓。
[图21] 示出在测试例17结束时观察到的使用制剂5治疗的脊髓横截面的显微镜照片。
[图22] 示出测试例18的结果。
[图23] 示出测试例19的脊髓的免疫组织化学的照片。
[图24] 示出测试例19的结果
[图25] 示出来自测试例19的免疫组织化学的定量结果。
[图26] 示出测试例19的脊髓的电子显微镜照片。
[图27] 示出测试例20的脊髓的免疫组织化学的照片。
[图28] 示出来自测试例20的免疫组织化学的定量结果。
[图29] 示出测试例21的结果。
实施方案的描述
本文使用的式(1)化合物为已知具有信号素3A抑制活性的水溶性药物。能基于专利文献1(参见,第42页至第47页,实施例1)和JP 2008-013530 A(参见,第26页至第27页,实施例3)制备包括用于下列实例的vinaxanthone(还称为“SPF-3059-5”,参见,下式)的式(1)化合物:
。
本文使用的难溶于水的固体物质包括医学/药物可接受的物质,其在室温下为固体并且在体内环境中(即,在中性pH和37℃下)微溶。具体地,难溶于水的固体物质包括例如,用作口服制剂的崩解剂的可膨胀聚合物(例如,低取代的羟丙基纤维素、部分预胶化淀粉、交聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、羧甲基淀粉钠和羟丙基淀粉);在室温下为固体的脂肪酸(例如,肉豆蔻酸、月桂酸和棕榈酸);糖精;以及胆固醇,它们可单独地或以混合物形式使用。本文使用的低取代的羟丙基纤维素包含5%至16%的羟丙氧基。难溶于水的物质优选为低取代的羟丙基纤维素、部分预胶化淀粉、交聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、肉豆蔻酸、糖精和/或胆固醇;并且最优选为低取代的羟丙基纤维素和/或胆固醇。胆固醇可连同帮助其溶解的物质(例如,胆汁盐)一起使用以实现更优选的效果。
本发明可包含水溶性添加剂以便例如,优化释放速率或稳定药物。只要它在室温下为固体并且为医学/药物可接受的,则本文使用的水溶性添加剂不受限制;并且优选包括含非伯胺的糖类、盐和胆汁盐。具体地,本文使用的糖类包括例如,葡萄糖、甘露醇、乳糖、海藻糖、蔗糖、赤藓糖醇、山梨醇和木糖醇;并且优选为葡萄糖、甘露醇和乳糖。本文使用的盐包括例如,氯化钠、氯化钾和氯化钙;并且优选为氯化钠。本文使用的胆汁盐包括例如,一级胆汁盐,如胆酸钠和鹅脱氧胆酸钠;二级胆汁盐如去氧胆酸钠和石胆酸钠;以及共轭胆汁盐,如甘氨胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠;并且优选为胆酸钠、去氧胆酸钠和甘氨胆酸钠。更优选地,水溶性添加剂为氯化钠和/或去氧胆酸钠。可将一种或几种不同类型的上述列举的水溶性添加剂包含在本发明的固体制剂中。
最优选的水溶性添加剂为去氧胆酸钠。
在将低取代的羟丙基纤维素用作难溶于水的物质的情况下,通过结合氯化钠作为水溶性添加剂能获得优异的控释。在将胆固醇用作难溶于水的物质的情况下,如上所述,优选结合帮助其溶解的物质。具体地,能将胆固醇优选与上述胆汁盐;更优选与胆酸钠、去氧胆酸钠或甘氨胆酸钠;并且最优选与去氧胆酸钠或去氧胆酸钠和氯化钠的混合物结合以获得优异的控释。在以组合形式使用去氧胆酸钠和氯化钠的情况下,去氧胆酸钠和氯化钠的总含量小于35%,优选为20%或更少;并且其比例不受特别限制并且能为任何比例。
作为水溶性添加剂的氯化钠对增加释放表现出优异效果,但其多余的量在制剂内部产生过大的渗透压差,因此可能导致制剂的显著膨胀。因此,优选保持氯化钠的量为10%或更少。
只要它为生物相容的,则用作载体的疏水性聚合物不受特别限制,并且优选包括不包含伯胺的载体。因为式(1)化合物,特别是vinaxanthone(还称为“SPF-3059-5”)容易与伯胺反应,而保持化合物在制剂内稳定以实现时间长达1个月或更多的缓释是重要的。在制备膜状制剂的情况下,优选地,制剂具有合适的强度和柔度。
