CN103088207A - Efficient vanadium extraction method by performing alkali roasting on vanadium mineral - Google Patents
Efficient vanadium extraction method by performing alkali roasting on vanadium mineral Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient vanadium extraction method by performing alkali roasting on vanadium mineral. The method comprises the following processing steps of: (1) mixing the vanadium mineral with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide for pellet fabrication, and oxidizing and roasting pellets at the temperature of 300-700 DEG C to obtain roasted clinker; (2) leaching the roasted clinker using water or aqueous alkali corresponding to the step 1, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain leaching residue and a vanadium dissolution solution; and (3) cooling and crystallizing silicon-removed vanadium digestion solution to obtain vanadate. The alkali roasting is used by the method provided by the invention, because alkali can function as a caking agent in the aggregating process, the caking agent can be saved; not only is the roasting temperature reduced largely and process flow largely shortened, but also no waste gas, ammonia-nitrogen wastewater and the like are discharged, as well as a leachate can be recycled; and a silicate phase can be directly destroyed to promote the destroy and the oxidization of a vanadium phase, and the oxidative enveloping and the leaching hindering of the silicate phase to the vanadium can be prevented so that the efficient vanadium leaching can be realized and the leaching rate can reach more than 95%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vanadium chemical industry metallurgical technical field, especially a kind of method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting.
Background technology
Containing vanadium minerals generally comprises vanadium titano-magnetite, vanadium slag, tailings in vanadium extraction, bone coal, silicite navajoite etc. and contains the gangue ore deposit of vanadium and the vanadium containing slag of smelting.In China's vanadium chemical industry, the vanadium extraction raw material mainly adopts vanadium titano-magnetite and bone coal.Wherein, in the iron ore concentrate that vanadium titano-magnetite obtains after magnetic separation separates, main component is iron and titanium, and vanadium grade in ore is very low, is about 0.5%～0.8%.Vanadium extraction mainly contains two kinds of methods from iron ore concentrate at present, and a kind of is directly vanadium extraction from iron ore concentrate; Another kind is first through ironmaking, steel-making vanadium extraction from slag again.Directly from iron ore concentrate vanadium extraction research more be the sodium oxidation vanadium extracting, iron ore concentrate is through sodium roasting, water law vanadium extraction, the rate of recovery of vanadium can reach 80%, outstanding shortcoming is to soak rear pelletizing can not advance separately blast-furnace smelting.Vanadium extraction is the main technique of China's vanadium titano-magnetite vanadium extraction from vanadium slag, be that vanadium slag is through the technique of rotary kiln sodium roasting, water logging, purification, precipitation, this technique is connected mutually with the smelting iron and steel flow process, shortcoming is that the total recovery of vanadium is low, from concentrate to the vanadium iron process, the rate of recovery of vanadium is 43%～49%, and a part of vanadium has suffered to blast furnace slag, electric furnace slag and slag without fully extracting loss.
Take vanadium titano-magnetite as raw material production iron, the enterprise of vanadium product all adopts traditional vanadium slag sodium roasting technique vanadium extraction from vanadium slag at present, climbing steel, hold steel, sea, South Africa Wilder, New Zealand Steel Ltd. etc. as China.The technique ultimate principle of sodium roasting is with Na
2CO
3Be additive, by high temperature sodium roasting (750-850 ℃), the vanadium of lower valency is converted into the sodium salt of water-soluble pentavalent vanadium, then to the direct water logging of sodium roasting product, obtains containing the leaching liquid of vanadium, after add ammonium salt to make ammonium poly-vanadate precipitation, obtain the oxide product of vanadium after reducing roasting.Sodium roasting technique vanadium recovery is low, and single roasting vanadium recovery is 70% left and right, and the rate of recovery of vanadium is only also 80% after roasting repeatedly; Maturing temperature high (750～850 ℃), and need repeatedly roasting, energy consumption is higher; Can produce harmful HCl, Cl in roasting process
2Deng aggressive gas, contaminate environment.
