CN103109336B - The method for treating water of Continuous Flow electrode system and high power capacity power storage and these systems of use - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention uses electrochemical ion to absorb the principle of (charging) and ion desorb (electric discharge), and relate to fluid-bed electrode system, high power capacity energy storage system and use the method for treating water of these systems, wherein high power capacity electric energy is stored as the electrode material of slurry phase, and electrolyte flow in the thread channel design be formed on electrode simultaneously in a continuous manner.More specifically, the present invention relates to fluid-bed electrode system, energy storage system and method for treating water, wherein electrode active material is continuously to starch bulk flow, does not expand thus or multilayer electrode and easily obtain high power capacity.

Description

Continuous flow electrode systems and high capacity power storage and water treatment methods using these systems

technical field

The present invention uses the principles of electrochemical ion absorption (charging) and ion desorption (discharging), and relates to continuous flow electrode systems, high-capacity energy storage systems and water treatment methods using these systems, wherein the electrode material and electrolyte in the slurry phase Simultaneous flow in a continuous manner in the fine flow channel structure formed on the electrodes to store high-capacity electrical energy therein. More specifically, the present invention relates to continuous flow electrode systems, energy storage systems, and water treatment methods in which electrode active materials flow continuously in a slurry phase, thereby easily Get high capacity.

Background technique

In recent years, many countries around the world have made great efforts to develop clean alternative energy sources and technologies to store energy in order to solve problems related to air pollution and/or global warming. In particular, electric energy storage technologies include, for example, high-capacity power storage systems for storing electric energy generated by a large number of alternative energy sources, various kinds of mobile devices, small-sized but high-energy power storage systems for future electric vehicles to reduce atmospheric Pollution, etc., these are key points that will serve as the basis for future green industries. Most of such future technologies for power storage are used based on the principle of ion absorption (charging) and desorption (discharging), such as lithium-ion batteries or supercapacitors, so all countries in the world continue to work on meaningful research and development to pass Improving charge-discharge characteristics of materials and components enables efficient densification and capacity expansion.

Meanwhile, the same principle described above has also recently been used in water treatment applications including treatment of purified water or waste water, desalination of seawater, etc., whereby a very energy-efficient method of treating water compared to existing evaporation or reverse osmosis (RO), Namely, the capacitive deionization (CDI) process that is now being developed.

For power storage and water treatment systems using the same principles as described above, the most notable problems are high equipment cost and reduced efficiency of capacitive expansion. In other words, due to the increase in the electrode area for scaling up, the resulting irregularity of the electric field distribution in the electrode, the limited amount of active material in the membrane electrode coated on the current collector, the During the process, a decrease in the contact area caused by the binder between the active material and the electrolyte and a deterioration in charge-discharge efficiency, etc., a large number of unit cells must be stacked, so as to cause high equipment costs, and in particular, capacitive deionization (CDI ) deal with the problem of encountering increased operating costs due to pressure loss of water (electrolyte) in the stackflow.

Contents of the invention

【technical problem】

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a continuous flow electrode system with extended capacity without requiring stacking or increasing the electrode area to which capacity expansion is applied.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and economical high capacity energy storage system.

Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a water treatment method which enables water treatment with low energy costs.

【Technical solutions】

Aspect 1 of the present invention is directed to a continuous flow electrode system comprising: a flow anode comprising a flowable anode active material; a flow cathode comprising a flowable cathode active material; and an electrolyte.

According to the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 1, the anode active material and cathode active material flow continuously, thereby being continuously supplied to the system, so capacity can be easily expanded without stacking and/or increasing electrode area.

According to aspect 2 of the present invention, in the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 1 of the present invention, the anode includes an anode current collector; an anode separator; an anode flow channel is formed between the anode collector and the anode separator; An anode active material of a flow channel, and the cathode includes a cathode current collector; a cathode separation layer; a cathode flow channel formed between the cathode current collector and the cathode separation layer; and a cathode active material flowing through the cathode flow channel, wherein the The electrolyte flows through an insulating spacer formed between the anode separation layer and the cathode separation layer as an electrolyte flow channel.

