CN103012782A - Polyquaternary ammonium salt, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

其中，R₁、R₂、R₃、R₄各自独立地选自C₁-C₂的烷基；R₅、R₆各自独立地选自C₆-C₈的亚芳基、C₁-C₈的直链亚烷基、支链亚烷基以及C₁-C₈的直链亚烷基或支链亚烷基的羟基取代物中的一种；X^-为阴离子。本发明的聚季铵盐既可用于油田采出回注水或炼油厂循环冷却水的杀菌灭藻和管道粘泥剥离，也可用作原油破乳助剂。The invention relates to a polyquaternary ammonium salt and its preparation method and application. The polyquaternary ammonium salt is a dendritic structure formed by alternating connection of the following two structural units;

Among them, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , and R ₄ are each independently selected from C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl groups; R ₅ , R ₆ are each independently selected from C ₆ -C ₈ arylene groups, C ₁ - One of C ₈ straight-chain alkylene, branched-chain alkylene, and C ₁ -C ₈ straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene hydroxyl substitution; X ^- is an anion. The polyquaternary ammonium salt of the invention can be used for sterilization and algae removal of reinjection water produced in oilfields or circulating cooling water of refineries and slime stripping of pipelines, and can also be used as a crude oil demulsification aid.

Description

A kind of polyquaternium salt and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to a polyquaternary ammonium salt and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

Quaternary ammonium fungicides are one of the most widely used fungicides, which can be divided into single quaternary ammonium fungicides, double quaternary ammonium fungicides and polyquaternium fungicides. The single quaternary ammonium fungicide has the advantages of low price, fast sterilization speed, strong slime stripping ability and wide application range of pH value. Diquaternary ammonium salt fungicides are mainly Gemini-type quaternary ammonium salts, which have the advantages of high surface activity and strong adsorption performance, and also have special aggregation behavior and aggregate structure. Although single quaternary ammonium fungicides and double quaternary ammonium fungicides have certain advantages and have been widely used, there are still some shortcomings, such as greater toxicity and irritation, unsatisfactory chemical stability, etc., especially when large When molecular anionic compounds exist, their bactericidal activity will be greatly reduced or even disappear.

Polyquaternium refers to a high molecular polymer containing multiple quaternary ammonium cations in the molecule. It has a wide range of uses. In addition to being used as a fungicide, it can also be used as a conditioner for shampoo and a phase transfer agent for organic synthesis. . Existing polyquaternium salts are all linear structures, and relevant documents include CN101121557, CN 1394897, etc.

In summary, although the existing single quaternary ammonium fungicides and double quaternary ammonium fungicides have certain advantages, there are still some deficiencies. The existing polyquaternium salts are all linear structures, and polyquaternium salts with highly branched structures have not been reported.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a polyquaternium salt, which has a dendritic structure. The invention also provides the preparation method and application of the polyquaternary ammonium salt.

A kind of polyquaternium salt, this polyquaternium salt is the dendritic structure that the following two structural units are connected alternately;

Among them, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , and R ₄ are each independently selected from C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl groups; R ₅ , R ₆ are each independently selected from C ₆ -C ₈ arylene groups, C ₁ - One of C ₈ straight-chain alkylene, branched-chain alkylene, and C ₁ -C ₈ straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene hydroxyl substitution; X ^- is an anion.

Said X ^- is preferably a halogen anion, more preferably a chloride ion, a bromide ion or an iodide ion.

The "alternate connection" means that each structural unit in the polymer is only connected with its different structural units.

A preparation method of polyquaternary ammonium salt, comprising: contacting a compound of structural formula III with a compound of structural formula IV in a polar solvent;

Among them, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , and R ₄ are each independently selected from C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl groups; R ₅ , R ₆ are each independently selected from C ₆ -C ₈ arylene groups, C ₁ - One of C ₈ straight chain alkylene, branched chain alkylene and C ₁ -C ₈ straight chain alkylene or branched chain alkylene hydroxyl substitution; X is a halogen atom.

X is preferably a chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom.

