CN103018425B - Manual screw type self weight loading device for physical landslide model test - Google Patents

Abstract

A manual screw type self-weight loading device for landslide physical model tests, including a bottom plate, a sliding surface adjustment mechanism and a thrust loading mechanism; the sliding surface adjustment mechanism is located on the bottom plate, and the sliding surface adjustment mechanism includes a sliding panel, an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, a support plate, plug, slot, screw and hand wheel, the support plate is fixed on the bottom plate, the front and rear of the support plate are respectively hinged with the lower ends of a pair of lower connecting rods, and the upper end of each lower connecting rod is connected with an upper connecting rod Hinged to form connecting rods, each pair of upper connecting rods is hinged with an insert block, each pair of lower connecting rods is hinged with a slot, the screw rod passes through the slot and is threaded with the corresponding insert block, the bottom end of the screw rod is connected with the hand The wheels are fixed, the front end of the sliding panel is hinged to the top of a pair of upper connecting rods at the front of the support plate, and the rear end is hinged to the top of a pair of upper connecting rods at the rear of the supporting plate; the thrust loading mechanism includes a loading platform, the bottom surface of the loading platform and the sliding panel The top surface of the slide fit, can slide back and forth along the sliding panel.

Description

A manual screw type self-weight loading device for landslide physical model test

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster model tests, in particular to a manual screw type self-weight loading device for physical model tests of landslides.

Background technique

The landslide physical model test belongs to the category of geomechanics model test. Its theory originated from the structural model test established in the early 20th century. At present, it has gradually developed and extended to landslide field model test, landslide bottom friction model test, landslide frame model test, There are many research directions such as landslide centrifugal model test and landslide comprehensive model test. Among them, the landslide frame model test means that in the usual gravity field, the model is made by using similar materials that meet the similarity criterion in the frame model groove, and the deformation and various mechanical properties of the model are measured under the condition that the main boundary conditions of the model are similar. parameter. This test can not only visually observe the movement characteristics of the landslide during the sliding process, but also quantitatively obtain the stress, strain, displacement and other parameters of the landslide, which can clarify the mechanism of landslide formation and evolution from qualitative and quantitative perspectives.

Under the condition of landslide frame model test, the landslide physical model is generally deformed or destroyed under the condition of external force. The main ways of external force are: mechanical vibration or seismic waves simulated by blasting; changing the water level inside the frame to simulate the seepage caused by the fluctuation of the reservoir water level; the rainfall simulator simulates the seepage under rainfall conditions; The trailing edge provides landslide thrust; steel plates are arranged at the trailing edge of the landslide, and the landslide thrust is applied under the action of hydraulic jacks or MTS hydraulic servo thrust devices.

Among them, there are still the following limitations or defects in the way of applying thrust to the trailing edge of the landslide physical model:

(1) The thrust loading and control system of the trailing edge of the existing landslide physical model is often complex in structure and cumbersome in operation, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of fast, stable and continuous thrust loading on the trailing edge of the landslide;

(2) Although the existing artificial stacking method can exert a stable force on the trailing edge of the landslide, it is difficult to accurately control the magnitude and direction of the landslide thrust, and the boundary conditions of the applied external force do not match the actual situation.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a manual screw-type self-weight loading device for landslide physical model tests, which can easily and quickly adjust the size and direction of the loading thrust at the rear edge of the landslide physical model, so that the applied thrust is consistent with the actual boundary conditions of the landslide. Compliant, and the loading is achieved by the self-weight of the calibrated weight, and the loading force is stable and durable.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a manual screw type self-weight loading device for landslide physical model tests, including a bottom plate, a sliding surface adjustment mechanism and a thrust loading mechanism; the sliding surface adjustment mechanism is located on the bottom plate, and the sliding surface adjustment mechanism includes Sliding panels, upper connecting rods, lower connecting rods, support plates, inserts, slots, screws and handwheels, the support plates are fixed on the bottom plate, the front and rear parts of the support plates are connected with the pair of lower connecting rods respectively The lower end is hinged, and the upper end of each lower connecting rod is hinged with an upper connecting rod to form a connecting rod. Each pair of upper connecting rods is hinged with an insert block, and each pair of lower connecting rods is hinged with a slot. Through the slot and threaded with the corresponding plug-in block, the bottom end of the screw rod is fixed with the hand wheel for rotation under the drive of the hand wheel, the front end of the sliding panel is hinged with the top of a pair of upper connecting rods at the front of the support plate, The rear end is hinged to the top of a pair of upper connecting rods at the rear of the support plate; the thrust loading mechanism includes a loading platform for carrying heavy objects, the bottom surface of the loading platform is slidingly fitted with the top surface of the sliding panel, and can slide forward and backward along the sliding panel .

