CN103108470B - Dynamic linear control light emitting diode (LED) driver circuit - Google Patents
Dynamic linear control light emitting diode (LED) driver circuit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic linear control light emitting diode (LED) driver circuit which comprises a rectifier module, a sampling module, a feedback module, a constant-current control module, a constant-current driver module. The rectifier module is used for converting input mains supply signals to linear driving voltage signals which are output to an LED load. The sampling module is used for acquiring driving current which flows through the LED load. The feedback module is used for acquiring the linear driving voltage signals. The constant-current control module is used for generating constant current adjusting signals according to the driving current and generating constant current control signals according to the linear driving voltage signals. The constant-current driver module is used for controlling current of the load to be constant current according to the constant current adjusting signals and the constant current control signals. According to the dynamic linear control LED driver circuit, a conducting mode and a non-conducting mode of a power switch can be chosen according to the magnitude of linear voltage of the LED load, and therefore the linear LED driving efficiency can be greatly improved. More specially, when input voltage is low and the LED load is in a high-working-efficiency mode, the constant-current control module enables the power switch to be in the conducting mode, and therefore a constant current output state of an LED is guaranteed; and when the input voltage is high and the LED load is in a low-working-efficiency mode, the constant-current control module enables the power switch to be shut down forcibly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to LED driving, in particular to a dynamic linear control LED driving circuit.
Background
With the popularization of green lighting, Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting has been rapidly developed. The LED driving power supply is generally implemented by using a switching power supply. Linear drive power supplies are abandoned by engineers because of efficiency issues. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional LED linear driving circuit, and as shown in fig. 1, a rectifier bridge 110 is composed of 4 high-voltage diodes, and a filter capacitor 101 rectifies a mains signal (generally, a sinusoidal ac voltage) into a dc voltage. The power supply module of the control chip 105 comprises a voltage dividing resistor 102, a clamping diode 103 and a decoupling capacitor 104 of the control chip, and can divide about 10V from about 300VDC input voltage to work for the driving chip. The main function of the control chip 105 is to stabilize the LED driving current, which is constant through the LED regardless of input voltage variations or regardless of LED load 106 variations.
The LED load 106 is a load LED string light, and needs a constant current to drive, the magnitude of the current is determined by the type of the LED, and the driving current of the LED with high brightness is generally 300 mA. The drive switch 107 for the drive power supply is typically a power MOSFET. The magnitude of the driving current is determined by the resistance of the sensing resistor 108 of the driving current.
The principle of the linear driving power supply in fig. 1 is: the control chip samples the voltage at node 54, and by adjusting the voltage at node 53, ensures a constant voltage at node 54, so that the drive current through the LED is constant: i _ led ═ Vcs/Rcs; where I _ LED is the drive current through LED load 106 and Vcs is the voltage at the control chip CS pin, i.e., the voltage at node 504.
The linear constant-current driving circuit has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost and low electromagnetic interference, but has a fatal weakness: poor efficiency and limited lifetime.
Fig. 2 shows a waveform diagram of the voltages at nodes 50, 51, 53 and 54 in fig. 1, where as shown in fig. 2, the voltage Vac of the incoming mains signal is at node 50, and the voltage of the global mains signal ranges from 90Vac to 265 Vac. At node 51 is the filtered line voltage (also shown asReferred to as linear voltage) Vline of magnitudeAt node 54 is a reference voltage Vcs, typically about 0.5V, determined by the control chip 105. At node 53 is the drive voltage Vout of the control chip 105. The operating efficiency η is V _ LED × I _ LED/(V _ LED × I _ LED + I _ LED × Vd), V _ LED is the voltage drop of the LED load 106, I _ LED is the driving current of the LED, and Vd is the voltage at the drain terminal of the power switch 107, i.e., the voltage at the node 52. For example, a high voltage LED scheme of 5W with an output voltage of 100V and an output current of 50mA may be used.
In practice, the drive circuit of FIG. 1 has an efficiency of up to 78% at 90VAC, but at an input voltage of 135VAC, the efficiency is only 52%, and if operating in the full voltage range, the efficiency is as low as 30% at 265VAC, the system cannot operate at all. Therefore, the driving circuit can operate only marginally in a range of a single voltage (90Vac to 136 Vac). But its low efficiency losses are concentrated in the power switch 107. The heat dissipation and the service life of the power switch tube put high demands on the linear LED driving power supply. Therefore, a linear constant current driving scheme that solves efficiency and lifetime is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a dynamic linear control LED drive circuit aiming at the defect of low efficiency of the linear control LED drive circuit in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention provides a dynamic linear control LED drive circuit, which comprises:
the rectification module is used for converting an input mains supply signal into a linear driving voltage signal so as to output the linear driving voltage signal to the LED load;
the sampling module is used for acquiring the driving current flowing through the LED load;
the feedback module is used for acquiring the linear driving voltage signal;
the constant current control module is used for generating a constant current adjusting signal according to the driving current and generating a constant current control signal according to the linear voltage signal;
and the constant current driving module is used for controlling the load current to be constant current according to the constant current adjusting signal and the constant current control signal.
