Background technology
Corn is important food crop and cash crop, and have statistics display, its output and cultivated area are only second to paddy rice and wheat, occupy third place in the world.Critical role is occupied in the people's livelihood and national economy.Effectively utilize limited land resources, improving the yield and quality of corn crop is the people direction of making great efforts and eternal problem.
Corn growth needs the mineral element absorbed to reach kind more than 20, mainly contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium three kinds of macroelement; The major elements such as Calcium Magnesium Sulphur and iron, manganese, boron, copper.?, the trace element such as sodium.The nitrogen element of corn growth demand is maximum, and phosphoric takes second place, and potassium element is minimum.Ci Wai , ?the synthesis of element to Endogenous auxins such as indolylacetic acids in Corn play active effect, ferro element can be absolutely necessary to the content improving corn product Determination of Chlorophyll one of element.
The high-quality nitrogenous fertilizer that urea is nitrogenous height, fertilizer efficiency is fast, consumption is large.But, urea in use, easily run off by approach such as volatilization, leaching, decomposition and runoffs, cause fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio not high, according to statistics, this season utilization ratio only has about 30%, and this not only causes the waste of chemical fertilizer, and for the environment that the mankind such as air, water body soil depend on for existence.
The Chinese Patent Application No. 201110021688.8 " biodegradable coated urea " of Shikefeng Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.'s application successfully solves the above problem of urea nitrogenous fertilizer existence, the stearic acid that can degrade under soil microorganisms effect of utilization is as the coated fertilizer of nitrogenous fertilizer urea, provide a kind of coated fertilizer biodegradable, pollution-free, the biodegradable coated urea product of the utilization ratio of fertilizer can be improved again.But it is a kind of high-quality nitrogenous fertilizer, and nutritive ingredient is single, can not as the slow release fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using.
Phosphorus is the important composition element of cytoplasmic biomolecule, is also the requisite a kind of element of plant-growth.Phosphatic rock is the main raw mineral materials manufacturing phosphate fertilizer and extract phosphorus and compound thereof; But the P manufactured in phosphate fertilizer requirement phosphatic rock
2o
5>=28%; Extract the phosphatic rock P of phosphorus and compound requirement thereof
2o
5content higher.
And along with the development of phosphorus chemical product and Phosphate Fertilizer Industry, ground phosphate rock requirement increases sharply, and higher-grade phosphate rock resource is deficient.The mode of production only depending on rich phosphorus ore can not meet the demands.In this case, the exploitation of the phosphatic rock resource that grade is not high, no matter for economizing on resources, or protection of the environment is all significant.
In sum, corn special-purpose fertilizer of the prior art exists following not enough:
1.. multilayer coating, complex manufacturing, investment is large, production cost is high.
2. coated fertilizer is difficult to degraded, and life-time service can bring negative impact to soil; Even soil is polluted, affect the quality of agricultural-food.
3. the main nutrient elements proportioning in fertilizer is unreasonable, and fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is low.
4. lack necessary middle amount or trace element, not comprehensive nutrition, affects output increased.
4. utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is low, waste resource, contaminate environment.
5. be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting uses also rare.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned weak point of the prior art; and a kind of comprehensive nutrition is provided; sustained release performance is excellent; fully can meet the demand of corn to nutrient; play the effect of fertilizer to greatest extent; corn yield can be improved can improve again its quality, namely economize on resources, again protection of the environment be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting uses.