可将疏水性聚合物大致分为非可生物降解聚合物和可生物降解聚合物,本文能使用其中任何一种,并且它们不应局限于下列实例。非可生物降解聚合物包括例如,硅酮和聚氨酯。可生物降解聚合物包括例如,聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚己内酯及其共聚物。
在疏水性聚合物之中,硅酮是更优选的载体。硅酮显示优异的生物相容性并且很长时间以来已被成功用作用于人造器官和医疗器械的材料。根据硅酮中诱导的硅氧烷键的聚合度和取代基,硅酮能以多种状态如油、凝胶、和橡胶存在。只要它是固体,则本文使用的硅酮不受特别限制,并且这种固体可通过固化油状或凝胶状硅酮进行制备。本文使用的硅酮可为例如,聚二甲基硅氧烷的SILASTIC Q7-4750(由Dow Corning Corp.制造)和MED-4750(由Nusil Corp.制造)。
本文使用的基质制剂是指其中粉末药物和/或添加剂被均匀分散在疏水性载体中的固体控释制剂。
本文使用的固体制剂的形状不受特别限制,只要所述形状适用于放置在脊髓损伤部位附近或放置在脊髓腔中。
本文使用的“可能放置在脊髓损伤部位附近或放置在脊髓腔中的形状”是指在放置后不压缩脊髓神经的形状,并且优选包括片状和圆柱形(即,棒状)形状。
用于局部治疗脊髓损伤的本制剂的给药方法包括将片状制剂插入至损伤部位附近的硬膜下空间,或将片状制剂连接至人造硬膜或通过手术放置片状制剂代替人造硬膜以保持损伤的局部部位的有效浓度;或通过手术将棒状制剂放置在脊髓腔空间如马尾中以保持脊髓液中的有效浓度。
在上述方法之中,片状制剂适用于以更直接的方式在损伤部位上起作用;并且为了避免压缩神经或可能以相似方式使用制剂作为人造硬膜,片状制剂具有优选为0.1 mm至1.5 mm,更优选为0.1 mm至1 mm,甚至更优选为0.23 mm至0.5 mm的厚度,并且当应用于人类时,最优选的厚度为0.3 mm至0.35 mm。片状制剂具有3 mm至90 mm的宽度和3 mm至140 mm的长度,使用时根据损伤部位的尺寸可将其切割。
此外,本文使用的棒状固体制剂为适用于放置在脊髓腔中的剂型;并且更特别地,它为具有0.3 mm至5 mm,更优选0.35 mm至3 mm的直径的圆柱形制剂,其适用于使用给药器械如留置针放置在马尾中。
在小规模的实验制备中,能在硅酮固化后使用例如卡尺测量本文使用的片状制剂的厚度或棒状制剂的直径,但硅酮具有弹性因此必须注意通过过度压缩硅酮没有收缩/变形。可使用例如,显微镜或超声测厚仪进行很少受压缩影响的测量。在制备过程中,能在硅酮固化(即,在成形之后立即)之前或在硅酮固化之后测量厚度/直径;但在固化之前,硅酮容易被压缩变形因此额外的注意是必需的。此外,还能基于用于成形的模具(例如,喷嘴、狭缝和滚筒)的尺寸和正常压力下的膨胀速率的初步计算通过预测最终产物的尺寸来制备制剂。
本文使用的“(制剂),其基本上包含式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐、难溶于水的物质和任选的水溶性添加剂,并且其包含生物相容性疏水性聚合物作为载体”是指包含上述组分作为主要组分的制剂,并且还可包含少量的一些附加组分,只要它们对本制剂的作用没有不利影响。所述“式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐、难溶于水的物质和任选的水溶性添加剂,并且其包含生物相容性疏水性聚合物作为载体”的总重量为按所述制剂总重量计的95重量%或更多,例如95重量%或更多,96重量%或更多,97重量%或更多,98重量%或更多,99重量%或更多和100重量%。除了上述组分之外,基本上没有本制剂必需的组分,但制剂可任选包含例如,制备时调整硅酮固化速率的试剂,调整制剂的强度和柔度的物质和通过X射线检查确定植入制剂的位置的不透射线标记物。本文使用的不透射线标记物包括例如,铂合金如铂、铂/铱和铂/镍以及钯合金。
不参照特定理论,认为难溶于水的物质由于下列原因而对控制水溶性药物从疏水性聚合物中释放有效。