According to the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 2, ion adsorption (charging) and/or desorption (discharging) is performed by ion exchange between the anode active material and the electrolyte or between the cathode active material and the electrolyte in order to store and/or generate energy.

According to aspect 3 of the present invention, in the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 2 of the present invention, the anode separation layer is a microporous insulating separation membrane or an anion exchange (conductive) membrane, and the cathode separation layer is a microporous insulating separation membrane or a cation exchange (conductive) film.

According to the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 3, ions can be transferred or exchanged from the active material to the electrolyte through the microporous insulating separation membrane or the anion exchange membrane, thereby storing and/or generating energy.

According to aspect 4 of the present invention, in the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 2 of the present invention, the anode active material or the cathode active material is mixed with the electrolyte to form a slurry-phase active material.

According to the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 4, it is easy to control the flow rate and constantly and continuously supply the active material to the unit continuous flow electrode system, thereby storing and/or generating energy constantly.

According to aspect 5 of the present invention, in the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 2 of the present invention, the anode active material or the cathode active material includes the same material.

According to the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 5, both anode and cathode active materials are stored and provided using only one device, thereby reducing inconvenience caused by storing and managing the above-mentioned active materials, and reducing costs for providing each device.

According to aspect 6 of the present invention, in the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 2 of the present invention, the separation layer is a microporous insulating separation membrane, and the anode active material or the cathode active material is micro-capsulated.

According to the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 6, the microencapsulated electrode active material allows an increase in the contact area with the electrolyte, thereby improving reactivity.

According to aspect 7 of the present invention, the flow direction of the electrolyte is opposite to the flow direction of the anode active material flowing to the anode and the cathode active material flowing to the cathode, wherein the two active materials flow in the same direction.

Based on the above technical configuration, various forms of continuous flow electrode systems can be designed.

According to aspect 8 of the invention, the anode active material flowing to the anode has a different flow rate than the cathode active material flowing to the cathode to provide an asymmetric electrode. That is, since they have different flow rates from each other, the absolute values of the flow rates may be different, or the flow directions may be opposite to each other. Therefore, it is possible to design various forms of continuous flow electrode systems.

According to aspect 9 of the present invention, the system has no separation layer. Therefore, the system has a simple structure. However, in order to prevent mixing of the anode active material and the cathode active material, the anode active material or the cathode active material is microencapsulated.

According to aspect 10 of the present invention, in the continuous flow electrode system in any one of aspects 1 to 9, the continuous flow electrode system is a secondary electrode or an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC).

According to the continuous flow electrode system of aspect 10, the system can be used in various forms depending on its purpose.

Aspect 11 of the present invention relates to a high-capacity energy storage system comprising: a continuous flow electrode system according to any one of aspects 1 to 9; feeding means for respectively supplying an anode active material, a cathode active material and an electrolyte; a power supply for supplying continuous flow An electrode system provides power; a changeover switch controls the potential difference that occurs in the power source; and a storage tank stores each of the anode active material, cathode active material, and electrolyte.

According to the energy storage system of aspect 11, the anode active material, cathode active material, and electrolyte are not stored in the continuous flow electrode system, but are stored in an additional storage tank provided separately and supplied to the system, which can store high capacity energy without requiring extended or stacked electrode areas. Therefore, scaling up for different capacities can be easily performed, and the cost of manufacture and operation is significantly reduced, whereby the above-mentioned system can be usefully used in the energy industry of the future.

According to aspect 12 of the present invention, in the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 11, the system further includes a resistor connected to the transfer switch.

According to the high capacity energy storage system of aspect 12, the switch is switched from the power source to the resistor, allowing the absorbed (charged) power of the ions stored in the storage tank to be output.

According to aspect 13 of the present invention, in the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 11, the feeding device includes a feeding tank and a feeding pump to respectively supply the anode active material, the cathode active material, and the electrolyte.

According to the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 13, the feed tank can be provided separately from the continuous flow electrode system, thereby achieving capacity expansion at reduced cost regardless of the size of the continuous flow electrode system.

