CN103026640B - Hybrid cellular radio communications system and be used for keeping conforming processing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid cellular radio communication system comprising base stations (6, 8, 10, 12) defining terrestrial cells covered by satellite umbrella cells (136, 138, 140; 436, 438, 440). The system comprises consistency maintaining means (52; 452) for maintaining each satellite cell (136, 138, 140; 436, 438, 440) relative to the coverage of said terrestrial cells (76, 78, 80, 82) associated with said base stations (6, 8, 10, 12) contained in said satellite cells Consistency, the coverage of a satellite cell (136; 436) is coincident with said set of predetermined terrestrial coverage when the set of predetermined coverage is fully contained within the satellite coverage.

Description

Hybrid cellular radio communication system and method for maintaining consistency

technical field

The present invention relates to a hybrid cellular radio communication system integrating satellite components into a high density terrestrial cellular network and intended to provide broadband mobile radio communication services.

Background technique

Land mobile radiocommunication systems, namely the European system UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), its evolution HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) and the American system CDMA2000 and its evolutions are already in operation and offer so-called third generation or 3G broadband service.

Standards for the new generation, so-called fourth generation or 4G systems such as LTE (3GPP technology for Long Term Evolution) and WIMAX IEEE 802.16 (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), are under development and offer even higher speed services. The deployment of these 4G systems is planned to start in 2010.

All these 3rd and 4th generation systems may additionally include a satellite-based space component designed to complete and cover the coverage of very small terrestrial cells (such as so-called satellite umbrella cells), very Small terrestrial cells form terrestrial components and are deployed in urban areas where high field strength levels ensure quality service and where the population density is high enough to be cost-effective for very small terrestrial cells, so all These third and fourth generation systems are compatible with the radio propagation conditions of urban environments, which are difficult for satellites.

In order to increase the capacity of such a hybrid telecommunication system, the gain provided by frequency reuse within the terrestrial frequency bands allocated to the terrestrial components is increased by reducing the terrestrial cell size.

Similarly, the size of the umbrella cells must be reduced to adapt the granularity of the set of umbrella cells to the granularity of the set of terrestrial cells included in the umbrella cell and to increase the efficiency of re-use of operating frequencies within the satellite frequency bands allocated to the satellite assemblies.

Irrespective of the fact that the allocated bands of terrestrial frequencies and satellite frequencies may be identical, partially identical or different, due to the positioning of the satellite beam at the origin of the umbrella cell with respect to the terrestrial cell or Instabilities in shape, which cause interference between terrestrial cells and satellite umbrella cells, where positioning or shape instabilities have various causes such as antenna sensitivity with respect to temperature changes or attitude control deficiencies of satellite platforms.

The technical problem is to reduce the interference between terrestrial cells and satellite umbrella cells in order to increase the overall capacity of the hybrid telecommunication system.

Contents of the invention

For this purpose, it is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid cellular radio communication system comprising:

A network of terrestrial base stations interconnected together and linked to terrestrial infrastructure, each adapted to transmit on the forward downlink and/or on the reverse uplink within an associated frequency subband receiving service radio communication signals on the terrestrial base station, and each terrestrial base station defines the upward coverage and/or downward coverage of the terrestrial radio communication cell by its radio range,

at least one communication satellite linked to said terrestrial infrastructure via at least one access station via a two-way bonded link and adapted to transmit on a forward satellite downlink and/or receive distributions on a reverse satellite uplink Serving radiocommunication signals on beams of radiocommunication satellites each of which is associated with a frequency band and each satellite beam is bounded by its terrestrial radio range the upward satellite coverage of a satellite umbrella cell and/or down satellite coverage,

a set of communication service terminals adapted to transmit and/or receive radio communication signals and distributed over said terrestrial cell and said satellite cell,

means for allocating transmission resources to said base station or said satellite beam, each of said transmission resources being bounded by frequency subbands and/or time slots and/or codes, wherein said subbands are relative to determined by a first frequency band allocated to a set of said base stations and a second frequency band allocated to said satellite beams,

It is characterized in that,

said base stations are distributed to be distinguishable by satellite cells according to a time-invariant distribution function, and

The system includes consistency maintaining means for permanently and in the same link direction maintaining the coverage of each satellite cell with respect to the Consistency of the coverage of the land cells, when the set of predetermined coverage is completely included in the satellite coverage, the coverage of the satellite cell (136; 436) is consistent with the set of predetermined land coverage.

According to specific embodiments, the hybrid system includes one or more of the following features:

The same frequency band is shared by the base station and the satellite.

The corresponding said satellite beam of each satellite cell has a characteristic aperture angle θ defined as the smallest selected from the set of azimuth directions of the beam with respect to the transmit phase plane or receive phase plane of said satellite Aperture angle, and the minimum aperture angle θ of the corresponding beam of each satellite cell is an angle value between less than 0.5 degrees and several degrees, and the consistency maintaining device is suitable for keeping the deviation Δθ of the satellite beam permanently as Less than 0.05 degrees.

The orbits of the satellites are included in the following groups: Geostationary Orbit (GEO), Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) of Sycamore, Tundra or Lightning type and Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO).

The consistency maintaining device includes calibration terminals distributed on the satellite cell, and each calibration terminal includes a satellite receiving antenna, the satellite receiving antenna has a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern at a solid angle, the stereo The angles correspond to the set of elevation angles observed when traversing the set of satellite coverage areas and depend on the type of orbit followed by the satellite.

Each calibration terminal comprises radio power measuring means adapted to measure the power of a downlink radio signal specific to the calibration or power of the radio communication signal, and repeating means for forwarding the signal transmitted by The measurements collected by the measuring means and the position of the calibration terminal if the position of the calibration terminal is not predetermined, wherein the resolution of the power measurement is less than 1 dB and the accuracy of the measurement is less than 5 dB.

The consistency maintenance device includes:

calibration terminals distributed over the satellite cell and each calibration terminal comprising a satellite transmit antenna having a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern at a solid angle corresponding to when passing through the The set of satellite coverage is the set of observed elevation angles and depending on the type of orbit followed by said satellite, each calibration terminal has a means for transmitting on the satellite uplink specific to calibration or power calibrated radio communications devices for radio signals,

and measuring means, located on said satellite or access station, said measuring means being adapted to measure the calibration radio signal power of each calibration terminal on the corresponding reverse satellite uplink, and repeating means for repeating The measurements collected by the measuring device and the position of the calibration terminal if the position of the calibration terminal is not predetermined, wherein the resolution of the power measurement is less than 1 dB and the accuracy of the measurement is less than 5 dB.

The number of the calibration terminals is greater than or equal to 50.

The calibration terminals are arranged at a plurality of base stations, the positions of which are known with certainty.

A plurality of calibration terminals are arranged at a femto-relay station intended to improve wave propagation within a building, each relay station being provided with a positioning unit, the calibration terminals being adapted to locate by means of the positioning unit information to send its location.

