CN103104920A - Capture method of heavy metals and ultrafine particles in the process of solid waste incineration - Google Patents
Capture method of heavy metals and ultrafine particles in the process of solid waste incineration Download PDFInfo
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- CN103104920A CN103104920A CN2013100390614A CN201310039061A CN103104920A CN 103104920 A CN103104920 A CN 103104920A CN 2013100390614 A CN2013100390614 A CN 2013100390614A CN 201310039061 A CN201310039061 A CN 201310039061A CN 103104920 A CN103104920 A CN 103104920A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for trapping heavy metals and ultrafine particles in the incineration process of solid waste, which comprises the following steps: (1) pulverizing zeolite into zeolite powder; (2) mixing the zeolite powder and the percolate and then spraying the mixture into a solid waste incinerator; (3) the zeolite powder absorbs heavy metal and ultrafine particles in the solid waste incinerator, and then enters the bag type dust collector along with the flue gas to be collected by the bag type dust collector. The zeolite powder is firstly efficiently adsorbed to heavy metal ions in the percolate, then the zeolite powder and the percolate enter the solid waste incinerator together, the heavy metal ions on the surface of the zeolite powder react with the zeolite powder to generate eutectic substances, eutectic melting is generated, the potential energy of the zeolite surface reaction is reduced, the reaction of the zeolite powder and metal steam in smoke is further promoted, meanwhile, the melted surface also promotes the adhesion of the zeolite powder to ultrafine particles, so that the comprehensive performance of zeolite is improved, and finally, the adsorbed zeolite powder is trapped by the bag-type dust collector.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solid waste burning technology and atmosphere pollution control field, be specifically related to a kind of capture method for solid waste burning heavy metals in process and superfine particulate matter.
Background technology
Solid waste burning can realize that solid waste subtracts appearance 90%, has advantages of that simultaneously solid waste resource utilization and day output are large, is expected to become the major way of Solid Waste Treatment from now on.Solid waste burning can cause the discharging of high toxicity flue gas usually, as heavy metal, bioxin, SO
2And NO
xDeng.These toxic pollutants are mainly with the form discharging of particle, and wherein the superfine particulate matter toxic content of submicron order is the highest, toxicity is maximum.Present sack cleaner has good capture effect to the particle of ultra micro meter level (particle diameter is greater than 1 μ m), but the superfine particulate matter to submicron order (particle diameter is less than 1 μ m) captures weak effect, therefore how to catch the difficult point that superfine particulate matter and other pollutants become the solid waste burning technology.
Percolate has high pollution, highly toxic feature as the waste liquid of solid waste burning factory.National environmental protection section [(2008) No. 82 notices of environment-development] explicitly points out: " ... percolate is processed should pay the utmost attention to back spray ... ".The organic matter in percolate can be effectively removed in burning, but can cause the heavy metal of its middle and high concentration to enter in flue gas, increases the weight of the discharging of solid waste burning heavy metal and particle.
Zeolite can be at high temperature and the suction-operated of heavy metal steam generation physics and chemistry.In the high temperature incineration process, heavy metal steam (as Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr etc.) is diffused into the zeolite surface with pore structure, produce physical absorption, generate the not volatile substances such as silicate, aluminate, alumino-silicate with the zeolite surface reaction subsequently, such product easily forms the low temperature fused matter, and the surf zone that causes reacting melts, heavy metal diffuses to zeolite inside and can't escape, thereby have heavy metals immobilization in zeolite, finally captured by the pocket type deduster, and be difficult for leaching.Zeolite is also with similar mechanism and alkali metal reaction, thereby the ultra-fine grain that suppresses to form after alkali metal condensation nucleation discharges.Under high temperature, zeolite granular in flue gas can with established ultra-fine grain generation physical chemistry adhesive attraction, thereby form the bulky grain that can be captured by the pocket type deduster.Zeolite as a kind of nonmetallic mineral, also has outstanding cation exchange property simultaneously, can effectively adsorb the heavy metal ion in sewage, then with its filtration or precipitation, thereby reaches heavy metal removal effect.
Yet two kinds of good characteristics of above-mentioned zeolite embody in high-temperature flue gas and two kinds of distinct media of normal-temperature water solution.Traditional zeolite is used and is only limited to heavy metal ion in percolate is adsorbed, although adsorption efficiency is high, but zeolite is by filtering subsequently, and in fact the content of beary metal in percolate only accounts for the very little part of the heavy metals emission total amount that solid waste burning produces, and is most ofly produced by solid waste burning.Research in the past also once directly sprayed into zeolite in incinerator, though but high temperature adsorption heavy metal steam and particle, efficient is lower.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to solid waste burning and can produce highly toxic Submicro particles thing, and existing sack cleaner can't effectively be removed superfine particulate matter, the capture method of a kind of solid waste burning heavy metals in process and superfine particulate matter is proposed, zeolite is combined utilization with the solid waste burning leachate recycle, can break through the single effect of zeolite, realize the comprehensive utilization of zeolite multi-efficiency, be better than the effect of zeolite in Single Medium, thereby reach heavy metal in efficient removal solid waste burning process and the purpose of superfine particulate matter.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The capture method of a kind of solid waste burning heavy metals in process and superfine particulate matter comprises the steps:
(1) zeolite powder is broken into zeolite powder;
(2) zeolite powder and percolate are mixed after together with spray in solid waste incinerator;
(3) zeolite powder with the heavy metal in solid waste incinerator and superfine particulate matter absorption, then enters sack cleaner with flue gas, is captured by the pocket type deduster.
