CN103055160A - 一种治疗血瘀型疼痛中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗血瘀型疼痛中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗血瘀型疼痛中药组合物,其特征在于由川芎、白芷、藁本、天麻、白附子、桃仁、赤芍、红花和全蝎九味中药组成,其优化重量百分比为川芎10~20%,白芷8~14%,藁本8~14%,天麻8~14%,白附子8~14%,桃仁8~14%,赤芍8~14%,红花4~10%,全蝎2~5%。本发明还公开了该组合物的制备方法。该药物组合物有活血化瘀、疏风通络功效,用于制备治疗血瘀型疼痛中药的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗血瘀型疼痛中药组合物及其制备方法,属于用现代药物制备工艺生产治疗血瘀型疼痛的现代中药制剂。
背景技术
现代医学所谓的疼痛(Pain),是一种复杂的生理心理活动,是临床上最常见的症状之一。它包括伤害性刺激作用于机体所引起的痛感觉,以及机体对伤害性刺激的痛反应(躯体运动性反应和/或内脏植物性反应,常伴随有强烈的情绪色彩)。疼痛通常由导致组织损伤的伤害性刺激引起。刀割、棒击等机械性刺激,电流、高温和强酸、强碱等物理化学因素均可成为伤害性刺激。组织细胞发炎或损伤时释入细胞外液中的钾离子、5-羟色胺、乙酰胆碱、缓激肽、组胺等生物活性物质亦可引起疼痛或痛觉过敏。受损局部前列腺素的存在极大地加强这些化学物质的致痛作用,而能抑制前列腺素合成的药物,如阿司匹林则具有止痛作用。
血瘀 (Blood stasis)是指中医辨证中的一种证型,由于气滞、气虚、血虚、外伤、阴寒内盛等各种原因,导致血液血液循行迟缓和不流畅的一种病理状态(《气血论》)。此时,瘀之义同“淤”,有“滞塞,不流通”之义。血瘀滞塞,不流通,即血行受阻,循行迟滞。生理状态下,血液循行于经脉,畅达周身,发挥其滋养荣润之职,如《血证论》说:“平人之血,畅行脉络,充达肌肤,流通无滞,是谓循经,谓循其经常之道也”。《诸病源候论》说:“血之在身,随气而行,常无停积”。血之运行,听命于气,故曰“气为血之帅”。因此,气分受病,气机不畅,或气虚推动无力,是导致血瘀的重要机制,故有气滞血瘀、气虚血瘀的说法。此外,邪气直犯经脉,影响血的循行,也是导致血瘀的常见致病因素。如《灵枢·痈疽》说:“寒邪客于经络之中,则血泣,血泣则不通”。《素问·举痛论》说:“经脉流行不止,环周不休,寒气入经而稽迟,泣而不行”。凡此都说明,气病或邪气影响可以导致血行不畅,而为血瘀。《丹溪心法·六郁》中所论述的“血郁”,更是指的血行不畅,即血瘀病变。
血瘀证以刺痛不移,拒按,肿块,出血,唇舌爪甲紫暗,脉涩等为辨证要点。瘀血停积,脉络不通,气机阻滞,不通则痛,故疼痛剧烈,如针刺刀割,部位固定不移;因按压使气机更加阻滞,疼痛加剧而拒按;夜间阴气盛,阴血凝滞而更加疼痛,瘀血凝聚局部,日久不散,便成肿块,肿块在肌肤组织间,色呈青紫色;如果肿块在腹腔内部者,可以触及到坚硬有形的块状物,推之不动,按之疼痛,称之为疤积。血瘀证临床表现为疼痛如针刺刀割,痛有定处而拒按,常在夜间加剧。