The calibration terminal is a mobile communication service terminal, the mobile communication service terminal includes a positioning device selected from a set of global positioning receivers via a constellation of satellites, and a positioning information extraction device determined by a mobile land network, the calibration The terminal is adapted to transmit its position via positioning information provided by said positioning means.

The hybrid communication system includes processing means adapted to receive power measurement information associated with each calibration terminal and to determine from expected ground radiation patterns common bias correction angles or satellite beam shapes for the set of beams correction, said processing means being connected to said means or said measuring means via one or more of the following communication links: a link of a terrestrial network of the Internet type, a link of a cellular terrestrial network and a satellite link .

The estimation accuracy of the required correction depends on: the total number of calibration terminals in all satellite beams and/or the distribution of said calibration terminals over a satellite beam, the transmit radiation pattern and/or receive radiation pattern of said antennas of said calibration terminals Measurement accuracy of power measurement devices for radiation patterns.

The processing means are adapted to correct the satellite by local estimation per beam, wherein a sufficient number of calibration terminals are provided in each beam, or an overall estimation integrating all calibration terminals into a single radiation pattern combining several beams Beam, Estimation is included in the group consisting of: Least Squares and Correlation.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method for maintaining coherence between terrestrial cell coverage of a cellular radiocommunication network and satellite coverage acting as an umbrella formed by at least one satellite in the hybrid telecommunication system described above, comprising The following steps:

measuring the power of the calibration radio signal by a calibration terminal operating as a receiver on the forward downlink, or by measuring means located on a satellite or access station in the reverse uplink, and redirected to the processing means,

Said processing means estimates from the power measurements collected in the step and the time-invariant distribution functions of said base stations in said satellite cell with respect to the deviation angle on the satellite antenna support structure or the gain/phase shift coefficients of the radiating elements Correction required when the coverage of each satellite cell includes the set of coverages of said terrestrial cells associated with said base stations determined to be included in said satellite cell by said distribution function, then for each a satellite cell that satisfies the condition of consistency, and

The estimated correction in step is applied to the correction mechanism of the satellite beam.

Description of drawings

The invention will be better understood by reading the following description of embodiments given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a view of a hybrid telecommunication system according to the invention allowing consistency on the forward downlink of satellite beams to terrestrial cells,

- Figure 2 is a view of a calibration terminal for calibrating forward satellite downlinks and arranged at a base station,

- Figure 3 is a view of a calibration terminal used for calibrating forward satellite downlinks and arranged at a FEMTO type station,

- Figure 4 is a view of a calibration terminal for calibrating forward satellite downlinks and integrated in a mobile communication service terminal,

- Figure 5 is a view of a hybrid telecommunication system according to the invention allowing consistency on the reverse uplink of satellite beams to terrestrial cells,

- Figure 6 is a view of a calibration terminal for calibrating the reverse satellite uplink and arranged at the base station,

- Figure 7 is a view of a calibration terminal for calibrating the reverse satellite uplink and arranged at a relay station of FEMTO type,

- Figure 8 is a view of a calibration terminal for calibrating the reverse satellite uplink and integrated in a mobile communication service terminal,

- Figure 9 is a flowchart of a method for aligning the coverage of terrestrial cells of a cellular radiocommunication network with the coverage of satellites acting as at least one satellite umbrella, and

- Figure 10 is a flowchart of a variant of the holding method described in Figure 3 .

detailed description

According to FIG. 1 , a hybrid telecommunication system 2 comprises a network 4 of terrestrial base stations 6, 8, 10, 12 acting as radio relay stations (only four are shown for clarity purposes), a terrestrial infrastructure 14 interconnecting the base stations, One or several satellites (here three satellites 16, 18, 20 form a constellation 22 and act as wireless relay stations), and at least one access station 24 via reverse downlink 26 and front A bidirectional access link consisting of an uplink 28 links the satellites 16 , 18 , 20 to the terrestrial infrastructure 14 .

The hybrid telecommunication system 2 further comprises a set 30 of communication service terminals 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 (only nine shown by way of example) adapted to transmit and/or receive radio communication signals, Means 50 for allocating transmission resources to base stations 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , at least one satellite 16 , 18 , 20 and serving terminals 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 46 and 48 .

The hybrid telecommunication system 2 also includes coverage consistency maintaining means 52 .

Each base station 6, 8, 10, 12 is adapted to transmit on a different associated forward terrestrial downlink 56, 58, 60, 62 and/or on a different associated Mobile service radio communication signals are received on the associated reverse terrestrial uplinks 66, 68, 70, 72, said sub-bands forming a first allocated band of terrestrial frequencies.

For each base station 6, 8, 10, 12, the associated forward terrestrial downlink 56, 58, 60, 62 (for simplicity, reduced to a single link for each base station) and The associated reverse terrestrial uplinks 66, 68, 70, 72 define by their radio ranges the respective coverage areas of the terrestrial radio communication cells 76, 78, 80, 82 associated with the base station.

Herein, it is assumed that for a given base station, both the associated uplink coverage and the associated downlink coverage are the same.

According to FIG. 1 , each of the service terminals 32 , 34 , 38 , 42 is located in a respective different land cell 76 , 78 , 80 , 82 relayed by a respective base station 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 .

Each of the serving terminals 32, 34, 38, 42 is adapted, according to the terrestrial mode, to base stations 6, 8, 10, 12 transmits radio communication signals and/or receives radio communication signals from base stations 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 on reverse uplinks 56 , 58 , 60 , 62 .

The terrestrial transmission mode is preferred ie in an urban environment with difficult radio propagation conditions. However, terminals located in terrestrial cells can still communicate with the satellite.

Herein, by way of example, the communication service terminal 36, 40, 44, 46 is located outside the radio range of any base station (e.g. due to the fact that the communication service terminal 36, 40, 44, 46 is located in a desert or In geographical areas with few people), the deployment of terrestrial base stations is not adjusted in this area for cost-saving reasons, wherein satellites act as communication relay stations for service terminals located in said area.

Each of the communication service terminals 36, 40, 44, 46 is capable of autonomously transmitting radio communication signals and/or Radiocommunication signals are received from a satellite on an associated forward downlink 96, 98, 100, 102, where the satellite is in line of sight and has an optimal elevation angle for the terminal (here as satellite 18 of FIG. 1).

In this context, the communication service terminal 48 is located outside the range of a base station linked to the terrestrial infrastructure, but within range of a building relay station 104 defined by its radio range as a FEMTO type cell 106 . A FEMTO-type cell (also called a "femtocell") is usually a cell of very small size corresponding to the size of a domestic home, which is why the prefix "femto". It enables operators to provide some additional coverage to users, usually based on personal facilities connected to the Internet via broadband wired links. For reasons similar to those described above for the terminals 36, 40, 44, 46 operating in satellite mode, the building repeater 104 (as such, out of range of any terrestrial base station) is adapted to operate autonomously in the reverse direction. Radio signals are transmitted on a downlink 108 to a satellite and/or received on a forward downlink 110 from a satellite that is in line of sight (in this case, satellite 18). Accordingly, the communication service terminal 48 is adapted to transmit radio signals to and/or receive radio signals from the satellite 18 via the relay station 104 .

