CN103133133B - A kind of hydraulic pressure and mechanical double-power output device - Google Patents
A kind of hydraulic pressure and mechanical double-power output device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于内燃发动机技术领域,涉及一种液压与机械双动力输出装置,气缸体顶端固定安装制有气缸盖;油底壳安装在下机体上;活塞通过活塞销与连杆铰接连杆与滑块槽的上半侧固定连接;滑块镶嵌安装在滑块槽内;滑块槽的下部设置有液压泵驱动机构;下机体的底面固定制有导向杆支架,导向杆支架上部固定安装制有导向杆;下机体的两侧对称布置有两个柱塞液压泵,柱塞液压泵上分别连接制有进油管路和出油管路;柱塞液压泵通过滑靴与液压泵驱动机构接触,滑靴传递液压泵驱动机构的作用力,驱动柱塞液压泵压缩燃油;曲柄销镶嵌在滑块中间,曲轴固定安装在气缸体内;其结构简单,原理可靠,能效高,节省成本,动力传递快,环境友好。
The invention belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines and relates to a hydraulic and mechanical dual power output device. A cylinder head is fixedly installed on the top of a cylinder block; an oil pan is installed on a lower body; The upper half of the groove is fixedly connected; the slider is inlaid and installed in the slider groove; the lower part of the slider groove is provided with a hydraulic pump driving mechanism; the bottom surface of the lower body is fixed with a guide rod bracket, and the upper part of the guide rod bracket is fixed and installed with a guide There are two plunger hydraulic pumps symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower body, and the plunger hydraulic pumps are respectively connected with an oil inlet pipeline and an oil outlet pipeline; the plunger hydraulic pump is in contact with the hydraulic pump driving mechanism through a sliding shoe, and the sliding shoe Transmits the force of the hydraulic pump driving mechanism to drive the plunger hydraulic pump to compress the fuel; the crank pin is embedded in the middle of the slider, and the crankshaft is fixedly installed in the cylinder body; its structure is simple, the principle is reliable, high energy efficiency, cost saving, fast power transmission, environmental protection friendly.
Description
技术领域:Technical field:
本发明属于内燃发动机技术领域,涉及一种多种能量相互转换的装置,特别是一种液压与机械双动力输出装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and relates to a device for mutual conversion of various energies, in particular to a hydraulic and mechanical dual power output device.
背景技术:Background technique:
液压自由活塞式发动机具有综合高效特征,但是液压自由活塞式发动机上止点不固定,着火稳定性差,输出动力单一,仅有液压动力,难以在需求液压和机械双动力机械中直接得到推广使用;其它类似形式的发动机虽然能解决自由活塞式发动机存在的上止点不固定、着火稳定性差问题,但难以同时满足液压和机械双动力需求的情况。因此,寻求设计一种能实现高效、可靠的液压/机械双动力输出装置具有很好的社会现实意义和经济价值。The hydraulic free-piston engine has comprehensive and high-efficiency features, but the top dead center of the hydraulic free-piston engine is not fixed, the ignition stability is poor, the output power is single, and there is only hydraulic power, so it is difficult to be directly promoted and used in the demand hydraulic and mechanical dual power machinery; Although other similar types of engines can solve the problems of unfixed top dead center and poor ignition stability in free-piston engines, they are difficult to meet the dual power requirements of hydraulic pressure and machinery simultaneously. Therefore, seeking to design a highly efficient and reliable hydraulic/mechanical dual power output device has good social practical significance and economic value.
发明内容:Invention content:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点,寻求设计提供一种使发动机连杆做往复运动的液压与机械双动力输出装置,利用液压自由活塞式发动机及相类似的发动机的优点,采用液压与机械双动力输出结构,针对双动力需求场合的综合应用,实现双动力的交换高效输出。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, seek to design and provide a hydraulic and mechanical dual power output device that makes the connecting rod of the engine reciprocate, utilize the advantages of the hydraulic free-piston engine and similar engines, and use the hydraulic With the mechanical dual power output structure, aiming at the comprehensive application of dual power demand occasions, it realizes the exchange and high-efficiency output of dual power.
