CN103071868B - Nut rolling way electric machining process and lathe - Google Patents
Nut rolling way electric machining process and lathe Download PDFInfo
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- CN103071868B CN103071868B CN201210596365.6A CN201210596365A CN103071868B CN 103071868 B CN103071868 B CN 103071868B CN 201210596365 A CN201210596365 A CN 201210596365A CN 103071868 B CN103071868 B CN 103071868B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种螺母滚道加工的工艺和机床，属于机械制造领域。The invention relates to a process and a machine tool for machining nut raceways, which belong to the field of mechanical manufacturing.
背景技术Background technique
丝杠螺母是工业领域，尤其是机床领域常用甚至是不可或缺的基础运动部件，但螺母内滚道，特别是大导程螺母的滚道加工一直都是一个难题。目前对螺母滚道加工的一般方法是先对滚道进行车削加工，再淬火处理提高硬度，最后对滚道进行精磨。Screw nuts are common and even indispensable basic moving parts in the industrial field, especially in the field of machine tools. However, the processing of the inner raceway of the nut, especially the raceway of the large-lead nut, has always been a difficult problem. At present, the general method of processing the nut raceway is to turn the raceway first, then quench the raceway to improve the hardness, and finally grind the raceway.
国外还有一种工艺是采用内旋风铣刀精加工工艺，其原理与磨削类似，但用CBN铣刀代替砂轮，效率提高10倍。但这两种工艺加工螺母尤其是大导程螺母时均存在刀杆与螺母内壁干涉的问题。There is also a process in foreign countries that uses the internal whirlwind milling cutter finishing process. Its principle is similar to grinding, but the efficiency is increased by 10 times by using a CBN milling cutter instead of a grinding wheel. However, when these two processes are used to process nuts, especially large-lead nuts, there is a problem of interference between the tool rod and the inner wall of the nut.
目前为避免刀(磨)杆与螺母内表面，尤其是大导程螺母内表面干涉的问题，有三种方法：At present, in order to avoid the interference between the knife (grinding) rod and the inner surface of the nut, especially the inner surface of the large lead nut, there are three methods:
1.柔性磨杆法。磨杆主轴与螺母轴线平行，但砂轮主轴与螺母轴线不平行，砂轮通过柔性轴与磨杆联结。该方法结构复杂，砂轮与磨杆的连接精度要求很高，而且受空间限制，砂轮轴只能通过小直径轴承与磨杆联结，磨损严重。1. Flexible rod grinding method. The main shaft of the grinding rod is parallel to the axis of the nut, but the main shaft of the grinding wheel is not parallel to the axis of the nut, and the grinding wheel is connected with the grinding rod through a flexible shaft. The structure of this method is complicated, and the connection precision between the grinding wheel and the grinding rod is very high, and limited by space, the grinding wheel shaft can only be connected with the grinding rod through a small-diameter bearing, and the wear is serious.
2.干涉磨法。砂轮主轴与螺母轴线是平行的，砂轮截面通过计算确定，使加工出的螺纹或滚道满足要求。但计算复杂，而且往往计算结果“无解”。2. Interference grinding method. The main shaft of the grinding wheel is parallel to the axis of the nut, and the section of the grinding wheel is determined by calculation, so that the processed threads or raceways meet the requirements. But the calculation is complicated, and often the calculation result is "unsolvable".
3.硬车包络法。刀杆与螺母轴线平行，车刀的刀尖部分是r圆弧形状，螺母在C轴上，刀具在Z轴上，加工时进行螺旋插补，圆弧形刀尖就在螺母孔壁上形成一个截面是r圆弧形的内螺旋面，多个r圆弧的内螺旋面的包络面形成螺母内螺旋滚道。该方法对机床要求极高，直线电机驱动，液体静压导轨、光栅闭环测量系统组成的运动控制系统速度达到60m/min，加速度达1g。这对机床制造是一个挑战，而且机床成本高昂。3. Hard car envelope method. The tool shaft is parallel to the axis of the nut, the tip of the turning tool is in the shape of an r arc, the nut is on the C axis, the tool is on the Z axis, and the spiral interpolation is performed during machining, and the arc-shaped tool tip is formed on the wall of the nut hole One section is an r-arc-shaped inner helicoid, and the envelope surface of multiple r-arc inner helicoids forms an inner helical raceway of the nut. This method has extremely high requirements on the machine tool. The motion control system composed of linear motor drive, hydrostatic guide rail and grating closed-loop measurement system has a speed of 60m/min and an acceleration of 1g. This is a challenge for machine tool manufacturing, and the machine tools are expensive.
