CN103126971A - 减少非毒素蛋白质的肉毒杆菌毒素组合物和其局部施用及透皮递送方法 - Google Patents
减少非毒素蛋白质的肉毒杆菌毒素组合物和其局部施用及透皮递送方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103126971A CN103126971A CN2012105582601A CN201210558260A CN103126971A CN 103126971 A CN103126971 A CN 103126971A CN 2012105582601 A CN2012105582601 A CN 2012105582601A CN 201210558260 A CN201210558260 A CN 201210558260A CN 103126971 A CN103126971 A CN 103126971A
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的肉毒杆菌毒素组合物,其可以局部施用用于多种治疗、美学和/或化妆目的。该组合物可包括肉毒杆菌毒素复合物,其中血凝素、非毒素非血凝素和/或外源性白蛋白的含量相对于常规市售肉毒杆菌毒素选择性地和独立地减少了。该组合物进一步包含对肉毒杆菌毒素非天然的和非共价结合所述肉毒杆菌毒素复合物的分子,从而其起亲皮肤“粘附分子”的作用,其改善该毒素复合物粘附和穿透皮肤上皮细胞的能力。与现有皮下注射的包含肉毒杆菌组合物相比,该组合物具有改善的安全特征。本发明还涉及使用这种组合物的方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2006年11月16日、申请号为200680050584.7、发明名称为“减少非毒素蛋白质的肉毒杆菌毒素组合物和其局部施用及透皮递送方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及新的肉毒杆菌毒素组合物,其可以局部施用用于多种治疗、美学和/或化妆目的,并且其具有比现有皮下注射包含肉毒杆菌毒素的组合物改善的安全特征。
发明背景
皮肤保护身体器官免受外部环境的威胁,并起保持体温的恒温器作用。其由几个不同层组成,每层都具有特定的功能。主要的层包括表皮、真皮和皮下组织。表皮是覆盖真皮的上皮细胞的分化层,其由结缔组织组成。表皮和真皮都受皮下组织的进一步支持,皮下组织是脂肪组织的内层。
表皮,皮肤的最上层,仅仅为0.1至1.5毫米厚(Inlander,Skin,New York,NY:People's Medical Society,1-7(1998))。其由角质形成细胞组成,根据它们的的分化状态,其被分成几层。可以进一步将表皮分成角质层和有活力的表皮,该有活力的表皮由granularmelphigian和基细胞组成。角质层是吸湿性的,需要至少10%重量的水分以保持其弹性和柔软性。吸湿性部分归于角蛋白的持水能力。当角质层丧失其柔软性和弹性时,其变得粗糙且脆,产生干燥皮肤。
真皮,其位于表皮之下,为1.5至4毫米厚。其是皮肤的三层中最厚的。另外,真皮也是皮肤结构的主要部分,包括汗腺和脂腺(其通过皮肤中称为气孔或痤疮的孔分泌物质)、毛囊、神经末梢和血管或及淋巴管(Inlander,Skin,New York,NY:People's Medical Society,1-7(1998))。然而,真皮的主要组分是胶原和弹性蛋白。
皮下组织是皮肤的最深层。其起用于身体热量保存的绝缘体和用于器官保护的减震器作用(Inlander,Skin,New York,NY:People'sMedical Society,1-7(1998))。另外,皮下组织也贮藏用于能源储备的脂肪。皮肤的pH通常为5至6之间。该酸性是由于存在来自于皮脂腺分泌物的两性氨基酸、乳酸和脂肪酸。术语“酸外膜(acidmantle)”指在皮肤的大多数区域存在水溶性物质。皮肤的缓冲能力部分应归于储存在皮肤角质层中的这些分泌物。
皱纹,年龄的指示特征之一,可能是由于皮肤受环境损害而蓄积的生物化学、组织学和生理学变化引起(Benedetto,InternationalJournal of Dermatology,38:641-655(1999))。另外,存在可能引起面部皱纹的皱褶、皱纹和皱痕(creases)的第二因子(Stegman等人,The Skin of the Aging Face Cosmetic Dermatological Surgery,第2版,St.Louis编著,MO:Mosby Year Book:5-15(1990))。这些第二因子包括恒量重力、皮肤上经常和恒量的位置压力(例如,在睡眠期间)牵拉和由于面部肌肉收缩引起的反复面部运动(Stegman等人.,The Skin of the Aging Face Cosmetic Dermatological Surgery,第2版,St.Louis编著,MO:Mosby Year Book:5-15(1990))。