According to aspect 14 of the present invention, in the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 13, a single feed tank is used as an anode active material feed tank to provide an anode active material, and simultaneously as a cathode active material feed tank to provide a cathode active material.

According to the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 14, when the anode active material is the same as the cathode active material, the active material can be sufficiently supplied using only a single feed tank, thereby reducing equipment cost.

According to aspect 15 of the present invention, in the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 13, two continuous flow electrode systems are provided, wherein a part of the continuous flow electrode system is used as a charging device and the remaining part is used as a discharging device, from the energy storage The anode active material and cathode active material flowing out of the device for discharge are recycled again to the anode active material feed tank and cathode active material feed tank, respectively.

According to the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 15, charging/discharging can be performed continuously and simultaneously, and it is not necessary to additionally provide the anode active material feeding tank and the cathode active material feeding tank, thereby reducing equipment cost.

According to aspect 16 of the present invention, in the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 11, the storage tank is an electrically insulating storage container.

According to the high-capacity storage system of aspect 16, the power stored in the storage tank is stably maintained without leakage.

According to aspect 17 of the present invention, in the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 11, the electrolyte includes seawater or industrial wastewater.

According to the high-capacity energy storage system of aspect 17, since seawater and wastewater are used as electrolytes, costs can be reduced and the above system can be used for desalination of seawater and purification of wastewater.

Aspect 18 of the present invention relates to a method of water treatment using the high-capacity energy storage system according to aspect 11 using capacitance elimination.

Using the water treatment method of aspect 18, large-scale water treatment can be performed with reduced equipment and operating costs.

Aspect 19 of the present invention is a method of seawater desalination using capacitive desalination using the high-capacity energy storage system according to aspect 11.

According to the seawater desalination method of aspect 19, large-scale seawater desalination can be performed with reduced equipment cost and operation cost.

Aspect 20 of the present invention is directed to a wastewater purification method using capacitive de-electricity using the high-capacity energy storage system according to aspect 11, wherein the electrolyte includes industrial wastewater.

According to the wastewater purification method of aspect 20, large-scale wastewater purification can be performed with reduced equipment costs and operating costs.

【Beneficial effect】

Contrary to the stationary-phase active material electrode coated on the existing current collector, the fine electrode active material having a size of several tens of nanometers to several tens of micrometers and separated from the current collector is continuously in a slurry mixed with the electrolyte phase flow, so high capacity can be easily achieved using only insulated storage containers and unit cells with fine flow channel structures, such energy storage and CDI deionization devices can be scaled up easily and appropriately for different capacities , resulting in a significant reduction in the cost of manufacturing and operating the device.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a continuous flow electrode system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a microcapsule containing an electrode material according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a high-capacity electrode system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a continuous flow electrode system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a continuous flow electrode system according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below. However, the following description is given to explain the present invention in more detail, and its design can be appropriately changed or modified by those skilled in the art.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a continuous flow electrode system includes a flowing anode comprising a flowing anode active material; a flowing cathode comprising a flowing cathode active material; and a flowing electrolyte.

The anode active material, cathode active material, and electrolyte may include any one used in a typical continuous flow electrode system (i.e., battery or storage battery), which may be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the purpose and/or situation of its use .

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the anode active material and the cathode active material may comprise different materials, or conversely, the same material.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, electrode materials such as anode active materials and/or cathode active materials may include porous carbon (activated carbon, carbon aerosol, carbon nanotubes, etc.), graphite powder, metal oxide powder, etc., which may Mix with electrolyte to be used in a fluidized state.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte includes water-soluble electrolytes, such as NaCl, H ₂ SO ₄ , HCl, NaOH, KOH, Na ₂ NO ₃ , etc., and organic electrolytes, such as propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate ( DEC), tetrahydrofuran (THF), etc.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the electrode active material flows alone, and the electrolyte may be a solid or a stationary phase electrolyte.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the anode includes an anode current collector; an anode separation layer; an anode flow channel formed between the anode current collector and the anode separation layer; and an anode active material flowing through the anode flow channel, and the cathode includes A cathode current collector; a cathode separation layer; a cathode flow channel formed between the cathode current collector and the cathode separation layer; and a cathode active material flowing through the cathode flow channel, wherein the electrolyte flows through the anode separation layer and the cathode separation layer flow channel between them.