From the viewpoint of availability of raw materials, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R ₄ are preferably the same, and R ₅ and R ₆ are preferably the same.

The compound IV structure is preferably bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl) ether, bis(2-dimethylaminopropyl) ether, bis(8-dimethylaminooctyl) ) ether, bis(N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethyl) ether, dimethylaminoethyl dimethylaminopropyl ether, dimethylaminoethyl diethylaminoethyl ether, Dimethylaminopropyl diethylaminopropyl ether, diethylaminoethyl dimethylaminopropyl ether, [2-(ethylmethylamino)ethyl]-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, [ 2-(ethylmethylamino)ethyl]-(2-diethylaminoethyl)ether, 4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-N,N-dimethylaniline, 4-(2 -Diethylaminoethoxy)-N,N-dimethylaniline, 3-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-N,N-dimethylaniline, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy base)-N,N-dimethylaniline, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-N,N-diethylaniline or 3-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-N,N - Diethylaniline.

Described polar solvent is preferably methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, acetone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, N, One or more of N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile and water.

The reaction temperature is preferably 20°C to 200°C, more preferably 50°C to 120°C.

The reaction time is preferably 2h to 60h, more preferably 8h to 30h.

The molar ratio of the compound of structural formula III to the compound of structural formula IV is preferably 1:0.3-4, more preferably 1:1-3, further preferably 1:1.6-2.4.

The present invention also includes, after the reaction, the product is separated by vacuum distillation.

The present invention can further purify the product through recrystallization.

The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned polyquaternary ammonium salt in fungicides and/or algicides.

The polyquaternium salt of the present invention has a dendritic structure, and the polyquaternium salt has excellent bactericidal and algae-killing properties, and it can be used for sterilizing and algae-killing of reinjection water produced in oilfields or circulating cooling water of refineries and stripping of pipeline slime , It can also be used as a demulsifier for crude oil.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics:

1. The polyquaternium salt of the present invention has a highly branched dendritic structure, and the polyquaternium salt has good water solubility, bactericidal and algicidal activity and surface activity.

2. The polyquaternium salt of the present invention is easy to biodegrade and belongs to an environment-friendly macromolecular compound.

3. The reaction conditions of the present invention are mild, the operation is simple, the yield is high, and the synthetic route is short.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

Polyquaternium salts were prepared using tetrachloromethylmethane and bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether.

Add 21.0g (0.10mol) of tetrachloromethylmethane and 32.0g (0.20mol) of bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether into a 250ml reaction flask, add 150g of absolute ethanol, protect with nitrogen, and heat up to 80°C After reacting for 20 h, cooling, and removing ethanol under reduced pressure, the obtained compound was mixed and recrystallized with ethanol and ethyl acetate to obtain 47.2 g of solid (yield 89.0%).

^{The 13} C NMR analysis results of _the product show that the N-CH peak with a chemical shift of 45.32 in the _raw material bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether disappears, and a quaternary ammonium N ⁺ -CH peak with a chemical shift of 52.66 is generated. The C-Cl peak with a chemical shift of 45.14 in tetrachloromethylmethane disappeared, and a quaternary ammonium N ⁺ -CH ₂ - peak with a chemical shift of 51.42 was generated.

Example 2

Polyquaternium salts were prepared from tetrabromomethylmethane and diethylaminoethyldimethylaminopropyl ether.

Add 38.7g (0.1mol) of tetrabromomethylmethane and 40.4g (0.2mol) of diethylaminoethyl dimethylaminopropyl ether into a 250ml reaction flask, add 150g of ethylene glycol, protect with nitrogen, and heat up to 120°C After reacting for 30 h, cooling, and removing ethanol under reduced pressure, the obtained compound was recrystallized with ethanol-ethyl acetate mixed solvent to obtain 65.5 g of solid (yield 82.9%).

The ¹³ C NMR analysis results of the product showed that the N-CH _peak with a chemical shift of 45.32 in the raw material diethylaminoethyl dimethylaminopropyl ether disappeared, and a quaternary ammonium N ⁺ _-CH peak with a chemical shift of 52.66 was generated. The C-Br peak with a chemical shift of 34.86 in tetrabromomethylmethane disappeared, and a quaternary ammonium N ⁺ -CH ₂ - peak with a chemical shift of 51.24 was generated.