为了实现上述目的,本发明的主体结构包括气缸盖、活塞、连杆、气缸体、滑块、曲柄销、滑块槽、下机体、柱塞液压泵、出油管路、进油管路、导向杆支架、油底壳、曲轴、液压泵驱动机构、滑靴和导向杆;气缸体顶端固定安装制有气缸盖;油底壳安装在下机体上,气缸盖、气缸体、下机体和油底壳组合构成上下封闭的机体组结构;活塞通过活塞销与连杆铰接,铰接后的连杆和活塞从气缸体的顶部穿入,连杆与滑块槽的上半侧固定连接;上下两个半侧固定组合构成的滑块镶嵌安装在滑块槽内并在滑块槽内作水平运动;滑块槽的下部设置有带斜面的液压泵驱动机构,用于驱动柱塞液压泵的工作,液压泵驱动机构与滑块槽的下半侧固定安装在一起作同步运动;下机体的底面固定制有导向杆支架,导向杆支架上部固定安装制有导向杆,导向杆的导向部分插入液压泵驱动机构内,对液压泵驱动机构实施导向作用;下机体的两侧对称布置有两个柱塞液压泵,柱塞液压泵上分别连接制有进油管路和出油管路,发动机由出油管路输出液压动力;柱塞液压泵通过滑靴与液压泵驱动机构接触形成驱动关系,滑靴传递液压泵驱动机构的作用力,驱动柱塞液压泵压缩燃油;曲柄销镶嵌在滑块中间,曲轴固定安装在气缸体内;气缸盖、活塞和气缸体形成燃烧室,燃烧产生的膨胀力通过连杆分两路传出,其中一路通过滑块、滑块槽、液压泵驱动机构、滑靴和柱塞液压泵输出液压动力,另一路通过滑块槽、滑块、曲柄销和曲轴输出机械动力;活塞下行冲程或吸气与做功冲程时,液压泵驱动机构推动柱塞液压泵压缩流体并输出液压能,活塞到达下止点时该过程结束;活塞上行冲程时,柱塞液压泵在柱塞弹力的作用下复位,柱塞液压泵处于进液行程,活塞到达上止点时该过程结束,发动机每转一圈柱塞液压泵完成一次做功循环。In order to achieve the above object, the main structure of the present invention includes cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, cylinder block, slider, crank pin, slider groove, lower body, plunger hydraulic pump, oil outlet pipeline, oil inlet pipeline, guide rod Bracket, oil pan, crankshaft, hydraulic pump drive mechanism, sliding shoes and guide rod; the cylinder head is fixedly installed on the top of the cylinder block; the oil pan is installed on the lower body, and the cylinder head, cylinder block, lower body and oil pan are combined It constitutes a body group structure closed up and down; the piston is hinged with the connecting rod through the piston pin, and the hinged connecting rod and piston penetrate from the top of the cylinder block, and the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the upper half of the slider groove; the upper and lower two halves The slider composed of a fixed combination is inlaid and installed in the slider groove and moves horizontally in the slider groove; the lower part of the slider groove is provided with a hydraulic pump driving mechanism with an inclined surface, which is used to drive the plunger hydraulic pump. The driving mechanism and the lower half of the slider groove are fixedly installed together for synchronous movement; the bottom surface of the lower body is fixed with a guide rod bracket, and the upper part of the guide rod bracket is fixedly installed with a guide rod, and the guide part of the guide rod is inserted into the hydraulic pump drive mechanism Inside, the driving mechanism of the hydraulic pump is guided; two plunger hydraulic pumps are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower body, and the plunger hydraulic pumps are respectively connected with an oil inlet pipeline and an oil outlet pipeline, and the engine outputs hydraulic pressure through the oil outlet pipeline. Power; the plunger hydraulic pump forms a driving relationship through the contact of the sliding shoe with the hydraulic pump driving mechanism, and the sliding shoe transmits the force of the hydraulic pump driving mechanism to drive the plunger hydraulic pump to compress fuel; the crank pin is embedded in the middle of the slider, and the crankshaft is fixed on the Cylinder body; the cylinder head, piston and cylinder block form a combustion chamber, and the expansion force generated by combustion is transmitted in two ways through the connecting rod, one of which passes through the slider, the slider groove, the hydraulic pump drive mechanism, the slider and the plunger hydraulic pump Output hydraulic power, and the other way outputs mechanical power through slider groove, slider, crank pin and crankshaft; when the piston goes down stroke or suction and power stroke, the hydraulic pump drive mechanism pushes the plunger hydraulic pump to compress the fluid and output hydraulic energy, the piston The process ends when the piston reaches the bottom dead center; when the piston is on an upward stroke, the plunger hydraulic pump resets under the action of the plunger's elastic force, and the plunger hydraulic pump is in the liquid inlet stroke, and the process ends when the piston reaches the top dead center. The plunger hydraulic pump completes a work cycle.