The electrode current collector and the electrode separation layer may include any one used in conventional continuous flow electrode systems (batteries, accumulators, etc.), which may be appropriately selected or adopted by those skilled in the art according to the purpose and circumstances of their use.

The width of the anode flow channel or the cathode flow channel may be formed in a size equal to or smaller than the space between the electrode collector and the separation layer in a conventional continuous flow electrode system. Since the electrode active material is traditionally fixed, it causes the problem that when trying to obtain the required capacity of the active material required for charging/discharging, the size of the continuous flow electrode system increases, thereby limiting the electrode current collection. The space between the body and the separation layer. On the other hand, according to the present invention, since electrode active materials can be continuously supplied, design changes and/or modifications can be freely performed without limitation according to purposes, active materials of usable electrolytes, and the like. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the width and height of the flow channels used here may vary from tens of microns to several millimeters.

Similarly, the width of the insulating spacer can be appropriately changed without limitation caused by the size of the continuous flow electrode system, since the electrolyte can be continuously supplied.

But in order to increase charge/discharge efficiency, the speeds of the electrolyte and the active material may be different from each other, or conversely, the width ratio between the active material and the insulating spacer may be limited.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the anode separation layer may be a microporous insulating separation membrane or an anion exchange (conductive) membrane, and the cathode separation layer may be a microporous insulating separation membrane or a cation exchange (conductive) membrane.

Separation layers are used as electrical and physical separation, and microporous insulating separation membranes only allow ion transfer, while ion-exchange (conductive) membranes can selectively transport cations or anions.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the anode active material or the cathode active material may include a slurry phase active material including the anode active material or the cathode active material mixed with an electrolyte.

Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte may flow to the anode active material and the cathode active material in opposite directions. Therefore, it is possible to construct various forms of continuous flow electrode systems.

Furthermore, employing different flow rates of the anode active material in the anode and the cathode active material in the cathode may result in different reaction times of the anode active material and the cathode active material, respectively, with the electrolyte. Thereby, various design modifications are possible.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a continuous flow electrode system according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the system includes: an anode 10 comprising an anode current collector 11, an anode separation layer 13, and an anode active material 12 flowing through an anode flow channel 14 formed between the anode current collector 11 and the anode separation layer 13; A cathode 20 comprising a cathode current collector 21, a cathode separation layer 23, and a cathode active material 22 flowing through a cathode flow channel 24 formed between the cathode current collector 21 and the cathode separation layer 23; and flowing through the anode separation layer 13 The electrolyte 30 and the insulating spacer 34 formed between the cathode separation layer 23 .

The continuous flow electrode system may be a unit cell in which two or more unit cells may be arranged in series and electrode materials and electrolyte may flow simultaneously and continuously.

Also, as shown in FIG. 4 , it is possible to make the movement direction of the electrolyte 30 opposite to that of the anode active material 12 and the cathode active material 22 .

Referring to FIG. 2, the electrode material may be microencapsulated to increase the contact area between the electrolyte and the electrode material. More specifically, an anion separation layer (dense layer that selectively passes anions and blocks liquid electrolyte flow) and a cation separation layer (dense layer that selectively passes only cations) are used.

However, if a cathode active material encapsulated by each ion-selective layer is used (see Figure 2), there is no need to provide an ionically conductive dense layer between the two electrodes. Alternatively, when a microporous insulating separation membrane that allows electrolyte as well as ions to flow through is used, the contact area between the electrolyte and the encapsulated electrode active material particles becomes large.

