CN103134857A - Engineering structure crack damage monitoring and evaluation method utilizing Lamb wave reflected field - Google Patents
Engineering structure crack damage monitoring and evaluation method utilizing Lamb wave reflected field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种利用Lamb波反射场的工程结构裂纹损伤监测评估方法，步骤是：在待测结构上布置激励器，布置一组压电传感器组成线性传感阵列；在传感阵列中分别选择各压电传感器作为传感器，组建监测通道；分别采集各监测通道在结构健康状态下的Lamb波基准响应信号及结构损伤状态下的Lamb波响应信号；提取出对应通道下的损伤反射和散射信号，并根据所在传感器坐标位置，重建Lamb波损伤反射和散射信号在线性传感阵列上的能量场投影；根据能量场投影长度，以及基于Lamb波的反射的激励点-损伤-传感阵列之间的几何关系实现损伤长度的评估，从而分析、判定被监测结构的健康情况。此方法可实现对裂纹损伤的在线实时监测与定量评估，有助于结构健康监测的实用化。
The invention discloses a method for monitoring and evaluating crack damage of an engineering structure using a Lamb wave reflection field. Each piezoelectric sensor is used as a sensor to set up a monitoring channel; respectively collect the Lamb wave reference response signal of each monitoring channel under the structural health state and the Lamb wave response signal under the structural damage state; extract the damage reflection and scattering signals under the corresponding channel, And according to the coordinate position of the sensor, reconstruct the energy field projection of the Lamb wave damage reflection and scattering signal on the linear sensing array; according to the energy field projection length, and the excitation point-damage-sensing array based on the Lamb wave reflection The geometric relationship realizes the assessment of the damage length, thereby analyzing and judging the health condition of the monitored structure. This method can realize online real-time monitoring and quantitative evaluation of crack damage, which is helpful for the practical application of structural health monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Lamb of utilization wave reflection field and the engineering structure Crack Damage is carried out the method for monitoring and evaluation.
Background technology
Along with to the improving constantly of safety of structure, reliability requirement, the on-line monitoring of structural damage and diagnosis cause people's great attention day by day, for disaster or the loss that prevents that structural damage from bringing, must effectively monitor structure.Monitoring structural health conditions (SHM) has all obtained paying attention to widely and studying on Aero-Space, marine transportation, civil engineering due to having very high meaning aspect guarantee structural safety, reduction personnel and property damage.
In existing health monitoring technical research, due to the advantage such as responsive to microlesion, that propagation distance is far away, the Lamb wave technology is considered to one of technology of tool application prospect.Since the nineties in last century, through the years of researches accumulation, the health monitoring of Lamb ripple is processed, is damaged the many aspects such as location and imaging at sensor technology, monitor signal and obtained significant progress, yet, be subjected to impact and the restriction of the aspects such as the complicated propagation characteristic of Lamb ripple multimode and frequency dispersion and damage monitoring mechanism, evaluation studies achievement to damage is also more difficult, especially to assessment and the monitoring of Crack Damage.Crack Damage is a kind of typical damage form that occurs in metal construction, generally caused by fatigue, mostly be line style, because it is most advanced and sophisticated stressed larger, often expansion is very fast, if can not find in time that also dynamic monitoring goes out the spread scenarios of crackle, structure is fracture failure promptly, consequence will be very serious, often cause the personnel and the property loss that are difficult to estimate.Conventional non-destructive monitoring technology is subjected to the impact of the factors such as place, service condition, be difficult to realize on-line monitoring, and in currently used Active Lamb Wave Damage detection technology, in order to raise the efficiency, sensor array mostly is greatly thinned array, and each sensor location comparatively disperses, spatial resolution is also just very poor, generally can only monitor out existence and the position of damage, be difficult to length or scope that quantitative diagnosis goes out crackle, thereby be difficult to degree of impairment is made correct judgement.