本发明安装时,先将活塞和连杆连接组合形成活塞连杆组件后从气缸体的顶部穿入;将滑块槽的上半侧从气缸体底部与连杆进行组合;将曲轴安装于气缸体的轴承座内;再将滑块和曲柄销组装后安装于滑块槽内;扣装带有液压泵驱动机构的滑块槽下半侧,完成曲轴与连杆的组合;然后安装下机体,将导向杆导向端插入液压泵驱动机构的导向孔内;固定导向杆于导向杆支架上,并将导向杆支架安装于下机体上;再安装柱塞液压泵,按照液压泵驱动机构与滑靴的配合关系要求,将柱塞液压泵对称安装于下机体的两侧,并连接对应的进油管路和出油管路;最后扣装油底壳,完成整个发动机的组合装配。When the present invention is installed, the piston and the connecting rod are connected and combined to form the piston connecting rod assembly and then penetrated from the top of the cylinder block; the upper half of the slider groove is combined with the connecting rod from the bottom of the cylinder block; the crankshaft is installed on the cylinder In the bearing seat of the body; then assemble the slider and the crank pin and install them in the slider groove; fasten the lower half of the slider groove with the hydraulic pump drive mechanism to complete the combination of the crankshaft and the connecting rod; then install the lower body , Insert the guide end of the guide rod into the guide hole of the hydraulic pump drive mechanism; fix the guide rod on the guide rod bracket, and install the guide rod bracket on the lower body; then install the plunger hydraulic pump, according to the hydraulic pump drive mechanism and slide According to the matching relationship requirements of the boots, the plunger hydraulic pump is symmetrically installed on both sides of the lower body, and the corresponding oil inlet and outlet pipelines are connected; finally, the oil pan is fastened to complete the combined assembly of the entire engine.
本发明按功能结构包括机体组、曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、供给系、冷却系、润滑系、起动系和液压系统;机体组包括气缸盖、气缸体、下机体和油底壳,是本发动机的支架与曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、发动机各系统主要零部件的装配基体,也是联系各系统的连接体;曲柄连杆机构包括活塞、连杆、滑块、曲柄销、滑块槽和曲轴,把燃气作用在活塞顶上的动力转变为曲轴的转矩,由曲轴端向工作机械输出机械动力,同时驱动柱塞液压泵,由液压系统输出液压动力;配气机构与常规发动机的配气机构的结构和功能相同,按照发动机的工作循环要求,定时开闭进排气门,实现气缸的换气过程;供给系与常规发动机的供给系具有相同的结构和功能,按照发动机的不同工况要求,配制一定数量和浓度的可燃混合气,使混合气燃烧膨胀做功,并将燃烧后废气排出机体;冷却系与常规发动机相同,使发动机在所有工况下都保持在适当温度范围内;润滑系与常规发动机相似,其油底壳较常规发动机容积稍大;在发动机工作时,连续不断的把数量足够的清洁润滑油输送到全部摩擦表面,达到提高发动机的工作可靠性和耐久性之功效;起动系与常规发动机相同,通过起动机带动发动机从静止状态进入工作状态;液压系统是本发动机的关键系统,液压系统使发动机能够以机械和液压两种动力同时输出,液压系统包括柱塞液压泵、出油管路、进油管路、导向杆支架、液压泵驱动机构、滑靴和导向杆;其作用是把燃气作用在活塞顶上的力在机内直接转变成液压动力输出,以提高发动机的能量转换效率。According to the functional structure, the present invention includes a body group, a crank-link mechanism, a gas distribution mechanism, a supply system, a cooling system, a lubrication system, a starting system and a hydraulic system; the body group includes a cylinder head, a cylinder block, a lower body and an oil pan, which is The bracket of the engine, the crank connecting rod mechanism, the gas distribution mechanism, and the assembly base of the main parts of the engine system are also the connecting body connecting the various systems; the crank connecting rod mechanism includes pistons, connecting rods, sliders, crank pins, and sliders. The groove and the crankshaft convert the power of the gas acting on the top of the piston into the torque of the crankshaft, and the mechanical power is output from the end of the crankshaft to the working machine, while driving the plunger hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic power is output by the hydraulic system; the valve mechanism and the conventional engine The structure and function of the valve mechanism are the same. According to the working cycle requirements of the engine, the intake and exhaust valves are opened and closed at regular intervals to realize the ventilation process of the cylinder; the supply system has the same structure and function as that of the conventional engine. According to the requirements of different working conditions, prepare a certain amount and concentration of combustible mixture, so that the mixture will burn and expand to do work, and the exhaust gas after combustion will be discharged from the body; the cooling system is the same as that of conventional engines, so that the engine can be kept in an appropriate temperature range under all working conditions Internal; the lubrication system is similar to conventional engines, and its oil pan has a slightly larger volume than conventional engines; when the engine is working, a sufficient amount of clean lubricating oil is continuously delivered to all friction surfaces to improve the working reliability and durability of the engine The effect of nature; the starting system is the same as that of a conventional engine, and the engine is driven from a static state to a working state through the starter; the hydraulic system is the key system of the engine, and the hydraulic system enables the engine to output both mechanical and hydraulic power at the same time. The hydraulic system includes Plunger hydraulic pump, oil outlet pipeline, oil inlet pipeline, guide rod bracket, hydraulic pump drive mechanism, sliding shoe and guide rod; its function is to directly convert the force of gas acting on the top of the piston into hydraulic power output in the machine, To improve the energy conversion efficiency of the engine.