In a dynamic linear control LED driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention,
the rectifying module comprises a rectifying bridge, the common cathode end of the rectifying bridge is connected with the positive end of the LED load, the common anode end of the rectifying bridge is grounded, and the other two ends of the rectifying bridge are connected with the mains supply signal;
the constant current driving module comprises a power switch tube, the grid electrode of the power switch tube is connected with the output end of the constant current control module, and the drain electrode of the power switch tube is connected with the negative electrode end of the LED load;
the sampling module comprises a sampling resistor, the first end of the sampling resistor is connected with the source electrode of the power switch tube and the first input end of the constant current control module, and the second end of the sampling resistor is grounded; the constant current control module generates the constant current adjusting signal for controlling the grid voltage of the power switching tube according to the voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor, and outputs the constant current adjusting signal to the grid of the power switching tube from the output end so as to control the voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor to be constant voltage;
the feedback module comprises a first resistor and a second resistor, the common end of the first resistor and the second resistor is connected with the second input end of the constant current control module, the other end of the first resistor is connected with the negative end of the LED load, and the other end of the second resistor is grounded; and the constant current control module generates the constant current control signal for controlling the power switch tube to be switched on or switched off according to the voltage at the common end, and outputs the constant current control signal to the grid electrode of the power switch tube from the output end.
In the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention, the power switch tube is a power MOSFET.
In the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit further includes a power factor adjusting module for increasing a power factor of the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit; wherein,
the power factor adjusting module comprises an auxiliary LED load and an auxiliary power switch tube;
the positive end of the auxiliary LED load is connected with the negative end of the LED load;
the drain electrode of the auxiliary power switch tube is connected with the negative electrode end of the auxiliary LED load, the source electrode of the auxiliary power switch tube is connected with the first input end of the constant current control module, and the grid electrode of the auxiliary power switch tube is connected with the second input end of the constant current control module; and the auxiliary power switch tube is conducted for at least a period of time in the off period of the power switch tube under the control of the constant current control module to improve the continuity of the driving current, so as to improve the power factor of the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit.
In the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary power switch tube is a power MOSFET.
In the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit further includes a decoupling capacitor; and two ends of the decoupling capacitor are respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of the LED load.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the on and off modes of the power switch tube are selected according to the linear voltage of the LED load, so that the linear LED driving efficiency can be greatly improved. Specifically, when the input voltage is low and the high-efficiency work is performed, the constant-current control module conducts the power switch tube, and the state of the LED in constant-current output is ensured. When the high input voltage works in low efficiency, the constant current control module forcibly turns off the power switch tube. Therefore, in a period of sinusoidal alternating current, when the mains supply input voltage is not at a peak, the operation mode of the driving circuit in the invention is the same as that of the existing linear LED driving circuit. When the mains supply input voltage is at a wave crest, the power switch tube of the driving circuit in the invention enters a closing mode, and the driving circuit can not consume power from the mains supply signal. The efficiency is significantly improved compared to the existing linear LED driving circuit.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional LED linear drive circuit;
FIG. 2 shows a waveform diagram of the voltages at nodes 50, 51, 53 and 54 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a circuit schematic of a dynamic linear control LED driver circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a waveform of the voltages at nodes 50, 51, 53 and 54 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 shows a circuit schematic of a driver circuit comprising a power factor adjustment module;
FIG. 6 shows a waveform of the voltages at nodes 50, 51, 53, 56 and 54 in FIG. 5;
fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a constant current control module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 3 shows a circuit schematic diagram of a dynamic linear control LED driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as a driving circuit) includes: the constant current driving circuit comprises a rectifying module 100, a sampling module 200, a feedback module 300, a constant current control module 400 and a constant current driving module 500. The rectifier module 100 may convert the input commercial power signal into a linear driving voltage signal, and output the linear driving voltage signal to the LED load to drive the LED load to operate. The sampling module 200 may obtain a driving current flowing through the LED load and output the driving current to the constant current control module 400. The feedback module 300 can obtain the linear driving voltage signal and feed back to the constant current control module 400. Thus, the constant current control module 400 may generate the constant current adjustment signal according to the driving current, and generate the constant current control signal according to the linear voltage signal; and outputs the constant current adjustment signal and the constant current control signal to the constant current driving module 500. The constant current driving module 500 may control the load current to be a constant current according to the constant current adjustment signal and the constant current control signal.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rectifier module 100 includes a rectifier bridge, which may be made up of four high voltage diodes. The common cathode terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the anode terminal of the LED load, the common anode terminal of the rectifier bridge is grounded, and the other two terminals of the rectifier bridge are connected to a commercial power signal, i.e., the AC input in fig. 2.