血瘀证最常见的疾病是头痛。血瘀型头痛者多有头部外伤史,头痛经久不愈,痛处固定不移,痛如锥刺状;舌质紫,苔薄白,脉细或细涩。常见一侧或两侧头痛暴作,疼痛剧烈,可伴有恶心呕吐、畏光,间歇期如常人,属于中医“头风”范畴。本病病程长,反复发作,因久病入血入络。血瘀型头痛的病机关键为风扰瘀停,治法以祛风通络,活血化瘀为主,常用“通窍活血汤”加减治疗。“通窍活血汤”基本方为桃仁12克,红花15克,川芎18克,白芷10克,地龙15克,元胡12克,郁金12克,石菖蒲10 克,香附15克。如果头痛甚者,加蝎虫10克,蜈蚣3条,麝香0.1克(冲服);如头痛缓解,但有头晕、健忘、失眠多梦者,加首乌20克,女贞子15克,枸杞子18克,炒枣仁20克。
发明内容
本发明根据祛风通络,活血化瘀理论,在“通窍活血汤”加减基础上,开发出一种治疗血瘀型疼痛的中药组合物,其特征在于由川芎、白芷、藁本、天麻、白附子、桃仁、赤芍、红花和全蝎九味中药组成,主要用于血瘀型疼痛的治疗。通过对偏头痛模型大鼠、偏头痛模型小鼠影响的研究,对缺血性卒中小鼠、血瘀模型大鼠的影响,以及抗炎、镇痛等试验,结果表明该药物组合物具有调节急慢性偏头痛发作动物的血管活性物质及神经体质的恢复,以及活血化瘀、改善脑缺血缺氧、抗炎、止痛作用。
本发明是一种治疗血瘀型疼痛中药组合物,其特征在于由以下重量百分比的原料药组成:川芎5~30%,白芷3~20%,藁本3~20%,天麻3~20%,白附子3~20%,桃仁3~20%,赤芍3~20%,红花2~15%,全蝎1~7%;优化重量百分比的原料药组成:川芎10~20%,白芷8~14%,藁本8~14%,天麻8~14%,白附子8~14%,桃仁8~14%,赤芍8~14%,红花4~10%,全蝎2~5%。该药物组合物,其中白芷、藁本、天麻、白附子、桃仁、赤芍重量比为1:1:1:1:1:1。
该药物组合物处方依据如下:
川芎含生物碱(川芎嗪)、酚类化合物(阿魏酸)、内酯类及中性油类等多种成份。川芎的有效成份川芎嗪为挥发性生物碱。川芎能显著增加脑血流量,还能改善软脑膜微循环和流态,增加脑血管搏动性血容量,对慢性微循环障碍有明显调理作用。川芎嗪是一种新的钙离子拮抗剂和自由基清除剂,能改善微循环,改变血液流变性,防止血栓形成。阿魏酸对中枢神经系统有明显镇静作用。
白芷含挥发油,香豆素及其衍生物,白芷素有显著的扩张冠状动脉的作用。呋喃香豆素衍生物,如欧前胡素、异欧前胡素为白芷有效成份,它们有祛风止痛之功效,对血小板聚集有抑制作用,有扩张血管的作用,能缓解血管痉挛性头痛。
藁本含萜类(β-蒎烯,β-菲兰烯等)和挥发油。药理实验表明藁本有中枢抑制作用,能镇静、镇痛;中性油对心、脑缺氧有明显保护作用,对中枢神经有镇静、镇痛作用,并有轻度降压作用。
天麻含天麻素,天麻醚苷、胡萝卜苷、天麻多糖及多种微量无素。药理实验证明天麻素对中枢神经系统有镇静、抗惊厥、镇痛的作用。天麻苷元、天麻多糖可抗惊厥、镇静。
白附子含次乌头碱、关附甲素、关附乙素、翠雀花碱、胡萝卜苷、油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸等,性味辛、甘,热;有毒。具有祛风痰、逐寒湿、定惊痫等作用,可治疗中风痰壅、偏正头痛等。药理研究显示,白附子具有钙通道阻滞,减慢心率,显著抗炎等作用。现代临床用于治疗癫痫,脑血栓和不明原因头痛等。
赤芍有效成份为芍药总苷,能明显降低脑耗氧量,抑制脑毛细血管通透性,抑制血小板聚集,同时有明显的镇痛作用。其中芍药苷可抑制血小板聚集,扩张冠状动脉,增强免疫功能。另外,赤芍尚含β-谷甾醇、苯甲酸等及少量挥发油。
桃仁含脂质体,氰甙(苦杏仁苷),挥发油(10.4%)等;桃仁能增加脑血流量,抗炎镇痛,提高免疫力。其中苦杏甙有镇痛作用。白附子含β-谷甾醇及其衍生物、内消旋肌醇、胆碱等。临床用于治疗血痹、心痛、肿痛、痔病证。