The particle diameter of step (1) mesolite powder is the 300-400 order; Use micropowder grinding to prepare zeolite powder, fine powder is conducive to improve the zeolite utilization rate, is unfavorable for being captured by the pocket type deduster but cross fine powder, therefore the zeolite powder particle diameter need to be controlled between the 300-400 order.
The amount of the zeolite powder that mixes with percolate in step (2) accounts for the 1-5 ‰ of solid waste gross mass in solid waste incinerator; Heavy metal and superfine particulate matter zeolite powder can effectively be removed flue gas in this addition scope in have guaranteed the mobile unimpeded of percolate simultaneously.
For zeolite powder and percolate are mixed, the zeolite powder described in step (2) sprays to enter in the percolate injector by the powderject device and mixes with percolate.
Step (2) mesolite powder with spray into to the solid waste incinerator the temperature range position at 850-1050 ℃ after percolate mixes; 850-1050 ℃ of temperature range is the optimum temperature of metallic vapour and zeolite powder reaction, both guaranteed the generation of metallic vapour and zeolite powder reaction, avoids again that under excessive temperature, zeolite surface is turned to thorough thawing and lost pore structure by the eutectic thawing.
Described powderject device is the venturi ejector.
Step (2) mesolite powder is delivered to cyclone separator by dense-phase pneumatic conveying device, measures the batcher weighing by disc type after cyclone separator separates, and then enters the venturi ejector.Use dense-phase pneumatic conveying device to carry zeolite powder, carry to guarantee sealing, prevent dust pollution.
The air outlet of above-mentioned cyclone separator is connected with the venturi ejector.Because the wind of the air outlet of cyclone separator has been carried the tiny zeolite powder that is not separated secretly, this wind is blown into the venturi ejector and for the venturi ejector provides power, has improved the zeolite utilization rate.
The present invention is first with the heavy metal ion in zeolite powder efficient adsorption percolate, then zeolite powder and percolate enter in solid waste incinerator together, the heavy metal ion on zeolite powder surface and zeolite powder reaction generate the eutectic thing, the generation eutectic melts, reduce zeolite surface reaction potential energy, further promote the metallic vapour reaction in zeolite powder and flue gas, the surface of melting simultaneously also promotes zeolite powder to the adhesion of superfine particulate matter, thereby improved the combination property of zeolite, the zeolite powder of completing at last absorption is captured by sack cleaner.
The present invention has following characteristic and advantage:
(1) zeolite powder is with after percolate mixes, in percolate, heavy metal is adsorbed to zeolite surface, after spraying in solid waste incinerator, at high temperature reacts with zeolite, finally captured by the pocket type deduster, avoided in percolate heavy metal to form superfine particulate matter and discharged to atmosphere.
(2) spray into the reactions such as heavy metal in flue gas steam that zeolite powder in solid waste incinerator continues to produce with solid waste burning, vapour of an alkali metal, reduce the superfine particulate matters such as heavy metal, alkali metal and generate.
(3) spray into the absorption that mutually bonds of zeolite powder and established superfine particulate matter in solid waste incinerator, finally captured by the pocket type deduster, reduced many discharge of poisonous waste that discharge with the particle form, as bioxin, heavy metal, Hg etc.
(4) method enforcement is simple, does not affect the solid waste burning operation, need not to change original burning and tail gas treatment process.
(5) enter again in solid waste incinerator the heavy metal steam in the absorption flue gas etc. in zeolite powder adsorptive percolation liquid of the present invention after heavy metal ion; Both improved the arresting efficiency of heavy metal steam in zeolite powder absorption flue gas etc., and made again zeolite powder obtain again utilizing, and saved the energy, reduced cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of the capture method of solid waste burning heavy metals in process of the present invention and superfine particulate matter.