Based on above consideration, the inventor studies for the appraisal procedure of Active Lamb Wave damage, and this case produces thus.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is to provide the engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring and assessing method of a kind of Lamb of utilization wave reflection field, and it can realize the on-line real time monitoring of Crack Damage and qualitative assessment are helped the practical of monitoring structural health conditions.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, solution of the present invention is:
A kind of engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring and assessing method that utilizes Lamb wave reflection field comprises the steps:
(1) treating on geodesic structure, according to the monitored area size, arranging driver A, the edge is parallel to one group of piezoelectric sensor composition linear sensing array of direction layout that Crack Damage maybe may occur Crack Damage, and driver and sensor array are in the same side of damage;
(2) select respectively each piezoelectric sensor S in sensor array
iAs sensor, set up monitoring channel A-S
i, i=1 wherein, 2,3 ...;
(3) gather the Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h of each monitoring channel under structural health conditions
i, i=1,2,3 ...;
(4) gather the Lamb wave response signal d of each monitoring channel under On Damage State
i, i=1,2,3 ...;
(5) according to Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h before and after each monitoring channel damage
iWith Lamb wave response signal d
i, extract damage reflection and scattered signal under respective channel, and according to sensor coordinates position, place, rebuild Lamb ripple damage reflection and the energy field projection of scattered signal on linear sensing array;
(6) damage the reconstruction energy field projected length of reflection and scattered signal according to aforementioned Lamb ripple, and the assessment that realizes damaged length based on the geometric relationship between the point of excitation of Lamb wave reflection-damage-sensor array, thereby analyze, judge the health condition of monitored structure.
The detailed step of above-mentioned steps (3) is:
(31) under structural health conditions, Lamb ripple ultrasonic action signal loading to driver A, is excited Lamb ripple signal in structure;
(32) choose successively each piezoelectric sensor S in sensor array
i, i=1 wherein, 2,3 ..., collect all the monitoring channel A-S under the A excitation
iUnder Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h
i
In above-mentioned steps (31), described pumping signal is narrow band signal, to inspire monotype as main Lamb wave structure response signal.
The detailed step of above-mentioned steps (4) is:
(41) when damage occurs structure, the described Lamb ripple of step (31) ultrasonic action signal loading on the sensors A as excitation, is excited Lamb ripple signal in structure;
(42) choose successively each piezoelectric sensor S in sensor array
i, i=1 wherein, 2,3 ..., collect all the monitoring channel A-S under the A excitation
iUnder Lamb wave response signal d
i
The detailed step of above-mentioned steps (5) is:
(51) with the Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h that obtains in step (3)
iWith the Lamb wave response signal d that obtains in step (4)
iSubtract each other, obtain corresponding difference signal j
i, i=1,2,3 ...;
(52) ask for difference signal j under all monitoring channels
iMiddle damage reflection and scattered signal peak value obtain the energy value p of the locational damage reflection of respective sensor and scattered signal
i
(53) in the sensor array position of each sensor as X-axis, the damage reflection that respective sensor collects and scattered signal energy p
iBe Y-axis, set up coordinate system, rebuild the energy field energy of reduction damage reflection and scattered signal.
The detailed step of above-mentioned steps (6) is:
(61) according to the difference signal j under monitoring channel
iThe travel-time t of middle damage reflection and scattered signal ripple bag
i, and the relative position of driver and sensor array, determine on perpendicular to damage and sensor array direction driver to damage and arrive sensor array apart from sum d;
(62) according to distance sum d and be activated to sensor array apart from d0, draw be damaged to sensor array apart from d1, and be damaged to driver apart from d2;
(63) according to the reconstruct energy field projection of Lamb ripple damage reflection and scattered signal, determine the projected length s of its energy field on sensor array
p, and the geometric relationship between point of excitation-damage-sensor array, calculate Crack Damage length s
dValue is d2/ (d1+d2) * s
p
After adopting such scheme, the present invention adopts the linear sensing array technology, on existing Lamb wave structure damage monitoring appointed condition basis, catch Lamb wave reflection and the distribution of scattered signal energy field that Crack Damage produces, and in the projection of respective sensor position reduction this energy field of reconstruct on linear array, and then by the geometric relationship between the energy projection on driver, crackle and linear array, realize the monitoring and evaluation of Crack Damage.