如上所述,水溶性药物不溶于疏水性聚合物并且在其中不能自发扩散/释放;因此通过通道体系释放药物,其由从其表面溶解药物的顺序形成。在通道形成中,通常使用的水溶性添加剂迅速溶解并在制剂内形成相应于添加剂的颗粒体积的空隙,因此以连续方式突然形成大的通道。因此,释放显著加快并且制剂显示伴随短期释放的突释。另一方面,在制剂包含难溶于水的固体物质的情况下,由于溶解速率缓慢而未突然形成大的空隙。因此,溶解的添加剂区域充当递送合适量的水和水溶性药物的通路,因此它可能实现长时间的控释。
包含含量为安所述制剂总重量计的0.3至35重量%,优选为2至20重量%且更优选为8至15重量%的式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐。
包含含量为按所述制剂总重量计的55重量%或更多,优选为60至90重量%,更优选为65至85重量%且最优选70重量%的疏水性聚合物。
包含含量为按所述制剂总重量计的3至35重量%,优选为7至30重量%,更优选为7至25重量%的难溶于水的固体物质。此外,包含含量为按所述制剂总重量计的优选为7至30重量%且最优选12至25重量%的低取代的羟丙基纤维素。此外,包含含量为按所述制剂总重量计的优选为7至20重量%且最优选7.5至15重量%的胆固醇。具有上述含量的制剂能实现具有小的突释的长时间的优异释放。
包含含量为按所述制剂总重量计的小于35重量%,优选为20重量%或更少的任选的水溶性添加剂。
以粉末形式分散在载体中的式(1)的药物、难溶于水的固体物质和任选的水溶性添加剂的粒度可能对释放性质具有一些影响。因此,为了保持相同的质量,期望任选控制粒度在一定范围内;并且典型地,将粒度的上限控制至300 μm或更少,更优选200 μm或更少。
本制剂可用作用于通过抑制信号素3A实施的脊髓损伤的局部治疗的药物,并且结合用于治疗脊髓损伤的其它疗法还显示优异效果。例如,能将本制剂与使用神经保护剂;神经营养因子,如FGF-2(成纤维细胞生长因子-2)、NGF(神经生长因子)、BDNF(脑源性神经营养因子)和HGF(肝细胞生长因子)作为神经生长增强剂;NBQX(2,3-二氧代-6-硝基-1,2,3,4-四氢苯并[f]喹喔啉-7-磺酰胺);等的疗法结合;并且还能用于结合细胞移植。在组合使用信号素抑制剂和其它活性成分的情况下,可设计各个物质使得能在适当的时机(即,在适当的持续时间之后)释放它用于治疗。例如,期望用于神经保护的成分(例如,FGF-2和NBQX)的持续时间在开始时为几天,而用于神经再生的成分的持续时间为约1个月的更长时间。此外,本制剂的治疗没有导管相关性感染的危险,因此结合康复也显示优异效果。
能将使用本发明的缓释制剂治疗脊髓损伤与通常用于治疗患有脊髓损伤的患者的康复组合以便进一步改善神经功能的恢复。
实施例
在下文中,通过例示实施例和比较例以及其测试例更详细地说明本发明,但本发明的范围不局限于此。
(来源)
vinaxanthone粉末(如在上述[0035]的参考文献中描述的通过培养和纯化进行制备,或者可根据K. Tatsuta等人,Chemistry Letters,Vol.36, No.1(2007)进行化学合成)
L-HPC(Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)
乳糖(Shima Trading Company)
PBS(Takara Bio Inc.)
结晶氯化钠(Nacalai Tesque, Inc.)
胆固醇(Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.)
去氧胆酸钠一水合物(Nacalai Tesque, Inc.)
葡萄糖(Nacalai Tesque, Inc.)
D-甘露醇(Towa-Kasei Co., Ltd.)
PEG4000(Nacalai Tesque, Inc.)
CMC-Na(Nacalai Tesque, Inc.)