The specific embodiment
Be below a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Referring to Fig. 1, at first, zeolite is entered micropowder grinding by screw(-type) feeder, be ground into particle diameter and be the zeolite powder between the 300-400 order; Zeolite powder after pulverizing is delivered to cyclone separator by dense-phase pneumatic conveying device, measures the batcher weighing by disc type after cyclone separator separates, and then enters the venturi ejector; The amount that enters the zeolite powder of venturi ejector accounts for the 1-5 ‰ of solid waste gross mass in solid waste incinerator; The air outlet of cyclone separator is connected with the venturi ejector.The venturi ejector sprays wind and derives from: 1. roots blower; 2. the separation wind of the air outlet of cyclone separator.The mixing wind of mixed zeolite powder enters the percolate injector from the venturi ejector, mix with percolate in the percolate injector.When percolate and zeolite powder mixed, it is not tight that the cations such as the sodium on zeolite powder surface, potassium are combined with lattice, thus can with percolate in heavy metal cation exchange, the heavy metal ion in percolate is attached to the zeolite powder surface thus.The percolate that has mixed zeolite powder is sprayed into 850-1050 ℃ of position in flame in solid waste incinerator by the percolate injector, the heavy metal ion on zeolite powder surface and zeolite powder react in solid waste incinerator, generate silicate and the alumino-silicate of heavy metal, form submicron particles in low-temperature zone thereby stoped in percolate after the heavy metal gasification; Simultaneously zeolite powder also is attracted in zeolite pores because its flourishing hole causes the metallic vapours such as heavy metal, alkali metal in flue gas that solid waste burning produces, and generate silicate and the alumino-silicate of heavy metal with the zeolite reaction, thereby the metallic vapour that has stoped burning to produce forms submicron particles in low-temperature zone; And eutectic can occur on the surface of zeolite granular and metal ion reaction melts, and makes zeolite surface have certain adhesiveness, thereby bonds with established submicron particles, reaches the effect that captures submicron particles.When the zeolite powder that has captured heavy metal and superfine particulate matter leaves solid waste incinerator with flue gas, when finally entering sack cleaner,, can efficiently be captured by the pocket type deduster more than 38 μ m due to its particle diameter, and can be discharged to atmosphere.
The equipment that uses in the technical process of the capture method of solid waste burning heavy metals in process of the present invention and superfine particulate matter is all existing.
Carry out the solid waste burning test on day disposal of refuse amount 0.5t circulating fluidized bed incinerator, incineration temperature is more than 850 ℃, and solid waste is selected the simcity house refuse, and its concrete component is as shown in table 1.Heavy metal in the house refuse of interpolation heavy metal acetate simcity, the interpolation component is as shown in table 2.Use the simulation percolate to spray in the burner hearth of circulating fluidized bed incinerator, straying quatity is 1L/h, and the eject position temperature is 900 ℃ ± 5 ℃, and simulation percolate concentration of heavy metal ion is as shown in table 3.
Each component in the house refuse of table 1 simcity (mass percent, %)
| Title | Flour | The dish leaf | Paper | Wood chip | Plastics | Cotton | PVC | NaCl |
| Content | 40 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 12 | 3 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
In the house refuse of table 2 simcity, the addition of heavy metal and adding ingredient (account for the ratio of domestic waste butt gross weight, mg/kg)
| Heavy metal | Addition | Adding ingredient |
| Zn | 8000 | (CH 3COO) 2Zn·2H 2O |
| Cu | 2000 | (CH 3COO) 2Cu· H 2O |
| Pb | 1500 | (CH 3COO) 2Pb·3H 2O |
| Cd | 500 | (CH 3COO) 2Cd·2H 2O |
| Cr | 500 | (CH 3COO) 3Cr |
Concentration of heavy metal ion (mg/L) in table 3 simulation percolate
| Heavy metal | Zn | Cu | Pb | Cd | Cr |
| Concentration | 1.50 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
Embodiment 1
At first zeolite is entered micropowder grinding by screw(-type) feeder, be ground into the zeolite powder between the 300-400 order; Zeolite powder after pulverizing is delivered to cyclone separator by dense-phase pneumatic conveying device, measures the batcher weighing by disc type after cyclone separator separates, and then enters the venturi ejector; The amount that enters the zeolite powder of venturi ejector accounts for 3 ‰ of domestic waste gross mass in circulating fluidized bed incinerator; The mixing wind of mixed zeolite powder enters the percolate injector from the venturi ejector, enter in the burner hearth of circulating fluidized bed incinerator with the percolate mixing jetting, and the eject position temperature is 900 ℃ ± 5 ℃; When the zeolite powder that has captured heavy metal and superfine particulate matter leaves circulating fluidized bed incinerator with flue gas, finally enter sack cleaner, through sack cleaner is efficient capture after discharged to atmosphere.
Comparative Examples 1
Percolate is spurted in the burner hearth of circulating fluidized bed incinerator, the eject position temperature is 900 ℃ ± 5 ℃; The flue gas that incineration of waste produces leaves the circulating fluidized bed incinerator thorax, finally enters sack cleaner, through sack cleaner is efficient capture after discharged to atmosphere.