Object of the present invention can be reached by following measure:
The slow-release compound fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using of the present invention, is characterized in that being made up of the following raw material according to mass fraction meter:
Wherein:
Described mixed phosphorus fertilizer is composited by diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and floats, its mass percent such as under:
Diammonium phosphate 45 ~ 60
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15 ~ 35
Floats 10 ~ 35
Described floats are P
2o
5the low grade rock phosphate of content between 10% ~ 20%;
Described granulation aid is mixed by the wilkinite of 70%-85% and the bauxite powder of 30%-15% and forms;
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
1.. the preparation of potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture
First after urea 30 ~ 45 weight part heating and melting, ammonium sulfate 5 ~ 40 weight part is added and potassium sulfate 20 ~ 35 weight part mixes, obtained containing potassium, sulphur, the potash fertilizer of ammonium, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture, for subsequent use;
2.. prepared by mixed phosphorus fertilizer
A. the preparation of floats
Will containing P
2o
510% ~ 20% phosphatic rock grinds, the fineness of floats controls 100 order ± 10, for subsequent use;
B. mix
Floats 10 ~ 35 weight part diammonium phosphate 45 ~ 60 weight part, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15 ~ 35 weight part and step a prepared mixes, for subsequent use;
3.. the preparation of each component composite grain of compound manure
Mixed phosphorus fertilizer 15 ~ 35 weight part that 2. potash fertilizer step 1. prepared, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture and step are prepared, zinc, iron additive 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight part are mixed evenly, and add granulating agent 7 ~ 10 weight part, water is appropriate.Utilize traditional tablets press by each for described compound manure component mixing granulation, for subsequent use;
4.. stearic acid film
Stearic consumption is 1.0% ~ 3.0% of compound manure each component composite grain quality that 3. step is prepared, and coating method is as follows:
A.. the stearic preparation of melting
Coating through according to after formula accurate-metering with stearic acid, drops in stearic acid fusion tank, is heated to molten state, for subsequent use;
B.. coating
According to each component composite grain of compound manure that 3. formula accurate-metering step is prepared, the melting stearic acid prepared with step a, carries out particle trypsin method in drum-type mixing granulation machine, makes composite grain outside surface form uniform as far as possible coating, warm air drying, room temperature air cooling, for subsequent use; Processing condition are as follows:
Warm air drying temperature is not higher than 80 DEG C
Cooling draught temperature is not higher than 50 DEG C;
5.. modified zeolite powder powder body material is applied powder
A. the preparation of face powder mixed powder
According to Magnesium Stearate 1.0% ~ 11%, the proportioning raw materials of zeolite powder 89% ~ 99%, accurately takes feed components respectively, mixes, grinding flour, controls powder fineness and crosses 120 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
B. to apply powder coating
The mixed powder consumption prepared by step a controls at every 1000kg granular urea face powder 5 ~ 15kg;
6.. screening, metering, quality test, qualified rear packaging, the obtained slow-release compound fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using; Products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, product free from extraneous odour;
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
N element content % >=15
P
2o
5content %>=10
K
2o content %>=10
Grain graininess mm 2 ~ 4.75mm
Moisture content wt%≤2.0.
Crop growth is except demand N, P, K nutritive element, and S, Ca are also that demand is comparatively large and are that plant generates indispensable nutritive element.Sulphur is the important composition forming protein, and calcium plays irreplaceable vital role to the rudiment of plant seed and the growth of organ.S, Ca element enters compound manure component, in plant growth, prevention and elimination of disease and pests and improvement soil are many, all can produce positively effect.
Element sulphur in composition of raw materials of the present invention adds with the form of soluble sulphate, and large percentage, the fourth-largest nutritive element that plant growth is necessary, for corn directly provides sulphur nutrient.Phosphatic rock component in formula mixed phosphorus fertilizer, except containing except phosphoric, provides calcium constituent simultaneously, and with other components in composition of raw materials, compatibility is good, is applicable to corn growth.To the seed output and quality improving corn.Make contribution.
Object of the present invention can also be reached by following measure:
The slow-release compound fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using of the present invention, is characterized in that being made up of the following raw material according to mass fraction meter:
Wherein:
Described mixed phosphorus fertilizer is composited by diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and floats, its mass percent such as under:
Diammonium phosphate 45 ~ 60
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15 ~ 35
Floats 10 ~ 35.
It is preferred technical scheme.
The slow-release compound fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using of the present invention, is characterized in that being made up of the following raw material according to mass fraction meter:
Wherein:
Described mixed phosphorus fertilizer is composited by diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and floats, its mass percent such as under:
Diammonium phosphate 50
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 30
Floats 20.
It is a preferred technical scheme.
The application process being suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting is used of the present invention, is characterized in that trench digging imposes on below earth's surface, base fertilizer: 40 ~ 60Kg mu; Topdress: 30 ~ 40Kg/ mu.