Example 3

Polyquaternium salts were prepared from tetrabromomethylmethane and dimethylaminoethyl dimethylaminopropyl ether.

21.0g (0.1mol) of tetrachloromethylmethane and 34.8g (0.20mol) of dimethylaminoethyl dimethylaminopropyl ether were added to a 250ml reaction flask, and 150g of N,N-dimethylformamide was added, under nitrogen protection , the temperature was raised to 140° C. for 30 h, cooled, and the ethanol was removed under reduced pressure. The obtained compound was recrystallized from a mixed solvent of ethanol-ethyl acetate to obtain 45.5 g of solid (yield 81.6%).

^{The 13} C NMR analysis results of the product showed that the N-CH _peaks with chemical shifts of 44.82 and 45.33 in the raw material dimethylaminoethyl dimethylaminopropyl ether disappeared, and the quaternary ammonium N ⁺ -CH with chemical shifts of 51.86 and 52.67 was generated. ₃ peaks, the C-Br peak with a chemical shift of 34.86 of the raw material tetrabromomethylmethane disappeared, and a quaternary ammonium N ⁺ -CH ₂ - peak with a chemical shift of 52.13 was generated.

Example 4

This embodiment is used to illustrate the bactericidal and algae-killing effects of the polyquaternium salts obtained in Examples 1 to 3, and its bactericidal and algae-killing performance evaluation methods are as follows.

Static Bactericidal Performance Evaluation of Synthetic Dendritic Polyquaternium Salts Against Heteroxia Bacteria

This experiment refers to the microbial experiment part in the book "Cooling Water Analysis and Experimental Methods" compiled by the Production Department and Development Department of China Petrochemical Corporation.

The calculation method of sterilization rate is as follows:

Sterilization rate = (the number of bacteria in the blank sample at a certain time - the number of bacteria surviving at the same time) / the number of bacteria in the blank sample at a certain time

The above calculation method takes the number of bacteria in the blank sample at the same time as the base number, and takes into account the influence of external factors on the growth and reproduction of bacteria, so it is suitable for the comprehensive evaluation of fungicides in the laboratory. In this experiment, the above method was used to calculate the bactericidal rate of the product at 6h, 12h, 24h and 36h, and the dosage of the drug added was 40mg/L and 80mg/L respectively. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

The killing effect of table 1 test sample to heterooxygen bacteria

Evaluation of algicidal performance

All kinds of algae contain chlorophyll a, so the growth and death of algal cells can be measured by measuring the content of chlorophyll a. Evaluation test of the present invention adopts colorimetric method, specifically as follows:

Shake the algae liquid cultivated to a certain concentration, accurately measure 50 ml, transfer it to a 150 ml Erlenmeyer flask, add different concentrations of algicide to be tested in each flask, double parallel test, no algicide The flask was used as a control sample; the mouth of the bottle was covered with sterilized gauze, put into an algae incubator for cultivation, and its chlorophyll a was measured every day.

Shake the culture evenly, take an appropriate amount of sample and add 0.2-1.0 mL of magnesium carbonate suspension (prepared by adding 1 g of magnesium carbonate to 1000 mL of distilled water). Transfer to a centrifuge tube, centrifuge for 10 minutes (3500r/min), remove the supernatant, and collect the cells.

Transfer the collected cells to a homogenizer or mortar, add 2 to 3 mL of 90% acetone solution (prepared by adding 9 volumes of acetone to 1 volume of distilled water), and grind at room temperature for 3 minutes.

Transfer the extract into a graduated stoppered centrifuge tube, wash the homogenizer or mortar with about 1mL of 90% acetone solution, and pour the washing solution into the above centrifuge tube, repeat this 1-2 times, and finally set The volume is 10mL, centrifuge for 3min (3500-4000r/min), and let it stand for 1-2min. The above operations should be carried out in the dark.