Microencapsulated electrodes comprise a centrally located core and a shell surrounding the periphery of the core, wherein the shell material has properties to exchange ions present in the electrolyte. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shell material may include a polymer membrane capable of exchanging cations, which contains sulfonic acid groups (SO ₃ ^- ), carboxyl groups (COO ^- ), or phosphoric acid groups (PO ₄ ^- ), etc.; or anion-exchangeable A polymer film containing primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium groups bonded thereto. Microcapsules can be prepared by solid or liquid phase methods. In particular, in a liquid-phase method, a core/shell structure can be formed, such as by emulsification using a surfactant, polymerization of a polymerized monomer to prepare a shell material, or simultaneous or separate injection or extrusion of core and shell method to form microencapsulated electrodes. Since a microencapsulated electrode comprises a single particle or individual particles accumulated together and a shell surrounding it, it has the advantage that the electrode area per unit weight or volume is greater than the area of a bulk electrode formed by all the accumulated particles.

In particular, as shown in FIG. 5, direct mixing of anode active material and cathode active material with electrolyte can be avoided when fabricating a continuous flow electrode system 60 without a separation layer.

Next, referring to FIG. 3, an energy storage system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a continuous flow electrode system 1 in the form of a unit cell; a cathode active material feed tank 2a and a feed pump 41 to provide the cathode active material, which is mixed by mixing The cathode active material 22 and the electrolyte 30 are prepared into a slurry phase; the anode active material feed tank 2b and the feed pump 42, which provide the anode active material prepared into a slurry phase by mixing the anode active material 12 and the electrolyte 30; the electrolyte The feed tank 5 and the feed pump 43 provide the electrolyte 30; the power supply 7 supplies direct current to the continuous flow electrode system 1; the changeover switch 9 controls the potential difference existing in the power supply 7; Potential continuous flow electrode system 1 having an anode active material containing absorbed ions (charged) therein; a cation storage tank 4 storing therein a cathode active material containing absorbed ions (charged); and a deionized electrolyte storage tank 6.

The energy storage system 100 has the following technical functions:

When the potential difference present in the DC power supply 7, for example from 0.5 to 2.0 V, is applied to the continuous flow electrode system 1 through the changeover switch 9, the anode active material 12, the cathode active material 22 and the electrolyte 30 are simultaneously and continuously through the continuous flow electrode system 1.

The anode active material 12 and the cathode active material 22 may be pre-mixed with the electrolyte 30, and then flow out from the cathode active material feed tank 2a, the anode active material feed pipe 2b, and the electrolyte feed tank 5, respectively, and are fed by feed pumps 41, 42, and 43, respectively. to continuous flow electrode system 1. In this case, if the anode active material 12 and the cathode active material 22 used are identical to each other, only the feed tank 2 is used instead. Electrolyte in the electrolyte feed tank 5 is supplied from seawater or sewage via a feed pump 44 and a control valve 45 .

As described above, when the anode active material 12, cathode active material 22, and electrolyte 30 flow through the continuous flow electrode system 1 with an applied potential (in the direction of the solid line), ions are absorbed (charged) as they pass through the system. The electrode active materials 12 and 22 and the ion-free electrolyte 30 are stored in the storage tanks 3, 4, and 6, respectively. According to one embodiment, the storage tank is preferably an electrically insulating storage tank.

For conventional stationary-phase active material electrodes, after the ions are charged in the electrode active material, further charging is not possible. Therefore, in order to realize a high capacity, electrodes must have a large area or several electrodes must be laminated, thereby causing a large increase in device manufacturing or operating costs. However, according to the present invention, the active material can be continuously supplied and the active material which has absorbed ions is stored in the additionally provided storage tank, so a high capacity can be easily realized without enlarging or stacking the continuous flow electrode system 1 . Furthermore, since a continuous flow electrode system 1 can be provided (as required), scaling up for various capacities can be easily performed.

Meanwhile, a method of outputting (applying) the ion absorbing (charging) power of the electrode active material stored in each storage tank can reverse the ion absorbing (charging) process, including: turning off the DC power supply 7; By connecting the power supply to the resistor 8 while flowing the anode active material, cathode active material and electrolyte stored in the storage tanks 3, 4 and 6 in reverse order through the continuous flow electrode system 1 (in the dashed direction), by This carries out ion desorption (discharge) while passing through the continuous flow electrode system 1 .

