Background technology
Magnesium is the lightest structural metallic materials, uses increasing at automobile.The every loss of weight 100Kg of automobile, per 100 km fuel-economizing 0.5L reduces exhaust emissions simultaneously, therefore carries out the research and development of magnesium alloy for save energy, inhibition environmental pollution important in inhibiting.But, its application in aerospace, military project, automobile and other industry of the not good serious obstruction of the intensity of magnesium alloy and thermotolerance, the intensity and the thermotolerance that therefore improve magnesium alloy are the important topics of development magnesium alloy materials.
Existing heat resistance magnesium alloy is mainly started with from restriction dislocation motion and reinforcement crystal boundary, by suitable alloying, by introduce the high second-phase of thermostability, reduce element in magnesium matrix rate of diffusion or improve the purpose that the means such as grain boundary structure state and tissue morphology realize improving magnesium alloy hot strength and high temperature creep drag.At present, in all alloying elements, rare earth (RE) is to improve the most effective alloying element of magnesium alloy resistance toheat, except the function with degasification, removal of impurities, raising casting fluidity, corrosion resisting property, most of rare earth element has larger solid solubility limit to rare earth element in magnesium in magnesium alloy; And with drop in temperature, solid solubility sharply reduces, and can obtain larger degree of supersaturation, thus in ag(e)ing process subsequently diffusion-precipitation, dystectic rare earth compound phase; The all right crystal grain thinning of rare earth element, raising room temperature strength, and be distributed in intracrystalline and crystal boundary (mainly being crystal boundary) disperse, the high-melting-point rare earth compound, still can pinning intracrystalline dislocation and Grain Boundary Sliding when high temperature, thereby improved the hot strength of magnesium alloy, the rate of diffusion of rare earth (RE) element in magnesium matrix is slower simultaneously, and this is so that the Mg-RE alloy is suitable for long term operation under the comparatively high temps environment.Mg-RE(such as Mg-Gd are) alloy is important refractory alloy system, has higher hot strength and good creep property.It is alloy that the Magnesium Alloys Components of at present long term operation under 200~250 ℃ of conditions is Mg-RE, because its special valence electron structure and significant strengthening effect in magnesium alloy, make Mg-RE be tied to form an important alloy system into the development of high strength heat resistance magnesium alloy.
In the prior art, patent CN101532106B discloses a kind of heat-resistant cast rare earth magnesium alloy, component and weight percent thereof are: 7~14%Gd, 2~5%Y, 0.3~5%Sm, 0.2~0.6%Zr, impurity element S i, Fe, the total amount of Cu and Ni is less than 0.02%, surplus is Mg, this magnesium alloy has the abnormal temperature effect, has very high tensile strength at comparatively high temps, satisfy the aerospace device all is higher than 250MPa 200~250 ℃ of tensile strength requirement, but its used rare earth element kind is many, content is high, have the relatively high problem of cost, the tensile strength that can not reach a high temperature and cost are taken into account.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy, when keeping the high temperature tensile strength, have lower cost.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy.
In order to realize above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy is comprised of the component of following mass percent: 6%~15%Gd, 0.4%~1.5%Sm, 0.3%~1%Zr, impurity element S i, Fe, Cu and Ni total amount are less than 0.02%, and surplus is Mg.
The mass percent sum of described Gd and Sm is 7.5%~16.5%.
This heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy is to be that the raw material melting forms by magnesium and master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm, Mg-Zr.
A kind of preparation method of heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy comprises the following steps:
1) with magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm and Mg-Zr preheating;
2) with magnesium at CO
2+ SF
6Mixed gas protected lower fusing in 720~740 ℃ of adding master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm, rises to 750~780 ℃ with temperature and adds master alloy Mg-Zr;
3) after middle alloy Mg-Zr fusing, remove surface scum, keep 10min to get mixed solution after temperature is risen to 770~780 ℃;
4) after the temperature of step 3) gained mixed solution is down to 690~730 ℃, cast, get cast alloy;
5) step 4) gained cast alloy is heat-treated, namely get described heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy.
Preheating temperature described in the step 1) is 150~220 ℃.
When casting in the step 4) casting die is preheated to 180~250 ℃.
Thermal treatment described in the step 5) is that cast alloy is carried out solution treatment and ageing treatment successively.
The treatment temp of described solution treatment is 490~540 ℃, and the treatment time is 5~20 hours.