200610131805.5提出了一种用于加工滚珠丝杠的螺母的方法，先车削滚珠丝杠的螺母的螺旋形滚动表面，然后热处理，最后电解抛光表面。其最后电解抛光仅用于滚道表面光整，而非尺寸加工。200910168307.1公开一种了螺母、内螺纹加工装置和内螺纹加工方法。其主要是发明了一种易于加工的新结构螺母，进而提出了相应的加工方法，主要是通过热处理来降低加工难度。200610131805.5 proposed a method for processing the nut of the ball screw, first turning the spiral rolling surface of the nut of the ball screw, then heat treatment, and finally electropolishing the surface. Its final electrolytic polishing is only used for raceway surface finishing, not for dimensional machining. 200910168307.1 discloses a nut, an internal thread processing device and an internal thread processing method. It mainly invented a new structure nut that is easy to process, and then proposed a corresponding processing method, mainly through heat treatment to reduce processing difficulty.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对上述问题提供一种全新的解决思路，采用特种加工工艺(电解、电火花或复合电加工工艺)，利用其加工作用力小、不受工件硬度影响的特点，进行螺母，尤其是大导程螺母内滚道的加工，并在此基础上给出一种具体的技术实施方案。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a brand-new solution to the above-mentioned problems, using special processing technology (electrolysis, electric spark or composite electric processing technology), utilizing the characteristics of small processing force and not being affected by the hardness of the workpiece, to carry out nuts, Especially the processing of the inner raceway of the large lead nut, and on this basis, a specific technical implementation plan is given.
本发明的技术方案见图1：设计与螺母滚道横截面形状相符的球头或类球头工具阴极20，并使工具阴极20相对工件螺母21内表面沿预设计的滚道螺旋线运动，基于电解或电火花或电解电火花复合加工机理，蚀除材料，实现螺母滚道的加工。The technical scheme of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1: design the ball head or ball-like tool cathode 20 that conforms to the cross-sectional shape of the nut raceway, and make the tool cathode 20 move along the pre-designed raceway helix relative to the inner surface of the workpiece nut 21, Based on the mechanism of electrolysis or EDM or EDM composite machining, the material is etched away to realize the machining of the nut raceway.
本发明由于采用电解或电火花加工工艺，其有益效果是：The present invention has the beneficial effects of adopting electrolysis or electric spark machining process:
1.电加工不受工件硬度影响，粗、中、精加工可在零件淬火后“一次过”进行，无需先粗加工，再淬火，最后精加工，简化了工艺过程。尤其是电解加工，工具无损耗，能大大降低成本。1. Electric machining is not affected by the hardness of the workpiece. Rough, medium, and finish machining can be carried out "once" after the parts are quenched. There is no need for rough machining, then quenching, and final finishing, which simplifies the process. Especially in electrolytic machining, the tool has no wear and tear, which can greatly reduce the cost.
2.加工作用力小，机床刚性易满足要求。2. The processing force is small, and the rigidity of the machine tool can easily meet the requirements.
3.工具无需旋转，仅需低速沿工件轴向进给，不存在砂轮和铣刀的高速旋转运动，机床结构更为简单，运动更为平稳。3. The tool does not need to rotate, and only needs to be fed along the axial direction of the workpiece at a low speed. There is no high-speed rotational movement of the grinding wheel and milling cutter. The machine tool structure is simpler and the movement is more stable.
4.工件低速旋转，无需复杂的高速进给机构，对机床动态性能要求低。4. The workpiece rotates at a low speed, without complex high-speed feed mechanism, and has low requirements on the dynamic performance of the machine tool.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的工艺原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process principle of the present invention.
图2是本发明机床示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the machine tool of the present invention.
图中，A向是工作液的送入方向，1为主轴箱，2为卡盘，3为电源，4a为阴极导线，4b为阳极导线，5为床身，6为排液管，7为X轴电机，8为X轴导轨托板，9为电解液箱，10为水泵，11为X轴导轨，12为X轴滑块，13为Y轴导轨托板，14为Y轴导轨，15为Y轴电机，16为供液管，17为Y轴滑块，18为Y轴滑块连接板，19为阴极夹具，20为工具阴极，21为工件螺母，22为Z轴滑块，23为Z轴导轨，24为Z轴导轨托板，25为Z轴电机。In the figure, direction A is the feeding direction of the working fluid, 1 is the spindle box, 2 is the chuck, 3 is the power supply, 4a is the cathode wire, 4b is the anode wire, 5 is the bed, 6 is the drain pipe, 7 is the X-axis motor, 8 is the X-axis guide rail support plate, 9 is the electrolyte tank, 10 is the water pump, 11 is the X-axis guide rail, 12 is the X-axis slider, 13 is the Y-axis guide rail support plate, 14 is the Y-axis guide rail, 15 Y-axis motor, 16 for liquid supply pipe, 17 for Y-axis slider, 18 for Y-axis slider connection plate, 19 for cathode fixture, 20 for tool cathode, 21 for workpiece nut, 22 for Z-axis slider, 23 Be the Z-axis guide rail, 24 is the Z-axis guide rail supporting plate, and 25 is the Z-axis motor.
实施方案implementation plan
本发明的具体实施方案见附图2。The specific embodiment of the present invention is shown in accompanying drawing 2.
