CN103008326A - Method for comprehensive treatment of household refuses and secondary pollution control - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for comprehensive treatment of domestic waste and secondary pollution control, the main process of which is: 1) rough sorting of domestic waste; 2) pretreatment of domestic waste; 3) subdivision of domestic waste; 4) aerobic composting of domestic waste; 5) Preparation of bio-organic fertilizer; 6) Production of waste-derived fuel; 7) Secondary pollution control. The invention adopts parallel double sorting lines, the layout of the sorting lines is compact, the configuration of each functional unit equipment is reasonable, easy to operate and mechanized control, the sorting efficiency and energy recovery effect are significantly improved, and the reduction and harmlessness of domestic garbage can be realized. , resource and energy.

Description

A method for comprehensive treatment of domestic waste and secondary pollution control

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment and resource utilization, and relates to a comprehensive treatment method for domestic garbage, and more specifically to a method for green treatment of domestic garbage and secondary pollution control.

Background technique

With the development of social economy, the world's garbage output is increasing at a rate three times the average economic growth rate. The output of urban garbage in my country has accounted for more than 25% of the world's garbage output, and more than 70% of the 668 cities in the country have been garbage. Surrounded by garbage, a large amount of organic matter, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms are produced in the city surrounded by garbage, which seriously affects the quality of the environment and the health of residents. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, people discovered that waste resources can be used for heating, power generation, and driving cars. Waste is considered to be an inexhaustible "urban mineral deposit" with the greatest development potential and a "misplaced resource." , the reduction, recycling, energy and harmlessness of domestic waste is an urgent need to improve environmental quality, realize energy conservation and emission reduction, and is also an inevitable requirement for my country's social development.

The centralized treatment methods of domestic waste mainly include landfill, composting and incineration. The landfill method is simple to operate and has low treatment costs. It is currently the main way of domestic waste treatment. However, this method occupies a large area and has a low degree of waste reduction. The leachate and odor generated are likely to pollute groundwater and surrounding air. . The composting method is suitable for treating garbage with high organic matter content and can realize the recycling of some resources. However, due to the mixed collection of garbage in our country, unsorted domestic garbage contains a large amount of toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals, inert impurities and pathogenic microorganisms. After composting, the products have low fertilizer efficiency, many impurities, and heavy metals exceeding the standard, so it is difficult to be used as fertilizer or soil improver, and the market sales are not good.

The incineration method can realize the reduction and harmlessness of garbage. However, due to the complex composition of primary garbage in my country, high moisture content, and low calorific value, direct incineration requires the consumption of a large amount of auxiliary fuel, which requires a large investment and high operating costs. Raw waste also contains waste such as plastics and batteries, which are directly burned to produce hazardous waste such as dioxins and fly ash, causing serious secondary pollution to the surrounding environment.

Therefore, in order to realize the reduction, recycling, energy and harmlessness of domestic waste, effectively curb the secondary pollution of toxic and harmful substances such as dioxins, heavy metals, and fly ash, and improve the layout of mechanical sorting lines Due to the chaotic connection of unit equipment and generally low sorting efficiency, it is necessary to explore new methods for comprehensive treatment of domestic waste and secondary pollution control.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for comprehensive treatment of domestic garbage and secondary pollution control, so as to improve the defects in the known technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the method for the comprehensive treatment of domestic waste provided by the invention and the control of secondary pollution, its main process is:

1) Rough sorting of domestic waste

Domestic waste is first separated and collected from broken bags and large pieces of waste, and the sorted undersize is separated and recycled from ferromagnetic substances and refractory substances;

2) Domestic waste pretreatment

The degradable material is pretreated by facultative biological fermentation, the pretreatment temperature is controlled at 30-65°C, and the moisture content of the treated material is reduced by more than 60%;

3) Household garbage subdivision and selection

The pretreated materials are subdivided again to separate ferromagnetic substances and refractory substances, and the ferromagnetic materials separated by coarse separation and fine separation are combined and passed through two-stage magnetic separation drum screen and bounce separator Realize the separation and recovery of metals with different particle sizes;