红花含红花苷、新红花苷等苷类和红花黄色素、红色素。另外,红花还含木脂素类,肉豆蔻酸等。红花具有抗血凝,降血脂,提高缺氧耐受力等作用,红花黄色素为查耳酮类化合物,可抑制血小板聚集,抗血栓形成,扩冠脉,抗氧化,保护心肌、降血压。
全蝎含脂肪酸,无机元素及蝎素。它的主要活性成份是蝎毒蛋白,它可选择性的影响兴奋膜Na+或/和K+的通透性,使静息膜电位明显下降,有明显的镇痛作用。另外,它具有抗肿瘤、抗癫痫、抗血栓、抗炎等作用。
该药物组合物制备方法如下:以上九味药,川芎、藁本、白芷加适量水提取挥发油,提取时间为3~12小时,收集挥发油,加入适量β-环糊精进行包合,包合温度为25~55℃,包合时间为1~4小时,得β-环糊精包合物;全蝎粉碎成粗粉,加40~60%乙醇回流提取2~5次,每次2~6倍量,提取20~60分钟,合并醇提液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度约为1.30的稠膏;其余天麻、白附子、桃仁、赤芍、红花五味加水煎煮二次,第一次加适量水煎煮1~4小时,第二次与川芎、藁本、白芷药渣及全蝎药渣合并,加适量水煎煮1~4小时,滤过,滤液与川芎、藁本、白芷药液合并,减压浓缩至相对密度约为1.30的稠膏;所有稠膏合并,真空干燥,得干膏,粉碎,得干膏粉,并加入少量药用辅料如乳糖,加入β-环糊精包合物,混匀,得到中药提取物。
上述的中药提取物,加入相应药用辅料能制成任何一种常用的口服制剂(口服固体制剂和口服液体制剂),包括片剂、胶囊、水丸、蜜丸、水蜜丸、颗粒剂、散剂、丹剂、汤剂、合剂、糖浆、混悬液和口服液。
活血化瘀实验:该药物组合物对盐酸肾上腺素引起的血瘀大鼠血液流变血指标中血浆粘度、全血粘度(低切)、全血粘度(中切)、全血粘度(高切)有明显降低。
脑缺血模型小鼠的脑卒中积分影响实验:该药物组合物能使脑缺血小鼠脑卒中指数积分明显降低。
脑缺血模型小鼠的存活时间影响实验:该药物组合物能显著延长小鼠双侧颈总动脉合并迷走神经结扎后存活时间。
抗炎试验:该药物组合物对蛋清引起大鼠足趾肿胀和二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀有较强的抑制作用。
镇痛实验:该药物组合物对小鼠因热刺激法引起疼痛的痛阈值由明显的升高作用,对小鼠因化学刺激法引起的扭体次数有明显的减少作用,对疼痛潜伏期有明显的延长作用。
本发明是一种治疗血瘀型疼痛中药组合物通过对偏头痛模型大鼠、偏头痛模型小鼠影响的研究,对缺血性卒中小鼠、血瘀模型大鼠的影响,以及抗炎、镇痛等试验,结果表明:该药物组合物能明显降低硝酸甘油化偏头痛模型大鼠血浆中的一氧化氮(NO)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP),脑组织中P物质(SP)的含量,而对前列环素的代谢产物6-酮前列腺素(6-K)无明显影响;能升高利血平化低5-羟色胺小鼠偏头痛模型血清5-HT的含量;对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀,大鼠注射蛋清形成的足趾肿胀有较强的抑制作用,具有一定的抗炎作用;对热刺激法和化学刺激法引起的小鼠疼痛有较强的止痛作用。结果提示该药物组合物具有调节急慢性偏头痛发作动物的血管活性物质及神经体质的恢复,以及活血化瘀、改善脑缺血缺氧、抗炎、止痛作用。
具体实施方式
1. 中药处方:
川芎400g 白芷330g 藁本330g 天麻330g 白附子330g
桃仁330g 赤芍330g 红花250g 全蝎120g