本发明实现液压与机械双动力输出的工作过程是:当活塞在上止点(曲轴转角定义为0℃A)时,滑块在滑块槽的中间位置,液压泵驱动机构在最上端位置,此时柱塞液压泵处于进油最大行程;曲轴转角90℃A时,滑块在滑块槽的右端位置,液压泵驱动机构在中间位置,此时柱塞液压泵处于压油行程;活塞在下止点时,滑块在滑块槽的中间位置,液压泵驱动机构在最下端位置,此时柱塞液压泵处于出油最大行程;曲轴转角270℃A时,滑块在滑块槽的左端位置,液压泵驱动机构在中间位置,此时柱塞液压泵处于进油行程;继续转动又回到活塞上止点位置,形成液压动力输出360℃A曲轴转角为一个循环工作过程;混合气在气缸盖、活塞和气缸体形成的燃烧室内燃烧,产生的膨胀力通过连杆分两路传出,其中一路通过滑块、滑块槽、液压泵驱动机构、滑靴和柱塞液压泵输出液压动力;另一路通过滑块槽、滑块、曲柄销和曲轴输出机械动力;活塞下行冲程(吸气与做功冲程)时,带动连杆下行,由于滑块槽上部与连杆固定相连,下部与液压泵驱动机构相连,滑块槽、液压泵驱动机构与连杆同步做下行运动,液压泵驱动机构在下行过程中斜面尺寸不断变大,通过滑靴推动柱塞液压泵,压缩流体并输出液压动力,活塞到达下止点时压缩油输出过程结束;活塞上行冲程时,液压泵驱动机构斜面尺寸不断缩小,柱塞液压泵在柱塞弹力的作用下复位,柱塞液压泵处于进液行程,活塞到达上止点时该过程结束,发动机每转一圈柱塞液压泵完成一次做功循环;机械动力输出方法和过程与现有常规的发动机的四个冲程相同,并在燃烧做功冲程时活塞的动力通过连杆、滑块槽传递给滑块,滑块在滑块槽内做水平运动,滑块槽做垂直运动,两个运动复合形成滑块与曲柄销围绕曲轴的中心线做圆周运动,滑块槽传递给滑块的动力,通过曲柄销转变成曲轴的旋转力矩,由曲轴端输出机械动力;实现液压与机械双动力输出。The working process of the present invention to realize hydraulic and mechanical dual power output is: when the piston is at the top dead center (the crankshaft angle is defined as 0°CA), the slider is at the middle position of the slider groove, the hydraulic pump driving mechanism is at the uppermost position, At this time, the plunger hydraulic pump is at the maximum stroke of oil intake; when the crankshaft angle is 90°CA, the slider is at the right end of the slider groove, and the hydraulic pump driving mechanism is at the middle position, the plunger hydraulic pump is at the oil pressure stroke at this time; the piston is at the bottom At the stop point, the slider is in the middle of the slider groove, and the hydraulic pump driving mechanism is at the lowest end position. At this time, the plunger hydraulic pump is at the maximum oil discharge stroke; when the crankshaft angle is 270°CA, the slider is at the left end of the slider groove position, the hydraulic pump driving mechanism is in the middle position, and the plunger hydraulic pump is in the oil inlet stroke at this time; continue to rotate and return to the top dead center position of the piston, forming a hydraulic power output 360°CA crankshaft angle is a cyclic working process; Combustion in the combustion chamber formed by the cylinder head, piston and cylinder block, the resulting expansion force is transmitted through the connecting rod in two ways, one of which outputs the hydraulic pressure through the slider, slider groove, hydraulic pump drive mechanism, sliding shoe and plunger hydraulic pump. Power; the other way outputs mechanical power through the slider groove, slider, crank pin and crankshaft; when the piston goes down (inhalation and power stroke), it drives the connecting rod down, because the upper part of the slider groove is fixedly connected with the connecting rod, and the lower part is connected with the connecting rod The hydraulic pump driving mechanism is connected, and the slider groove, the hydraulic pump driving mechanism and the connecting rod move downward synchronously. The size of the slope of the hydraulic pump driving mechanism increases continuously during the downward process, and the plunger hydraulic pump is pushed through the sliding shoe to compress the fluid and output the hydraulic pressure. Power, when the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the compressed oil output process ends; when the piston is on the upward stroke, the size of the slope of the hydraulic pump driving mechanism is continuously reduced, the plunger hydraulic pump resets under the action of the plunger elastic force, and the plunger hydraulic pump is in the liquid inlet stroke. When the piston reaches the top dead center, the process ends, and the plunger hydraulic pump completes a work cycle every time the engine turns; the mechanical power output method and process are the same as the four strokes of the existing conventional engine, and the piston is activated during the combustion work stroke. The power is transmitted to the slider through the connecting rod and the slider groove. The slider moves horizontally in the slider groove, and the slider groove moves vertically. The two movements are combined to form a circular motion of the slider and the crank pin around the center line of the crankshaft. The power transmitted by the slider groove to the slider is converted into the rotational moment of the crankshaft through the crank pin, and the mechanical power is output from the crankshaft end; realizing hydraulic and mechanical dual power output.