In this context, the constellation 22 of satellites 16, 18, 20 is, for example, a constellation of the Sycomores type consisting of three satellites 16, 18, 20 which are successively inclined and mutually Phase-shifted orbits so that one satellite is in turn within line-of-sight of an area of land coverage where at any point the satellite can be seen at an altitude-guaranteed minimum elevation angle. Such constellations are particularly suitable for regional coverage areas located within latitudes of temperate regions (for example, within latitudes of the northern hemisphere corresponding to around +45 degrees in Europe). Described in an article titled "A new concept for land mobile satellite communications" by D. Rouffet et al., IEEE Fourth International Conference on Satellite Systems for Mobile Communications and Navigation, 1988, pp. 138-142 Sycamo constellation.

Alternatively, the orbits of the satellites are included in the following groups: geostationary orbit (GEO), highly elliptical orbit (HEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) of the Tundra (Toundra) or Lightning (Molnya) type and more generally , which can be used in any orbit for satellite telecommunications systems.

According to FIG. 1, the satellite 18 within the line of sight of the mobile communication service terminal includes an antenna array 120 and one or two transmitting and/or receiving antennas 122, wherein the antenna array 120 is used for transmitting and/or receiving signals received by the mobile communication service terminal. and/or transmitted radio signals, one or two transmit and/or receive antennas 122 are used to redirect signals received by the antenna array 120 to the access station 24 on the reverse downlink 26 and on the forward uplink Radio signals sent by the land infrastructure 14 and destined for the service terminal are redirected on the road 28 to the service terminal.

For example, the antenna array 120 is composed of a transmitting antenna 124 and a receiving antenna 126. The transmitting antenna 124 is an active antenna with a fixed radiation pattern relative to the supporting structure of the transmitting antenna 124. Radiation pattern active antenna.

Each of the transmitting antenna 124 or the receiving antenna 126 includes different tilting means 128, 129 for the deviation of the antenna structure depending on the predetermined angle associated with each of the active antennas 124, 126. control.

Alternatively, the mode of the active antennas may be changed by varying the gain and/or phase shift coefficients of the radiating elements making up the active antennas 124,126.

Alternatively, there is provided a single support structure for the active transmit antenna and the active receive antenna, and a single biasing mechanism shared by both antennas.

Alternatively, the active transmit and receive antennas 124, 126 form a single antenna with a common dual-band radiating element.

The antenna array 120 in its transmitting assembly is adapted to transmit radio signals to the service terminal on the forward satellite downlink, the radio signals are distributed among the radiocommunication satellite beams, wherein, for the sake of simplicity, only Three satellite beams 130, 132, 134 are shown.

Each satellite beam 130, 132, 134 is associated with a frequency sub-band and defines, by its terrestrial radio range, the respective satellite coverage area of a satellite umbrella cell 136, 138, 140, as shown by the solid lines.

For example, similar to the satellite cell 140, there are no serving terminals in the other satellite cells 142, 144, 146 so that the drawing does not look crowded.

1, which represents an instant view of the satellite beam coverage of a satellite 18 within line of sight, a satellite umbrella cell 136 covers the land cells 76, 78, 80 associated with base stations 6, 8, 10, respectively, and any base stations outside the range of the base station. Service terminal 36.

The satellite umbrella cell 138 covers the terrestrial cell 82 , the serving terminals 40 , 44 , 46 outside the range of any base station, and the FEMTO type cell 106 including the relay station 104 and the serving terminal 48 .

The terrestrial infrastructure 14 includes a network backbone (e.g. of the Internet type) 148, a connection link 150 linking each base station 6, 8, 10, 12 to the network backbone 148, and a connection link from the satellite access station 24 to the network backbone 148 Road 152.

The transmission resource allocation means 50 is connected to the network backbone 148 and is adapted to allocate transmission resources to each base station 6, 8, 10, 12 via a link (e.g. a satellite link or a non-satellite link, not shown in Fig. 1 ). Or each satellite beam 130,132,134.

Each transmission resource is defined by a frequency sub-band and/or time slot and/or code allocated to a base station 6, 8, 10, 12 or satellite beam 130, 132, 134, the sub-bands being relative to the allocation to a group of base stations 6 , 8, 10, 12 first frequency bands and second frequency bands allocated to satellite beams 130, 132, 134 are determined.

Herein, the same frequency band is shared by the base stations 6, 8, 10, 12 and the satellite 18.

Alternatively, the allocated first frequency band of terrestrial frequencies and the allocated second frequency band of satellite frequencies are identical, partially identical or different.

Outlines of the satellite cells 136, 138, 140 have been determined for the base stations 6, 8, 10, 12 to be distributed so that the base stations 6, 8, 10, 12 can be distinguished by the satellite cells 136, 138 according to the time-invariant distribution function.

When the set of predetermined coverage ranges of land cells is completely included in the satellite coverage range, the coverage range of satellite cells is consistent with the set of predetermined coverage ranges of land cells. The edges of the cells are surrounded by the edges of the corresponding satellite cells.

The consistency maintaining means 52 is adapted to maintain the coverage of each forward downlink satellite cell relative to the coverage of a forward downlink terrestrial cell associated with the base station comprised in the satellite cell.

The means 52 for maintaining consistency in the forward serving downlink comprises calibration terminals 162, 164, 166 distributed over the satellite cells 130, 132, 134, means for redirecting the measurements of the calibration terminals 162, 164, 166 170. Means 172 for processing calibration measurements sent by calibration terminals to generate correction controls 172. Remote control satellite station 174 connected to processing means 172 (to form means 174 for redirecting correction controls to satellites 18) . A mechanism 176 for correcting the transmission radiation pattern of the satellite 18 (here, the supporting tilt mechanism 128 of the active transmit antenna 124).

The calibration terminals 162, 164, 166 can be classified into three types of terminals, namely: the first type of terminal 162 (each terminal is arranged at a different base station), the second type of terminal (arranged in a FEMTO type cell relay station) and a third type of terminal (integrated into a service terminal operating in satellite mode).

In this context, a first type of terminal 162 is arranged at each base station 6, 8, 10, 12, adapted to under suitable propagation conditions, e.g. Calibration signals are received on satellite downlinks 182, 184, 186, 188 and returned for measurement.

The second type of terminal 164 is arranged at the relay station 104 of the building 106 and is adapted to receive calibration signals from the satellite 18 on the forward downlink 190 and to be transmitted by the satellite 18 via the reverse satellite uplink 192 and the reverse satellite uplink 192. The satellite downlinks 194 to transmit the results of the measurements.

A different calibration terminal 166 is integrated into each service terminal 36, 40, 44, 46, adapted to receive calibration signals on the associated forward satellite downlink 196, 198, 200, 202 under suitable propagation conditions, And the results of the measurements are transmitted by the satellite 18 via the associated reverse satellite uplinks 204 , 206 , 208 , 210 and reverse satellite downlink 194 .