HPC(Nippon Soda Co., Ltd)。
实施例1
在研钵中将L-HPC(低取代的羟丙基纤维素)(90 mg)和vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg)混合以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制备的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂1。
测试例1
将在实施例1中制备的制剂1切割成5 mm × 7 mm的尺寸,放入磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)(1 mL)中,在37℃下保持,使用高效液相色谱(UFLC,由Shimadzu Corporation制造)检测从制剂中释放的vinaxanthone,并计算所述值以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图1中示出。
包含30%的L-HPC作为难溶于水的物质的本制剂显示小于5%的低的突释并在4周释放期内获得接近恒定量的缓释。
[表1]
片厚度 | Vinaxanthone | L-HPC | 其它添加剂 | |
制剂1 | 0.3 mm | 2 wt% | 30 wt% | 没有 |
实施例2
在研钵中向乳糖(45 mg)添加L-HPC(45 mg)然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg),并将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂2。
实施例3
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少,其中使用光学显微镜(相差显微镜BX-51-33-PHU-D, OLYMPAS)检测粒度。向上述获得的氯化钠(15 mg)添加L-HPC(75 mg)然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂3。
测试例2
将在实施例2和3中制备的各个制剂(参见,表2)切割成5 mm × 7 mm的尺寸,在PBS(1 mL)中在37℃下保持,使用高效液相色谱检测从制剂中释放的vinaxanthone,并计算所述值以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图2中示出。
制剂2和3包含L-HPC作为难溶于水的物质,并且还分别包含乳糖和NaCl作为水溶性添加剂。两种制剂显示小的突释,并在1个月释放期内获得优异的缓释。
[表2]
片厚度 | Vinaxanthone | L-HPC | 其它添加剂 | |
制剂2 | 0.3 mm | 2 wt% | 15 wt% | 乳糖 15 wt% |
制剂3 | 0.3 mm | 2 wt% | 25 wt% | NaCl 5 wt% |
实施例4
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(20 mg)添加L-HPC(100 mg)然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(40 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(170 mg)和硅酮B组分(170 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂4。
实施例5
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(30 mg)添加L-HPC(170 mg)然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(100 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(350 mg)和硅酮B组分(350 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂5。
测试例3
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在实施例4和5中制备的各个制剂(参见,表3)以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图3中示出。
其中vinaxanthone的量高于上述制剂1至3的制剂4和5获得优异的缓释达很长时间即56天。
[表3]
片厚度 | Vinaxanthone | L-HPC | 其它添加剂 | |
制剂4 | 0.3 mm | 8 wt% | 20 wt% | NaCl 4 wt% |
制剂5 | 0.3 mm | 10 wt% | 17 wt% | NaCl 3 wt% |
实施例6
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(12 mg)添加L-HPC(48 mg)然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(60 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(140 mg)和硅酮B组分(140 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂6。
实施例7
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(12 mg)添加L-HPC(28 mg)然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(80 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(140 mg)和硅酮B组分(140 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂7。
测试例4
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在实施例6和7中制备的各个制剂(参见,表4)以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图4中示出。
其中vinaxanthone的量不同于制剂5的制剂6和7获得优异的缓释达很长时间即40天或更多。
[表4]
片厚度 | Vinaxanthone | L-HPC | 其它添加剂 | |
制剂6 | 0.3 mm | 15 wt% | 12 wt% | NaCl 3 wt% |
制剂7 | 0.3 mm | 20 wt% | 7 wt% | NaCl 3 wt% |
实施例8
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(18 mg)添加L-HPC(102 mg)然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(60 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(210 mg)和硅酮B组分(210 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.23 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂8。
测试例5
