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CN103111663A - 具有至少部分模制的本体的切削刀具及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有至少部分模制的本体的切削刀具及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103111663A
CN103111663A CN2012104614234A CN201210461423A CN103111663A CN 103111663 A CN103111663 A CN 103111663A CN 2012104614234 A CN2012104614234 A CN 2012104614234A CN 201210461423 A CN201210461423 A CN 201210461423A CN 103111663 A CN103111663 A CN 103111663A
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China
Prior art keywords
cutting tool
cutting
mould
molding part
coagulable
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CN103111663B (zh
Inventor
C·盖
F·戈
J·巴里
J·康诺利
T·米勒
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Kennametal Inc
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Kennametal Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/1009—Ball nose end mills
    • B23C5/1018—Ball nose end mills with permanently fixed cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0072—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making objects with integrated channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/22—Cutting tools with chip-breaking equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/0002—Drills with connected cutting heads, e.g. with non-exchangeable cutting heads; Drills with a single insert extending across the rotational axis and having at least two radially extending cutting edges in the working position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • B23B51/06—Drills with lubricating or cooling equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/109—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft with removable cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/18—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with permanently-fixed cutter-bits or teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/28—Features relating to lubricating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/006—Reaming tools with means for lubricating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D77/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D77/02—Reamers with inserted cutting edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/32—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools twist-drills
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