Reverse satellite uplinks 192 , 204 , 206 , 208 , 210 , satellite 18 and reverse downlink 194 are also adapted to direct the positions of their associated calibration terminals to satellite access station 24 .

Each calibration terminal 162, 164, 166 includes a satellite receiving antenna 212 and a radio power measurement device.

The satellite receiving antenna 212 is configured to have a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern at a solid angle corresponding to a set of elevation angles observed across the coverage set of satellite beams and depending on the orbit type of the satellite.

For example, herein, the receive antenna 212 of any calibration terminal has only a hemispherical omnidirectional pattern.

a radio power measuring device adapted to measure the power of a forward satellite downlink radio signal specific to the calibration or power of a forward satellite downlink radio communication signal (wherein the resolution of the power measurement is less than 1 dB and the measurement accuracy is less than 5 dB), And the forwarding means are for forwarding the measurements collected by the measuring means and the position of the calibration terminal in case the position of the calibration terminal is not predetermined. .

The means 170 for redirecting measurements comprises satellite links 192, 194, 198, 204, 208, 210, connecting station 24, network backbone 148, connecting links 150, 152 and connecting processing unit 172 to network backbone 148 link 213.

The processing means 172 are adapted to receive, via the redirecting means 170, power measurement information associated with each calibration terminal 162, 164, 166, and are adapted to determine from the expected ground-received satellite radiation patterns for bias corrections shared by the set of beams. estimated angle of .

The estimated accuracy of the required correction depends on the total number of calibration terminals 162, 164, 166 in all satellite beams 130, 132, 134 and/or the distribution of calibration terminals across the satellite beams, the measurement accuracy of the power measuring device, the calibration terminal The transmit and/or receive radiation pattern of the antenna 212.

The processing means 172 are adapted to provide for correction either by local estimates per beam (providing a sufficient number of calibration terminals in each beam), or by an overall estimate integrating all calibration terminals into a single radiation pattern combining several beams. Steering of satellite beams, estimates are included in the group consisting of least squares and correlation methods, eg the so-called MinMax method or pattern inversion.

Alternatively, the processing means 172 are adapted to determine a correction of the satellite beam shape.

Alternatively, the processing device 172 is onboard a satellite.

The number of calibration terminals 162, 164, 166 is greater than or equal to 50, so that the statistical size is sufficient to accurately estimate the corrections to be applied to transmit antenna patterns to maintain consistency between satellite beams and terrestrial cells.

Preferably, the number of calibration terminals is between 100 and 200.

The effect of statistical size allows to eliminate the need to use complex calibration stations, due to the antennas whose pattern is highly directional, and due to the fact that their respective positioning must closely match the expected intersection of the orbital trajectories of the satellite beams ,, which lead to installation difficulties, e.g. due to terrain or climate.

The processing means are adapted to generate controls for maintaining the consistency of previously known response functions of the transmitting antenna 124 and the correction mechanism 128 .

Remote control station 174 is adapted to transmit the control to satellite 18 via remote control uplink 220 .

Here, the transmit antenna 124 of the satellite 18 is configured such that the corresponding beam of each satellite beam 130, 132, 134 has a characteristic aperture angle Θ of less than 0.15 degrees.

Alternatively, the characteristic aperture angle θ is a degree ranging from less than 0.5 degrees to several degrees.

The characteristic aperture angle θ is defined as the smallest aperture angle selected from a set of azimuth directions of the beam relative to the transmit phase plane of the transmit antenna 124 of the satellite 18 .

The various means forming the consistency maintaining means 52 are arranged such that the deviation ΔΘ of any satellite beam is permanently maintained to be less than 0.012 degrees.

Preferably, the deviation Δθ of any satellite beam is permanently kept below a value of 0.02 to 0.05 degrees.

According to FIG. 2 , a first type of calibration terminal 162 is arranged at a base station designated by general reference 302 .

The base station 302 comprises a radio communication antenna 304 adapted to transmit and receive radio communication signals via a reverse terrestrial uplink 306 and a forward terrestrial downlink 308 represented by two solid arrows.

A first type of calibration terminal 162 comprises a satellite receiving antenna 212 adapted to receive radio calibration signals via a forward radio downlink 311, a radio power measuring device 312 connected to the antenna, and a A link 316 sends the measurement information provided by the measurement means 312 to a transmitter 314 of the processing means 172 and an interface 318 for sending calibration measurements to the processing unit 152 .

According to FIG. 3 , a calibration terminal 164 of the second type is arranged at a relay station 322 of a so-called FEMTO cell intended to facilitate the propagation of radio waves in a building 324 located outside the range of the base station.

The relay station 322 includes an external antenna 325 adapted to communicate with the satellite 18 via uplinks and downlinks 326, 328, an internal antenna located within a building 324 and connected to the external antenna 325 by a transparent link 332 (which may have amplification) 330. Internal antenna 330 is adapted to improve communication with mobile service terminals 334 located within building 324 .

The relay station 324 also comprises a positioning unit 336, for example of the GPS (Global Positioning System) type.

A second type of calibration terminal 164 comprises a satellite receiving antenna 338 adapted to receive radio calibration signals via a radio link 340, a radio power measurement device 342 connected to the satellite receiving antenna 338 via a transmit-receive duplexer 344, Radio field measurement information and positioning information of the calibration terminals are collected and all information is forwarded to transmitter 346 of satellite 18 via duplexer 344 , antenna 338 and reverse radio signaling satellite uplink 348 .

According to FIG. 4 , a third type of calibration terminal 166 is a mobile communication service terminal 362 which collectively comprises a satellite receiving antenna 364 adapted to receive radio calibration signals via a radio downlink 366 .

The calibration terminal 360 includes a radio power measurement device 368 connected to a satellite receiving antenna 364 via a transmit-receive duplexer 370, a positioning device 372, and is adapted to collect radio field measurement information and positioning information of the calibration terminal and transmit via the duplexer 370, Antenna 364 and reverse signaling radio satellite uplink 376 forward all information to transmitter 374 of satellite 18 .

For example, the positioning means 372 are formed by position information extraction means determined by a terrestrial processing unit using a triangulation method such as a terrestrial network.

Here, the calibration downlink 366, calibration uplink 376 (shown as dotted lines) for measurements and for signaling differs from the serving uplink 380 and serving downlink 382 shown by solid lines.

Alternatively, positioning device 372 is a global positioning receiver via satellite constellation (eg GPS).

Alternatively, the serving uplink 380 and the calibration uplink 376 corresponding to the path guiding the positioning information of the calibration terminal are the same. Serving downlink 382 and calibration downlink 382 are also the same. The radio power measurement device 368, transmit-receive duplexer 370, transmitter 374 for calibration are the same components as for the land link.

According to FIG. 5 , the hybrid telecommunication system 402 is the same as the hybrid telecommunication system 2 described in FIG. 1 in terms of telecommunication services, except that the means for maintaining consistency are provided here for Consistency is maintained between the reverse uplink satellite beam and the corresponding terrestrial cell on the link in the same direction.