Take the supernatant, and measure their optical densities at 750nm, 669nm, 645nm, and 630nm wavelengths with a cuvette with an optical path of 1cm. In order to reduce errors caused by reagents and operations, the supernatant (no culture) prepared according to the above process was taken as a blank control for adjusting the zero point during colorimetric determination. In addition, in order to make 0.2<OD663<1, cuvettes with different light paths should be selected or the dilution should be controlled. Chlorophyll a, b and c have absorption peaks at wavelengths of 663nm, 645nm and 630nm respectively. The OD measured at 750 nm was used to correct for turbidity. Therefore, when calculating their content, the OD should be corrected first, that is, the OD750 should be subtracted respectively:

Ca＝11.64(OD663)-2.16(OD645)+0.1(OD630)

Cb=20.91(OD645)-3.90(OD663)-3.66(OD630)

Cc=54.22(OD630)-14.81(OD645)-5.33(OD663)

In the formula, Ca, Cb, and Cc are the contents of chlorophyll a, b, and c in the extract, respectively, in g/L; OD645, OD630, and OD663 are corrected ODs.

The content of chlorophyll a in a unit volume of culture is:

Chlorophyll a content = (Ca × extract volume) / filtered culture volume

The test results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 The algicidal effect of test samples on Scenedesmus (Chlorophyta)

Control sample chlorophyll Ca＝7.872

Claims (13)

1. A polyquaternium salt, the polyquaternium salt is a dendritic structure that is alternately connected by the following two structural units; Among them, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , and R ₄ are each independently selected from C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl groups; R ₅ , R ₆ are each independently selected from C ₆ -C ₈ arylene groups, C ₁ - One of C ₈ straight-chain alkylene, branched-chain alkylene, and C ₁ -C ₈ straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene hydroxyl substitution; X ^- is an anion. 2. according to the described polyquaternary ammonium salt of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described X ^- is chlorine ion, bromide ion or iodide ion. 3. A preparation method of polyquaternium salt, comprising: contacting the compound of structural formula III with the compound of structural formula IV in a polar solvent;

Among them, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ are each independently selected from C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl groups; R ₅ , R ₆ are each independently selected from C ₆ -C ₈ arylene groups, C ₁ - One of C ₈ straight-chain alkylene, branched-chain alkylene, and C ₁ -C ₈ straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene hydroxyl substitution; X is a chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom. 4. according to the described method of claim 3, it is characterized in that, the compound of structural formula IV is two (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ethers, two (3-dimethylaminopropyl) ethers, two (2-dimethylaminopropyl) ethers Aminopropyl) ether, bis(8-dimethylaminooctyl) ether, bis(N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethyl) ether, dimethylaminoethyl dimethylaminopropyl base ether, dimethylaminoethyl diethylaminoethyl ether, dimethylaminopropyl diethylaminopropyl ether, diethylaminoethyl dimethylaminopropyl ether, [2-(ethylmethylamino)ethyl base]-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, [2-(ethylmethylamino)ethyl]-(2-diethylaminoethyl)ether, 4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy )-N, N-dimethylaniline, 4-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-N, N-dimethylaniline, 3-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)-N, N- Dimethylaniline, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-N,N-dimethylaniline, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-N,N-diethylaniline or 3 -(2-Diethylaminoethoxy)-N,N-diethylaniline. 5. according to the described method of claim 3, it is characterized in that, described polar solvent is methyl alcohol, ethanol, propanol, Virahol, butanol, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol One or more of triol, acetone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile and water. 6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the reaction temperature is 20°C to 200°C. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the reaction temperature is 50°C to 120°C. 8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the reaction time is 2h to 60h. 9. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the molar ratio of the compound of structural formula III to the compound of structural formula IV is 1:0.3-4. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the molar ratio of the compound of structural formula III to the compound of structural formula IV is 1:1-3. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the molar ratio of the compound of formula III to the compound of formula IV is 1:1.6-2.4. 12. according to the described method of claim 3, it is characterized in that, after reacting, separate by underpressure distillation, obtain product. 13. the application of polyquaternium salt described in claim 1 or 2 in bactericide and/or algicide.