本发明的螺母加工机床，包括有主轴箱1，卡盘2，电源3，阴极导线4a，阳极导线4b，床身5，排液管6，X轴电机7，X轴导轨托板8，电解液箱9，水泵10，X轴导轨11，X轴滑块12，Y轴导轨托板13，Y轴导轨14，Y轴电机15，供液管16，Y轴滑块17，Y轴滑块连接板18，阴极夹具19，工具阴极20，工件螺母21，Z轴滑块22，Z轴导轨23，Z轴导轨托板24，Z轴电机25。The nut processing machine tool of the present invention includes a spindle box 1, a chuck 2, a power supply 3, a cathode lead 4a, an anode lead 4b, a bed 5, a drain pipe 6, an X-axis motor 7, an X-axis guide rail support plate 8, an electrolytic Liquid tank 9, water pump 10, X-axis guide rail 11, X-axis slider 12, Y-axis guide rail support plate 13, Y-axis guide rail 14, Y-axis motor 15, liquid supply pipe 16, Y-axis slider 17, Y-axis slider Connecting plate 18, cathode clamp 19, tool cathode 20, workpiece nut 21, Z-axis slider 22, Z-axis guide rail 23, Z-axis guide rail supporting plate 24, Z-axis motor 25.
工件21安装在卡盘2上，卡盘2安装在主轴箱1上，主轴箱1安装在Z轴滑块上，可以沿Z轴导轨移动。X、Y轴构成十字滑台，Y轴工作台通过Y轴托板13固定在X轴滑块12上，可沿X轴导轨移动。阴极夹具19通过连接板18固定在Y轴滑块17上，可沿Y轴导轨14移动。工具阴极20由夹具19夹持，伸入工件21内孔。工具阴极20为中空，前端为球头或者根据滚道界面设计的类球头形状。后端与供液管16相连，水泵10将工作液箱9中的工作液通过供液管16从空心工具阴极20后端送入工具阴极20中。The workpiece 21 is installed on the chuck 2, the chuck 2 is installed on the spindle box 1, and the spindle box 1 is installed on the Z-axis slide block, which can move along the Z-axis guide rail. The X and Y axes form a cross slide, and the Y-axis table is fixed on the X-axis slide block 12 through the Y-axis supporting plate 13, and can move along the X-axis guide rail. The cathode fixture 19 is fixed on the Y-axis slider 17 through the connecting plate 18 and can move along the Y-axis guide rail 14 . The tool cathode 20 is clamped by the clamp 19 and extends into the inner hole of the workpiece 21 . The tool cathode 20 is hollow, and the front end is a ball head or a ball-like shape designed according to the raceway interface. The rear end is connected with the liquid supply pipe 16 , and the water pump 10 sends the working liquid in the working liquid tank 9 to the tool cathode 20 from the rear end of the hollow tool cathode 20 through the liquid supply pipe 16 .
就本发明的螺母滚道加工来说，机床要实现的运动可以归结为工具电极相对工件内孔表面的螺旋线运动和工具电极相对工件内孔表面的径向运动，其中螺旋线运动实际上是工具电极相对工件的轴向运动和旋转运动联动而实现的。具体实施中，还可以通过直线运动和旋转运动的不同组合构成多种技术方案，实现上述运动。As far as the nut raceway processing of the present invention is concerned, the motion to be realized by the machine tool can be attributed to the helical movement of the tool electrode relative to the inner hole surface of the workpiece and the radial movement of the tool electrode relative to the inner hole surface of the workpiece, wherein the helical movement is actually It is realized by the linkage between the axial movement and the rotational movement of the tool electrode relative to the workpiece. In specific implementation, various technical solutions can be formed by different combinations of linear motion and rotary motion to realize the above motion.
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| CN201210596365.6A CN103071868B (en) | 2012-12-30 | 2012-12-30 | Nut rolling way electric machining process and lathe |
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| DE102014225619A1 (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-16 | Mahle International Gmbh | Device for the production of at least one hollow valve |
| CN106363263B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-03-15 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of electrolytic machining machine tool with arc helical groove for ball nut with large lead and multiple raceways |
| CN106424985B (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-03-15 | 广东工业大学 | A machining tool and technology for a large lead multi-raceway ball nut arc spiral groove |
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| CN106975807B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2018-11-02 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of Electrolyzed Processing cathode of ball nut raceway |
| CN107626997A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-26 | 西安工业大学 | The spiral narrow slot Electrolyzed Processing negative electrode of the complex-curved big depth-to-width ratio of outline |
| CN111120497B (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2024-10-15 | 广东轻工职业技术学院 | Permanent anti-loose screw pair with barb type thin teeth on tooth type spiral surface and manufacturing device |
| CN113305379A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-27 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Electrolytic machining method and tool for outer ring surface of rotary structure |
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| CN1035071A (en) * | 1989-01-11 | 1989-08-30 | 航空航天工业部第609研究所 | Electric machining valve pocket inner groove technology |
| JP2003025152A (en) * | 2001-07-19 | 2003-01-29 | Nsk Ltd | Surface modification method of rolling surface of nut screw for ball screw |
| JP4937214B2 (en) * | 2008-08-27 | 2012-05-23 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | nut |
| CN102357678B (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-03-27 | 长沙哈量凯帅精密机械有限公司 | Machine tool and method for machining spiral bevel gear |
| CN102581726B (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2014-08-20 | 南京理工大学 | Non-contact automatic tool setting module and non-contact automatic tool setting method for internal thread groove of nut |
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