Labeling of base station, satellite, access station from satellite to terrestrial infrastructure, communication service terminal, forward terrestrial service downlink, reverse terrestrial service uplink, terrestrial cell, satellite antenna and means for correcting antenna deviation Same labeling as in Figure 1.

According to Figure 5, the satellite beams for the reverse uplink are shown.

The antenna array 120 (i.e., the active receive antenna 126) in its receive assembly is adapted to receive radio signals from the service terminal on the forward satellite uplink, the radio signals being distributed over the radiocommunication satellite beams, for simplicity, Only three satellite beams 430, 432, 434 are shown in Fig. 5 .

Each satellite beam 430, 432, 434 is associated with a frequency subband and defines by its terrestrial radio range a respective satellite coverage area of a satellite umbrella cell 436, 438, 440 as shown in solid lines.

Other satellite cells 442, 444, 446 (similar to satellite cell 440) are shown by way of example with unserved terminals shown therein, so as not to crowd the diagram.

According to Figure 5, which shows an instant view of the forward uplink satellite beam coverage of the satellite 18 in line of sight, the satellite umbrella cell 436 covers the land cells 76, 78, 80 associated with the base stations 6, 8, 10 respectively and any service terminal 36 outside the range of the base station.

The satellite umbrella cell 438 covers the land cell 82 , the service terminals 40 , 44 , 46 outside the range of any base station, and the FEMTO cell 106 including the relay station 104 and the service terminal 48 .

The means 50 for allocating transmission resources are connected to the network backbone 148 and are adapted to allocate transmission resources to each base station 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 or to each satellite beam 430 , 432 , 434 .

Each transmission resource is defined by frequency subbands and/or time slots and/or codes allocated to base stations or satellite beams 430, 432, 434, the subbands being relative to the set of base stations 6, 8, 10, 12 allocated The first frequency band and the second frequency band allocated to the satellite beams 430, 432, 434 are determined.

Herein, the same frequency band is shared by the base stations 6, 8, 10, 12 and the satellite 18.

Alternatively, the first allocated frequency band of terrestrial frequencies and the second allocated frequency band of satellite frequencies are identical, partially identical or different.

Outlines of the satellite cells 436, 438, 440 have been determined for the base stations 6, 8, 10, 12 to be distributed so that the base stations 6, 8, 10, 12 can be distinguished by the uplink satellite cells according to the time-invariant distribution function.

When the set of predetermined coverage areas of land cells is completely included in the satellite coverage area (that is, the edges of land cells distributed on satellite cells according to a predetermined distribution function are surrounded by the edges of corresponding satellite cells), then for the reverse uplink For the link, the coverage of the satellite cell is consistent with the predetermined coverage set of the terrestrial cell of the link in the same direction.

Consistency maintaining means 452 are adapted to maintain the coverage of each reverse uplink satellite cell relative to the coverage of terrestrial cells of links in the same direction, and are associated with the base stations comprised in said satellite cells.

Consistency maintaining means 452 in reverse service uplink comprises calibration terminals 562, 564, 566 distributed over satellite cells 436, 438, 440, measurement means for receiving radio signals from calibration terminals 562, 564, 566 via satellite 18 568, and means 570 for redirecting the measurements provided by the measurement means 568 to the processing means 572, means 572 for processing the calibration measurements provided by the measurement means 568 to produce corrective controls, connected to the remote of the processing means 572 Control satellite station 174 (to form means for redirecting correction control to satellite 18), mechanism 576 for correcting the receive radiation pattern of receive antenna 126 of satellite 18 (herein, means for causing active receive antenna 126 to support the tilting mechanism 129).

Calibration terminals 562, 564, 566 can be classified into three types of terminals, namely: the first type of terminal 562 (each terminal is arranged at a different base station), the second type of terminal (arranged at a FEMTO type cell relay station), and a third type of terminal (integrated into a service terminal operating in satellite mode).

In this paper, the first type of terminal 562 is arranged at each base station 6, 8, 10, 12, and is suitable for transmitting a calibration signal with calibrated power under appropriate propagation conditions, and wherein, during the calibration of the calibration power The identifier of the base station 6, 8, 10, 12 by which the transmitter terminal 562 is associated with the associated reverse satellite uplink 582, 584, 586, 588 is encoded in the signal.

A second type of terminal 564 is arranged at the relay station 104 of the building 106 and is adapted to transmit a calibration signal to the satellite 18 on a reverse uplink 590 for passing through the satellite 18 via a reverse satellite downlink 592 Transparently redirect to access station 24.

The second type of terminal 564 is also adapted to transmit terminal positioning signals to the access station 24 via the signaling uplink 594 and signaling downlink 595 of the satellite 18 .

A different calibration terminal 566 is integrated into each service terminal 36, 40, 44, 46, adapted to transmit calibration signals on the associated reverse satellite uplink 596, 598, 600, 602 under appropriate propagation conditions, the calibration The signal is intended to be transparently redirected by satellite 18 to access station 24 via reverse satellite downlink 592, and the respective identifier of the associated transmitter terminal 566 is encoded therein.

Each calibration terminal 566 associated with a serving terminal 36 , 40 , 44 , 46 respectively is adapted to locate the terminal also via the associated signaling uplinks 604 , 606 , 608 , 610 and signaling downlink 595 of the satellite 18 . The signal is sent to the access station 24 .

Each calibration terminal 562, 564, 566 comprises a satellite transmit antenna (here assumed to be identical to the receive antenna 212 of the calibration terminal described in Fig. 1), and means for generating a radio signal (of which transmit power is known exactly).

Similar to the receive antenna of FIG. 1 , the transmit antenna 212 is configured to have a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern at a solid angle corresponding to the set of elevation angles observed when traversing the set of satellite beam coverage areas and depending on The type of orbit the satellite follows.

For example, in this context, any calibration terminal's transmit antenna 212 has only a hemispherical omnidirectional pattern.

The measuring device 568 of the calibration signal is arranged in the access station 24, assuming the damping characteristics of the satellite uplinks 582, 584, 586, 588, 590, 596, 598, 600, 602 and the downlink 592, and like transparent relay stations The gain characteristics of the satellites 18 operating in the same way are known exactly.

Measurement redirector 570 includes connection station 24 , network backbone 148 and connection links 152 , 154 .

Alternatively, the measurement means 568 are arranged on the satellite 18 and the redirection means then also include a satellite downlink 592 .

The processing means 572 are adapted to receive, via the redirection means 570, power measurement information associated with each calibration terminal 562, 564, 566 at the satellite 18, and to determine from the observed and expected uplink reception satellite radiation pattern on the ground Common bias correction angles for beamsets.

Alternatively, the processing means 572 are adapted to determine a correction to the satellite beam shape.

Alternatively, the processing device 572 is on a satellite.