4) Aerobic composting of domestic waste

The subdivided screened material enters the aerobic fermentation bin for aerobic composting. The temperature of aerobic composting is 40-70°C, and the moisture content of domestic waste after composting decreases by more than 80%;

5) Preparation of bio-organic fertilizer

After coarse sorting, pretreatment, fine sorting and aerobic composting, the materials are screened and then aerobic composting, so that the refractory substances in the garbage can be further decomposed and harmless. Fat;

6) Production of waste-derived fuel

Mix the combustible sieve and lime after garbage sorting in proportion, of which plastic and lime account for 80% and 5% of the dry weight of the material, and the materials are mixed and crushed and extruded to make garbage-derived fuel; non-combustible The oversize is made into building materials;

7) Secondary pollution control methods

The mechanical sorting equipment of the waste treatment plant and the top of the fermentation bin are equipped with odor gas collection pipes, and the odor enters the washing tower and the double-layer biological filter for treatment; the double-layer biological filter is filled with filter materials, and the filter materials Oxygen composting product and some oversize, the ratio of compost product and oversize is 10:1;

There is a leachate collection tank at the bottom of the garbage biological treatment bin. The leachate produced during the treatment process is treated in the anaerobic tank respectively. The treated sewage is used for plant greening and water replenishment during the biological fermentation process; the sludge produced during the treatment process and the separation The final garbage is mixed for aerobic composting.

Said method, wherein both the rough sorting line and the fine sorting line of garbage adopt two sorting lines running in parallel.

The method described above, wherein the rough separation of garbage consists of two-stage bag-breaking drum screens and a magnetic separation device; the fine separation of garbage consists of a first-stage drum screen, a magnetic separation device, and a third-stage drum screen.

The method described above, wherein, the oversize outlet of each stage of drum screen and the waste material outlet of the magnetic separation device are equipped with a wind separation device, and the materials selected by wind are transported by the wind separation belt into the plastic dry cleaning machine and plastic packaging machine.

The method, wherein the magnetic separation device is composed of an electromagnetic separator, a magnetic separation belt conveyor, and a material reversing rebound belt conveyor. After the domestic waste is transported to the magnetic separation device by the feeding belt conveyor, ferromagnetic substances in the garbage Under the joint action of the electromagnetic separator and the magnetic separation belt, the remaining garbage enters the reversing rebounder and is separated according to the density, specific gravity and air resistance of each component.

The method, wherein, the metal materials sorted out by the magnetic separation device enter the magnetic separation line, and successively pass through the reversing magnetic separation belt conveyor, the two-stage magnetic separation drum screen and the bouncing separator to realize the waste metal and bottle cap separation respectively. Separation and recovery of ferromagnetic materials with different particle sizes, densities and elasticity for batteries and lighters.

Said method, wherein, the oxygen content of the domestic waste pretreatment conditions is 0-5%, and the temperature is 30-65°C.

Said method, wherein, the ventilation mode of the aerobic composting is negative pressure ventilation at the bottom of the pile, and the ventilation frequency is 5-24h/d.

Said method, wherein both leachate collection and ventilation pass through strip-shaped grooves at the bottom of the heap, and the cross-section of the grooves is a trapezoidal structure with a wide top and a narrow bottom.

The method, wherein, adding a chlorine-fixing agent in the production of garbage derived fuel is extruded into cylindrical particles after mechanical crushing, the chlorine-fixing agent is Ca(OH) ₂ and/or CaO ₂ , and the amount of the chlorine-fixing agent added is garbage 5% to 20% of dry weight.

The advantages of the present invention are:

(1) The invention innovatively adopts parallel double sorting lines, which organically combine bag breaking, screening, magnetic separation, winnowing, and bounce sorting technologies. The sorting line layout is compact, the equipment configuration of each functional unit is reasonable, and the sorting efficiency is remarkable. Improvement, can effectively separate combustible substances, glass, plastic, bamboo, wood, fabric, rubber, masonry and other components, as well as toxic and harmful substances such as scrap metal, batteries, lighters, etc., the energy recovery effect is good, and the secondary pollution emission can be effectively controlled.