In sum, in prior art, the maturing temperature that contains general existence in the vanadium minerals vanadium extracting process is high, and the vanadium transformation efficiency rate of recovery is low, has the problems such as poisonous gas and a large amount of acid ammonia nitrogen waste water dischargings in the vanadium removal process.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting that maturing temperature is low, leaching yield is high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention takes following processing step: (1) will contain vanadium minerals and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide mixed pelletizing, then 300～700 ℃ of oxidizing roastings, obtain the roasting grog;
(2) described roasting grog utilizes the alkaline solution of water or corresponding step (1) to leach, and then solid-liquid separation, obtain leached mud and contain the vanadium dissolution fluid;
(3) the described vanadium dissolution fluid crystallisation by cooling after silica removal that contains, can obtain vanadate.
Sodium hydroxide in step of the present invention (1) or the addition of potassium hydroxide are 1%～200% of vanadium minerals quality.Oxidizing roasting atmosphere is one or more in air, oxygen, oxygen-rich air and ozone.The oxidizing roasting time is 0.1～10h.Preferred maturing temperature is 350～600 ℃.Described roasting apparatus is rotary kiln, van-type kiln, retort furnace, pushed bat kiln, tunnel furnace or normal-pressure reaction kettle.
Extraction temperature in step of the present invention (2) is 20～100 ℃.Preferred extraction temperature is for being 70～90 ℃.Described alkaline concentration is 1～600g/L.
Contain the vanadium dissolution fluid in step of the present invention (3) and carry out the desiliconization removal of impurities by adding desiliconization agent, after removal of impurities, liquid directly is cooled to 0～50 ℃ and carries out crystallisation by cooling.
Principle of the present invention is: contain vanadium minerals under alkaline condition during oxidizing roasting, alkali not only easily decomposes silicate phase, forms solvend, so break in the oxidation parcel of vanadium and leaching process to the obstruction of vanadium; Alkali lye easily decomposes destruction and contains the vanadium phase simultaneously, easily forms the vanadate of solubility; Form solvable vanadic acid salt face and destroy the silicate parcel mutually by the alkali roasting, and then can realize the efficient stripping of vanadium.
Adopt the beneficial effect that technique scheme produces to be: the present invention adopts the method for alkaline process roasting-water or alkaline solution leaching-Crystallization Separation vanadium, can be used for reclaiming the vanadium in the vanadium containing slag that vanadium titano-magnetite, vanadium slag, tailings in vanadium extraction, bone coal, silicite navajoite etc. contain the gangue ore deposit of vanadium and smelting.
The present invention adopts the alkaline process roasting, has the effect of binding agent due to alkali, so can save binding agent in the group's of making process; Compare traditional sodium-salt calcination, not only maturing temperature reduces greatly, technical process is shortened greatly, and without the discharging of waste gas, ammonia nitrogen waste water etc., leach liquor can recycle simultaneously; The alkaline process roasting can directly destroy silicate phase, promotes destruction and the oxidation of vanadium phase, avoids silicate phase to the oxidation parcel of vanadium and leaches obstruction, thereby realizing the efficient leaching of vanadium, and leaching yield can reach more than 95%.
The present invention has that maturing temperature is low, the vanadium transformation efficiency is high, the characteristics of energy-conserving and environment-protective, can be widely used in containing the vanadium extraction of vanadium minerals; Can obtain vanadic acid sodium or potassium vanadate product, vanadic acid sodium can be converted into vanadic acid calcium or V
2O
5, and potassium vanadate can directly be sold as high purity product.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: shown in Figure 1, the processing step of method that originally contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting is as described below.
(1) batching: the NaOH of 1kg vanadium titano-magnetite and 100g is carried out pelletizing in granulating disc, obtain pelletizing feed; Wherein, contain V in vanadium titano-magnetite
2O
51.2wt%, SiO
26.5wt%;
(2) reaction: pelletizing feed is put into box kiln be heated to 350 ℃ of reaction 5h, after reaction, Low Valent Vanadium is oxidized to pentavalent and generates vanadic acid sodium with the NaOH reaction, obtains the roasting grog;
(3) leach: step (2) gained roasting grog is leached roasting grog: water=5:1(weight) in 80 ℃ in water; Then filter the dissolution fluid that obtains leached mud and contain vanadium;
(4) removal of impurities: add conventional aluminum desiliconization agent desiliconization in step (3) the gained dissolution fluid, filter and obtain liquid after removal of impurities slag and removal of impurities;
(5) reclaim vanadium: liquid after step (4) gained removal of impurities is used for the leaching of next step (3), Vanadium Concentrationin concentration higher than 7g/L after, 25 ℃ of crystallisation by cooling obtain 28.5g sodium vanadate crystal, Na
3VO
43H
2O purity is 98%.