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在实施例8中制备的制剂8以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图5中示出。
其中片状制剂的厚度(0.23 mm)比制剂1至7(0.3 mm)薄的制剂8获得优异的缓释达很长时间即40天或更多。
[表5]
片厚度 | Vinaxanthone | L-HPC | 其它添加剂 | |
制剂8 | 0.23 mm | 10 wt% | 17 wt% | NaCl 3 wt% |
实施例9
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(6 mg)添加去氧胆酸钠二水合物(17 mg)和胆固醇(17 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(20 mg),并在研钵中将四种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(70 mg)和硅酮B组分(70 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂9。
测试例6
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在实施例9中制备的制剂9以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图6中示出。
包含胆固醇作为难溶于水的物质并且还包含去氧胆酸钠(DC)和NaCl作为水溶性添加剂的本制剂获得优异的缓释达很长时间即40天或更多。
[表6]
。
实施例10
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(6 mg)添加去氧胆酸钠二水合物(15 mg)和胆固醇(15 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(20 mg),并在研钵中将四种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(70 mg)和硅酮B组分(70 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂10。
测试例7
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在实施例10中制备的制剂10以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图7中示出。
包含胆固醇作为难溶于水的物质并且还包含去氧胆酸钠(DC)和NaCl作为水溶性添加剂的本制剂获得优异的缓释达很长时间即1个月或更多。
[表7]
。
实施例11
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(16 mg)添加胆固醇(24 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(20 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(70 mg)和硅酮B组分(70 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂11。
实施例12
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(10 mg)添加胆固醇(30 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(20 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(70 mg)和硅酮B组分(70 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂12。
测试例8
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在实施例11和12中制备的各个制剂(参见,表8)以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图8中示出。
包含胆固醇作为难溶于水的物质并且还包含NaCl作为水溶性添加剂的制剂11和12获得优异的缓释达很长时间即2个月。
[表8]
。
实施例13
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(10 mg)添加L-HPC(50 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(20 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(85 mg)和硅酮B组分(85 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.5 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂13。
实施例14
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(15 mg)添加L-HPC(45 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(20 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(85 mg)和硅酮B组分(85 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.5 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生制剂14。
测试例9
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在实施例13和14中制备的各个制剂(参见,表9)以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图9中示出。
具有0.5 mm的厚度并包含L-HPC作为难溶于水的添加剂和NaCl作为水溶性添加剂的制剂13和14获得优异的缓释达很长时间即1个月或更多。
[表9]
片厚度 | Vinaxanthone | L-HPC | 其它添加剂 | |
制剂13 | 0.5 mm | 8 wt% | 20 wt% | NaCl 4 wt% |
制剂14 | 0.5 mm | 8 wt% | 18 wt% | NaCl 6 wt% |
实施例15
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(15 mg)添加L-HPC(85 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(50 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(175 mg)和硅酮B组分(175 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。将揉合产物放置进入紧凑Ram-型挤出机,通过直径为0.3 mm的模具挤出,然后在40℃下固化1天以产生直径为0.35 mm的棒状制剂。将棒状制剂切割以产生制剂15。
测试例10
将在实施例15中制备的制剂15切割成长度为7 mm,在PBS(1 mL)中在37℃下保持,使用高效液相色谱检测从制剂中释放的vinaxanthone,并且计算所述值以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图10中示出。