为了可能缓和某些年龄体征,已经使用了不同的技术。这些技术从包含α羟酸和视黄醇的面部增湿剂到外科手术方法和注射神经毒素。例如,在1986年,Jean和Alastair Carruthers,一对由眼整形外科医生和皮肤科医生组成的夫妻组合,研究了一种使用A型肉毒杆菌毒素治疗眉间区域与运动相关的皱纹的方法(Schantz和Scott,In Lewis GE(Ed)Biomedical Aspects of Botulinum,New York:Academic Press,143-150(1981))。在1992年,Carruthers'使用A型肉毒杆菌毒素来治疗皱纹引起该方法最初公布(Schantz和Scott,In Lewis GE(Ed)Biomedical Aspects of Botulinum,New York:Academic Press,143-150(1981))。直到1994年,同一组合报道了对于面部的其它运动相关的皱纹的经验(Scott,Ophthalmol,87:1044-1049(1980))。这依次引起诞生了使用A型肉毒杆菌毒素进行化妆处理的时代。
感兴趣地,据说A型肉毒杆菌毒素是人类所知最致命的天然生物剂。C.botulinum的芽胞可在土壤中找到,并可在不正确地杀菌和密封的食物容器中生长。摄入该细菌可导致肉毒中毒,其可能是致命的。肉毒杆菌毒素通过阻止突触传递或释放的乙酰胆碱穿过神经肌接点而导致产生肌肉麻痹,并且其被认为也以其它方式起作用。其作用主要是阻断通常引起肌肉痉挛或收缩的信号,导致麻痹。然而,已经使用肉毒杆菌毒素的肌肉-麻痹效应用于治疗功效。已经使用控制给药肉毒杆菌毒素来提供肌肉麻痹以治疗病症,例如以骨骼肌活动过度为特征的神经肌肉失调。已经用肉毒杆菌毒素治疗的病症包括偏侧面肌痉挛、成年人发病的痉挛性斜颈、肛裂、眼睑痉挛、大脑性瘫痪、颈张力障碍、偏头痛、斜视、颞下颌关节障碍和各种类型的肌痛性痉挛和肌痉挛。近来,在治疗和化妆面部应用中已经利用肉毒杆菌毒素的肌肉-麻痹效应,所述应用比如治疗皱纹、皱眉线(frown lines)及其它面部肌肉痉挛或收缩的后果。
除了A型肉毒杆菌毒素之外,存在七种其它的血清学不同形式的肉毒杆菌毒素,其也由革兰氏阳性菌肉毒杆菌产生。在这八种血清学不同类型的肉毒杆菌毒素中,可引起麻痹的七种被称为肉毒杆菌毒素血清型A、B、C、D、E、F和G。这些中的每种以用特定类型的抗体中和为特征。肉毒杆菌毒素蛋白质分子的分子量,对于所有七种这些活性肉毒杆菌毒素血清型,为约150kD。不同血清型的肉毒杆菌毒素在动物种类方面不同,它们影响它们引起的麻痹的严重性和持续时间。例如,已经确定A型肉毒杆菌毒素的功效为B型肉毒杆菌毒素的500倍以上,如通过在大鼠中产生的麻痹速率来测定。另外,已经确定B型肉毒杆菌毒素在灵长类中以480U/kg的剂量是无毒的,为A型灵长类LD50的约12倍。由于肉毒杆菌毒素的分子尺寸和分子结构,其不能穿过角质层和多层皮下组织。
当由肉毒杆菌细菌释放时,肉毒杆菌毒素为毒素复合物的组分,所述毒素复合物包含约150kD的肉毒杆菌毒素蛋白质分子和缔合的非毒素蛋白质的组合。这些内源性的非毒素蛋白质被认为包括血凝素蛋白质和非血凝素蛋白质家族。所述非毒素蛋白质被认为稳定毒素复合物中的肉毒杆菌毒素分子和保护它防止变性,例如,当毒素复合物被摄取时被消化酸变性。因此,所述毒素复合物的非毒素蛋白质保护肉毒杆菌毒素的活性和增加全身穿透,特别是当经由胃肠道给药所述毒素复合物时。更特别地,人们相信某些非毒素蛋白质特别地增加穿透胃肠上皮细胞,而其它非毒素蛋白质稳定血液中的肉毒杆菌毒素分子。另外,非毒素蛋白质在毒素复合物中的存在典型地引起毒素复合物具有比单纯的肉毒杆菌毒素分子更大的分子量,所述单纯的肉毒杆菌毒素分子的分子量为约150kD,如之前指出的。例如,肉毒杆菌细菌可以产生A型肉毒杆菌毒素复合物,其具有约900kD、500kD或300kD的分子量。感兴趣地,B型和C型肉毒杆菌毒素显然产生仅为700kD或500kD的复合物。D型肉毒杆菌毒素产生300kD和500kD两种复合物。E型和F型肉毒杆菌毒素产生仅仅为约300kD的复合物。
为了向肉毒杆菌毒素提供另外的稳定性,通常通过在制备期间将毒素复合物与外源性稳定剂(例如明胶、多糖或最常见的另外的白蛋白)组合来稳定它们。所述稳定剂在不同的环境中起结合和稳定毒素复合物的作用,所述环境包括与制备、运输、贮藏和给药相关的那些。
典型地,通过仔细地控制注射包含肉毒杆菌毒素复合物和白蛋白的组合物向患者给药肉毒杆菌毒素,但是存在与该方法相关的一些问题。不仅注射有痛苦,而且,为了获得期望的治疗或化妆效果,它们通常必须递送足够的毒素以在注射部位周围建立大的皮下毒素槽(wells)。甚至更糟的是,当要处理的区域大时,可能需要多个注射。而且,因为注射的毒素复合物包含非毒素蛋白质和白蛋白,其稳定该肉毒杆菌毒素,且增加了所述毒素复合物的分子量,所以该毒素复合物在体内具有长半衰期,不易扩散进入组织,可能在患者中引起不想要的抗原应答。而且,因为所述非毒素蛋白质和白蛋白稳定血液中的肉毒杆菌毒素,必须仔细地进行注射,以便他们不会将大量毒素释放到患者的血流中,其可导致致命的全身中毒。因此,典型地必须精确地通过深入了解人体解剖学的高度训练的医学专业人员进行注射。