(2) The sorting line equipment and the fermentation chamber of the present invention are all fully enclosed, equipped with malodorous gas and leachate collection and treatment systems, which significantly reduce secondary pollution emissions, improve the environment of garbage treatment plants, and realize mechanization, automation, and resources of garbage treatment. change.

(3) The present invention makes full use of the waste materials on the garbage sorting screen and bio-composting products to make high-value-added garbage-derived fuel RDF, biofilter filter material, building materials, etc. in different ways. In addition, after the odor is treated by the biological filter, it is circulated into the fermentation bin for gas supply, and the sludge generated by the sewage treatment is used as an aerobic composting regulator. The entire comprehensive treatment process produces no waste, and realizes zero discharge of domestic waste and resource utilization. utilization.

(4) The magnetic separation effect of the present invention is ideal, toxic and harmful substances can be effectively separated, and the domestic waste can effectively reduce the moisture content and increase the organic matter content of the waste through the process of biological pretreatment, aerobic composting, and refined composting, and the content of plastics and heavy metals is extremely low. high quality.

(5) The invention is easy to operate and mechanized to control, the method is compact and reasonable, the energy consumption of the equipment is low, the secondary pollution is less, and it conforms to the policy of renewable energy and the concept of circular economy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of sorting device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a trommel screen of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic separation belt conveyor of the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs:

1. Electromagnetic separator; 2. Magnetic separation belt; 3. Reverse rebound belt conveyor; 4. Odor gas collection pipe; 5. Garbage inlet; 6. Feed belt; 7. Metal outlet; 8. Metal Receiving belt; 9. Waste outlet; 10. Shell; 11. Pulley; 12. Strip screen; 13. Bracket; 14. Baffle; 15. Engine; 16. Magnet; 17. Roller; 18. Reversing Magnetic separation belt; 19 prismatic magnetic strips.

Detailed ways

The method for the comprehensive treatment of domestic garbage provided by the present invention includes systems such as rough sorting of raw garbage, biological pretreatment, fine sorting, aerobic composting, fine composting, preparation of refuse-derived fuel (RDF), odor treatment, leachate treatment, etc. . Raw garbage is roughly sorted through bag-breaking drum screens and magnetic separation devices. After sorting, the garbage enters the biological pretreatment bin for dehydration and stabilization. After pretreatment, the garbage enters the fine sorting line. After screening, magnetic separation, Wind selection and other methods can effectively separate the recyclable and toxic and harmful products, and the remaining organic materials are aerobic composted and then screened, decomposed and made into finished fertilizer.

The combustible sieve with high calorific value obtained by sorting is crushed and extruded into RDF after adding chlorine fixing agent. Inert sieve materials such as masonry are regenerated into building materials.

Leachate from biological pretreatment, aerobic composting and refined composting processes enters sewage treatment facilities, including conditioning tanks, anaerobic tanks, aerobic aeration tanks, cooling towers, ultrafiltration, ozone catalytic oxidation tanks. The treated sewage is used for plant greening, fermentation and water replenishment; the sludge generated during the treatment process is mixed with sorted garbage for aerobic composting.

The mechanical sorting equipment and the top of the fermentation chamber are equipped with malodorous gas collection pipes, which are connected to the biological filter treatment system. The odor treatment system includes regeneration tanks, washing towers, biological filters and other devices.

In the comprehensive garbage treatment method described above, two sorting lines A and B run in parallel are used for the rough sorting and fine sorting lines of garbage.

In the comprehensive garbage treatment method, the rough sorting of garbage consists of two-stage bag-breaking drum screens and a magnetic separation device. Garbage fine separation consists of a first-stage drum screen, a magnetic separation device, and a third-stage drum screen.

In the comprehensive garbage treatment method described above, the oversize outlet of each stage of trommel screen and the waste material outlet of the magnetic separation device are equipped with a wind separation device. The air-selected materials enter the plastic dry-cleaning machine and plastic baler under the conveyance of the air-selection belt.