The treatment temp of described ageing treatment is 180~250 ℃, and the treatment time is 8~20 hours.
Heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy component of the present invention is Mg-Gd-Sm-Zr.It is the first component that the present invention adopts Gd, the maximum solid solution degree of Gd in Mg sosoloid is 20.3wt%, solid solubility in the time of 200 ℃ in Mg sosoloid is 3.8wt%, for guaranteeing that alloy obtains good Precipitation and strengthens and solid solution strengthening effect, the add-on of Gd is not less than 6wt%, and too many for fear of the alloy density increase, and the undue embrittlement of alloy, therefore Gd add-on of the present invention is not higher than 15wt%.It is second component that the present invention adopts Sm, and Sm can reduce the solid solubility of Gd in Mg, thereby increases the Precipitation strengthening effect of Gd; The solid solubility of Sm in magnesium is changed to: 540 ℃, and 5.7wt%; 200 ℃, 0.4wt%, more obvious and save to greatest extent cost in order to make solid solution strengthening effect, Sm add-on scope of the present invention is 0.4wt%~1.5wt%.The present invention adopts Zr as grain-refining agent, to put forward heavy alloyed toughness and the processing performance of improving alloy.
Heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of the present invention, component is Mg-Gd-Sm-Zr, with respect to prior art, saved rare earth element y, and rare earth element Sm uses lower content range, and when keeping high temperature tensile strength and abnormal temperature effect, the rare earth element kind is few, content is low, has lower cost; Heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of the present invention is in room temperature to 250 ℃ scope, and its tensile strength has the abnormal temperature effect, and namely along with the raising of draft temperature, tensile strength also improves thereupon, and after the arrival certain temperature, being generally 300 ℃ of tensile strength can descend; Heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of the present invention has broad application prospects at aspects such as aerospace, automotive industry, weaponrys.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
The raw material magnesium Mg and master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm, the Mg-Zr that relate in the embodiment of the invention are the commercially available prod.The purity of described raw material is 99.9% Mg, 99.5% Mg-30.00%Gd, 99.5% Mg-25.11%Sm, 99.5% Mg-25.00%Zr.
Embodiment 1
The heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment is comprised of the component of following mass percent: 15%Gd, and 1.5%Sm, 0.5%Zr, impurity element S i, Fe, Cu and Ni total amount are less than 0.02%, and surplus is Mg.The mass percent sum of described Gd and Sm is 16.5%.
The preparation method of the heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm and Mg-Zr are preheating to 150 ℃;
2) magnesium is put into be preheating to 500 ℃ corundum crucible, at CO
2+ SF
6Mixed gas protected lower, high-power rapid heating fusing after the magnesium ingot fusing, in 720 ℃ of adding master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm, rises to 750 ℃ with temperature and adds master alloy Mg-Zr;
3) after middle alloy Mg-Zr fusing, remove surface scum, keep 10min to get mixed solution after temperature is risen to 780 ℃;
4) will cast and be heated in advance 250 ℃ with steel die, after step 3) gained mixeding liquid temperature is down to 690 ℃, cast, get cast alloy;
5) step 4) gained cast alloy is heat-treated: 535 ℃ of solution treatment 6h, 230 ℃ of isothermal agings are processed 10h, namely get described heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy.
Embodiment 2
The heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment is comprised of the component of following mass percent: 6%Gd, and 1.5%Sm, 1.0%Zr, impurity element S i, Fe, Cu and Ni total amount are less than 0.02%, and surplus is Mg.The mass percent sum of described Gd and Sm is 7.5%.
The preparation method of the heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm and Mg-Zr are preheating to 170 ℃;
2) magnesium is put into be preheating to 500 ℃ corundum crucible, at CO
2+ SF
6Mixed gas protected lower, high-power rapid heating fusing after the magnesium ingot fusing, in 740 ℃ of adding master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm, rises to 770 ℃ with temperature and adds master alloy Mg-Zr;
3) after middle alloy Mg-Zr fusing, remove surface scum, keep 10min to get mixed solution after temperature is risen to 775 ℃;
4) will cast and be heated in advance 240 ℃ with steel die, after step 3) gained mixeding liquid temperature is down to 710 ℃, cast, get cast alloy;
5) step 4) gained cast alloy is heat-treated: 540 ℃ of solution treatment 15h, 250 ℃ of isothermal agings are processed 8h, namely get described heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy.