本发明与现有技术相比,克服了自由活塞式液压发动机上止点不固定、着火稳定性差等问题,以及其它类似形式的发动机所存在的动力传递可靠性差、机械效率降低等问题,实现高效和可靠的动力机内转换过程;其结构简单,输出双动力工艺步骤和原理可靠,能效高,节省成本,动力传递快,环境友好。Compared with the prior art, the present invention overcomes the problems of unfixed top dead center and poor ignition stability of the free-piston hydraulic engine, as well as the problems of poor power transmission reliability and reduced mechanical efficiency of other similar engines, and realizes high efficiency. And reliable power conversion process in the machine; its structure is simple, the output dual power process steps and principles are reliable, high energy efficiency, cost saving, fast power transmission, and environmental friendliness.
附图说明:Description of drawings:
图1为本发明的主体结构原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the main structure of the present invention.
图2为本发明的主体结构工作过程原理示意图,其中a为工作原理结构示意图,b为活塞在上止点原理示意图,c为曲轴转角为90oCA的原理示意图,d为活塞在下止点原理示意图,e为曲轴转角270oCA的原理示意图。Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the working process principle of the main structure of the present invention, wherein a is a schematic diagram of the working principle structure, b is a schematic diagram of the principle of the piston at the top dead center, c is a schematic diagram of the principle that the crankshaft rotation angle is 90oCA, and d is a schematic diagram of the principle of the piston at the bottom dead center, e is a schematic diagram of the crankshaft angle of 270oCA.
具体实施方式:Detailed ways:
下面通过实施例并结合附图作进一步说明。Further description will be given below through the embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例:Example:
本实施例的主体结构包括气缸盖1、活塞2、连杆3、气缸体4、滑块5、曲柄销6、滑块槽7、下机体8、柱塞液压泵9、出油管路10、进油管路11、导向杆支架12、油底壳13、曲轴14、液压泵驱动机构15、滑靴16和导向杆17;气缸体4顶端固定安装制有气缸盖1;油底壳13安装在下机体8上,气缸盖1、气缸体4、下机体8和油底壳13组合构成上下封闭的机体组结构;活塞2通过活塞销与连杆3铰接,铰接后的连杆3和活塞2从气缸体4的顶部穿入,连杆3与滑块槽7的上半侧固定连接;上下两个半侧固定组合构成的滑块5镶嵌安装在滑块槽7内并在滑块槽7内作水平运动;滑块槽7的下部设置有带斜面的液压泵驱动机构15,用于驱动柱塞液压泵9的工作,液压泵驱动机构15与滑块槽7的下半侧固定安装在一起作同步运动;下机体8的底面固定制有导向杆支架12,导向杆支架12上部固定安装制有导向杆17,导向杆17的导向部分插入液压泵驱动机构15内,对液压泵驱动机构15实施导向作用;下机体8的两侧对称布置有两个柱塞液压泵9,柱塞液压泵9上分别连接制有进油管路11和出油管路10,发动机由出油管路10输出液压动力;柱塞液压泵9通过滑靴16与液压泵驱动机构15接触形成驱动关系,滑靴16传递液压泵驱动机构15的作用力,驱动柱塞液压泵9压缩燃油;曲柄销6镶嵌在滑块5中间,曲轴14固定安装在气缸体4内;气缸盖1、活塞2和气缸体4形成燃烧室,燃烧产生的膨胀力通过连杆3分两路传出,其中一路通过滑块5、滑块槽7、液压泵驱动机构15、滑靴16和柱塞液压泵9输出液压动力,另一路通过滑块槽7、滑块5、曲柄销6和曲轴14输出机械动力;活塞2下行冲程或吸气与做功冲程时,液压泵驱动机构15推动柱塞液压泵9压缩流体并输出液压能,活塞2到达下止点时该过程结束;活塞2上行冲程时,柱塞液压泵9在柱塞弹力的作用下复位,柱塞液压泵9处于进液行程,活塞2到达上止点时该过程结束,发动机每转一圈柱塞液压泵9完成一次做功循环。The main structure of this embodiment includes a cylinder head 1, a piston 2, a connecting rod 3, a cylinder block 4, a slider 5, a crank pin 6, a slider groove 7, a lower body 8, a plunger hydraulic pump 9, an oil outlet pipeline 10, Oil inlet pipeline 11, guide rod bracket 12, oil pan 13, crankshaft 14, hydraulic pump drive mechanism 15, slipper shoe 16 and guide rod 17; cylinder head 1 is fixedly installed on the top of cylinder block 4; oil pan 13 is installed on the bottom On the body 8, the cylinder head 1, the cylinder block 4, the lower body 8 and the oil pan 13 are combined to form an upper and lower closed body group structure; the piston 2 is hinged with the connecting rod 3 through the piston pin, and the hinged connecting rod 3 and the piston 2 are connected from the The top of the cylinder block 4 penetrates, and the connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected with the upper half of the slider groove 7; Make horizontal movement; the lower part of the slider groove 7 is provided with a hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 with a slope, which is used to drive the plunger hydraulic pump 9, and the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 is fixedly installed with the lower half of the slider