In the above technical solution, the bottom surface of the loading platform is a smooth surface, edges are provided on both sides of the top surface of the sliding panel for guiding the loading platform, and the two edges are respectively provided with a row of holes and the holes are opposite to each other , slide bars are arranged in the two opposite holes, and the bottom surface of the loading platform and the top surface of the sliding panel slide and fit through the slide bars.

In the above technical solution, the rear end of the loading platform is provided with a plug lock for temporary fixing of the loading platform and the sliding panel.

In the above technical solution, the thread between the screw and the corresponding slot satisfies the self-locking condition.

In the above technical solution, an angle dial is installed at the front end of the sliding panel for reading the inclination angle of the sliding panel.

In the above technical solution, the front and rear parts of the bottom plate are respectively provided with openings corresponding to the positions of the handwheels for passing through the handwheels.

In the above technical solution, several traveling wheels are arranged under the bottom plate.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

(1) The loading device can be applied to the landslide frame model test, and the internal thrust of the landslide can be simulated by the self-weight controllable loading of the trailing edge, so as to realize the research of the incomplete geomechanics model of the landslide, which greatly reduces the production intensity of the complete geomechanics model ;

(2) The loading device is completely realized by manual adjustment, with simple structure, easy operation and low cost;

(3) The loading device realizes continuous, precise and continuous control of the loading height and loading angle through two pairs of front and rear connecting rods adjusted by two screws, so that the applied thrust is in good agreement with the actual boundary conditions of the landslide;

(4) The loading device is suitable for thrust loading of landslide physical models at different heights, and it is not necessary to make loading devices of different heights one by one for landslide models of different sliding surface heights;

(5) The loading device is suitable for landslide physical models with different sliding surface angles, and there is no need to make loading devices with different angles one by one;

(6) The bottom surface of the loading platform in the loading device is used in conjunction with the slide bar on the sliding panel, which greatly reduces the frictional resistance during the sliding process of the loading platform, and effectively converts the self-weight load into thrust;

(7) The rear end of the loading platform in the loading device is equipped with a mortise lock, which conveniently realizes the temporary fixing of the loading platform and the sliding panel;

(8) As an independent system, the loading device is separated from the frame of the landslide physical model, has good durability and can be used repeatedly;

(9) Due to the high strength and high rigidity of the components of the device, the possibility of occasional damage to the components is very small, and even if they are damaged, they are easy to repair or replace;

(10) The setting of the walking wheels under the base is convenient for the movement and transportation of the whole device;

(11) The self-weight loading device can be widely used for thrust loading in geomechanical model tests including geotechnical landslides and slopes, and has broad application prospects and remarkable economic benefits.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the device of Fig. 1 .

Figure 3 is a rear view of the device of Figure 1 .

Figure 4 is a right side view of the device of Figure 1 .

Fig. 5 is a top view of the device in Fig. 1 after rotation.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the use state of the device in Fig. 1 when it is applied to a landslide frame model test.

In the figure: 1—mortise lock, 2—loading platform, 3—sliding panel, 4—sliding rod, 5—upper connecting rod, 6—inserting block, 7—pin shaft, 8—slot, 9—hand wheel, 10 —connecting block, 11—fixed block, 12—screw, 13—lower connecting rod, 14—support plate, 15—bottom plate, 16—traveling wheel, 17—test frame, 18—sliding body, 19—sliding belt, 20— slide bed.

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, a manual screw-type self-weight loading device for landslide physical model tests of the present invention includes a bottom plate 15, a sliding surface adjustment mechanism and a thrust loading mechanism, specifically.

Base plate 15 below is provided with some walking wheels 16, so that the movement of whole device.