2. 制备方法:
取川芎、藁本、白芷加5倍量水提取挥发油,提取时间为5小时,收集挥发油,加入6倍量β-环糊精进行包合,包合温度为45℃,包合时间为3小时,得β-环糊精包合物。
全蝎粉碎成粗粉,加50%乙醇回流提取三次,每次3倍量,提取40分钟,合并醇提液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩至相对密度约为1.30(60℃测)的稠膏。
其余天麻等五味加水煎煮二次,第一次加5倍量水煎煮1.5小时,第二次与川芎、藁本、白芷药渣及全蝎药渣合并,加5倍量水煎煮2小时,滤过,滤液与川芎、藁本、白芷药液合并,减压浓缩至相对密度约为1.30(60℃测)的稠膏。
上述所得稠膏合并,真空干燥(真空度为0.07-0.08MPa,温度60-80℃),得干膏,粉碎,得干膏粉,加入少量乳糖,增加入β-环糊精包合物,混匀,用95%乙醇制软材,过20目筛制粒,55~60℃干燥,整粒,灌装成约1000粒胶囊。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗血瘀型疼痛中药组合物,其特征在于由以下重量百分比的原料药组成:
川芎5~30%,白芷3~20%,藁本3~20%,天麻3~20%,白附子3~20%,桃仁3~20%,赤芍3~20%,红花2~15%,全蝎1~7%。
2.按照权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征是由以下优化重量百分比的原料药组成:
川芎10~20%,白芷8~14%,藁本8~14%,天麻8~14%,白附子8~14%,桃仁8~14%,赤芍8~14%,红花4~10%,全蝎2~5%。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的药物组合物,其中白芷、藁本、天麻、白附子、桃仁、赤芍重量比为1:1:1:1:1:1。
4.按照权利要求1~3所述的药物组合物, 其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取处方量川芎、藁本、白芷,加适量水提取挥发油,提取时间为3~12小时,收集挥发油;
(2)将步骤(1)所得挥发油用适量β-环糊精进行包合,包合温度为25~55℃,包合时间为1~4小时,得β-环糊精包合物;
(3)取处方量全蝎粉碎成粗粉,加适量40~60%乙醇回流提取2~5次,提取20~60分钟,合并醇提液,减压回收乙醇,浓缩成稠膏;
(4)其余天麻、白附子、桃仁、赤芍、红花五味中药,加适量水煎煮1~4小时,过滤,得滤液;
(5)将步骤(1)、步骤(3)和步骤(4)中药渣合并,加适量水煎煮1~4小时,过滤,得滤液;
(6)将步骤(4)和步骤(5)滤液合并,浓缩成稠膏;
(7)合并步骤(3)和步骤(6)所得稠膏,真空干燥得干膏;
(8)将步骤(7)所得干膏粉碎,加入适量药用辅料如乳糖,加入步骤(2)所得β-环糊精包合物,混匀得中药提取物。
5.权利要求4所述中药提取物,其特征是加入相应药用辅料可制成任何一种常用的口服制剂。
6.按照权利要求5和6所述的口服制剂,其特征包括片剂、胶囊、水丸、蜜丸、水蜜丸、颗粒剂、散剂、丹剂、汤剂、合剂、糖浆、混悬液和口服液。
7.权利要求1~7所述的任一药物组合物均有活血化瘀、疏风通络功效,用于制备治疗血瘀型疼痛中药的应用。
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