groove 7 Do synchronous movement; the bottom surface of the lower body 8 is fixed with a guide rod bracket 12, and the upper part of the guide rod bracket 12 is fixedly installed with a guide rod 17, and the guide part of the guide rod 17 is inserted in the hydraulic pump drive mechanism 15, and the hydraulic pump drive mechanism 15 The guiding function is implemented; two plunger hydraulic pumps 9 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower body 8, and the plunger hydraulic pumps 9 are respectively connected with an oil inlet pipeline 11 and an oil outlet pipeline 10, and the engine outputs hydraulic power through the oil outlet pipeline 10 The plunger hydraulic pump 9 contacts the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 through the sliding shoe 16 to form a driving relationship, and the sliding shoe 16 transmits the active force of the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 to drive the plunger hydraulic pump 9 to compress fuel; the crank pin 6 is embedded in the slider In the middle of 5, the crankshaft 14 is fixedly installed in the cylinder block 4; the cylinder head 1, the piston 2 and the cylinder block 4 form a combustion chamber, and the expansion force generated by combustion is transmitted in two ways through the connecting rod 3, one of which passes through the slider 5, the slider Block groove 7, hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15, slipper shoe 16 and plunger hydraulic pump 9 output hydraulic power, and the other way outputs mechanical power through slider groove 7, slider 5, crank pin 6 and crankshaft 14; Piston 2 descends stroke or During the suction and power strokes, the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 pushes the plunger hydraulic pump 9 to compress the fluid and output hydraulic energy, and the process ends when the piston 2 reaches the bottom dead center; Resetting under the effect of elastic force, the plunger hydraulic pump 9 is in the liquid intake stroke, and the process ends when the piston 2 reaches the top dead center, and the plunger hydraulic pump 9 completes a working cycle every revolution of the engine.
本实施例安装时,先将活塞2和连杆3连接组合形成活塞连杆组件后从气缸体4的顶部穿入;将滑块槽7的上半侧从气缸体4底部与连杆3进行组合;将曲轴14安装于气缸体4的轴承座内;再将滑块5和曲柄销6组装后安装于滑块槽7内;扣装带有液压泵驱动机构15的滑块槽下半侧,完成曲轴14与连杆3的组合;然后安装下机体8,将导向杆17导向端插入液压泵驱动机构15的导向孔内;固定导向杆17于导向杆支架12上,并将导向杆支架12安装于下机体8上;再安装柱塞液压泵9,按照液压泵驱动机构15与滑靴16的配合关系要求,将柱塞液压泵9对称安装于下机体8的两侧,并连接对应的进油管路11和出油管路10;最后扣装油底壳13,完成整个发动机的组合装配。When this embodiment is installed, the piston 2 and the connecting rod 3 are first connected and combined to form a piston connecting rod assembly and then penetrated from the top of the cylinder block 4; Combination; install the crankshaft 14 in the bearing seat of the cylinder block 4; then assemble the slider 5 and the crank pin 6 and install them in the slider groove 7; fasten the lower half of the slider groove with the hydraulic pump drive mechanism 15 , complete the combination of the crankshaft 14 and the connecting rod 3; then install the lower body 8, insert the guide end of the guide rod 17 into the guide hole of the hydraulic pump drive mechanism 15; fix the guide rod 17 on the guide rod bracket 12, and place the guide rod bracket 12 is installed on the lower body 8; then the plunger hydraulic pump 9 is installed, and the plunger hydraulic pump 9 is symmetrically installed on both sides of the lower body 8 according to the requirements of the cooperation relationship between the hydraulic pump drive mechanism 15 and the sliding shoe 16, and connected to the corresponding The oil inlet pipeline 11 and the oil outlet pipeline 10; finally buckle the oil pan 13 to complete the combined assembly of the entire engine.