    • B23P15/34—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools milling cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/24—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by injection moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • B28B11/041—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers for moulded articles undergoing a thermal treatment at high temperatures, such as burning, after coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/006—Pressing by atmospheric pressure, as a result of vacuum generation or by gas or liquid pressure acting directly upon the material, e.g. jets of compressed air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0005—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor using fibre reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14467—Joining articles or parts of a single article
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2222/00—Materials of tools or workpieces composed of metals, alloys or metal matrices
    • B23B2222/16—Cermet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/12—Boron nitride
    • B23B2226/125—Boron nitride cubic [CBN]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/18—Ceramic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/27—Composites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/27—Composites
    • B23B2226/275—Carbon fibre reinforced carbon composites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
    • B23B2226/31—Diamond
    • B23B2226/315—Diamond polycrystalline [PCD]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during turning, boring or drilling
    • B23B2250/12—Cooling and lubrication
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2251/00—Details of tools for drilling machines
    • B23B2251/50—Drilling tools comprising cutting inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23C2226/12—Boron nitride
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
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    • B23C—MILLING
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    • B23C—MILLING
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during milling
    • B23C2250/12—Cooling and lubrication
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    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23D2277/02—Cutting head and shank made from two different components which are releasably or non-releasably attached to each other
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    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D2277/00—Reaming tools
    • B23D2277/24—Materials of the tool or the intended workpiece, methods of applying these materials
    • B23D2277/2435—Cubic boron nitride [CBN]