In this regard, if charging and discharging are required to be performed simultaneously and continuously for a long time, two or more continuous flow electrode systems 1 may be provided to construct the final system. Among them, a part of the system can be used as a charging device, while the remaining part can be used as a discharging device. Here, it is not required to additionally provide the storage tanks 3 and 4 for the anode active material 12 and the cathode active material 22, and the ion-absorbing (charging) electrode active material for discharge in the continuous flow electrode system 1 can be directed toward the feed tank 2b and 2a is recycled without going through the storage tank mentioned above.

More specifically, the additionally installed continuous flow electrode system 1 for discharge may include a separation layer with ion-conducting properties, or use microencapsulated electrode materials, so as to achieve the prevention of contamination of electrode materials and rapid Interpret stored ion and electrolyte concentrations.

The energy storage system 100 according to the present invention can be applied to capacitive deionization type water treatment technology. For example, when seawater or industrial wastewater flows to the electrolyte feeding tank 5 and passes through the continuous flow electrode system 1 where a potential difference is generated, the water is desalinated (deionized) and stored in the electrolyte storage tank 6, thereby making seawater desalination and industrial wastewater Purification is possible.

Therefore, water treatment is possible with very low energy costs compared to existing evaporation or RO methods. High capacity water treatment is possible.

【example】

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail using examples. However, the following examples are given to describe the present invention in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

【Example 1】

(Fluidized deionization properties of activated carbon slurries from sodium chloride electrolyte)

A unit cell (continuous flow electrode system) with a microfine flow channel structure has been fabricated in which a cation exchange membrane (-SO ₃ ^- ), an anion exchange membrane (R ₃ N ⁺ - ), and spacers are placed in rectangular cathode and anode assemblies Electrical isolation (SUS316, 95×52mm, 22.4cm ² contact area). As shown in Table 2, using a miniature metering pump (Japan Fine Chemicals Co. Ltd, Minichemi pump), an aqueous sodium chloride electrolyte with a conductivity (concentration) ranging from 1030 μs to 11000 μs in 3 to 5 cc /min flow rate across the cell.

Meanwhile, the active material shown in Table 1 having an average particle size of about 95 nm and having fine pore characteristics, that is, activated carbon powder, was mixed with the same electrolyte at the concentration in Table 2, respectively. Subsequently, a DC potential difference of about 1.2 to 1.5 volts is applied to the Terminals for both cathode and anode. In this example, the ion-absorbing (charged) slurry-phase electrode active material passed through the two current collectors was not further stored, but was circulated towards the feed and storage tanks and simultaneously measured at approximately 30-minute intervals The current change of the current collector of the electrolyte and the concentration (conductivity) of the electrolyte are measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

According to the measurement results shown in Table 2, the existing solid-phase electrode exhibits a rapidly decreasing current while the electrode active material is saturated with absorbed ions (charged) over time (e.g. Korean Patent Publication No. 2002-0076629 ). On the other hand, the continuous flow electrode of the present invention shows a steady current if the electrolyte concentration is maintained constant. Based on the fact that the circulating slurry phase electrolytically active material when the concentration of electrolyte (conductivity) passing through the current collector is reduced by about 30-40% depending on the concentration of a given feed solution (electrolyte) As the concentration increases, it can be considered that electrolyte ions may be absorbed and stored by the continuous flow electrode material of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention easily solves the problems of existing stationary phase electrode systems related to the limitation of coating degree of electrode material in power storage and CDI desalination technology, high equipment cost and operation resulting from high capacity Costs can be significantly improved.