The constant current driving module 500 includes a power switch transistor, which may be a power MOSFET. The gate of the power switch tube is connected to the output terminal OUT of the constant current control module 400, and the drain is connected to the negative terminal of the LED load. In the present invention, the reference numeral 500 may also denote a power switch tube.
The sampling module 200 includes a sampling resistor, a first end of the sampling resistor is connected to the source of the power switch tube and is also connected to the first input terminal CS of the constant current control module 400, and a second end of the sampling resistor is grounded. So that the constant current control module 400 generates a constant current adjusting signal for controlling the gate voltage of the power switching tube according to the voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor, and outputs the constant current adjusting signal to the gate of the power switching tube from the output end OUT to control the voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor to be a constant voltage.
The feedback module 300 includes a first resistor 310 and a second resistor 320, a common terminal of the first resistor 310 and the second resistor 320 is connected to the second input terminal FB of the constant current control module 400, the other terminal of the first resistor 310 is connected to the negative terminal of the LED load, and the other terminal of the second resistor 320 is grounded; so that the constant current control module 400 generates a constant current control signal for controlling the power switch tube to be turned on or off according to the voltage magnitude at the common terminal, and outputs the constant current control signal to the gate of the power switch tube from the output terminal OUT.
Fig. 4 shows waveforms of voltages at nodes 50, 51, 53 and 54 in fig. 3, and the operation of the driving circuit in fig. 3 will be explained in conjunction with the voltage waveform diagram of fig. 4. First, the constant current control module 400 receives the voltage across the sampling resistor from the first input terminal CS, and since the current passing through the sampling resistor determines the driving current of the LED load, the driving current of the LED load can be controlled to be a constant current as long as the voltage across the sampling resistor is controlled to be a constant voltage. In operation, the constant current control module 400 may generate a constant current adjusting signal according to the obtained voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor, where the constant current adjusting signal may be a gate voltage directly output to the power switching tube, and the voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor may be ensured to be a constant value by adjusting the gate voltage (i.e., a specific value of the gate voltage), so that the driving current flowing through the LED load is a constant current. As can be seen here, the constant current adjustment signal determines the magnitude of Vout in fig. 4.
On the other hand, the node 50 is an input ac voltage signal Vac, and the node 51 is a linear driving voltage signal (which may be referred to as a line voltage) Vline after being processed and filtered, and the voltage signal is used for driving the LED load to operate. The line voltage is divided by the LED load, the first resistor 310 and the second resistor 320, and the voltage at the node 55, that is, the input voltage VFB of the second input terminal FB of the constant current control module 400 is (Vline-V _ LED) × R _320/(R _310+ R _320), where V _ LED is the voltage drop of the LED load, and R _310 and R _320 are the resistances of the first resistor 310 and the second resistor 320 of fig. 3, respectively. At this time, the voltage waveform at the node 55 is the same as that at the node 51, i.e., the waveform diagram of the voltage VFB is the same as that of Vline.
It should be noted that the waveform of the linear voltage Vline in fig. 4 is different from that of the linear voltage Vline in fig. 2 because the capacitance value of the filter capacitor 101 of fig. 1 is large, an electrolytic capacitor is generally required, a conventional operation mode is adopted, and correction of a power factor is not considered. However, for the driving circuit in fig. 3, the capacitance of the filter capacitor 101 is very small, no electrolytic capacitor is needed, and it is also possible to incorporate optimization of the power factor, therefore, the Vline waveforms of fig. 4 and fig. 2 are different.