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

一种切削刀具，用于当机床使该切削刀具围绕一条中央轴线旋转时在工件进行切削操作，该切削刀具包括一个围绕该中央轴线布置的总体上圆柱形的本体。总体上圆柱形的本体包括一个第一端和一个相反的第二端。切削刀具进一步包括一个切削部分以及一个安装部分。切削部分被布置在总体上圆柱形的本体的第一端之处或附近、并且包括被结构化用于在切削操作过程中与工件相接合的多个切削刃。安装部分被布置在总体上圆柱形的本体的相反的第二端之处或附近、并且被结构化成有待与该机床相连接。总体上圆柱形的本体的至少一部分包括一个模制部分，模制部分是通过模制方法以将该切削部分连接到总体上圆柱形的本体上的方式围绕切削部分而形成的。

Description

具有至少部分模制的本体的切削刀具及其制造方法
背景
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及旋转式切削刀具，并且更特别地涉及具有总体上圆柱形的本体的切削刀具，该本体的至少一部分是通过模制方法形成的。本发明进一步涉及一种用于制造此类切削刀具的方法。
背景技术
旋转式切削刀具（例如但不限于：钻头、铰刀、或者端铣刀）通常是由硬化工具钢、由涂覆有二级硬化材料的硬化工具钢、或者由配备有其他硬化材料形成所形成的可更换的切削镶片的硬化工具钢总体形成的，其他硬化材料是诸如像聚晶金刚石（PCD）、聚晶立方氮化硼（PCBN）、陶瓷、烧结碳化物、以及金属陶瓷。尽管此类硬化材料一般产生了所希望的最终产品，但是与生产此类最终产品相关联的成本一般是不希望的，因为这些硬化材料典型地要求大量的时间和机加工以便生产一种完成的产品。
尽管已知的旋转式切削刀具在许多应用中已经是普遍适合的，但是仍然存在改进的空间。例如，当由单件的碳化物制成的钻头已经用于切削刃变钝的点上时，该钻头必须要么被丢弃要么被再修整。在大多数情况下，仅有这些切削刃被磨损而该切削刀具本体的剩余部分没有被磨损。丢弃该切削刀具明显地导致该工具不再被使用。另一方面，再修整提供了该工具的进一步使用，但是这种进一步使用与原始使用相比经常是更有限的并且伴随着通常大的再修整费用。
因此，对改进型切削刀具存在着需要。
发明内容
本发明的实施方案着手解决了现有技术中的多个缺陷，这些实施方案针对的是一种改进型旋转切削刀具及其制作方法。
作为本发明的一个方面，提供了一种切削刀具，当机床使该切削刀具围绕一条中央纵向轴线转动时该切削刀具在工件上进行切削操作。这种切削刀具包括：一个围绕该中央轴线布置的总体上圆柱形的本体，该总体上圆柱形的本体具有一个第一端以及一个相反的第二端；一个被布置在该总体上圆柱形的本体的第一端之处或附近的切削部分，该切削部分具有被结构化用于在切削操作过程中与工件相接合的多个切削刃；以及一个被布置在该总体上圆柱形的本体的相反的第二端之处或附近的安装部分，该安装部分被结构化用于与该机床相连接。该总体上圆柱形的本体的至少一部分包括一个通过模制方法形成的模制部分。该模制部分是围绕该切削部分以一种使该切削部分连接到该总体上圆柱形的本体上的方式而形成的。
该模制部分可以由纤维或颗粒来形成，这些纤维或颗粒是随机布置的或者以预定的层结构布置在一种基质材料之间/之中。
该圆柱形本体部分可以包括一个被布置在该中央轴线之处或附近的预成形的内芯部分，并且该模制部分可以围绕该内芯部分来形成。该内芯部分可以包括空心管状构件或实心圆柱形构件之一。该内芯部分可以由钢、碳化物、纤维增强的复合材料、或者颗粒增强的复合材料之一来形成。
该模制部分可以包括多个被布置或形成在其中的耐磨损元件。这些耐磨损元件可以由PCD、PCBN、碳化物、金属陶瓷、或陶瓷中的至少一种来形成。
该圆柱形本体部分可以包括多个切屑排空槽，并且该模制部分可以包括被布置在这多个槽之处或附近的多个耐磨损和/或耐热的颗粒。
该模制部分可以包括被布置在该安装部分之处或附近的多个耐磨损金属层和/或隔片。
该模制部分可以包括多个形成在其中的冷却通道。
该切削部分可以包括通过该模制部分而连接到该圆柱形本体上的多个板构件，并且这多个切削刃可以形成在被选择性地连接到该多个板构件上的多个切削镶片中。
作为本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种用于形成在旋转切削操作中使用的切削刀具的方法。该方法包括：提供由一个或多个模具区段形成的一个模具，该模具带有多个内表面，这些内表面限定了该模具内的一个呈切削刀具形状的内部空间；将该切削刀具的切削部分固定在该模具内；在该模具的内部空间内并且围绕该切削部分的一个部分提供一定量的可凝固的材料以便在该模具中形成一个切削刀具；允许该可凝固的材料凝固；并且从该模具中取出该切削刀具。
该方法可以进一步包括：在该模具中提供这个量的可凝固的材料之前将一个芯部分放在该模具内，并且在该模具内提供这个量的可凝固的材料可以包括围绕该芯部分来提供该可凝固的材料。
该方法可以进一步包括：在该模具中提供这个量的可凝固的材料之前将多个管状构件放在该模具内，并且在该模具内提供这个量的可凝固的材料可以包括围绕该多个管状构件来提供该材料。
这个量的可凝固的材料的可以通过注入方法来提供。
这个量的可凝固的材料可以通过真空方法将该可凝固的材料拉入该模具的内部空间内来提供。
该方法可以进一步包括在该可凝固的材料内提供多个耐磨损的元件。
该方法可以包括在从该模具中取出该切削刀具后电镀该凝固的材料的一部分。
附图说明
当结合这些附图来阅读时，可以从以下对优选实施方案的说明中获得对本发明的全面理解，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案的旋转式切削刀具的等距视图；
图2是图1的旋转式切削刀具沿线2-2而截取的截面视图；
图3是根据本发明的另一个示例性实施方案的旋转式切削刀具的截面视图；
图4是根据本发明的又另一个示例性实施方案的旋转式切削刀具的截面视图；