鉴于前述讨论的所有问题,高度需要提供一种给药肉毒杆菌毒素的方法,其无痛苦且需要比基于常规注射方法更少毒素。另外,如果这样的方法能降低肉毒杆菌毒素的抗原性和血液稳定性,而增加肉毒杆菌毒素复合物在体内的扩散速率,从而使得使用肉毒杆菌毒素进行各种治疗、美学和/或化妆目的是安全的,则其是高度需要的。还将需要提供一种为了获得安全给药毒素的给药方法,其不会决定性地依赖医学专业人士精确地注射肉毒杆菌毒素。
发明概述
本发明提供一种解决上述问题的方法,其通过提供可以无痛苦且容易地局部施用于上皮细胞的治疗用肉毒杆菌毒素组合物来实现。与常规市售的结合外源性白蛋白的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物(例如或)相比,在本发明的局部组合物中的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物具有降低的抗原性、较低的血稳定性、较好的安全特征和较高的穿过皮肤上皮细胞的扩散速率。另外,通过使用该组合物与本发明的相关方法,获得与常规基于注射的给药方法相同的临床结果需要更少的肉毒杆菌毒素。
本发明的一个方面是认识到从肉毒杆菌细菌获得的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中的内源性非毒素蛋白质(即无毒的血凝素和非血凝素蛋白质),其不期望地增加所述毒素复合物的稳定性和毒性,同时不期望地降低所述毒素扩散穿过皮肤上皮细胞的能力。本发明进一步认识到当在常规制备期间将外源性稳定剂比如白蛋白结合到肉毒杆菌毒素时,这些作用加强了。因此,本发明的一个方面是提供肉毒杆菌毒素复合物,其中血凝素、非毒素非血凝素和/或外源性白蛋白的含量比常规市售获得的肉毒杆菌毒素(例如或)选择性和独立地减少了。
本发明的另一个方面是认识到可以将某些非天然分子(即,不能在从肉毒杆菌细菌获得的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中找到的分子)加入到肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中,特别是减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中,以改善肉毒杆菌毒素复合物扩散穿过皮肤上皮细胞的能力。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,非天然的分子非共价地结合肉毒杆菌毒素复合物,并且起亲皮肤(skin-tropic)“粘附分子”的作用,其改善该毒素复合物粘附和穿透皮肤上皮细胞的能力,并且进一步降低肉毒杆菌毒素复合物在血液中的稳定性。例如,所述粘附分子可以是某些蛋白质,比如唾液蛋白。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于化妆或治疗处理的组合物,其包括肉毒杆菌毒素复合物(或减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物)和靶向皮肤的非天然粘附分子,所述粘附分子增加所述组合物的透皮渗透。所述组合物任选地可包含加入的外源性稳定剂,比如白蛋白。
本发明进一步涉及一种通过优选地向需要这种治疗的受试者或患者的皮肤局部施用有效量的本发明之内的组合物产生生物效应的方法。所述生物效应可包括,例如肌肉麻痹、减少分泌过多或出汗、治疗神经性疼痛或偏头痛、减少肌肉痉挛、预防或减少痤疮、减少或增加免疫应答、减少皱纹或预防或治疗各种其他病症。
本发明同时提供用于制备包含肉毒杆菌毒素复合物(或减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物)和粘附分子的制剂或可依次用于产生这种制剂的预混物的试剂盒。还提供包含用于向受试者顺次给药肉毒杆菌毒素复合物(或减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物)和粘附分子的手段的试剂盒。
发明详述
本发明涉及包含肉毒杆菌毒素的新的组合物,更特别地,涉及能转运或递送肉毒杆菌毒素穿过皮肤上皮细胞(也称为“透皮递送”)的新组合物,其具有改善的皮肤粘附和渗透性、降低的抗原性和血液稳定性。如本文描述的,可以使用本发明的组合物,如局部施用向受试者提供肉毒杆菌毒素用于各种治疗、美学和/或化妆目的。本发明的组合物还具有比其它肉毒杆菌毒素的组合物和递送方法改善的安全特征。而且,这些组合物可以获得有益地减少对肉毒杆菌毒素的免疫应答。