本制剂,其为包含L-HPC作为难溶于水的添加剂和NaCl作为水溶性添加剂的直径为0.35 mm的棒状制剂,获得优异的缓释达很长时间即1个月或更多。
[表10]
棒直径 | Vinaxanthone | L-HPC | 其它添加剂 | |
制剂15 | φ 0.35 mm | 10 wt% | 17 wt% | NaCl 3 wt% |
比较例1
使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(147 mg)和硅酮B组分(147 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg),并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂1。
测试例11
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在比较例1中制备的比较制剂1以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图11中示出。
包含2%的vinaxanthone而没有任何添加剂的比较制剂在4周内仅释放少量的vinaxanthone并且大多数vinaxanthone仍保留在制剂内。
[表11]
片厚度 | Vinaxanthone | 其它添加剂 | ||
比较制剂1 | 0.3 mm | 2 wt% | 没有 | 释放减少 |
比较例2
在研钵中将包含含量为53%或更多的羟丙氧基的水溶性HPC(75 mg)和vinaxanthone粉末(5 mg)混合以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(85 mg)和硅酮B组分(85 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂2。
测试例12
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在比较例2中制备的比较制剂2以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图12中示出。
包含2%的vinaxanthone并包含具有53%或更多的羟丙氧基的水溶性HPC作为添加剂的比较制剂通过第1天的突释释放60%或更多的药物并在此后没有观察到缓释。
相比之下,制剂1中包含的本发明的添加剂为低取代HPC,其为包含5%至16%的羟丙氧基的难溶于水的添加剂,并且制剂1获得小的突释,缓释1个月(参见,测试例1,图1)。
[表12]
。
比较例3
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(90 mg)添加vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg),并在研钵中将两种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂3。
比较例4
在研钵中将葡萄糖(90 mg)和vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg)混合以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂4。
比较例5
在研钵中将D-甘露醇(90 mg)和vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg)混合以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂5。
比较例6
在研钵中将PEG4000(90 mg)和vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg)混合以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂6。
测试例13
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在比较例3至6中制备的各个比较制剂(参见,表13)以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图13中示出。
这些比较制剂不包含难溶于水的添加剂,但相反它们各自包含不同的水溶性物质作为添加剂。包含PEG4000的比较制剂6具有大的突释。其它比较制剂具有相对小的突释,然而,仅显示短时间的药物释放。因此,所有比较制剂不能获得治疗脊髓损伤所需的长时间的缓释。
[表13]
。
比较例7
在研钵中将CMC-Na(羧甲基纤维素-钠)(90 mg)和vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg)混合以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂7。
比较例8
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(15 mg)添加CMC-Na(75 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂8。
比较例9
向乳糖(45 mg)添加CMC-Na(45 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(6 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(102 mg)和硅酮B组分(102 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂9。
测试例14
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在比较例7至9中制备的各个比较制剂(参见,表14)以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图14中示出。
这些比较制剂不包含难溶于水的物质,但包含CMC-Na作为水溶性添加剂。如图14清楚示出的,它们所有都显示突释,但观察到没有缓释。
[表14]
。
比较例10
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(6 mg)添加去氧胆酸钠(34 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(20 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(70 mg)和硅酮B组分(70 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割以产生比较制剂10。
测试例15
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在比较例10中制备的比较制剂10以测定累积药物释放百分比。结果在图15中示出。
不包含任何难溶于水的物质但包含去氧胆酸钠(DC)和NaCl作为水溶性添加剂的比较制剂显示短时间约1周的释放并且不能获得治疗脊髓损伤所需的长时间的缓释。
[表15]
。
因此,上面显示的实施例和比较例证实本发明的效果。特别地,脊髓损伤的治疗需要连续递送信号素抑制剂至少2周或更多,期望1个月或更多;并且上面显示的实施例和比较例证实可据此使用本制剂。
下面例示在使用本制剂治疗的动物中进行的一些试验以评价对脊髓损伤的治疗效果和在神经组织附近的毒性,其为对用于局部治疗的试剂的重要因素。
测试例16.大鼠完全脊髓横断模型中运动功能的恢复效果