The number of calibration terminals 562, 564, 566 is greater than or equal to 50 such that the statistical size is sufficient to accurately estimate the corrections to be applied to the receive antenna pattern to be consistent between uplink satellite beams and terrestrial cells for terrestrial uplinks sex.

Preferably, the number of calibration terminals is between 100 and 200.

The effect of statistical size allows to eliminate the need to use complex calibration stations, due to the antennas whose pattern is highly directional, and due to the fact that their respective positioning must closely match the expected intersection of the orbital trajectories of the satellite beams reasons, which lead to installation difficulties, e.g. due to terrain or climate.

The processing means 572 are adapted to generate consistency maintaining controls based on previously known correction mechanism response functions.

Remote control station 174 (similar to that of FIG. 1 ) is adapted to transmit this control to satellite 18 via remote control uplink 220 .

Herein, the receiving antenna 126 of the satellite is configured such that the corresponding beam of each satellite cell has a characteristic aperture angle θ of less than 0.15 degrees.

Alternatively, the characteristic aperture angle θ is less than 0.5 degrees to several degrees.

The characteristic angle θ is defined as the minimum aperture angle obtained from the set of azimuth directions of the beam with respect to the receive phase plane of the receive antenna 126 of the satellite 18 .

The various means forming the consistency maintaining means 452 are arranged such that the deviation of any satellite beam is permanently maintained at an angular difference ΔΘ of less than 0.012 degrees.

Preferably, the deviation ΔΘ of any satellite beam is kept permanently less than a value between 0.02 and 0.05 degrees.

According to FIG. 6 , a first type of calibration terminal 562 is arranged at the same base station 302 as described in FIG. 2 .

Similar to FIG. 2, the base station 302 has a radio communication antenna 304 adapted to transmit and receive radio communication signals via a reverse terrestrial uplink 306 and a forward terrestrial downlink 308 indicated by two solid arrows .

A first type of calibration terminal 562 comprises a satellite transmit antenna 310 (identical to the receive antenna of FIG. 2 ) adapted to transmit a radio calibration signal via a radio link 710, means 712 for generating a calibration signal whose power Modulator 714 for encoding the identifier of the base station 302 where the calibration terminal is arranged.

According to FIG. 7, a second type of calibration terminal 564 is arranged similarly to FIG. 3 at the relay station 322 of a so-called FEMTO cell in order to improve the propagation of radio waves in the building 324 outside the range of the base station.

The relay station 322 includes the same components 325 , 330 , 332 , 336 and the same uplinks and downlinks 326 , 328 as described in FIG. 3 .

A second type of calibration terminal 564 comprises a satellite transmitting antenna 338 identical to the receiving antenna of FIG. The first input is connected to the positioning means 336 and as a second input to the output duplexer/modulator 724 of the generating means 722, which is adapted to signal the characteristic carrier of the signaling uplink 726 ( Positioning information on a carrier other than that associated with the calibration signal is modulated and used to frequency duplex the calibration signal and the modulated positioning signal.

According to FIG. 8 , a third type of calibration terminal 566 is a mobile communication service terminal 362 which collectively has a satellite transmit antenna 364 (same as FIG. 4 receive antenna) and is adapted to transmit Radio calibration signal.

A third type of calibration terminal 566 also includes means 732 for generating a calibration signal whose power is exactly known, connected as a first input to a positioning device 336 (identical to that of FIG. 4 ) and as a second input to to an output duplexer/modulator 734 of generating means 732 adapted to modulate the positioning information on a characteristic carrier (different from the carrier associated with the calibration signal) of the signaling uplink 736 and is used for frequency duplexing of the calibration signal and the modulated positioning signal.

In Figure 8, the calibration and signaling uplinks 730, 736, shown in dashed lines, are distinct from each other and from the serving uplink 380, shown in solid lines.

Alternatively, the calibration and signaling uplinks 730, 736 are shared eg by modulating positioning information on a carrier calibration signal.

Alternatively, the calibration and signaling uplinks 730, 736 and the service uplink 380 are shared by using the signal or a portion thereof as the calibration signal and the service signal as the signaling signal.

The generating means 732 of the calibration signal may be a conventional means performing the power control function for the existing ones.

According to FIG. 9 , the consistency maintenance method 700 between the coverage area of the land cell on the link in the same direction of the cellular radio communication network and the coverage area of the satellite cell corresponding to the link in the same direction of the land cell link and serving as an umbrella cell is as in A series of steps 702, 704, 706 are performed and include in the hybrid telecommunication system described in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5 .

In a first step 702, the power of the calibration radio signal is determined by a calibration terminal operating as a receiver on the forward downlink, or by a measurement device located on the satellite 18 or at the access station 24 on the reverse uplink Measurement.

The calibration radio signal is sent by the satellite on the forward downlink or by the calibration terminal operating as a transmitter on the reverse uplink.

Then, during the same step 702 the measurements are redirected to the processing means 172 , 572 .

In a next step 704 the processing means 172, 571 evaluate the corrections required depending on the deviation angle of the overall antenna structure of the antenna or the gain/phase shift coefficients of the radiating elements to ensure the coherence of each satellite beam.

In step 704, an overall estimation is performed by integrating all calibration terminals into a single radiation pattern combining several beams.

Estimation is done according to a method chosen from least squares and correlation.

The estimation accuracy of the required correction depends on the total number of calibration terminals in all satellite beams and/or the distribution of calibration terminals per satellite beam, the measurement accuracy of the power measurement device, the transmit and/or receive radiation pattern of the calibration terminal antenna, and Also depends on desired level of coherence between satellite beams and desired pointing stability.

In step 706, the correction estimated in step 704 is applied to the correction mechanism 128, 129 of the satellite beam.

According to FIG. 10 , the variant of the method described in FIG. 9 comprises a series of steps 722 , 724 , 726 , 728 .

The first step 722 is similar to step 702, but differs in that a sufficient number of calibration terminals have been provided in each satellite beam to perform processing on each beam.

In step 724, the measurement data is sorted according to the beams.

In the same step 724, for each beam, the processing means evaluate the correction associated with the beam required according to the overall antenna structure of the antenna or the deviation angle of the local structure of the antenna, or the gain/phase shift coefficients of the radiating elements, to ensure that Consistency for the analysis beam.

Then, in a next step 726, the processing unit combines the estimated corrections for each beam in step 724 into a correction that gives the best overall compromise of consistency for the set of beams.

In step 728, the corrections synthesized in step 726 are applied to the correction mechanisms 128, 129 of the satellite beams.

This enables consistency to be maintained between satellite beams and terrestrial cells linked in the same direction.

The invention described above for hybrid systems is also applicable to non-hybrid satellite systems, ie a single satellite system with multiple serving terminals and satellite cells but no network of terrestrial cells.

A non-hybrid radiocommunication satellite system comprising at least one communication satellite connected to terrestrial infrastructure by at least one access station via a two-way bonded link and adapted to transmit on forward satellite downlink and/or receiving on uplink to the satellite serving radiocommunication signals distributed over beams of radiocommunication satellites, where each satellite beam is associated with a frequency sub-band and each satellite beam is defined by its terrestrial radio range for the satellite coverage of a satellite cell .