如本文使用的术语“肉毒杆菌毒素”指任一种已知类型的肉毒杆菌毒素(即,约150kD的肉毒杆菌毒素蛋白质分子),无论是由细菌生成的还是通过重组体技术生成的,和可能随后发现的任何这样的类型,包括新发现的血清型和设计的变异体或融合蛋白。如上所述,目前已经表征了七种免疫分离的肉毒杆菌神经毒素,即肉毒杆菌神经毒素血清型A、B、C、D、E、F和G,每种都以用特定类型的抗体中和为特征。所述肉毒杆菌毒素血清型为市售获得的,例如,售自Sigma-Aldrich(St.Louis,MO)和Metabiologics,Inc.(Madison,Wisconsin)和其它来源。不同血清型的肉毒杆菌毒素在动物种类方面不同,它们影响它们引起的麻痹的严重性和持续时间。至少两种肉毒杆菌毒素,A型和B型,是以用于治疗某些病症的制剂市售获得的。例如,A型包含在具有trademark的Allergan制剂中和具有商标的Ipsen制剂中,B型包含在具有商标的Elan制剂中。
在本发明的组合物中使用的术语“肉毒杆菌毒素”可以可选地指肉毒杆菌毒素衍生物,即,具有肉毒杆菌毒素活性但包含相对于天然存在的或重组体天然肉毒杆菌毒素在任何部分或任何链上有一个或多个化学或功能改变的化合物。例如,所述肉毒杆菌毒素可以是修饰的神经毒素,即与天然的相比具有至少一个其氨基酸被删除、修饰或替换的神经毒素,或者所述修饰的神经毒素可以是重组生成的神经毒素或其衍生物或片段。例如,所述肉毒杆菌毒素可以是已经以一种方式修饰的一种,例如增加其性质或减少不想要的副作用,但仍然保持期望的肉毒杆菌毒素活性。所述肉毒杆菌毒素可以是由细菌生成的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物的任一种,如上所述。可选地,本发明所用的肉毒杆菌毒素可以是使用重组或合成化学技术制备的毒素,例如重组体肽、融合蛋白、杂种神经毒素,例如通过不同肉毒杆菌毒素血清型的亚基或域制备的(例如,参见美国专利6,444,209)。所述肉毒杆菌毒素也可以是整个分子的一部分,其已经显示出具有必需的肉毒杆菌毒素活性,并且在这种情况下,可以本身使用或作为组合或轭合分子例如融合蛋白的部分使用。可选地,所述肉毒杆菌毒素可以是肉毒杆菌毒素前体的形式,其本身可以是无毒的,例如无毒的锌蛋白酶,当在蛋白酶剪切时其变成有毒的。
如本文使用的术语“肉毒杆菌毒素复合物”或“毒素复合物”指约150kD的肉毒杆菌毒素蛋白质分子(属于肉毒杆菌毒素血清型A-G的任一种)与内源性非毒素蛋白质(即,由肉毒杆菌细菌生成的血凝素蛋白质和非毒素非血凝素蛋白质)的组合。然而,应当注意所述肉毒杆菌毒素复合物不必来源于呈一种单一毒素复合物的肉毒杆菌细菌。例如,可以首先重组制备肉毒杆菌毒素或修饰的肉毒杆菌毒素,然后将其与非毒素蛋白质混合。重组体肉毒杆菌毒素还可以是购买的(例如,购自List Biological Laboratories,Campbell,CA),然后将其与非毒素蛋白质混合。
本发明还涉及“减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物”,其中所述肉毒杆菌毒素复合物具有比在由肉毒杆菌细菌生成的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中发现的天然数量相比减少量的非毒素蛋白质。在一个实施方案中,使用任何常规蛋白质分离方法以从来源于肉毒杆菌细菌的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中提取一部分血凝素蛋白质或非毒素非血凝素蛋白质来制备减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物。例如,减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物可以通过将其暴露在pH7.3下的红细胞分离肉毒杆菌毒素复合物产生(例如参见EP1514556A1,在此将其引入作为参考)。可以使用HPLC、透析、柱、离心及其它方法来从蛋白质中提取蛋白质。可选地,当通过混合合成产生的肉毒杆菌毒素与非毒素蛋白质产生减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物时,人们可仅仅向该混合物中加入比天然存在的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物更少的血凝素或非毒素非血凝素蛋白质。根据本发明,可以独立地以任何量减少在减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中的任何非毒素蛋白质(例如血凝素蛋白质或非毒素非血凝素蛋白质或两种)。在某些示例性的实施方案中,一种或多种非毒素蛋白质减少了相对于在肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中通常发现量的至少约0.5%、1%、3%、5%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%或90%。肉毒杆菌细菌生成七种不同血清型的毒素,市售制剂为用不同相对量的非毒素蛋白质(即,不同量的毒素复合物)制备的。例如,Myobloc含有5000U的B型肉毒杆菌毒素/ml和0.05%的人血清白蛋白、0.01M丁二酸钠和0.1M氯化钠。Dysport含有500U的A-型肉毒杆菌毒素血凝素复合物与125mcg的白蛋白和2.4mg的乳糖。在一个特别感兴趣的实施方案中,从所述肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中除去了基本上所有通常在来源于肉毒梭状芽胞杆菌细菌的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中发现的非毒素蛋白质(例如>95%的血凝素蛋白质和非毒素非血凝素蛋白质)。而且,尽管在某些情况下可以以相同的数量减少内源性非毒素蛋白质的量,本发明还涉及以不同的量减少每种内源性非毒素蛋白质,和减少至少一种内源性非毒素蛋白质,但不减少其它的。