In the comprehensive garbage treatment method, the magnetic separation device is composed of an electromagnetic separator, a magnetic separation belt conveyor, and a material reversing rebound belt conveyor. After the domestic waste is transported to the magnetic separation device by the feeding belt conveyor, the ferromagnetic substances in the waste are recycled under the joint action of the electromagnetic separator and the magnetic separation belt, and the remaining waste enters the reversing bouncer. Differences in specific gravity and air resistance are separated.

The method for comprehensive treatment of garbage, wherein, after the metal materials sorted by the magnetic separation device of the coarse separation and fine separation lines enter the magnetic separation line, they are combined together under the action of the reversing magnetic separation belt conveyor, successively Through two-stage magnetic separation drum screen and bounce separator, the separation and recovery of waste metals, bottle caps, batteries, lighters and other ferromagnetic materials with different particle sizes, densities and elasticity are realized.

The method for comprehensive treatment of garbage, wherein the biological pretreatment condition of domestic garbage is facultative fermentation, the height of the pile is 1.0-3.5 meters, the oxygen content is 0-5%, the temperature is 30-65° C., and the treatment time is 8-30 days. The aerobic composting conditions of garbage are aerobic fermentation, oxygen content is 8-20%, the height of the pile is 1.0-2.5 meters, the temperature is 40-70°C, and the treatment time is 10-30 days. The ventilation method is negative pressure ventilation at the bottom of the pile, and the ventilation frequency is 5-24h/d.

The comprehensive garbage treatment method described above, wherein the leachate is collected and ventilated through strip-shaped grooves at the bottom of the heap, the cross-section of the groove is a trapezoidal structure, wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, with a bottom width of 5-20 cm and a surface width of 10-40 cm. The depth of the groove is 10-30cm.

In the comprehensive treatment method of garbage, the RDF is made by using plastics, fabrics, bamboo, wood, paper and other sieves, and the content of plastics is 50% to 90%. After adding chlorine-fixing agent, the sieve is mechanically crushed and extruded into cylindrical particles. The diameter of RDF particles is 5-30mm, and the length is 20-100mm. The chlorine fixing agent can be Ca(OH) ₂ , CaO ₂ , but not limited to the above compounds.

In the comprehensive treatment method of garbage, the filler of the biofilter adopts aerobic composting products of domestic garbage, bamboo, wood and fabrics sorted out from garbage and other sieves. The ratio of compost product to oversize is 5:1-20:1.

The method for the comprehensive treatment of domestic waste provided by the present invention is composed of domestic waste mechanical sorting, biological treatment, malodorous gas treatment, leachate treatment and other systems, and the treated waste is used to prepare organic fertilizers, RDF, building materials and other products, Realize the harmless, resource and energy conversion of domestic waste.

Raw waste is mechanically sorted through two sorting lines running in parallel. Garbage coarse separation is composed of two-stage bag-breaking drum screen and magnetic separation device; garbage fine separation is composed of first-stage drum screen, magnetic separation device, and three-stage drum screen. The oversize outlet of the trommel screen and the waste material outlet of the magnetic separation device are equipped with air separation devices, and the materials selected by air are transported by the air separation belt into the plastic dry cleaning machine and plastic baler. The metal materials separated by the magnetic separation device enter the magnetic separation line, and pass through the reversing magnetic separation belt conveyor, the two-stage magnetic separation drum screen and the bouncing separator successively to realize the separation and recovery of different particle sizes, densities and elastic ferromagnetic materials. .

After rough sorting, the garbage is sent to the biological pretreatment bin, and the facultative fermentation treatment is carried out at a temperature of 30-65°C for 8-30 days to dehydrate and stabilize the garbage. The pretreated garbage enters the fine sorting line, and the recyclable and toxic and harmful products are efficiently separated by screening, magnetic separation, winnowing and other methods, and the remaining organic materials are aerobic composted. The composting condition is aerobic fermentation , the oxygen content is 8-20%, the pile height is 1.0-2.5 meters, the temperature is 40-70°C, and the treatment time is 10-30 days.