The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) method of the present invention can realize monitoring and the length assessment to Crack Damage, helps assessment and predicting residual useful life to the structural safety state, is conducive to the practical of Lamb wave structure health monitoring technology;
(2) method of the present invention can realize the dynamic monitoring of Crack Damage expansion is conducive to ensure safety of structure, avoids personnel and property loss;
(3) method of the present invention realizes simply need not change or increase equipment and parameter in implementation procedure, utilizes existing Lamb ripple damage monitoring hardware system just can realize.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a is that in the present invention, the Lamb ripple is propagated and the reflection schematic diagram;
Fig. 1 b is the geometric relationship schematic diagram between driver, crackle and sensor array in Fig. 1 a;
Fig. 2 is the schematic layout pattern of test specimen structure and driver and sensor array in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the waveform time-domain diagram of arrowband pumping signal in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is typical structure Lamb wave response signal waveforms under narrow band signal excitation shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 5 adopts damage reflection and scattered signal ripple bag Energy extraction figure in the inventive method;
Fig. 6 is damage reflection and the scattered signal energy field perspective view that adopts the inventive method reconstruct;
In figure: damage reflection and scattered signal energy reconstruct amplitude (point in curve) on ". " in curve expression sensor position.
Embodiment
The invention provides the engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring and assessing method of a kind of Lamb of utilization wave reflection field, its ultimate principle is: according to reflection and the scatter propagation principle of Lamb ripple at the Crack Damage place, when driver is distant, incoming signal reflects at the Crack Damage place with approximate parallel wave form, and follow end effect, in the scattered signal field of generation take end points as the center of circle, end points place, these signals have formed the Lamb wave reflection field relevant with crack length through stack.According to the communication process schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1 a, 1b, the distribution of mirror field and scope are relevant to crack length.Therefore, be parallel to placement sensor linear array on the direction of Crack Damage, gather Lamb wave reflection that Crack Damage produces and scattered signal field, the damage reflection and the scattered signal energy peak that on each sensing station, corresponding sensing point are obtained are reconstructed, can obtain Crack Damage reflection and the projection of scattered signal on sensor array, further according to the geometric relationship between driver-Crack Damage-reconstruct mirror field three, just can monitor and estimate the situation of Crack Damage.
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention and beneficial effect are elaborated:
At first need to prove, the pumping signal of the following stated refers to excite the signal form of Lamb ripple, and monitor signal refers to inspire in structure and the ripple signal propagated is used for realizing the monitoring to damage.Briefly, pumping signal is input, and monitor signal is the response of input, and the structural response signal is final output.
As shown in Figure 2, be test specimen and the piezoelectric-array layout of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein test specimen is aluminium sheet, is of a size of 800mm * 800mm * 2mm.
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) as shown in Figure 2, on aluminium sheet structure to be measured, set up rectangular coordinate system take test specimen plate central point as true origin, set the lesion center point be positioned at (0mm ,-152mm) locate, be parallel to the x axle, length is 140mm.Accordingly driver A is arranged at (0mm, 50mm) and locates, with (0mm,-2mm) centered by, be parallel on the straight line of x axle, arrange sensing point every 4mm, set up linear sensing array, sensing point quantity amounts to 54, and driver and sensor array are in the same side of damage;
According to monitoring principle figure shown in Figure 1, driver is respectively d0 and d2 to the vertical range of sensor array and damage, and sensor array is d1 to the spacing of damage, according to wave propagation and principle of reflection, when crack length is s
dThe time, the Lamb wave excitation signal that driver produces is at the signal of Crack Damage place's generation reflection and scattering, the s of projection width when propagating into sensor array
pWith crack length s
dBetween have a following geometric relationship:
Therefore, when monitoring out s
pThe time, the length that can calculate Crack Damage according to formula (1) is:
(2) select respectively each piezoelectric sensor S in sensor array
iAs sensor, set up monitoring channel A-S
i(i=1,2,3 ..., 54), amount to 54 groups of passages.