除了(或代替)减少使肉毒杆菌毒素复合物不稳定的内源性非毒素蛋白质的用量之外,本发明还涉及减少通常在制备期间加入的外源性稳定剂的用量。这种外源性稳定剂的一个实例是白蛋白,其在制备肉毒杆菌毒素复合物期间的通常加入量等于在天然存在的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中内源性非毒素、非血凝素组分中发现的白蛋白含量的1000倍。根据本发明,加入外源性白蛋白的用量可以是少于常规千倍过量的外源性白蛋白的任何用量。在本发明的某些示例性的实施方案中,加入在天然存在的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中仅仅约500x、400x、300x、200x、100x、50x、10x、5x、1x、0.5x、0.lx或0.0lx用量的白蛋白。在一个实施方案中,不向本发明的组合物加入作为稳定剂的外源性白蛋白。在其它实施方案中,将除了(或代替)白蛋白之外的外源性稳定剂加入本发明的治疗用局部组合物中。例如,本发明涉及的其它稳定剂包括乳糖、明胶和多糖。
根据本发明的“粘附分子”可以是具有至少下述性质的蛋白质或其它分子:(1)其不会在天然存在的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中发现(即“非天然的”);(2)其起稳定下述复合物的作用:肉毒杆菌毒素复合物或减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物,尤其是已经与少量或没有过量的外源性白蛋白或其它稳定剂混合的那些;和(3)当与肉毒杆菌毒素复合物或减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物混合时,其促进肉毒杆菌毒素的透皮渗透,能使所述毒素以足够产生期望的治疗或化妆作用的量给药至肌肉和/或其它皮肤相关的结构。一般而言,如果可存在转运而没有共价修饰所述肉毒杆菌毒素,则其是优选的。在某些优选的实施方案中,粘附分子能够结合特定的皮肤组分,其中非限制性的实例包括角质形成细胞、表皮细胞和毛囊。例如,根据本发明的粘附分子可以是能结合下述物质的蛋白质:角质形成细胞生长因子、角质形成细胞结合蛋白、表皮生长因子(EGF)、EGF样蛋白质和神经营养因子比如神经生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子、神经营养因子-3和神经营养因子-4/5。在本发明的某些实施方案中,所述治疗用局部组合物包括多于一种不同类型的非天然粘附分子。
在一个特别感兴趣的实施方案中,所述非天然粘附分子为唾液蛋白。不希望受任何特定的科学理论的束缚,人们相信唾液蛋白促进肉毒杆菌毒素的皮肤粘附和透皮渗透,同时增加肉毒杆菌毒素在皮肤和体外的稳定作用,和减少用于改善的安全特征的血液和系统活性。本发明涉及的唾液蛋白的非限制性实例包括骨唾液蛋白I(也称为BSPI、骨唾液蛋白、骨桥蛋白、OPN、分泌的磷蛋白1、Spp1、早期T淋巴细胞活化蛋白质-1、ETA-1、泌尿道结石蛋白质、nephropontin)和骨唾液蛋白II(也称为BSPH、整联蛋白结合唾液蛋白、细胞结合唾液蛋白、BNSP)。唾液蛋白为市售获得的,例如,售自ChemiconInternational。可以使用其它结合和内在化上皮细胞尤其是皮肤和膀胱上皮细胞的粘附分子。可以加入粘附分子的家族比如钙粘素、整联蛋白、免疫球蛋白超家族、选择素及其它跨膜唾液蛋白比如podocalyxin。
一般而言,粘附分子在根据本发明的组合物中的浓度应当足够使肉毒毒素透皮递送。而且,不希望受到理论的束缚,人们相信透皮转运速率符合受体介导的动力学,因此透皮转运随粘附分子的增加量增加,直至饱和点,此时,转运速率变成恒定值。因此,在一个优选的实施方案中,粘附分子的加入量等于恰在饱和前的最大化透皮渗透速率的量。粘附分子在本发明的局部组合物中有用的浓度范围为约0.1ng至约1.0mg每单位如本文描述的肉毒杆菌毒素组合物。更优选地,所述粘附分子在本发明的局部组合物中的范围为约0.1mg至0.5mg每单位的肉毒杆菌毒素。例如,在骨唾液蛋白I的情况下,其为本发明涉及的唾液蛋白的一个实例,有用的范围为约0.1ng至约1.0mg,更优选约0.1mg至约0.5mg。