图5是根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案的旋转式切削刀具的一个部分的等距视图；
图6是根据本发明的另外一个示例性实施方案的旋转式切削刀具的一个部分的等距视图；并且
图7是用于形成根据本发明一个示例性实施方案的切削刀具的一个模具的示意性等距视图。
具体实施方式
这里使用的方向性词语（例如像：左、右、前、后、顶部、底部及其派生词）涉及在附图中示出的这些构件的取向，并且对于权利要求并非进行了限制，除非在此明确地引述。在所有附图中对相同的部件提供相同的参考号。
如在此使用的，术语“多个（number）”是指任何非零的数量（即，一个或大于一的任何数量）。
图1描绘了根据本发明一个非限制性实施方案的一种示例性的切削刀具，该切削刀具是用于在切削刀具10围绕一条中央纵向轴线11转动时在一个工件（未示出）上进行旋转切削操作。切削刀具10包括一个总体上圆柱形的刀具本体12，该刀具本体具有一个第一端14和一个相反的第二端16。尽管切削刀具10是以铰刀的形式示出的，但是应认识到的是在此说明的这些概念也可以应用到其他旋转式切削刀具，例如但不限于钻头（例如，单槽的、多槽的、螺旋的、直线的）、模块式钻头、分级钻头、端铣刀、平面铣刀、切槽刀具、车削刀具、钻杆、特形铣（router）、丝锥、以及圆锯。
继续参见图1，切削刀具10包括一个总体上布置在该第一端14之处或附近的切削部分17，该切削部分被结构化用于与一个工件（未示出）相结合并且当该切削刀具10围绕该中央纵向轴线11旋转时在该工件上进行切削操作。在所展示的实施方案中，切削部分17包括一个总体上垂直于轴线11布置的板构件18，该板构件具有作为其一部分形成的或者连接到其上（永久性地或者选择性地）多个（在所展示的实施方案中是两个）切削部分20。当在图1中所展示的实施方案中切削刀具10被描绘为铰刀，这些切削部分20包括两个铰削镶片，每个铰削镶片是选择性地连接到该板构件18上，使得每个镶片可以由于在使用中磨损或撕裂而按需要进行选择性地取出或者更换。此种选择性的连接可以通过本领域中通常用于将可移除的镶片连接到切削刀具上的各种手段来完成。
继续参见图1，切削刀具10进一步包括一个安装部分22，该安装部分总体上被布置在该第二端16之处或附近，该安装部分被适配成有待安装在一个卡盘上或者机床的其他类似部分上用于使该切削刀具10围绕轴线11旋转。在刀具本体12中可以提供从该切削部分17向安装部分22延伸的一个或多个槽23，以便辅助排空在切削操作过程中形成的切屑。尽管在所描绘的示例性实施方案中显示了具有多个直槽，但是应认识到在刀具本体12中提供的这些槽还可以是螺旋的、具有不同的量、或者其他适合的安排，而并不背离本发明的范围。应认识到切削刀具10可以包括之前描述的任何或所有特征、连同在此没有特别提及的已知切削刀具的其他多个特征，而并不背离本发明的范围。
切削刀具10与已知切削刀具的不同之处在于：该圆柱形本体12的全部或至少一部分是用模制方法以一种完成的或半完成的状态形成的。如图2中的截面视图所示，切削刀具10的整个刀具本体12是作为一种通过模制方法形成的模制部分24而形成的。此种模制方法是使用一种模具来进行的，如在图7中示意性描绘的模具25。模具25包括多个内表面26，这些内表面限定了一个呈该切削刀具10的外部形状形式的内部空间28。模具25优选是由一种诸如通常用于形成模具的适当刚性、或半刚性的材料形成，并且可以由多个部分（未编号）形成或者包括多个部分，这多个部分可以连接在一起而形成模具25并且于是随后分离以便有助于取出所形成的切削刀具10。模具24包括用于将切削刀具10的切削部分17固定在该内部空间28内的精确位置中的一个或多个连接结构30。尽管图7中仅示例性地进行了显示，但是此种或此类连接机构可以包括：夹具、螺钉型精密定位件、胶、或销。
优选地，模制部分24是由一种复合材料形成的。例如，模制部分24可以由纤维或颗粒来形成，这些纤维或颗粒是随机布置的或者以预定的层结构布置在一种可凝固的基质材料之间/之中。此种可凝固的基质材料可以被预浸渍有纤维并且随后在进一步的加工过程中凝固，或者优选地通过注入或真空方法而提供到该模具25中并且然后允许其凝固。可以形成该模制部分24的适合材料的实例包括但不限于：增强的塑料、碳纤维复合材料、金属基质复合材料、以及金属合金。
另外，模制部分24的所有或选定的部分可以由特别耐高温或磨损的选定材料来形成。例如，靠近切削部分17的区域通常要经受来自切削操作中的高热连同摩料碎屑。同样地，该刀具本体12的这些切屑排空部分（例如，槽23）通常也会经受这样的条件。图1的模制部分24的部分24’显示了此类区域的一些非限制性实例，这些区域希望地是由耐热/耐磨损材料形成。
图3和图4显示了根据本发明的其他实施方案的示例性切削刀具10’和10”的截面视图，这些实施方案结合了与切削刀具10类似的但以略微不同的方式形成的特征（例如但不限于槽23）。更特别地，切削刀具10’和10”显示了示例性的实施方案，在这些实施方案中刀具本体12’和12”是由一个围绕预成型的中央芯部52形成的模制部分50所形成的。在此类实例中，模制部分50总体上是如之前讨论的被成形的。如图3的示例性实施方案中所显示的，芯部52可以由一个实心圆柱形构件60来形成。如图4的示例性实施方案中所显示的，芯部52也可以由一个空心管状构件70来形成。在任一情况下，芯部52优选地由钢、碳化物、纤维增强的复合材料、颗粒增强的复合材料、或者其他适合材料形成的。芯部52可以初始地以无应力的状态来提供或者替代地可以在形成该模制部分50之前在其附近被施加预应力。例如，芯部52可以初始地放进一个模具如模具25中，在其附近形成该模制部分50之前处于受径向应力的条件（例如，扭绞的）下。芯部52的这种预加应力可以用于修饰弯曲或扭转行为。
空心管状构件70可以用作一个冷却剂通道以便提供冷却剂穿过刀具本体12”总体上到达该切削刀具10”的切削部分上的流动。作为替代方案，在某些应用中，管状构件70可以用于提供一种从与该切削刀具10”的切削部分相邻的切削区域中排空内部切屑的装置。