(3) gather the Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h of each monitoring channel under structural health conditions
i, i=1,2,3 ..., 54.
At first, selecting centre frequency as shown in Figure 3 is the narrow-band modulated of 200kHz, along being loaded on driver A perpendicular to the board plane direction, inspires with A in structure
0Pattern is main Lamb ripple monitor signal.
Choose successively each piezoelectric sensor S in sensor array
i, collect all the monitoring channel A-S under the A excitation
iUnder Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h
i, i=1 wherein, 2,3 ..., 54, in order to realize the synchronousness of each transducing signal, all adopting pumping signal as shown in Figure 3 in gatherer process is trigger pip.
(4) gather the Lamb wave response signal d of each monitoring channel under On Damage State
iWhen damage occured structure, the process of repeating step (3) collected under On Damage State, all the monitoring channel A-S under the A excitation
iUnder Lamb wave response signal d
i, i=1,2,3 ..., 54.
Typical Lamb wave response signal before and after structural damage as shown in Figure 4, with respect to direct-path signal, the propagation distance of damage reflection and scattered signal is far away, the signal wave bag comparatively independently appears in the middle of signal, is convenient to identification and extraction.
(5) contrast each monitoring channel damage front and back Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h that step (3) and (4) obtains
iWith Lamb wave response signal d
i, extract damage reflection and scattered signal j under respective channel
i, and Crack Damage reflection and the scattered signal ripple bag energy that wherein comprises extracted.Due to the damage reflection in the present embodiment and scattered signal ripple bag apparent in view, so the Energy extraction of this part signal can directly realize in the Lamb wave response signal under On Damage State.Adopted the Hilbert conversion to extract the envelope of response signal, take damage reflection and scattering wave bag envelope peak as energy value p
i, as shown in Figure 5, and according to its sensor coordinates position, place, rebuild Lamb ripple damage reflection and the energy field projection of scattered signal on linear sensing array, as shown in Figure 6.
Concrete implementation is:
(51) with the Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h that obtains in step (3)
iWith the Lamb wave response signal d under the structure current state that obtains in step (4)
iSubtract each other, obtain corresponding difference signal j
i, i=1,2,3 ...;
(52) ask for difference signal j under all monitoring channels
iMiddle damage reflection and scattered signal peak value obtain the energy value p of the locational damage reflection of respective sensor and scattered signal
i
(53) in the sensor array position of each sensor as X-axis, the damage reflection that respective sensor collects and scattered signal energy p
iBe Y-axis, set up coordinate system, rebuild the energy field energy of reduction damage reflection and scattered signal;
(6) according to point of excitation, damage and sensor array central point place linear relation, the damage reflection that obtains of sensor array center sensing point and the travel-time of scattered signal ripple bag as can be known, be monitor signal on perpendicular to the damage direction along travel-time of driver A-Crack Damage-sensor array, this value is 0.1257ms, again according to Lamb ripple signal velocity c=2800mm/ms, calculate driver-damage-sensor array apart from sum d=2800 * 0.1257=352mm, be pumping signal along arriving the travel-time of sensor array and the product of velocity of propagation perpendicular to Crack Damage,
According to distance value d and be activated to sensor array apart from d0=52mm, according to geometric relationship draw be damaged to sensor array apart from d1=(352-52)/2=150mm, and be damaged to driver apart from d2=d0+d1=52+150=202mm;
According to the reconstruct energy field projection of Lamb ripple shown in Figure 6 damage reflection and scattered signal (in figure empty wire frame representation drop shadow spread), take energy peak 40% as threshold value, determine the projected length s of its energy field on sensor array
p=244mm, and according to the geometric relationship between the point of excitation of describing suc as formula (1), (2)-damage-sensor array, calculate Crack Damage length s
dValue is d2/ (d1+d2) * s
p=140.2mm.This monitor value and actual value are substantially identical, and crack length monitoring result and actual value contrast are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Above embodiment only for explanation technological thought of the present invention, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this, every technological thought that proposes according to the present invention, and any change of doing on the technical scheme basis is within all falling into protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring and assessing method that utilizes Lamb wave reflection field, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) treating on geodesic structure, according to the monitored area size, arranging driver A, the edge is parallel to one group of piezoelectric sensor composition linear sensing array of direction layout that Crack Damage maybe may occur Crack Damage, and driver and this sensor array are in the same side of damage;