本发明的组合物优选地为要用于需要特别地治疗的受试者或患者,即人类或其它哺乳动物的皮肤或上皮的产品形式。术语“需要的”是指包括药物或健康相关的需要,例如治疗包括不想要的面部肌肉痉挛的病症,及化妆和主观需要,例如,改变或改善面部组织的形态。通常,所述组合物是通过混合肉毒杆菌毒素(包含与非毒素蛋白质的缔合或与减量非毒素蛋白质的缔合)与非天然粘附分子,和通常与一种或多种附加药学可接受的载体或者赋形剂制备的。在它们的最简单的形式中,它们可包含单一的含水药学可接受的载体或稀释剂,比如缓冲盐水。然而,所述组合物可包含典型地在局部药用或化妆用组合物中的其他成分,即,皮肤用或药学可接受的载体、赋形剂或介质,即与它们所要施用的组织相容的载体、赋形剂或介质。如本文使用的术语“皮肤用或药学可接受的”指如此描述的适于与这些组织接触使用或用于患者而没有异常毒性、不相容性、不稳定性、变态反应等的组分或成分。视情况而定,本发明的组合物可包括通常在本领域,特别是在化妆和皮肤病学中考虑使用的任何成分。
根据它们的形式,本发明的组合物可包括溶液剂、乳剂(包括微乳剂)、混悬液、乳膏剂、洗剂、凝胶剂、散剂或其它用于施用到皮肤及其中可使用所述组合物的其它组织典型的固体或液体组合物。这样的组合物除了包含肉毒杆菌毒素和非天然粘附分子之外,可包含典型地在这样的产品中使用的其它成分,比如抗微生物剂、增湿剂和水化剂、渗透剂、防腐剂、乳化剂、天然油或合成油、溶剂、表面活性剂、清洁剂、胶凝剂、润肤剂、抗氧剂、芳香剂、填充剂、增稠剂、蜡、去味剂、染料、着色剂、散剂、粘度调节剂和水,且任选地包括麻醉药、抗痒活性剂、植物提取物、调节剂、染黑或发光剂、闪光剂(glitter)、湿润剂、云母、矿物质、多酚、硅酮或其衍生物、防晒剂(sunblocks)、维生素和phytomedicinals。
根据本发明的组合物可以是控释或缓释组合物的形式,其中所述肉毒杆菌毒素和非天然粘附分子被包囊或者将其包含在物质内,使得它们以控制的方式随着时间推移释放在皮肤上。可以将所述包括肉毒杆菌毒素和非天然粘附分子的组合物包含在基质、脂质体、小囊、微胶囊、微球等之内,或者包含在固体颗粒物质之内,所有这些选择和/或构建的物质能提供肉毒杆菌毒素释放一段时间。可以将肉毒杆菌毒素和非天然粘附分子包囊在一起(例如,包囊在同一胶囊中)或者分别包囊(在单独的胶囊中)。
可以将肉毒杆菌毒素以能产生瘫痪、产生松弛、缓解收缩、预防或缓解痉挛、减少腺排出或其它预期效果的有效量递送至皮肤下的肌肉或皮肤下腺结构。相对于可注射的或可植入的物质,用这种方式局部递送肉毒杆菌毒素可以获得减少剂量、降低毒性和得到用于预期效果的更精确的剂量最佳化。
施用本发明的组合物以便给药有效量的肉毒杆菌毒素。如本文使用的术语“有效量”指如上定义的肉毒杆菌毒素的量,即足够产生期望的肌肉瘫痪或其它生物学或美学效应,但无疑是安全量,即,能避免严重副作用的足够低的量。预期效果包括松弛某些肌肉,目的是例如减少细纹线和/或皱纹的形态,特别是在脸上的,或者以其他方式调整面部形态比如增宽眼睛、提升嘴角或使从上唇散开的平滑纹线或一般性缓解肌紧张。上述提及的功效,一般性缓解肌紧张可以在面部或其它地方获得。本发明的组合物可包含用于作为单一剂量治疗应用的适当有效量的肉毒杆菌毒素,或者可以是更浓缩的,用于在给药部位稀释或者用于多种应用。通过使用本发明的靶向皮肤的非天然粘附分子,可以透皮给药肉毒杆菌毒素至受试者以治疗病症比如不想要的面部肌肉或其它肌痉挛、多汗、痤疮或其中想要缓解肌肉疼痛或痉挛的体内其他地方的病症。局部给药肉毒杆菌毒素用于透皮递送至肌肉或其它皮肤相关结构。可以进行给药至例如腿、肩部、背部(包括腰部)、腋下、掌心、足部、颈、腹股沟、手背或足背、肘、上肢、膝、大腿、臀、躯干、骨盆或其中期望给药肉毒杆菌毒素的身体的任何其它部分。
也可以进行给药肉毒杆菌毒素以治疗其它的病症,包括但不限于治疗神经性疼痛、预防或减轻偏头痛或其它的头痛、预防或减轻痤疮、预防或减轻张力障碍或张力障碍收缩(无论是主观的或临床的)、预防或减轻与主观或临床上的多汗相关的症状、减少分泌过多或出汗、减少或增加免疫应答、或治疗其它已经建议或执行通过注射给药肉毒杆菌毒素的其它病症。
最优选地,由医师或其它卫生保健专业人员或在其指导下给药所述组合物。它们可以按单一的治疗或在随时间的一系列周期性治疗给药。为了透皮递送肉毒杆菌毒素用于上述的目的,局部施用如上所述的组合物至其中期望该作用的部位的皮肤。因为其性质,应当以一定的施用速率和施用频率慎重地施用最优选用量的所施用的肉毒杆菌毒素,所述速率和频率将产生期望的结果而不会引起任何不良的或不期望的结果。因此,例如,本发明的局部组合物应当以如下速率施用:从约1U至约20,000U,优选从约1U至约10,000U的肉毒杆菌毒素/cm2的皮肤表面。例如,可以优选地使用在这些范围内的较高剂量与控释物质的组合,或使在除去之前在皮肤上停留时间较短的物质。
本发明还包括用于递送如上所述的包含肉毒杆菌毒素的组合物透过皮肤的透皮递送装置。这样的装置可以是结构简单的如皮肤贴剂,或者可以是更复杂的装置,其包括用于配药和监测组合物配药的工具,和任选的用于从一个或多个方面监测患者病症包括监测患者对正在配药的物质的反应的工具。