In operation, the constant current control module 400 generates a constant current control signal for controlling the power switching tube to be turned on or off according to the voltage information of the VFB, and the constant current control signal is output from the output terminal OUT of the constant current control module 400 to the gate of the power switching tube. For example, if the voltage of VFB is greater than a predetermined reference voltage, the constant current control module 400 generates a constant current control signal for turning off the power switch transistor, thereby turning off the driving voltage at the output terminal OUT. For example, referring to fig. 4, referring to the waveform of the voltage Vout output by the output terminal OUT of the constant current control module 400, when the voltage of Vline is greater than a certain value, Vout becomes zero potential, because the output terminal OUT is at zero potential, the power switch is in a non-conducting state, the current through the detection resistor is zero, and the voltage Vcs at the first input terminal CS is also zero, as shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from this, the constant current control signal determines whether Vout in fig. 4 has a driving voltage signal output or a zero voltage output, i.e., does not output a driving voltage signal.
The mode of switching on and off the power switch tube is selected according to the voltage of the Vline, so that the efficiency of linear LED driving can be greatly improved. When the input voltage is low and the high-efficiency work is performed, the constant current control module 400 conducts the power switch tube, so that the state of the LED in constant current output is ensured. When the power switch tube works in low efficiency at high input voltage, the constant current control module 400 turns off the power switch tube forcibly. Therefore, in a period of sinusoidal alternating current, when the input voltage Vac is not at a peak, the operation mode of the driving circuit of the present invention is the same as that of the conventional linear LED driving circuit. When the input voltage Vac is at a peak, the power switch tube of the driving circuit of the present invention enters a turn-off mode, and the driving circuit does not consume power from the mains supply signal. The efficiency is significantly improved compared to the existing linear LED driving circuit. In addition, the system is in a closed state for a part of time in a period, the control of constant current is difficult, and the invention adopts an average current feedback technology to realize. Fig. 3 shows 109 the compensation capacitance of the loop.
Although the efficiency is improved by using the feedback module 300, another problem is caused because the driving circuit is in an off state and the input current (the driving current of the LED load) is zero at the peak of one cycle, so that the input voltage and the input current are not synchronized, resulting in a poor power factor. Therefore, to solve this problem, the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a power factor adjusting module for increasing the power factor of the driving circuit.
Fig. 5 shows a circuit schematic of a driver circuit comprising a power factor adjustment module, which, as shown in fig. 5, comprises an auxiliary LED load 710 and an auxiliary power switch tube 720; the positive terminal of auxiliary LED load 710 is connected to the negative terminal of LED load 106; the drain of the auxiliary power switch 720 is connected to the negative terminal of the auxiliary LED load 710, the source is connected to the first input terminal CS of the constant current control module 400, and the gate is connected to the second output terminal out2 of the constant current control module 400; under the control of the constant current control module 400, the auxiliary power switch 720 is turned on for at least a period of time in the off period of the power switch to improve the continuity of the driving current, so as to improve the power factor of the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit. The auxiliary power switch 720 may be a power MOSFET.
Fig. 6 shows a waveform diagram of the voltages at nodes 50, 51, 53, 56 and 54 in fig. 5, where at node 50 is the voltage Vac of the incoming mains signal; at node 51 is the filtered line voltage Vline; the node 53 is the output voltage Vout of the output terminal OUT of the constant current control module 400; the node 56 is the output voltage Vout2 of the second output terminal OUT2 of the constant current controller; at node 54 is the voltage Vcs at the first input CS of the constant current control module 400.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the auxiliary LED load 710 is turned on for at least a portion of the off period of the power switch, and preferably only in the peak region near the ac input. The auxiliary power switch 720 is used to control the duty cycle of the auxiliary LED load 710. For example, as shown in fig. 6, referring to the waveform of the driving voltage Vout2 of the auxiliary power switch tube output by the second output terminal OUT2 of the constant current control module, it is selected to conduct in a time region close to the peak time. Therefore, the time that the power switch tube and the auxiliary power switch tube are not conducted at the same time can be greatly reduced, namely, the continuity of the input current is improved, and the power factor of the system is improved.