Description of reference numerals in the figure

1, 60: continuous flow electrode system, 2: active material feed tank

3: anion storage tank, 4: cation storage tank

5: Electrolyte feed tank, 6: Electrolyte storage tank

7: Power supply, 8: Resistor

9: Transfer switch, 41, 42, 43, 44: Feed pump

10: anode 11: anode current collector

12: Anode active material, 13: Anode separation layer

14: anode flow channel, 20: cathode

21: cathode current collector 22: cathode active material

23: cathode separation layer, 24: cathode flow channel

30: electrolyte, 34: insulating spacer

50: Capsule (ion membrane)

Claims (20)

1. A continuous flow electrode system comprising: a flow anode comprising an anode active material flowing through the anode flow channel; a flow cathode comprising cathode active material flowing through the cathode flow channel; and electrolyte, wherein ions can be transferred between the electrolyte and the flow anode and between the electrolyte and the flow cathode. 2. The continuous flow electrode system of claim 1, wherein the flow anode and insulating spacer are separated from each other by an anode separator, said flow cathode and said insulating spacer are separated from each other by a cathode separator, an anode current collector is mounted on the flow anode on the other side of the anode separator, and A cathode current collector is mounted on the other side of the cathode separator of the flow cathode. 3. The continuous flow electrode system of claim 2, wherein the anode separator is a microporous insulating separator or an anion exchange membrane, and The cathode isolation layer is a microporous insulating isolation membrane or a cation exchange membrane. 4. The continuous flow electrode system of claim 2, wherein the anode active material or the cathode active material is mixed with the electrolyte to form a slurry phase of the active material. 5. The continuous flow electrode system of claim 2, wherein the anode active material or the cathode active material comprise the same material. 6. The continuous flow electrode system of claim 2, wherein the barrier layer is a microporous insulating barrier film, and The anode active material or the cathode active material is microencapsulated. 7. The continuous flow electrode system of claim 1 , wherein the flow direction of the electrolyte is opposite to the flow direction of both the anode active material of the flow anode and the cathode active material of the flow cathode, wherein Both active materials flow in the same direction. 8. The continuous flow electrode system of claim 1, wherein the anode active material of the flow anode electrode has a different flow rate than the cathode active material of the flow cathode. 9. The continuous flow electrode system of claim 1, wherein said anode comprises an anode current collector; and said anode active material flows adjacent said anode current collector, the cathode includes a cathode current collector; and the cathode active material flows adjacent the cathode current collector, the electrolyte flows between the anode active material and the cathode active material, and The anode active material or the cathode active material is microencapsulated. 10. The continuous flow electrode system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the continuous flow electrode system is a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). 11. A high capacity energy storage system comprising: A continuous flow electrode system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9; feed means for providing said anode active material, cathode active material and electrolyte, respectively; a power supply providing power to said continuous flow electrode system; a changeover switch controlling the potential difference occurring in said power supply; and A storage tank for storing each of the anode active material, cathode active material and electrolyte. 12. The high capacity energy storage system of claim 11, further comprising a resistor connected to the transfer switch. 13. The high capacity energy storage system of claim 11, wherein the feed means comprises a feed tank and a feed pump to provide the anode active material, cathode active material and electrolyte, respectively. 14. The high capacity energy storage system of claim 13, wherein a single feed tank is used as an anode active material feed tank to provide said anode active material and simultaneously as a cathode material feed tank to provide cathode active material. 15. A high capacity energy storage system as claimed in claim 13, wherein two continuous flow electrode systems are provided, wherein a part of said continuous flow electrode systems is used as charging means and the remaining part is used as discharging means, and The anode active material and the cathode active material flowing from the energy storage device for discharge are recycled again to the anode active material feed tank and the cathode active material feed tank, respectively. 16. The high capacity energy storage system of claim 11, wherein the storage tank is an electrically insulating storage vessel. 17. The high capacity energy storage system of claim 11, wherein the electrolyte comprises seawater or industrial wastewater. 18. A method of water treatment using capacitive deionization (CDI) using the high capacity energy storage system according to claim 11. 19. A method of seawater desalination using capacitive deionization (CDI) using the high capacity energy storage system according to claim 11, wherein said electrolyte comprises seawater. 20. A method of wastewater purification using capacitive deionization (CDI) using the high capacity energy storage system according to claim 11, wherein said electrolyte comprises industrial wastewater.