通常,所述组合物和这样的装置可以预制备或预安装在所述装置中,或者可以更迟些制备,例如使用包含用于在施用时或在施用前混合的两种成分(肉毒杆菌毒素和非天然粘附分子)的试剂盒。非天然粘附分子的含量或其与肉毒杆菌毒素的比例将取决于选择在正讨论的组合物中使用的载体。在一个给定情况下,可以容易地确定载体分子的适当的用量或比例,例如,通过进行一个或多个试验比如如下所述的那些试验。
通常,本发明还涉及用于给药肉毒杆菌毒素(优选地如减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物)至需要其的受试者或患者的方法,其中将有效量的肉毒杆菌毒素与粘附分子一起局部给药,如本文描述的。“一起”是指在一个组合的步骤中给药两种组分(肉毒杆菌毒素和粘附分子),其可包括在局部给药至受试者前混合它们或分别给药它们,但是以一种使得它们一起起效以提供必需递送有效量的治疗蛋白质的方式。例如,可以首先将包含粘附分子的组合物施用于受试者的皮肤,然后通过施用皮肤贴剂或包含肉毒杆菌毒素的其它装置。可以将所述肉毒杆菌毒素以干燥形式加入皮肤贴剂中或其它配药装置中,并且可以在施用贴剂之前将粘附分子施用于皮肤表面,以便两种组分一起起作用,获得期望的透皮递送。因此,在那种情况下,所述两种物质(粘附分子和肉毒杆菌毒素)组合起作用或或许相互作用以形成组合物或原位组合。因此,本发明还包括具有用于配药肉毒杆菌毒素经皮肤的装置和液体剂、凝胶、乳膏剂等的试剂盒,所述剂型包含粘附分子,并且适于应用于受试者的皮肤或上皮细胞。用于给药本发明的组合物的试剂盒,在卫生保健专业人员的指导下给药或由患者或受试者给药,也可包括适于那些目的的常规涂药器。
本发明的组合物适用于具有pH为从约4.5至约6.3的生理环境下,因此,其可具有这样的pH。根据本发明的组合物可以贮藏在室温下或者冷冻条件下。
应当理解本文描述的下述实施例和实施方案仅仅是用于阐述的目的,根据其的各种改良和变化将由本领域技术人员提出,并且应当包括在本申请的精神和限度及附加权利要求的范围内。将所有本文引用的出版物、专利和专利申请以其全部引入作为参考用于所有的目的。
实施例1.使用唾液蛋白的体内肉毒杆菌毒素的转运
该试验证实了在单次给药后,唾液蛋白转运大的复合物透过完整的皮肤的用途,所述复合物包含完整标记的蛋白质肉毒杆菌毒素。
选择商标的A型肉毒杆菌毒素(Allergan,Irvine,CA)用于该试验。根据制造商的说明重构肉毒杆菌毒素。用计算的12倍摩尔过量的硫代NHS-LC生物素(Pierce Chemical,Rockford,IL)生物素化等分试样的蛋白质。将2.0单元的肉毒杆菌毒素/等分试样(即,总共20U)和计算的MW比为4:1的唾液蛋白混合至均匀,并用磷酸盐缓冲盐水稀释至200微升。将得到的组合物与1.8ml的洗剂混合至均匀,并等分为200微升的部分。
测定用包含唾液蛋白的肉毒杆菌毒素组合物单次处理后透皮递送
功效的动物试验
在应用处理期间,经由吸入异氟烷来麻醉动物。在麻醉后,对C57BLK/6小鼠(n=10)进行局部施用计量的200微升剂量的适当的处理,将其应用到背侧颅骨部分的皮肤(选择该皮肤,因为小鼠不能用嘴或四肢触及该区域)。对动物不进行脱毛。在初步处理后30分钟,经由吸入CO2对小鼠处以安乐死,由不知情的观察者收集足够厚的处理的皮肤碎片。将处理的碎片分成三个等份;将颅骨部分固定在10%中性缓冲的福尔马林中12-16小时,然后保存在70%乙醇中直至石蜡包埋。骤冷中心部分,由不知情的观察者按下述直接施用于生物素测定。骤冷处理的脊尾碎片用于增溶研究。
如下进行生物素测定。简单地,在室温下,将各个碎片浸入(Pierce Biotechnology,Rockford,IL)缓冲溶液中1小时。为了测定碱性磷酸酶活性,在生理盐水中洗涤横切片四次,然后将其浸入NBT BCIP(Pierce Biotechnology)中约1小时。然后,在生理盐水中洗涤切片,用具有平面-复消色差透镜的Nikon E600显微镜进行整体照像。由不知情的观察者使用Image Pro Plus软件(MediaCybernetics,Silver Spring,MD)经分批(batch)图像分析确定总的阳性染色,并标准化至总横截面积以测定各自的阳性染色百分数。接着,通过使用Statview软件(Abacus,Berkeley,CA)以单向ANOVA重复测量值在95%置信度的显著性分析测定平均值和标准误差。结果证实在皮肤完整的鼠科模型中局部给药后,唾液蛋白能有效地转运肉毒杆菌毒素。
实施例2.透皮给药肉毒杆菌毒素治疗面部皱纹
女性希望减少从她上唇左侧延伸出的细纹线。将一种透皮贴剂施用于她的包含细纹线的面部,所述透皮贴剂包含含有1单元A型肉毒杆菌毒素、0.01mg唾液蛋白且基本上不含非毒素蛋白质和白蛋白的组合物。仅仅在受试者睡眠当晚施用该贴剂。在1-7天内,细纹线的形态极大地减少。当继续施用该贴剂时,持续保持这一有益的效果。由于不含动物衍生白蛋白或明胶引起的抗原性降低允许重复使用该肉毒杆菌毒素组合物。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于透皮递送肉毒杆菌毒素的组合物,其包括:
肉毒杆菌毒素复合物或减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物;和粘附分子;
其中所述粘附分子与肉毒杆菌毒素复合物或减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物形成复合物。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述组合物进一步包括外源性稳定剂。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述由粘附分子和肉毒杆菌毒素复合物或减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物形成的复合物是非共价的。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中所述粘附分子是唾液蛋白。
5.根据权利要求4的组合物,其中所述减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物包含与直接从肉毒杆菌中提取的天然存在于肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中的量相比减少量的血凝素蛋白质或非毒素、非血凝素蛋白质或两者。
6.根据权利要求2的组合物,其中所述外源性稳定剂为白蛋白。
7.权利要求6的组合物,其中所述白蛋白的存在量等于在天然存在的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物中白蛋白含量的约500、400、300、200、100、50、10、5、1、0.5、0.1或0.01倍。
8.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述肉毒杆菌毒素复合物或减少的肉毒杆菌毒素复合物包含选自下述的肉毒杆菌毒素:肉毒杆菌毒素衍生物、重组体肉毒杆菌毒素、改性的肉毒杆菌毒素、A型肉毒杆菌毒素、B型肉毒杆菌毒素、C型肉毒杆菌毒素、D型肉毒杆菌毒素、E型肉毒杆菌毒素、F型肉毒杆菌毒素和G型肉毒杆菌毒素。
9.一种给药受试者肉毒杆菌毒素的方法,包括局部施用根据权利要求1的组合物。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中所述组合物施用于选自受试者身体的下述区域:脸、腋、手掌、手、足部、腰、颈、腿、腹股沟、臂、肘、膝、骨盆、臀部和躯干。
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CN101355962A (zh) | 2009-01-28 |
US20090163412A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
JP4944896B2 (ja) | 2012-06-06 |
WO2007059528A2 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
US8568740B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
CA2629499A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
BRPI0618753A2 (pt) | 2011-09-13 |
JP2009516700A (ja) | 2009-04-23 |
AU2006315117A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
WO2007059528A3 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
KR20080072717A (ko) | 2008-08-06 |
EP1948230A4 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
IL191378A (en) | 2014-01-30 |
US8518414B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
US20070116724A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
NZ568216A (en) | 2012-09-28 |
KR101423272B1 (ko) | 2014-07-30 |
EP1948230A2 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
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