使用眼科剪刀在第12胸椎(T12)处完全横断雌性Sprague Dawley大鼠(体重:200 g至250 g)的脊髓。将制剂5(其为厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂)切割成3 mm × 3 mm的尺寸并蛛网膜下放置在横断部位。作为对照,将不包含vinaxanthone的安慰剂片(即,除了vinaxanthone之外包含与制剂5相同内容物的制剂)(L-HPC 17%、氯化钠 3%、硅酮80%)切割成相同尺寸并放置。在手术后的1个月、2个月和3个月进行后肢的运动学分析。结果在图16中示出。与安慰剂组相比,在给予制剂5的组中观察到平均步伐长度(average step length)、最大长度和步伐循环面积(step cycle area)的显著恢复。结果有力地证实给予本发明含vinaxanthone的制剂是治疗脊髓损伤的有效方法。此外,用于药物-给予组和安慰剂组的动物数量分别为4只大鼠和5只大鼠。
测试例17.对神经组织的毒性
在将信号素抑制剂应用于脊髓损伤时,将包含药物的硅酮片放置在损伤部位。在该情况下,关注的是放置药物的表面周围的浓度可能长时间保持过高并且还关注的是制剂的接触可能对放置位置的组织表面具有物理作用。为了评价它们,将制剂放置在患有脊髓损伤的大鼠的硬膜下腔,并在此后研究脊髓表面。
本文测试的药物为制剂5和作为对照的安慰剂片(即,除了vinaxanthone之外包含与制剂5相同内容物的制剂)(L-HPC 17%、氯化钠 3%、硅酮80%),其中将它们二者冲压至直径为2 mm。将大鼠脊髓T8处的硬膜切片(参见,图17),并硬膜下插入测试片(参见,图18),已经预先将该测试片浸渍在PBS中2天以稳定药物释放并移动至T7周围。4天后,将大鼠灌注-固定并将脊髓抽出以使用显微镜观察位于片紧下方的脊髓组织。结果显示在安慰剂(参见,图19)或制剂5(参见,图20)的脊髓表面没有异常发现。此外,进行给予制剂5的大鼠的组织病理学检查,并在脊髓的背侧部中没有观察到退行性病变(参见,图21)。因此,结果表明通过给予本发明含vinaxanthone的制剂诱导直接不良反应的危险低。
测试例18.包含信号素抑制药物的硅酮-制剂对大鼠脊髓损伤模型中的康复的作用
将切割成尺寸为3 mm × 3 mm的制剂5(其为厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂)用于研究信号素抑制剂(即,vinaxanthone)对脊髓损伤模型中的康复治疗的效果。以与测试例16相同的方式,制备大鼠的脊髓损伤模型,并将制剂5放置在某些大鼠中同时将安慰剂片放置在其它大鼠中作为对照组。从手术后的1周,使用跑步机使治疗的大鼠康复3个月。跑步机康复与实际应用于患有脊髓损伤的患者的治疗相同。在手术后1个月、2个月和3个月进行后肢的运动学分析。结果在图22中示出。在仅用康复治疗的组中,在手术后2个月至3个月观察到平均步伐长度、最大长度和步伐循环面积的恢复。然而,在其中将给予制剂5与康复组合的组中,在更早即手术后1个月观察到平均步伐长度、最大步伐长度和步伐循环面积的显著恢复。结果证实本发明含vinaxanthone的制剂的给药缩短了在治疗脊髓损伤时表现出康复效果所需的时间。此外,用于药物-给予组和安慰剂组的动物数量分别为4只大鼠和2只大鼠。
测试例19.包含信号素抑制药物的硅酮制剂对脊髓神经再伸长的效果
进行试验以评价含信号素-抑制药物的硅酮制剂对损伤脊髓中的神经纤维是否具有再伸长作用。以与测试例16和18相同的方式,制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型,并将制剂5放置在相同的大鼠中,同时将安慰剂片放置在其它大鼠中作为对照组。在给予制剂5的大鼠中,与测试例18相似使它们中的一些康复3个月。在手术后3个月,将大鼠灌注-固定并将脊髓抽出。制备脊髓的冷冻切片,并使用抗GAP43抗体对切片进行免疫组织化学染色,所述GAP43为再生神经纤维的标识物。使用显微镜观察横切的部位。如图23所示,与对照组相比,仅给予药物(制剂5)的大鼠和给予药物并且还使用康复治疗(制剂5 + 康复)的大鼠的GAP43阳性纤维增加。使用计算机通过图像分析量化GAP43阳性纤维的量,并且药物-给予组显示在损伤部分(参见,图24)和朝向头或尾巴离损伤部分1 mm的部分(参见,图25)二者的显著增加。结果证实含信号素抑制药物的硅酮-片-制剂对损伤的脊髓中神经纤维具有再伸长作用。
此外,使用电子显微镜观察对照组和给予制剂5的组的再伸长的神经纤维。如图26所示,在对照组中仅有少数神经纤维具有髓鞘,而在给予制剂5的组中大量神经纤维具有髓鞘(如由图26中的箭头显示的)。结果证实在通过信号素-抑制硅酮-片再伸长的神经纤维中成熟也被加速。
此外,用于对照组、药物-给予组和与康复组合的药物-给予组的动物数量都为11只大鼠。
测试例20.包含信号素抑制药物的硅酮-片-制剂对增加血管生成的作用
对损伤组织的恢复重要的是在脊髓损伤后使血管再生。进行试验以评价含信号素抑制药物的硅酮-片-制剂是否增加损伤后脊髓中的血管生成。用抗RECA-1抗体对在测试例19中制备的冷冻切片进行免疫组织化学染色,所述RECA-1为血管内皮细胞的标识物。使用显微镜观察朝向尾巴离横切部位1 mm的部分。如图27所示,与对照组相比,仅给予药物(制剂5)的大鼠和给予药物并且还使用康复治疗(制剂5 + 康复)的大鼠的RECA-1阳性细胞增加。新生血管的直径大于成熟血管,因此使用计算机计算具有20 μm2或更多的面积的血管数。药物-给予组在所有下列4部分中显示显著增加:朝向头或尾巴离损伤部分1 mm或3 mm(参见,图28)。结果证实信号素-抑制硅酮-片-制剂增加了损伤后脊髓中的血管生成。
测试例21.通过结合患有脊髓损伤的大鼠模型中评价的康复增强包含信号素抑制药物的硅酮-片-制剂的作用的效果
将制剂5(其为厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂)切割成3 mm × 3 mm的尺寸。进行试验以研究康复对信号素抑制剂(即,vinaxanthone)作用的效果,其中康复和vinaxanthone 之间的关系与测试例18相反。以与测试例16相同的方式,制备大鼠的脊髓损伤模型,并将制剂5放置在相同的大鼠中,同时将安慰剂片放置在其它大鼠中作为对照组。将给予制剂5的组进一步分为2个组;并且从手术后1周,使用跑步机使一个组康复3个月。在手术后的1个月、2个月和3个月进行后肢的运动学分析。结果在图29中示出。结果显示通过结合制剂5增强了平均步伐长度、最大步伐长度和步伐循环面积的恢复。特别地,结果显示与对照组以及仅使用制剂5治疗的组相比,使用康复和制剂5治疗的组的步伐循环面积的恢复显著增强。此外,结果显示未清楚观察到仅使用制剂5治疗的组的平均步伐高度和最大步伐高度的恢复,但使用康复和制剂5治疗的组的平均步伐高度和最大步伐高度显著增强。因此,结果证实本发明含vinaxanthone的制剂的效果能通过将其给药与康复组合增强。此外,用于对照组、药物-给予组和与康复组合的药物-给予组的动物数量分别为11只大鼠、13只大鼠和11只大鼠。
实施例16
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(50 mg)添加部分预胶化淀粉(170 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(100 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(340 mg)和硅酮B组分(340 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割成5 mm × 7 mm的尺寸以产生制剂16。
实施例17