本实施例按功能结构包括机体组、曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、供给系、冷却系、润滑系、起动系和液压系统;机体组包括气缸盖1、气缸体4、下机体8和油底壳13,是本发动机的支架与曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、发动机各系统主要零部件的装配基体,也是联系各系统的连接体;曲柄连杆机构包括活塞2、连杆3、滑块5、曲柄销6、滑块槽7和曲轴14,把燃气作用在活塞顶上的动力转变为曲轴的转矩,由曲轴端向工作机械输出机械动力,同时驱动柱塞液压泵9,由液压系统输出液压动力;配气机构与常规发动机的配气机构的结构和功能相同,能按照发动机的工作循环要求,定时开闭进排气门,实现气缸的换气过程;供给系与常规发动机的供给系具有相同的结构和功能,按照发动机的不同工况要求,配制一定数量和浓度的可燃混合气,使混合气燃烧膨胀做功,并将燃烧后废气排出机体;冷却系与常规发动机相同,使发动机在所有工况下都保持在适当温度范围内;润滑系与常规发动机相似,其油底壳13较常规发动机容积稍大;在发动机工作时,连续不断的把数量足够的清洁润滑油输送到全部摩擦表面,达到提高发动机的工作可靠性和耐久性之功效;起动系与常规发动机相同,通过起动机带动发动机从静止状态进入工作状态;液压系统是本发动机的关键系统,液压系统使发动机能够以机械和液压两种动力同时输出,液压系统包括柱塞液压泵9、出油管路10、进油管路11、导向杆支架12、液压泵驱动机构15、滑靴16和导向杆17,其作用是把燃气作用在活塞顶上的力在机内直接转变成液压动力输出,以提高发动机的能量转换效率。According to the functional structure, this embodiment includes a body group, a crank-link mechanism, a gas distribution mechanism, a supply system, a cooling system, a lubrication system, a starting system and a hydraulic system; the body group includes a cylinder head 1, a cylinder block 4, a lower body 8 and oil Bottom case 13, is the support of this engine and crank-rod mechanism, gas distribution mechanism, the assembling matrix of each system main parts of engine, also is the connecting body of contacting each system; Crank-rod mechanism comprises piston 2, connecting rod 3, slide Block 5, crank pin 6, slider groove 7 and crankshaft 14 convert the power of gas acting on the top of the piston into the torque of the crankshaft, output mechanical power from the end of the crankshaft to the working machine, and drive the plunger hydraulic pump 9 at the same time. The hydraulic system outputs hydraulic power; the valve mechanism has the same structure and function as that of a conventional engine, and can regularly open and close the intake and exhaust valves according to the working cycle requirements of the engine to realize the ventilation process of the cylinder; the supply system is the same as that of a conventional engine. The supply system of the engine has the same structure and function. According to the requirements of different working conditions of the engine, a certain amount and concentration of combustible mixture gas is prepared, so that the mixture gas burns and expands to do work, and the exhaust gas after combustion is discharged from the body; the cooling system is the same as that of a conventional engine. Keep the engine within an appropriate temperature range under all working conditions; the lubrication system is similar to a conventional engine, and its oil pan 13 has a slightly larger volume than a conventional engine; when the engine is working, a sufficient amount of clean lubricating oil is continuously delivered It reaches all the friction surfaces to achieve the effect of improving the working reliability and durability of the engine; the starting system is the same as that of a conventional engine, and the engine is driven from a static state to a working state through the starter; the hydraulic system is the key system of the engine, and the hydraulic system makes the engine It can output both mechanical and hydraulic power at the same time. The hydraulic system includes a plunger hydraulic pump 9, an oil outlet pipeline 10, an oil inlet pipeline 11, a guide rod bracket 12, a hydraulic pump drive mechanism 15, a sliding shoe 16 and a guide rod 17. The function is to convert the force of the gas acting on the top of the piston directly into the hydraulic power output in the machine, so as to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the engine.