After testing, calculate, in the present embodiment, the rate of recovery of vanadium is 90%.
Embodiment 2: the processing step of method that originally contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting is as described below.
(1) batching: the NaOH of 1kg vanadium slag and 500g is carried out pelletizing in granulating disc, obtain pelletizing feed; Wherein, contain V in vanadium slag
2O
512wt%, SiO
220wt%;
(2) reaction: pelletizing feed is put into pushed bat kiln, be heated to 500 ℃ of reaction 3h in oxygen, after reaction, Low Valent Vanadium is oxidized to pentavalent and generates vanadic acid sodium with the NaOH reaction, obtains the roasting grog;
(3) leach: step (2) gained roasting grog is leached in 90 ℃, the NaOH solution of 300g/L, and liquid-solid ratio is 5:1(weight); Then filter the dissolution fluid that obtains leached mud and contain vanadium;
(4) removal of impurities: add conventional calcium desiliconization agent removal of impurities processed in step (3) the gained dissolution fluid, filtration obtains liquid after removal of impurities slag and removal of impurities;
(5) reclaim vanadium: liquid after removal of impurities in 0 ℃ of crystallisation by cooling, can be obtained 305g sodium vanadate crystal, and its purity is 85%, through the washing of vanadic acid sodium saturated solution, its purity to 98%.
After testing, calculate, in the present embodiment, the rate of recovery of vanadium is 96%.
Embodiment 3: the processing step of method that originally contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting is as described below.
(1) batching: the KOH of 1000g tailings in vanadium extraction and 300g is carried out pelletizing in granulating disc, obtain pelletizing feed; Wherein, contain V in tailings in vanadium extraction
2O
52wt%, SiO
220wt%;
(2) reaction: pelletizing feed is put into rotary kiln, be heated to 700 ℃ of reaction 1h in oxygen-rich air, after reaction, barium oxide and KOH reaction generates potassium vanadate, obtains the roasting grog;
(3) leach: step (2) gained roasting grog is leached in 50 ℃, the KOH solution of 600g/L, and liquid-solid ratio is 5:1(weight); Then filter the dissolution fluid that obtains leached mud and contain vanadium;
(4) removal of impurities: add calcium desiliconization agent removal of impurities processed in step (3) gained dissolution fluid, filter and to obtain liquid after removal of impurities slag and removal of impurities;
(5) reclaim vanadium: liquid after removal of impurities is cooled to 10 ℃, and crystallization obtains 46g potassium vanadate crystal, and its purity is 96%.
After testing, calculate, in the present embodiment, the rate of recovery of vanadium is 95%.
Embodiment 4: the processing step of method that originally contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting is as described below.
(1) batching: the NaOH of 1kg bone coal and 200g is carried out pelletizing in granulating disc, obtain pelletizing feed; Wherein, contain V in bone coal
2O
51.2wt%;
(2) reaction: pelletizing feed is put into tunnel furnace, be heated to 600 ℃ of reaction 3h in ozone, after reaction, Low Valent Vanadium oxide compound and NaOH reaction generates vanadic acid sodium, obtains the roasting grog;
(3) leach: step (2) gained roasting grog is leached in 85 ℃, the NaOH solution of 200g/L, and liquid-solid ratio is 5:1(weight); Then filter the dissolution fluid that obtains leached mud and contain vanadium;
(4) removal of impurities: add calcium desiliconization agent removal of impurities processed in step (3) gained dissolution fluid, filter and to obtain liquid after removal of impurities slag and removal of impurities;
(5) reclaim vanadium: liquid after step (4) gained removal of impurities is used for leaching next time, and Vanadium Concentrationin is cooled to 50 ℃ after 6g/L, and crystallization obtains 28g vanadic acid sodium crystal, and its purity is 98.5%.After the crystallization that obtains after crystallization, liquid can be used as the leach liquor that leaches operation next time.
After testing, calculate, in the present embodiment, the rate of recovery of vanadium is 90%.
Embodiment 5: the processing step of method that originally contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting is as described below.