The sliding surface adjustment mechanism is located on the bottom plate 15. The sliding surface adjustment mechanism in this embodiment includes a sliding panel 3, an upper connecting rod 5, a lower connecting rod 13, a support plate 14, an insert block 6, a slot 8, a screw rod 12 and a hand wheel 9 . The support plate 14 is fixed on the base plate 15, and the front and rear portions of the support plate 14 are respectively hinged with the lower ends of a pair of lower connecting rods 13 through an "L"-shaped fixed block 11, and the upper ends of each lower connecting rod 13 are respectively connected to a Root upper connecting rod 5 is hinged by bearing pin 7, constitutes connecting rod. Each pair of upper connecting rods 5 is hinged with a plug 6, each pair of lower connecting rods 13 is hinged with a slot 8, and the screw rod 12 passes through the slot 8 and is threaded with the corresponding plug 6, so that the support plate 14 A screw rod 12 is respectively provided at the front and the rear of the. The bottom end of each screw rod 12 is fixed with a hand wheel 9 for rotating under the drive of the hand wheel 9 . The front end of the sliding panel 3 is hinged with a pair of upper connecting rods 5 tops at the front of the support plate 14 through pins 7, and the rear end is hinged at the tops of a pair of upper connecting rods 5 at the rear of the support plate 14 through the pins 7. The height of the sliding panel 3 is adjusted by the lifting height of the tops of the two groups of connecting rods, and the inclination of the sliding panel 3 is determined by the relative lifting heights of the tops of the two groups of connecting rods. In the initial state, each insert 6 of the sliding surface adjustment mechanism is nested in the corresponding slot 8, and under the rotation of the handwheel 9, the insert 6 is gradually separated from the corresponding slot 8, and drives a pair of upper connecting rods respectively. 5 and a pair of lower connecting rods 13 are opened, and the tops of the connecting rods rise to drive the sliding panel 3 to move. In order to ensure the convenient fixing of the sliding panel 3, the thread between the screw rod 12 and the corresponding slot 8 meets the self-locking condition and has a self-locking function. In order to avoid base plate 15 interfering with the lifting of handwheel 9, U-shaped openings can be provided at the front and rear parts of base plate 15 and the corresponding positions of handwheel 9. In addition, an angle dial (not shown in the figure) is installed outside the sliding bar 4 at the front end of the sliding panel 3 to read the inclination angle of the sliding panel 3 .

The thrust loading mechanism of this embodiment includes a loading platform 2 for carrying heavy objects, and the inclination angle of the bottom surface of the loading platform 2 should be the same as the inclination angle of the slide belt 19 of the landslide model. The bottom surface of the loading platform 2 is a flat and smooth surface. Edges are provided on both sides of the top surface of the above-mentioned sliding panel 3, which play a guiding role. The two edges are respectively provided with a row of holes and the holes are opposite in pairs. Slide bars 4 , the bottom surface of the loading platform 2 and the top surface of the sliding panel 3 are slidably matched through these slide bars 4 . The top surface of the loading platform 2 is horizontal or concave, and is used to carry the calibrated weight of the object, so that it slides along the sliding panel 3 with the loading platform 2 under its own weight, and acts on the landslide model through the front panel of the loading platform 2. And the corresponding horizontal load is provided by the component of the gravity of the overlying load along the horizontal direction of the sliding panel 3 . A mortise lock 1 is also provided at the rear end of the loading platform 2 for temporary fixing of the loading platform 2 and the sliding panel 3 before the device is used.

As shown in Figure 6, the general process that the present invention is applied to landslide frame type model test is:

1. Preliminary preparation

1. According to the research needs, based on the principle of similarity, a generalized similar model of the landslide is drawn up; based on the test results of similar materials, similar materials for the sliding body 18, the sliding belt 19, and the sliding bed 20 are prepared respectively. According to the proposed landslide similar model space form, the landslide model is made by using similar materials with uniform preparation and constant water content;

2. Measure the inclination angle of the sliding belt 19 at the trailing edge of the landslide model, and make a corresponding loading platform 2;

2. Adjustment and fixation of the device

3. Push the loading device of the present invention to a designated position, and face the trailing edge of the landslide, and lock and fix the traveling wheels 16 below the bottom plate 15 of the loading device;

4. Control the relative distance between the front slider 6 and the chute 8 through the handwheel 9 at the end of the front screw 12 to adjust the angle between the corresponding upper connecting rod 5 and the lower connecting rod 13. At this time, the front end of the sliding panel 3 Consistent with the height of sliding zone 19 at the trailing edge of the landslide model;

5. Control the relative distance between the rear slider 6 and the chute 8 through the hand wheel 9 at the end of the rear screw 12 to adjust the angle between the corresponding upper connecting rod 5 and the lower connecting rod 13. During this process, you can pass The angle dial installed on the front end slide bar 4 reads the inclination angle of the sliding panel 3, when the inclination angle formed by the sliding panel 3 is consistent with the inclination angle of the sliding belt 19 on the trailing edge of the landslide, the rotation of the handwheel 9 is stopped and the self-locking of the screw rod 12 is maintained Stablize;