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(30 mg)添加交联羧甲基纤维素钠(70 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(100 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(400 mg)和硅酮B组分(400 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割成5 mm × 7 mm的尺寸以产生制剂17。
实施例18
在研钵中将结晶氯化钠磨碎以调整其颗粒直径为100 μm或更少。向上述获得的氯化钠(30 mg)添加交聚维酮(120 mg),然后添加vinaxanthone粉末(100 mg),并在研钵中将三种粉末都混合在一起以产生混合粉末。使用双滚筒将由Dow Corning制造的SILASTIC Q7-4750 硅酮A组分(375 mg)和硅酮B组分(375 mg)揉合在一起。在将上述硅酮揉合后,向其中迅速添加所有上述获得的混合粉末,并将混合物揉合。然后,使用双滚筒将揉合产物滚制成片状形状并在40℃下固化1天以产生厚度为0.3 mm的片状制剂。将片状制剂切割成5 mm × 7 mm的尺寸以产生制剂18。
测试例22
以与测试例1相同的方式测试在实施例16至18中制备的各个制剂(参见,表16)以测定累积药物释放百分比。
[表16]
。
Claims (16)
1.具有片状或棒状形状的固体缓释制剂,其包含式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐、难溶于水的物质、载体和任选的水溶性添加剂:
其中R1为氢原子或羧基,R2为氢原子或羟基,R3为氢原子或羧基并且R4为氢原子或羟基,
其中所述难溶于水的物质为低取代的羟丙基纤维素、部分预胶化淀粉、交聚维酮、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、羟丙基淀粉、肉豆蔻酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、糖精和/或胆固醇,
所述水溶性添加剂为氯化钠、葡萄糖、甘露醇、乳糖、甘氨酸、胆酸钠、甘氨胆酸钠和/或去氧胆酸钠,并且
所述载体为硅酮。
2.如权利要求1所述的缓释制剂,其中所述难溶于水的物质为低取代的羟丙基纤维素和/或胆固醇。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其中所述固体缓释制剂具有适用于放置在脊髓损伤部位的附近或放置在脊髓腔中的形状。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其中所述固体缓释制剂具有厚度为0.1至1.5 mm的片状形状。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其中包含按所述制剂总重量计为3至35重量%的所述难溶于水的物质。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其包含按所述制剂总重量计为55重量%或更多的硅酮。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其包含水溶性添加剂。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其不含水溶性添加剂。
9.如权利要求7所述的缓释制剂,其中所述水溶性添加剂为氯化钠和/或去氧胆酸钠。
10.如权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所述难溶于水的物质为低取代的羟丙基纤维素并且所述水溶性添加剂为氯化钠。
11.如权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所述难溶于水的物质为胆固醇并且所述水溶性添加剂为去氧胆酸钠。
12.如权利要求9所述的缓释制剂,其中所述难溶于水的物质为胆固醇并且所述水溶性添加剂为氯化钠和去氧胆酸钠。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其中
(i) 式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐,
(ii) 所述难溶于水的物质,以及
(iii) 任选的水溶性添加剂
的总重量为按所述制剂总重量计的10%至40%,条件是式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐以及所述水溶性添加剂的总重量不大于按所述制剂总重量计的35%。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其中每1 mg所述制剂包含3至350 μg的量的式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其为固体控释制剂,
其中,所述式(1)化合物或其药物可接受的盐、所述难溶于水的物质和所述任选的水溶性添加剂为粉末状态并且被均匀分散在硅酮中。
16.如权利要求1或2所述的缓释制剂,其中R1和R3为羧基,并且R2和R4为羟基。
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- 2011-08-04 JP JP2012527762A patent/JP5881606B2/ja active Active
- 2011-08-04 CA CA2807224A patent/CA2807224A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-08-04 CN CN201180048515.3A patent/CN103140226B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-08-04 WO PCT/JP2011/067838 patent/WO2012018069A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-08-04 EP EP11814694.3A patent/EP2601948A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
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WO2012018069A1 (ja) | 2012-02-09 |
JPWO2012018069A1 (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
US9040062B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
EP2601948A1 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
JP5881606B2 (ja) | 2016-03-09 |
CA2807224A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
US20130142848A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
EP2601948A4 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
CN103140226A (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
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