The non-hybrid radiocommunication satellite system also comprises a set of communication service terminals adapted to transmit and/or receive radiocommunication signals and distributed over a satellite cell, means for allocating transmission resources to satellite beams, each resource consisting of a frequency subband and/or time slots and/or codes, the subbands are determined relative to frequency bands allocated to satellite beams.

The non-hybrid radiocommunication satellite system also includes means for permanently maintaining the consistency of each satellite cell coverage with respect to an associated minimum coverage template expected for the satellite cell.

In non-hybrid satellite systems, the coverage of a satellite cell is consistent with respect to a desired associated minimum coverage standard when the desired associated minimum coverage standard is fully included in the satellite coverage.

According to the special mode, the corresponding satellite beam of each satellite cell has a characteristic aperture angle θ, which is defined as the smallest aperture selected from the set of azimuth directions of the satellite beam with respect to the satellite's transmit phase plane or receive phase plane horn.

The minimum aperture angle θ of the corresponding beam of each satellite cell is less than an angle value between 0.5 degrees and several degrees, and the consistency maintaining means is adapted to permanently maintain the deviation Δθ of the satellite beams to be less than 0.05 degrees.

The satellite orbits for non-hybrid systems are the same as those for hybrid systems.

Similar to a hybrid system, the consistency maintaining device includes calibration terminals distributed over a satellite cell, and each calibration terminal includes a satellite receiving antenna having a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern at a solid angle corresponding to The set of elevation angles observed when traversing the set of satellite coverage areas and depends on the type of orbit the satellite follows.

Each calibration terminal comprises radio power measuring means and transponder means, the wireless power measuring means being adapted to measure the power of the downlink radio signal specific to the calibration or power of the radio communication signal (wherein the power measurement resolution is less than 1 dB, and The accuracy of the measurements is less than 5 dB), the forwarding means for forwarding the measurements collected by the measuring means and the position of the calibration terminal if the position of the calibration terminal is not predetermined.

The consistency maintaining device includes calibration terminals distributed on the satellite cell, and each calibration terminal includes a satellite transmitting antenna having a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern at a solid angle corresponding to when passing through the satellite coverage area is the set of observed elevation angles and depending on the type of orbit followed by the satellite, each calibration terminal has means for sending a radio signal on an upward satellite link specific to calibration or power calibrated radio communications , and a measuring device located on the satellite or access station adapted to measure the calibration radio signal power of each calibration terminal on the corresponding reverse satellite uplink (wherein the resolution of the power measurement is less than 1 dB and the accuracy of the measurement is less than 5 dB ), and forwarding means for forwarding the measurements collected by the measuring means and the position of the calibration terminal if the position of the calibration terminal is not predetermined.

In non-hybrid systems, the number of calibration terminals is greater than or equal to 50.

The calibration terminals are arranged at a plurality of fixed communication service terminals whose positions are known with certainty.

A plurality of calibration terminals are arranged on a relay station of FEMTO type aimed at improving the wave propagation inside the building, each relay station being provided with a positioning unit, the calibration terminals being adapted to transmit their position by means of positioning information provided by the positioning unit.

The calibration terminal is a mobile communication service terminal. The mobile communication service terminal includes a positioning device selected from a set of global positioning receivers via a satellite constellation, and a positioning information extraction device determined by a mobile land network. The calibration terminal is suitable for use by The positioning information provided by the positioning device to transmit its position.

The non-hybrid satellite communication system includes processing means adapted to receive power measurement information associated with each calibration terminal and to determine from an expected ground radiation pattern a bias correction angle commonly used for the set of beams or a correction for the satellite beam shape , the processing means is connected to the measuring means by one or more of the following communication links: a terrestrial network link of the Internet type, a terrestrial cellular network link and a satellite link.

The estimation accuracy of the required correction depends on the total number of calibration terminals in all satellite beams and/or the distribution of calibration terminals across a satellite beam, the measurement accuracy of the power measurement device, the antenna transmission and/or reception radiation patterns of the calibration terminals.

The processing means are adapted to correct the satellite beams by local estimation per beam, where a sufficient number of calibration terminals are provided in each beam, or an overall estimation integrating all calibration terminals into a single radiation pattern combining several beams , estimated to be included in the group consisting of least squares and correlation.

A method for maintaining consistency between satellite cell coverage and desired coverage formed by satellites in a non-hybrid satellite telecommunications system as described above, comprising the steps of:

measuring the power of the calibration radio signal by a calibration terminal operating as a receiver on the forward downlink, or by measuring means located on a satellite or access station in the reverse uplink, and redirected to the processing means,

Said processing means estimates from the power measurements collected in the measuring step, the terminal's location information and the desired time-invariant coverage area the required correction, when the coverage of each satellite cell contains the desired associated coverage, then for each satellite cell the condition of consistency is satisfied, and

The estimated correction in step is applied to the correction mechanism of the satellite beam.

Claims (15)