(1) batching: the NaOH of 500g vanadium slag and 1kg is ground, obtains the powder-mixed material; Wherein, contain V in vanadium slag
2O
515wt%, SiO
225wt%;
(2) reaction: powder is put into the normal pressure stirred autoclave, be heated to 300 ℃ of reaction 10h in oxygen and ozone gas mixture, after reaction, Low Valent Vanadium oxide compound and NaOH reaction generates vanadic acid sodium, obtains the roasting grog;
(3) leach: step (2) gained roasting grog is leached in 70 ℃, the NaOH solution of 1g/L, and liquid-solid ratio is 8:1(weight); Then filter the dissolution fluid that obtains leached mud and contain vanadium;
(4) removal of impurities: add the removal of impurities of aluminum desiliconization agent in step (3) gained dissolution fluid, filter and to obtain liquid after removal of impurities slag and removal of impurities;
(5) reclaim vanadium: liquid after step (4) gained removal of impurities is cooled to 40 ℃, and crystallization obtains 196g sodium vanadate crystal, and its purity is 98%.
After testing, calculate, in the present embodiment, the rate of recovery of vanadium is 99%.
Embodiment 6: the processing step of method that originally contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting is as described below.
(1) batching: 1kg vanadium titano-magnetite and 10g KOH are carried out pelletizing in granulating disc, obtain pelletizing feed; Wherein, contain V in vanadium titano-magnetite
2O
51.2wt%, SiO
26.5wt%;
(2) reaction: pelletizing feed is put into retort furnace, be heated to 650 ℃ of reaction 0.1h in air and ozone gas mixture, after reaction, Low Valent Vanadium is oxidized to pentavalent and generates potassium vanadate with the KOH reaction, obtains the roasting grog;
(3) leach: step (2) gained roasting grog is leached roasting grog: water=5:1(weight) in 100 ℃, the KOH solution of 1.0g/L; Then filter the dissolution fluid that obtains leached mud and contain vanadium;
(4) removal of impurities: add conventional aluminum desiliconization agent desiliconization in step (3) the gained dissolution fluid, filter and obtain liquid after removal of impurities slag and removal of impurities;
(5) reclaim vanadium: liquid after step (4) gained removal of impurities is cooled to 50 ℃, and crystallization obtains 27g potassium vanadate product, and its purity is 98.5%.
After testing, calculate, in the present embodiment, the rate of recovery of vanadium is 89%.
Embodiment 7: the processing step of method that originally contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting is as described below.
The present embodiment is except step (3), and all the other steps are identical with embodiment 2;
Step (3): with 1kg V
2O
5Taste is leached in 20 ℃, the NaOH solution of 100g/L for 10wt% roasting grog, then filters the dissolution fluid that obtains leached mud and contain vanadium, and dissolution fluid passes through crystallisation by cooling and obtains 241g vanadic acid sodium crystal.
After testing, calculate, in the present embodiment, the rate of recovery of vanadium is 92%.
Claims (10)
1. a method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting, is characterized in that, the method adopts following processing step: (1) will contain vanadium minerals and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide mixed pelletizing, then 300～700 ℃ of oxidizing roastings, obtain the roasting grog;
(2) described roasting grog utilizes the alkaline solution of water or corresponding step (1) to leach, and then solid-liquid separation, obtain leached mud and contain the vanadium dissolution fluid;
(3) the described vanadium dissolution fluid crystallisation by cooling after silica removal that contains, can obtain vanadate.
2. the method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sodium hydroxide in described step (1) or the addition of potassium hydroxide are 1%～200% of vanadium minerals quality.
3. the method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in described step (1), oxidizing roasting atmosphere is one or more in air, oxygen, oxygen-rich air and ozone.
4. the method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the oxidizing roasting time in described step (1) is 0.1～10h.
5. the described method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting of according to claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that: described maturing temperature is 350～600 ℃.
6. the described method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting of according to claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that: described roasting apparatus is rotary kiln, van-type kiln, retort furnace, pushed bat kiln, tunnel furnace or normal-pressure reaction kettle.
7. the method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the extraction temperature in described step (2) is 20～100 ℃.
8. the method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described extraction temperature is for being 70～90 ℃.
9. according to claim 1,7 or 8 described methods that contain vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting, it is characterized in that: described alkaline concentration is 1～600g/L.
10. the method that contains vanadium minerals alkaline process roasting efficient vanadium extracting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: contain the vanadium dissolution fluid in described step (3) and carry out the desiliconization removal of impurities by adding desiliconization agent, after removal of impurities, liquid directly is cooled to 0～50 ℃ and carries out crystallisation by cooling.
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