(2) select respectively each piezoelectric sensor S in sensor array
iAs sensor, set up monitoring channel A-S
i, i=1 wherein, 2,3,
(3) gather the Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h of each monitoring channel under structural health conditions
i, i=1,2,3 ...;
(4) gather the Lamb wave response signal d of each monitoring channel under On Damage State
i, i=1,2,3 ...;
(5) according to Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h before and after each monitoring channel damage
iWith Lamb wave response signal d
i, extract damage reflection and scattered signal under respective channel, and according to sensor coordinates position, place, rebuild Lamb ripple damage reflection and the energy field projection of scattered signal on linear sensing array;
(6) damage the reconstruction energy field projected length of reflection and scattered signal according to aforementioned Lamb ripple, and the assessment that realizes damaged length based on the geometric relationship between the point of excitation of Lamb wave reflection-damage-sensor array, thereby analyze, judge the health condition of monitored structure.
2. the engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring and assessing method that utilizes Lamb wave reflection field as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the detailed step of described step (3) is:
(31) under structural health conditions, Lamb ripple ultrasonic action signal loading to driver A, is excited Lamb ripple signal in structure;
(32) choose successively each piezoelectric sensor S in sensor array
i, i=1 wherein, 2,3 ..., collect all the monitoring channel A-S under the A excitation
iUnder Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h
i
3. the engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring and assessing method that utilizes Lamb wave reflection field as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step (31), described pumping signal is narrow band signal, to inspire monotype as main Lamb wave structure response signal.
4. the engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring and assessing method that utilizes Lamb wave reflection field as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the detailed step of described step (4) is:
(41) when damage occurs structure, the signal loading of Lamb ripple ultrasonic action described in step (31) on the sensors A as excitation, is excited Lamb ripple signal in structure;
(42) choose successively each piezoelectric sensor S in sensor array
i, i=1 wherein, 2,3 ..., collect all the monitoring channel A-S under the A excitation
iUnder Lamb wave response signal d
i
5. the engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring and assessing method that utilizes Lamb wave reflection field as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the detailed step of described step (5) is:
(51) with the Lamb ripple benchmark response signal h that obtains in step (3)
iWith the Lamb wave response signal d that obtains in step (4)
iSubtract each other, obtain corresponding difference signal j
i, i=1,2,3 ...;
(52) ask for difference signal j under all monitoring channels
iMiddle damage reflection and scattered signal peak value obtain the energy value p of the locational damage reflection of respective sensor and scattered signal
i
(53) in the sensor array position of each sensor as X-axis, the damage reflection that respective sensor collects and scattered signal energy p
iBe Y-axis, set up coordinate system, rebuild the energy field energy of reduction damage reflection and scattered signal.
6. the engineering structure Crack Damage monitoring and assessing method that utilizes Lamb wave reflection field as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the detailed step of described step (6) is:
(61) according to the difference signal j under monitoring channel
iThe travel-time t of middle damage reflection and scattered signal ripple bag
i, and the relative position of driver and sensor array, determine on perpendicular to damage and sensor array direction driver to damage and arrive sensor array apart from sum d;
(62) according to distance sum d and be activated to sensor array apart from d0, draw be damaged to sensor array apart from d1, and be damaged to driver apart from d2;
(63) according to the reconstruct energy field projection of Lamb ripple damage reflection and scattered signal, determine the projected length s of its energy field on sensor array
p, and the geometric relationship between point of excitation-damage-sensor array, calculate Crack Damage length s
dValue is d2/ (d1+d2) * s
p
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| CN105784853A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-07-20 | 苏州泛能电力科技有限公司 | Active monitoring and evaluating method for directional damage of engineering structure |
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