As also shown in fig. 3 and 5, the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include a decoupling capacitor 600; the two ends of the decoupling capacitor 600 are connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the LED load, respectively. The decoupling capacitor can reduce ripples of the output current of the LED, reduce the light attenuation of the LED and ensure the service life of the LED.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant current control module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the constant current control module includes a power supply unit 401 for increasing a reference voltage and a power supply voltage for the constant current control module. The circuit further includes a line voltage detection unit 403, which detects the magnitude of the input voltage through a second input terminal (i.e., FB pin) of the constant current control module, and selects the constant current control module to operate in different operating modes. The constant current control mode further includes loop constant current control units 404, 405, and 406, and an average current detection unit 404 that calculates an average current through the LED load by detecting signals of the line voltage detection unit 403 and the first input terminal. Wherein reference numeral 405 denotes an error amplifier, which functions to ensure that the voltage at the inverting terminal of the error amplifier 405 is equal to the reference voltage at the positive terminal by adjusting the input signal of the loop constant current control unit 406, thereby ensuring a constant value of the output current. The constant current control module also includes a logic control unit 407, which is the signal processing center of the entire drive circuit. The control unit controls the switch of the driving unit 408, and finally, the high efficiency and the high power factor of the system are ensured while the constant current driving is realized.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A dynamic linear control LED driver circuit, comprising:
the rectification module is used for converting an input mains supply signal into a linear driving voltage signal so as to output the linear driving voltage signal to the LED load;
the sampling module is used for acquiring the driving current flowing through the LED load;
the feedback module is used for acquiring the linear driving voltage signal;
the constant current control module is used for generating a constant current adjusting signal according to the driving current and generating a constant current control signal according to the linear driving voltage signal;
the constant current driving module is used for controlling the load current to be constant current according to the constant current adjusting signal and the constant current control signal;
the power factor adjusting module is used for improving the power factor of the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit; the power factor adjusting module comprises an auxiliary LED load and an auxiliary power switch tube; wherein:
the positive end of the auxiliary LED load is connected with the negative end of the LED load;
the drain of the auxiliary power switch tube is connected with the negative end of the auxiliary LED load, the source is connected with the first input end of the constant current control module, and the gate is connected with the second output end out2 of the constant current control module; and the auxiliary power switch tube is conducted for at least a period of time in the off period of the power switch tube under the control of the constant current control module to improve the continuity of the driving current, so as to improve the power factor of the dynamic linear control LED driving circuit.
2. The dynamic linear control LED driver circuit of claim 1,
the rectifying module comprises a rectifying bridge, the common cathode end of the rectifying bridge is connected with the positive end of the LED load, the common anode end of the rectifying bridge is grounded, and the other two ends of the rectifying bridge are connected with the mains supply signal;
the constant current driving module comprises a power switch tube, the grid electrode of the power switch tube is connected with the output end of the constant current control module, and the drain electrode of the power switch tube is connected with the negative electrode end of the LED load;
the sampling module comprises a sampling resistor, the first end of the sampling resistor is connected with the source electrode of the power switch tube and the first input end of the constant current control module, and the second end of the sampling resistor is grounded; the constant current control module generates the constant current adjusting signal for controlling the grid voltage of the power switching tube according to the voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor, and outputs the constant current adjusting signal to the grid of the power switching tube from the output end so as to control the voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor to be constant voltage;
the feedback module comprises a first resistor and a second resistor, the common end of the first resistor and the second resistor is connected with the second input end of the constant current control module, the other end of the first resistor is connected with the negative end of the LED load, and the other end of the second resistor is grounded; and the constant current control module generates the constant current control signal for controlling the power switch tube to be switched on or switched off according to the voltage at the common end, and outputs the constant current control signal to the grid electrode of the power switch tube from the output end.
3. The dynamic linear control LED drive circuit of claim 2, wherein the power switching tube is a power MOSFET.
4. The dynamic linear control LED drive circuit of claim 2, wherein the auxiliary power switch tube is a power MOSFET.
5. The dynamic linear control LED driving circuit according to any of claims 1-4, further comprising a decoupling capacitor; and two ends of the decoupling capacitor are respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of the LED load.
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| CN201310046424.7A CN103108470B (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2013-02-06 | Dynamic linear control light emitting diode (LED) driver circuit |
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| CN201310046424.7A CN103108470B (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2013-02-06 | Dynamic linear control light emitting diode (LED) driver circuit |
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| CN113225871A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-06 | 美芯晟科技（北京）有限公司 | Driving circuit |
| CN119545594A (en) * | 2024-09-30 | 2025-02-28 | 东莞康视达自动化科技有限公司 | High and low brightness constant current time-sharing line scanning control system and control method based on machine vision |
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| CN203072226U (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-07-17 | 深圳市芯飞凌半导体有限公司 | Dynamic-linear-control LED driving circuit |
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| CN2664278Y (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2004-12-15 | 上海新华电子设备有限公司 | DC/DC power supply module having under-voltage and current-limiting protection |
| CN201491339U (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2010-05-26 | 浙江光益光能科技有限公司 | A kind of LED driving circuit |
| CN203072226U (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-07-17 | 深圳市芯飞凌半导体有限公司 | Dynamic-linear-control LED driving circuit |
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| CN103108470A (en) | 2013-05-15 |
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