3. Thrust loading

6. Calibrate the weight of the loading platform 2, and weigh the required weight according to the thrust loading requirements;

7. Install the loading platform 2;

8. Open the latch 1 at the rear of the loading platform 2, hold the loading platform 2 by hand to make it slide down slowly until it touches the trailing edge of the landslide, and then release your hands;

9. On the loading platform 2, place the calibrated weight vertically and slowly until the landslide is deformed or destroyed. It should be noted that in order to prevent the sliding body 18 from extruding from the upper part of the loading platform 2 during the loading process, the top surface of the loading platform 2 should not be lower than the height of the top surface of the sliding body 18. Correspondingly, when making the loading platform 2, appropriate Increase the height of its vertical loading surface;

4. The end of the test

10. First unload the heavy objects on the loading platform 2, and then unload the loading platform 2;

11. Turn the hand wheel 9 to lower the sliding panel 3 until the insert block 6 is completely nested in the slot 8;

12. Loosen the brake of the traveling wheels 16 below the bottom plate 15, and move the thrust loading device to a designated place.

The core of the invention lies in the setting of the sliding surface adjustment mechanism, so that the magnitude and direction of the thrust force loaded by self-weight can be continuously and accurately adjusted, and the applied thrust conforms to the actual boundary conditions of the landslide, and the loading force is stable. Therefore, its protection scope is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and deformations to the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention, for example: the sliding fit between the loading platform 2 and the sliding panel 3 is not limited to the flat and smooth surface in the embodiment With the structure of slide bar 4, as long as it is convenient for the relative front and rear sliding of both; If these changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these changes and modifications.

Claims (7)

1. a landslide physical model test hand-operated screw stem type deadweight charger, is characterized in that: comprise base plate (15), slipping plane governor motion and thrust load maintainer, described slipping plane governor motion is positioned on base plate (15), slipping plane governor motion comprises slidable panels (3), upper links (5), lower link (13), back up pad (14), inserted block (6), slot (8), screw rod (12) and handwheel (9), described back up pad (14) is fixed on base plate (15), the front and rear of back up pad (14) is hinged with the lower end of a pair lower link (13) respectively, upper end and a upper links (5) of each lower link (13) are hinged, form connecting rod, every a pair upper links (5) is hinged with an inserted block (6), every a pair lower link (13) is hinged with a slot (8), described screw rod (12) is through slot (8) and be threaded with corresponding inserted block (6), screw thread self-locking conditions satisfied between described screw rod (12) and associated socket (8), the bottom of screw rod (12) and handwheel (9) are fixed, for rotating under the drive of handwheel (9), a pair upper links (5) top of the front end of described slidable panels (3) and back up pad (14) front portion is hinged, a pair upper links (5) top at rear end and back up pad (14) rear portion is hinged, described thrust load maintainer comprises the weighted platform (2) for carrying weight, the bottom surface of weighted platform (2) and the end face of slidable panels (3) is slidably matched, can along slidable panels (3) slide anteroposterior.

2. a kind of landslide physical model test hand-operated screw stem type deadweight charger according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottom surface of described weighted platform (2) is shiny surface, the end face both sides of described slidable panels (3) are provided with arris, for the guiding of weighted platform (2), two arris are respectively equipped with a row hole and hole is relative between two, be provided with slide bar (4) in relative holes, the bottom surface of weighted platform (2) and the end face of slidable panels (3) are slidably matched by described slide bar (4).

3. a kind of landslide physical model test hand-operated screw stem type deadweight charger according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the rear end of described weighted platform (2) is provided with mortise lock (1), temporary fixed for weighted platform (2) and slidable panels (3).

4. a kind of landslide physical model test hand-operated screw stem type deadweight charger according to claim arbitrary in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described slidable panels (3) front end is provided with angle dial, for the reading at the inclination angle of slidable panels (3).

5. a kind of landslide physical model test hand-operated screw stem type deadweight charger according to claim arbitrary in claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: the front and rear portions of described base plate (15) is respectively equipped with opening, opening is corresponding with the position of described handwheel (9), for passing handwheel (9).

6. a kind of landslide physical model test hand-operated screw stem type deadweight charger according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the front and rear portions of described base plate (15) is respectively equipped with opening, opening is corresponding with the position of described handwheel (9), for passing handwheel (9).

7. a kind of landslide physical model test hand-operated screw stem type deadweight charger according to claim arbitrary in claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that: described base plate (15) below is provided with several rows travelling wheel (16).