The slow-release compound fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using of the present invention, compared to existing technology by following positively effect:
1. provide a kind of comprehensive nutrition; sustained release performance is excellent, fully can meet the demand of corn to nutrient, play the effect of fertilizer to greatest extent; corn yield can be improved can improve again its quality, namely economize on resources, again protection of the environment be suitable for the slow-release compound fertilizer that corn planting uses.
2. individual layer coating, generating process is simple, and low equipment investment, production cost is low.
3. coated fertilizer can be degraded under soil microorganisms effect, avoids the pollution of coated fertilizer to edatope.
4. the main nutrient elements reasonable ratio in fertilizer, the element sulphur in composition of raw materials adds with the form of soluble sulphate, and large percentage, the fourth-largest nutritive element that plant growth is necessary, for corn directly provides sulphur nutrient.Fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is high, improves the seed output and quality of corn.
5. adopt low grade as the raw material of fertilizer.Save valuable higher-grade phosphate rock resource.Protection of the environment simultaneously.
6., because of not chloride ion-containing, for corn special-purpose fertilizer, there is the effect of increasing production and improying productivity.Average mu volume increase 4.7% ~ 12.3%.
Embodiment
The present invention will now be further detailed embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Prepare the slow-release compound fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using of the present invention in accordance with the following steps
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
1.. the preparation of potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture
First after urea 30 weight part heating and melting, ammonium sulfate 10 weight part is added and potassium sulfate 25 weight part mixes, obtained containing potassium, sulphur, the potash fertilizer of ammonium, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture, for subsequent use;
2.. prepared by mixed phosphorus fertilizer
A. the preparation of floats
Will containing P
2o
510% ~ 20% phosphatic rock grinds, the fineness of floats controls 100 order ± 10, for subsequent use;
B. mix
Floats 20 weight part diammonium phosphate 50 weight part, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 30 weight part and step a prepared mixes, for subsequent use;
3.. the preparation of each component composite grain of compound manure
Mixed phosphorus fertilizer 27 weight part that 2. potash fertilizer step 1. prepared, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture and step are prepared, zinc, iron additive 0.5 weight part are mixed evenly, and add granulating agent 7.5 weight part, water is appropriate.Utilize traditional tablets press by each for described compound manure component mixing granulation, for subsequent use;
4.. stearic acid film
Stearic consumption is 1.0% ~ 3.0% of compound manure each component composite grain quality that 3. step is prepared, and coating method is as follows:
A.. the stearic preparation of melting
Coating through according to after formula accurate-metering with stearic acid, drops in stearic acid fusion tank, is heated to molten state, for subsequent use;
B.. coating
According to each component composite grain of compound manure that 3. formula accurate-metering step is prepared, the melting stearic acid prepared with step a, carries out particle trypsin method in drum-type mixing granulation machine, makes composite grain outside surface form uniform as far as possible coating, warm air drying, room temperature air cooling, for subsequent use; Processing condition are as follows:
Warm air drying temperature is not higher than 80 DEG C
Cooling draught temperature is not higher than 50 DEG C;
5.. modified zeolite powder powder body material is applied powder
A. the preparation of face powder mixed powder
According to Magnesium Stearate 1.0% ~ 11%, the proportioning raw materials of zeolite powder 89% ~ 99%, accurately takes feed components respectively, mixes, grinding flour, controls powder fineness and crosses 120 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
B. to apply powder coating
The mixed powder consumption prepared by step a controls at every 1000kg granular urea face powder 5 ~ 15kg;
6.. screening, metering, quality test, qualified rear packaging, the obtained slow-release compound fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using; Products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, product free from extraneous odour;
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
N element content % >=15
P
2o
5content %>=10
K
2o content %>=10
Grain graininess mm 2 ~ 4.75mm
Moisture content wt%≤2.0.
Embodiment 2 ~ embodiment 7
According to method and the step of embodiment 1, prepare the slow-release compound fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using of the present invention according to the composition of raw materials of table 1
Table 1
The obtained slow-release compound fertilizer being suitable for corn planting and using; Products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, product free from extraneous odour;
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
N element content % >=15
P
2o
5content %>=10
K
2o content %>=10
Grain graininess mm 2-4.75mm
Moisture content wt%≤2.0.