本实施例实现液压与机械双动力输出的工作过程是:如图2所示,当活塞2在上止点(曲轴14的转角定义为0℃A)时,滑块5在滑块槽7的中间位置,液压泵驱动机构15在最上端位置,此时柱塞液压泵9处于进油最大行程;曲轴14的转角90℃A时,滑块5在滑块槽7的右端位置,液压泵驱动机构15在中间位置,此时柱塞液压泵9处于压油行程;活塞在下止点时,滑块5在滑块槽7的中间位置,液压泵驱动机构15在最下端位置,此时柱塞液压泵9处于出油最大行程;曲轴14的转角270℃A时,滑块5在滑块槽7的左端位置,液压泵驱动机构15在中间位置,此时柱塞液压泵9处于进油行程;继续转动又回到活塞2的上止点位置,形成液压动力输出360℃A曲轴转角为一个循环工作过程;混合气在气缸盖1、活塞2和气缸体4形成的燃烧室内燃烧,产生的膨胀力通过连杆3分两路传出,其中一路通过滑块5、滑块槽7、液压泵驱动机构15、滑靴16和柱塞液压泵9输出液压动力;另一路通过滑块槽7、滑块5、曲柄销6和曲轴14输出机械动力;活塞2下行冲程(吸气与做功冲程)时,带动连杆3下行,由于滑块槽7上部与连杆3固定相连,下部与液压泵驱动机构15相连,滑块槽7、液压泵驱动机构15与连杆3同步做下行运动,液压泵驱动机构15在下行过程中斜面尺寸不断变大,通过滑靴16推动柱塞液压泵9,压缩流体并输出液压动力,活塞2到达下止点时压缩油输出过程结束;活塞2上行冲程时,液压泵驱动机构15斜面尺寸不断缩小,柱塞液压泵9在柱塞弹力的作用下复位,柱塞液压泵9处于进液行程,活塞2到达上止点时该过程结束,发动机每转一圈柱塞液压泵9完成一次做功循环;机械动力输出方法和过程与现有常规的发动机的四个冲程相同,并在燃烧做功冲程时活塞2的动力通过连杆3、滑块槽7传递给滑块5,滑块5在滑块槽7内做水平运动,滑块槽7做垂直运动,两个运动复合形成滑块5与曲柄销6围绕曲轴14的中心线做圆周运动,滑块槽7传递给滑块的动力,通过曲柄销6转变成曲轴14的旋转力矩,由曲轴端输出机械动力;实现液压与机械双动力输出。The working process of this embodiment to realize the dual power output of hydraulic pressure and machinery is: as shown in Figure 2, when the piston 2 is at the top dead center (the rotation angle of the crankshaft 14 is defined as 0°CA), the slider 5 is in the position of the slider groove 7. In the middle position, the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 is at the uppermost position, and the plunger hydraulic pump 9 is at the maximum stroke of oil inlet; when the rotation angle of the crankshaft 14 is 90°CA, the slider 5 is at the right end position of the slider groove 7, and the hydraulic pump drives The mechanism 15 is in the middle position, and the plunger hydraulic pump 9 is in the oil pressure stroke at this time; when the piston is at the bottom dead center, the slider 5 is in the middle position of the slider groove 7, and the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 is in the lowest position, and the plunger The hydraulic pump 9 is at the maximum oil discharge stroke; when the rotation angle of the crankshaft 14 is 270°CA, the slider 5 is at the left end position of the slider groove 7, and the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 is at the middle position, and the plunger hydraulic pump 9 is at the oil inlet stroke at this time ; continue to rotate and return to the top dead center position of piston 2, forming a hydraulic power output 360 ° CA crankshaft angle is a cyclic work process; the mixture is burned in the combustion chamber formed by cylinder head 1, piston 2 and cylinder block 4, and the resulting The expansion force is transmitted through the connecting rod 3 in two ways, one of which outputs hydraulic power through the slider 5, the slider groove 7, the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15, the slider 16 and the plunger hydraulic pump 9; the other way through the slider groove 7 , slider 5, crank pin 6 and crankshaft 14 output mechanical power; when the piston 2 goes down stroke (suction and power stroke), it drives the connecting rod 3 to go down, because the upper part of the slider groove 7 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 3, and the lower part is connected with the hydraulic pressure The pump driving mechanism 15 is connected, the slider groove 7, the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 and the connecting rod 3 move downward synchronously, the size of the slope of the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 continues to increase during the downward process, and the plunger hydraulic pump 9 is pushed by the sliding shoe 16 , compress the fluid and output the hydraulic power, the compressed oil output process ends when the piston 2 reaches the bottom dead center; when the piston 2 goes up the stroke, the size of the inclined plane of the hydraulic pump driving mechanism 15 shrinks continuously, and the plunger hydraulic pump 9 resets under the action of the plunger elastic force , the plunger hydraulic pump 9 is in the liquid intake stroke, and the process ends when the piston 2 reaches the top dead center, and the plunger hydraulic pump 9 completes a work cycle every time the engine turns; the mechanical power output method and process are the same as those of the existing conventional engine The four strokes are the same, and the power of the piston 2 is transmitted to the slider 5 through the connecting rod 3 and the slider groove 7 during the combustion power stroke, the slider 5 moves horizontally in the slider groove 7, and the slider groove 7 moves vertically , the two movements are compounded to form a circular motion of the slider 5 and the crank pin 6 around the center line of the crankshaft 14, the power transmitted to the slider by the slider groove 7 is transformed into the rotational torque of the crankshaft 14 through the crank pin 6, and output from the crankshaft end Mechanical power; realize hydraulic and mechanical dual power output.
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