Comparative Examples 2
First zeolite powder is joined in percolate, the concentration of zeolite powder in percolate is 62.5g/L, filters after standing 24h, filter liquor is spurted in the burner hearth of circulating fluidized bed incinerator, and the eject position temperature is 900 ℃ ± 5 ℃; The flue gas that incineration of waste produces leaves the circulating fluidized bed incinerator thorax, finally enters sack cleaner, through sack cleaner is efficient capture after discharged to atmosphere.
Comparative Examples 3
Zeolite powder and percolate are spurted into respectively in the burner hearth of circulating fluidized bed incinerator, and zeolite powder is spurted into amount in circulating fluidized bed incinerator and is accounted for 3 ‰ of domestic waste gross mass in circulating fluidized bed incinerator; The eject position temperature is 900 ℃ ± 5 ℃; The flue gas that incineration of waste produces leaves the circulating fluidized bed incinerator thorax, finally enters sack cleaner, through sack cleaner is efficient capture after discharged to atmosphere.
Respectively embodiment 1, Comparative Examples 1 to the flying dust of the sack cleaner outlet of Comparative Examples 3 are carried out 8 grades of aerodynamic diameter cascade samplings, analysis heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr) concentration of emission and PM1(particle diameter are less than the superfine particulate matter of 1 μ m) concentration of emission, specifically as shown in table 4 and table 5.As can be seen from Table 4, zeolite powder is sprayed in circulating fluidized bed incinerator effectively heavy metal and superfine particulate matter discharging in the controlled circulation fluidized bed incinerator, and in stove, the capture effect to heavy metal and superfine particulate matter will obviously be better than directly zeolite powder being sprayed in stove and spray into after zeolite powder mixing percolate again.
Table 4 burning city domestic garbage heavy metal in flue gas concentration of emission (μ g/Nm
3)
| Heavy metal | Comparative Examples 1 | Comparative Examples 2 | Comparative Examples 3 | Embodiment 1 |
| Zn | 2435 | 2434 | 1043 | 764 |
| Cu | 1253 | 1254 | 960 | 783 |
| Pb | 741 | 737 | 573 | 214 |
| Cd | 421 | 423 | 397 | 196 |
| Cr | 294 | 289 | 162 | 105 |
Superfine particulate matter concentration of emission (mg/Nm in table 5 burning city domestic garbage flue gas
3)
| ? | Comparative Examples 1 | Comparative Examples 2 | Comparative Examples 3 | Embodiment 1 |
| PM1 | 71.4 | 71.4 | 32.8 | 19.7 |
Claims (8)
1. the capture method of a solid waste burning heavy metals in process and superfine particulate matter, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) zeolite powder is broken into zeolite powder;
(2) zeolite powder and percolate are mixed after together with spray in solid waste incinerator;
(3) zeolite powder with the heavy metal in solid waste incinerator and superfine particulate matter absorption, then enters sack cleaner with flue gas, is captured by the pocket type deduster.
2. capture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the particle diameter of step (1) mesolite powder is the 300-400 order.
3. capture method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the amount of the zeolite powder that mixes with percolate in step (2) accounts for the 1-5 ‰ of solid waste gross mass in solid waste incinerator.
4. capture method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the zeolite powder described in step (2) sprays to enter in the percolate injector by the powderject device mixes with percolate.
5. capture method according to claim 4 sprays into to the solid waste incinerator temperature range the position of 850-1050 ℃ after it is characterized in that step (2) mesolite powder and percolate mixing.
6. capture method according to claim 5, is characterized in that described powderject device is the venturi ejector.
7. capture method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that step (2) mesolite powder is delivered to cyclone separator by dense-phase pneumatic conveying device, measure the batcher weighing by disc type after cyclone separator separates, then enter the venturi ejector.
8. capture method according to claim 7, is characterized in that the air outlet of cyclone separator is connected with the venturi ejector.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105688758A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-06-22 | 株式会社Posco | Powder iron charging device |
| EP3112333A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-04 | Fireworks Europe Innovation Sp. z o.o. | Ecological fireworks, method of preparation thereof and method of reducing environmental contamination with heavy metal compounds from fireworks and use of fireworks and use of mineral additives in pyrotechnic materials |
| CN107096311A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-29 | 广东昕旺环保科技发展有限公司 | A kind of smoke processing system and a kind of dry method flue gas administering method |
| CN112228863A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-15 | 北京龙电宏泰环保科技有限公司 | Method for collecting and harmlessly treating organic pollutants discharged by fire coal and precursors |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107096311A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-29 | 广东昕旺环保科技发展有限公司 | A kind of smoke processing system and a kind of dry method flue gas administering method |
| CN112228863A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-15 | 北京龙电宏泰环保科技有限公司 | Method for collecting and harmlessly treating organic pollutants discharged by fire coal and precursors |
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