Embodiment 3
The heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment is comprised of the component of following mass percent: 12%Gd, and 0.4%Sm, 1.0%Zr, impurity element S i, Fe, Cu and Ni total amount are less than 0.02%, and surplus is Mg.The mass percent sum of described Gd and Sm is 12.4%.
The preparation method of the heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm and Mg-Zr are preheating to 190 ℃;
2) magnesium is put into be preheating to 500 ℃ corundum crucible, at CO
2+ SF
6Mixed gas protected lower, high-power rapid heating fusing after the magnesium ingot fusing, in 730 ℃ of adding master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm, rises to 780 ℃ with temperature and adds master alloy Mg-Zr;
3) after middle alloy Mg-Zr fusing, remove surface scum, keep 10min to get mixed solution after temperature is risen to 780 ℃;
4) will cast and be heated in advance 220 ℃ with steel die, after step 3) gained mixeding liquid temperature is down to 730 ℃, cast, get cast alloy;
5) step 4) gained cast alloy is heat-treated: 520 ℃ of solution treatment 5h, 200 ℃ of isothermal agings are processed 20h, namely get described heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy.
Embodiment 4
The heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment is comprised of the component of following mass percent: 10%Gd, and 1.0%Sm, 0.3%Zr, impurity element S i, Fe, Cu and Ni total amount are less than 0.02%, and surplus is Mg.The mass percent sum of described Gd and Sm is 11.0%.
The preparation method of the heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm and Mg-Zr are preheating to 200 ℃;
2) magnesium is put into be preheating to 500 ℃ corundum crucible, at CO
2+ SF
6Mixed gas protected lower, high-power rapid heating fusing after the magnesium ingot fusing, in 735 ℃ of adding master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm, rises to 760 ℃ with temperature and adds master alloy Mg-Zr;
3) after middle alloy Mg-Zr fusing, remove surface scum, keep 10min to get mixed solution after temperature is risen to 770 ℃;
4) will cast and be heated in advance 200 ℃ with steel die, after step 3) gained mixeding liquid temperature is down to 700 ℃, cast, get cast alloy;
5) step 4) gained cast alloy is heat-treated: 500 ℃ of solution treatment 20h, 180 ℃ of isothermal agings are processed 15h, namely get described heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy.
Embodiment 5
The heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment is comprised of the component of following mass percent: 15%Gd, and 1.5%Sm, 0.8%Zr, impurity element S i, Fe, Cu and Ni total amount are less than 0.02%, and surplus is Mg.The mass percent sum of described Gd and Sm is 16.5%.
The preparation method of the heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm and Mg-Zr are preheating to 220 ℃;
2) magnesium is put into be preheating to 500 ℃ corundum crucible, at CO
2+ SF
6Mixed gas protected lower, high-power rapid heating fusing after the magnesium ingot fusing, in 725 ℃ of adding master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Sm, rises to 765 ℃ with temperature and adds master alloy Mg-Zr;
3) after middle alloy Mg-Zr fusing, remove surface scum, keep 10min to get mixed solution after temperature is risen to 770 ℃;
4) will cast and be heated in advance 180 ℃ with steel die, after step 3) gained mixeding liquid temperature is down to 720 ℃, cast, get cast alloy;
5) step 4) gained cast alloy is heat-treated: 490 ℃ of solution treatment 10h, 240 ℃ of isothermal agings are processed 18h, namely get described heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy.
Experimental example
This experimental example carries out the tensile strength experiment to embodiment 1~5 gained heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy, experimental technique is: with the sample of gained heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy, be processed into 5 times of standard tensile samples according to standard GB/T 6397-86 " metal stretching experimental sample ", tension specimen at high temperature need to be in the requirement of sample two ends machining screw with the clamping device that satisfies the drawing by high temperature sample.Electronics is stretching on the accurate universal testing machine of Japanese Shimadzu AG-I250kN and carries out, and draw speed is 1mm/min; During drawing by high temperature, to tension specimen insulation 15min, then temperature fluctuation ± 1 ℃ stretches under relevant temperature.Experimental result is as shown in table 1:
The tensile strength experimental result of table 1 embodiment 1~5 gained heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy
As can be seen from Table 1, the heat resisting magnesium-rare earth alloy of embodiment 1~5, component is Mg-Gd-Sm-Zr, with respect to Comparative Examples 1~3, saved rare earth element y, and rare earth element Sm uses lower content range, when keeping high temperature tensile strength and abnormal temperature effect, the rare earth element kind is few, and content is low, has lower cost.