1. A hybrid cellular radio communication system comprising: A network of terrestrial base stations (6, 8, 10, 12) interconnected together and linked to terrestrial infrastructure (14), each terrestrial base station adapted to transmit and/or receive serving radiocommunication signals on the forward downlink (56, 58, 60, 62) and/or receive on the reverse uplink (66, 68, 70, 72) within the associated frequency sub-band, and each terrestrial The base stations each define the upward and/or downward coverage of a terrestrial radiocommunication cell (76, 78, 80, 82) by their radio range, at least one communication satellite (16, 18, 20) linked to said terrestrial infrastructure (14) via at least one access station (24) via a two-way bonded link (26, 28) and adapted to Transmitting on downlinks (96, 98, 100, 102, 110) and/or receiving on reverse satellite uplinks (86, 88, 90, 92, 100) distributed over radiocommunication satellite beams (130, 132, 134; 430, 432, 434), each of said satellite beams (130, 132, 134; 430, 432, 434) is associated with a frequency band and each satellite beam is represented by its terrestrial radio range to define the upward satellite coverage and/or downward satellite coverage of the satellite cells (136, 138, 140; 436, 438, 440), A group of communication service terminals (32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48) adapted to transmit and/or receive radio communication signals and distributed in said terrestrial radio communication cells (76, 78 , 80, 82) and said satellite cells (136, 138, 140; 436, 438, 440), means (50) for allocating transmission resources to said base station (6, 8, 10, 12) or said satellite beams (130, 132, 134; 430, 432, 434), each of said transmission resources Delimited by frequency subbands and/or time slots and/or codes, wherein said subbands are relative to the first frequency band allocated to a set of said base stations (6, 8, 10, 12) and to said determined by the second frequency band of the satellite beams (130, 132, 134; 430, 432, 434), It is characterized in that, said base stations (6, 8, 10, 12) are distributed to be distinguishable by satellite cells (136, 138, 140; 436, 438, 440) according to a time-invariant distribution function, and The system comprises consistency maintaining means (52; 452) for maintaining each satellite cell (136, 138, 140; 436, 438, 440) relative to the coverage of said terrestrial radiocommunication cells (76, 78, 80, 82) associated with said base stations (6, 8, 10, 12) comprised in said satellite cells Consistency of range, when the set of predetermined coverage areas is fully included in the satellite coverage area, the coverage area of the satellite cell (136; 436) is consistent with said set of predetermined terrestrial coverage areas; The consistency maintaining means (52; 452) comprises: Devices for establishing calibration measurements (162,164,166; 562,564,566,568); means (172; 572) for processing calibration measurements to generate corrective controls; and Means (176; 576) for correcting the transmission radiation pattern of at least one antenna of each communication satellite (16, 18, 20). 2. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that the same frequency band is shared by the base stations (6, 8, 10, 12) and the satellites (18). 3. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that the respective said satellite beams (130, 132, 134; 430) of each satellite cell (136, 138, 140; 436, 438, 440) , 432, 434) have a characteristic aperture angle θ defined as the smallest aperture angle selected from the set of azimuth directions of the beam with respect to the transmit or receive phase plane of the satellite, and each The minimum aperture angle θ of respective beams of satellite cells is less than 0.5 degrees, and said consistency maintaining means (52; 452) is adapted to permanently maintain the deviation Δθ of said satellite beams to less than 0.05 degrees. 4. The hybrid cellular radiocommunication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the orbits of the satellites (18) are included in the group: geostationary orbit (GEO), Sig Mo, Tundra or Lightning type highly elliptical orbits (HEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbits (IGSO). 5. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the consistency maintaining means (52) comprises distributed on the satellite cells (136, 138, 140) calibration terminals (162, 164, 166), and each calibration terminal (162, 164, 166) includes a satellite receiving antenna (212) having substantially omnidirectional radiation at a solid angle Fig. 1 , the solid angle corresponds to the set of elevation angles observed when traversing the set of satellite coverage areas and depends on the type of orbit followed by the satellite (18). 6. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to claim 5, characterized in that each calibration terminal (162, 164, 166) comprises radio power measuring means (312, 342, 368) and forwarding means (318, 346, 370), said radio power measuring means (312, 342, 368) adapted to measure the power of downlink radio signals (311, 340, 366) specific to the calibration or power of radio communication signals, said repeating means ( 318 , 346 , 370 ) for forwarding the measurements collected by the measurement means ( 312 , 342 , 368 ) and the position of the calibration terminal if the position of the calibration terminal is not predetermined, wherein the power measurement The resolution is less than 1dB and the measurement accuracy is less than 5dB. 7. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the consistency maintaining device (452) comprises: calibration terminals (562, 564, 566) distributed over said satellite cell (436, 438, 440), and each calibration terminal (562, 564, 566) comprising a satellite transmit antenna (310, 338, 364), The satellite transmit antennas (310, 338, 364) have a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern at solid angles corresponding to the set of elevation angles observed when traversing the set of satellite coverage areas and depending on Depending on the type of orbit the satellite (18) follows, each calibration terminal (562, 564, 566) has a satellite uplink (710, 720, 730) for radio communication specific to the calibration or power calibrated means for transmitting radio signals (712, 722, 732), and measuring means (568) located on said satellite (18) or access station (24), said measuring means (568) being adapted to measure the calibration of each calibration terminal on the corresponding reverse satellite uplink Radio signal power, and repeating means for forwarding the measurements collected by said measuring means and, if the position of said calibration terminal is not predetermined, the position of said calibration terminal, wherein the resolution of the power measurements is less than 1 dB The measurement accuracy is less than 5dB. 8. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to claim 5, characterized in that the number of said calibration terminals (162, 164, 166; 562, 564, 566) is greater than or equal to 50. 9. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to claim 5, characterized in that said calibration terminals (162, 164, 166; 562, 564, 566) are arranged at a plurality of base stations (6, 8, 10, 12 ), the locations of the plurality of base stations (6, 8, 10, 12) are known exactly. 10. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to claim 5, characterized in that a plurality of calibration terminals are arranged at a femto-relay station (104) intended to improve a building (106) Each relay station (104) is provided with a positioning unit (336), said calibration terminal (564) being adapted to transmit its position by means of positioning information provided by said positioning unit (336). 11. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to claim 5, characterized in that the calibration terminal (664, 566) is a mobile communication service terminal comprising a global positioning receiver via a constellation of satellites The positioning device (326, 372) selected in the set, and the positioning information extraction device determined by the mobile land network, the calibration terminal is suitable for sending its positioning information through the positioning device (326, 372) Location. 12. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises processing means (172; 572), said processing means (172; 572) being adapted to receive and each Calibrating terminal-associated power measurement information and adapted to determine from expected ground radiation patterns common bias correction angles for beam sets or corrections for satellite beam shapes, said processing means (172; 572) via one of the following links One or more communication links are connected to said measuring means (312, 342, 368, 568): a link of a terrestrial network of the Internet type, a link of a cellular terrestrial network and a satellite link. 13. A hybrid cellular radiocommunication system according to claim 12, characterized in that the accuracy of the estimate of the required correction depends on: The total number of calibration terminals (162, 164, 166; 562, 564, 566) in all satellite beams (130, 132, 134; 430, 432, 434) and/or the distribution of said calibration terminals across satellite beams, The measurement accuracy of the power measuring means of the transmit radiation pattern and/or receive radiation pattern of the antenna (212) of the calibration terminal. 14. The hybrid cellular radio communication system according to claim 12, characterized in that said processing means (52; 452) are adapted to pass local estimates per beam, wherein a sufficient number of calibrations are provided in each beam terminal, or an overall estimate integrating all calibration terminals into a single radiation pattern combining several beams to correct satellite beams, estimates included in the group consisting of least squares and correlation methods. 15. A method for use in terrestrial radiocommunication cell coverage and satellite cell coverage acting as an umbrella formed by at least one satellite (18) in a hybrid cellular radiocommunication system according to any one of claims 1 to 14 The method of maintaining consistency among them includes the following steps: The power of the calibration radio signal is measured (702) by a calibration terminal operating as a receiver on the forward downlink, or by a measurement device located on a satellite (18) or access station (24) in the reverse uplink , and redirect to the processing device (172, 572), The processing means (172, 572) obtains from the power measurements collected in the measuring step (702) and the base stations (6, 8, 440) in the satellite cells (136, 138, 140; 436, 438, 440) 10, 12) time-invariant distribution function to estimate (704) the correction required for the deviation angle on the satellite antenna support structure or the gain/phase shift coefficient of the radiating element, when the coverage of each satellite cell includes When the distribution function is determined to be included in the set of coverage areas of the terrestrial radio communication cells associated with the base stations in the satellite cells, then for each satellite cell, the condition of consistency is satisfied; The estimated corrections in step (704) are applied (706) to correction mechanisms (128, 129) of the satellite beams.