为了增加该切削刀具10的耐久性以及总体性能，在其中布置或形成一个或多个耐磨损元件。此类耐磨损元件可以（例如但不限于）由一种或多种PCD（聚晶金刚石）、PCBN（聚晶立方氮化硼）、碳化物、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、或其他适合材料来形成。例如，可以将耐磨损和/或耐热的颗粒结合到与这些槽相邻的模制部分中以便帮助保护这些槽不会由于与在切削过程中形成的热量和磨料碎屑相接触而变形，如之前关于图1的部分24’所说明的。类似地，模制材料在这些槽之处或附近的这些部分可以在该切削刀具已经在模具25中形成并且随后从中取出之后通过电镀方法被涂覆，以便为这些区域提供额外的保护。
作为另一个实例，如图5中所示，该模制部分可以包括被布置在该切削刀具10”’的安装部分22之处或附近的多个耐磨损的金属层和/或隔片70，以便增加该切削刀具在它将被安装在机床（未示出）中的位置之处或附近的强度/耐磨损性。
作为又另一个实例，如图6中所示，该模制部分可以在其中包括被模制在该切削刀具的前导端（即，第一端14）之处或附近的多个耐磨损部分72，这些部分用作该切削刀具的引导垫。因此，部分72将典型地从该刀具本体12略微向外延伸。
除了耐磨损的元件之外，还可以容易地将其他有益的元件结合到该切削刀具本体的模制部分中。作为一个实例，在模具25中可以提供多个刚性或半刚性的管状构件，使得该模制部分将总体上在其附近被形成。一旦这种模制部分被形成并且该切削工具从该模具中被取出，则此类管状构件可以用作冷却通道以用于帮助降低在切削操作过程中该刀具本体或切削部分之一或两者的温度。
虽然在此已经对本发明的具体实施方案进行了详细的说明，但本领域的普通技术人员应认识到，鉴于本披露的整体传授内容可以发展出对这些细节的不同的修改和替代方案。因此，所披露的具体安排仅是说明性的，而不作为对本发明的范围的限制，本发明的范围应涵盖在所附权利要求以及其任何和所有的等效物的全部广度内。

Claims (18)

1.一种切削刀具，用于当机床使该切削刀具围绕一条中央轴线转动时在一个工件上进行切削操作，该切削刀具包括：
一个围绕该中央轴线布置的总体上圆柱形的本体，该总体上圆柱形的本体具有一个第一端和一个相反的第二端；
一个被布置在该总体上圆柱形的本体的第一端之处或附近的切削部分，该切削部分具有被结构化用于在切削操作过程中与该工件相接合的多个切削刃；以及
一个被布置在该总体上圆柱形的本体的相反的第二端之处或附近的安装部分，该安装部分被结构化成有待与该机床相连接，
其中，该总体上圆柱形的本体的至少一部分包括一个通过模制方法形成的模制部分，并且
其中，该模制部分是围绕该切削部分以一种使该切削部分连接到该总体上圆柱形的本体上的方式而形成的。
2.如权利要求1所述的切削刀具，其中，该模制部分包括随机布置的或者以预定的层结构布置在一种基质材料之中/之内的纤维或颗粒。
3.如权利要求1所述的切削刀具，其中，该圆柱形的本体部分包括一个被布置在该中央轴线之处或附近的预成形的内芯部分，并且该模制部分是围绕该内芯部分形成的。
4.如权利要求3所述的切削刀具，其中，该内芯部分包括空心管状构件或实心圆柱形构件之一。
5.如权利要求3所述的切削刀具，其中，该内芯部分是由钢、碳化物、纤维增强的复合材料、或颗粒增强的复合材料之一形成的。
6.如权利要求1所述的切削刀具，其中，该模制部分包括被布置或形成在其中的多个耐磨损元件。
7.如权利要求6所述的切削刀具，其中，这些耐磨损元件是由PCD、PCBN、碳化物、金属陶瓷、或陶瓷中的至少一种形成的。
8.如权利要求1所述的切削刀具，其中，该圆柱形本体部分包括多个切屑排空槽，并且其中该模制部分可以包括被布置在该多个槽之处或附近的多个耐磨损和/或耐热的颗粒。
9.如权利要求1所述的切削刀具，其中，该模制部分包括被布置在该安装部分和该切削部分中的至少一个之处或附近的多个耐磨损和/或耐热的金属层和/或隔片。
10.如权利要求1所述的切削刀具，其中，该模制部分包括在其中形成的多个冷却通道。
11.如权利要求1所述的切削刀具，其中，该切削部分包括通过该模制部分而连接到该圆柱形的本体上的多个板构件，并且其中该多个切削刃是形成在被选择性地连接到该多个板构件上的多个切削镶片中。
12.一种用于形成在旋转切削操作中使用的切削刀具的方法，该方法包括：
提供由一个或多个模制区段形成的模具，该模具带有多个内表面，该多个内表面在该模具内限定了一个呈该切削刀具形状的内部空间；
将该切削刀具的切削部分固定在该模具内；
在该模具的内部空间并且围绕该切削部分的一个部分来提供一定量的可凝固的材料，以便在该模具内形成一个切削刀具；
允许该可凝固的材料凝固；
将该切削刀具从该模具中取出。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，进一步包括：在该模具中提供这个量的可凝固的材料之前将一个芯部分放在该模具内，并且其中在该模具内提供这个量的可凝固的材料包括围绕该芯部分来提供该可凝固的材料。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法，进一步包括：在该模具中提供这个量的可凝固的材料之前将多个管状构件放在该模具内，并且其中在该模具内提供这个量的可凝固的材料包括围绕该多个管状构件来提供该材料。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中，这个量的可凝固的材料是通过注入方法来提供的。
16.如权利要求12所述的方法，其中，这个量的可凝固的材料是通过真空方法将该可凝固的材料拉入该模具的内部空间内来提供的。
17.如权利要求12所述的方法，进一步包括在该可凝固的材料内提供多个耐磨损的元件。
18.如权利要求12所述的方法，进一步包括在从该模具中取出该切削刀具后对所凝固的材料的一部分进行电镀。
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