The aerobic composting products are screened and finely composted to make organic finished fertilizer. The high calorific value combustible sieve obtained by mechanical separation is crushed and extruded into RDF after adding chlorine fixation agent. Inert sieve materials such as masonry are regenerated into building materials.

The mechanical sorting equipment and the top of the fermentation chamber are equipped with odor gas collection pipes, and the odor is treated by regeneration tanks, washing towers, biological filters and other devices. The filter material of the biological filter is composed of aerobic composting products and sorted bamboo wood and fabrics. The leachate produced during the biological treatment of garbage is treated by facilities such as regulating tanks, anaerobic tanks, aerobic aeration tanks, cooling towers, ultrafiltration, and ozone catalytic oxidation tanks. After sewage treatment, it can be used for plant greening, fermentation and water replenishment; the sludge generated during the treatment process is mixed with sorted garbage for aerobic composting.

In order to further understand the invention content, characteristics and effects of the present invention, examples are listed and described in detail in conjunction with FIG. 1 .

Example 1

In a municipal solid waste treatment plant with a processing capacity of 1,200 tons/day, raw waste is sent into the plant through a steel plate receiving trough, and after rough sorting of waste, it enters the biological pretreatment bin for dehydration and stabilization, and the pretreated waste enters fine sorting Through screening, magnetic separation, winnowing and other methods, the recyclable and toxic and harmful products are efficiently separated, and the remaining organic materials are aerobically composted. The garbage, sieve, and inert materials after biological treatment are used to produce bio-organic fertilizers, RDF, building materials and other products to realize the reduction, harmlessness and recycling of domestic waste.

1. Rough sorting of domestic waste

Raw garbage goes through the steel plate feeding port for rough sorting line. The rough sorting line is composed of two sorting lines running in parallel, A and B. The garbage is first sent to the two-stage bag breaking and screening device for bag breaking and bulk garbage. , Separate collection of shoes. The bag-breaking drum screen is 8m long, the drum diameter is 2.5m, the screen hole is 10cm strip shape, and the included angle with the horizontal plane is 1-5 degrees.

The underscreen material enters the magnetic separation device with a height of 6m. The electromagnetic separator 1 and the magnetic separation belt 2 are located at a height of 5.5 meters. After the selection, the ferromagnetic material enters the magnetic separation line through the reversing magnetic separator, and the two-stage magnetic separation drum screen separates and recycles waste metals such as cans, and then separates batteries, lighters, etc. through the bounce separator, and the remaining bricks, shoes, Refractory materials such as rubber are used as building materials, and the remaining degradable materials after sorting are transported by the material output belt to the biological pretreatment bin for processing. The air separation device is installed at the outlet of the bag-breaking trommel screen and the waste line outlet of the magnetic separation device, and is connected with a plastic dry cleaning machine and a baler for plastic recycling. The plastic recycling device is a known device.

2. Domestic waste pretreatment

Household garbage enters the open pretreatment warehouse for facultative biological fermentation. After rough sorting, the garbage is stacked in stacks, with a width of 5-8m, a length of 10-30m, and a height of 2.5-3.5m. Unlike separate stacking, the whole treatment process does not require ventilation or turning. The pretreatment temperature is controlled at 35-65°C, and the treatment time is 8-30 days. After treatment, the moisture content of the garbage is reduced by more than 60%. There is an odor collection pipe on the top of the warehouse body, and the leachate produced by composting enters the sewage treatment system through the diversion tank at the bottom of the warehouse, and then undergoes advanced treatment through the anaerobic reaction tank, A/O treatment tank, ultrafiltration and ozone catalytic oxidation tank respectively. The sewage treatment device is known equipment, and the treated sewage is used for greening of the factory area.

3. Fine sorting of domestic waste

The garbage after biological pretreatment is transported to two fine sorting lines A and B running in parallel, and the garbage is separated and sorted through the first-stage drum screen, the magnetic separation device and the third-stage drum screen. The magnetic separation device is 6m high, and the top is provided with a malodorous gas collection pipe 4. The electromagnetic separator 1 and the magnetic separation belt 2 are located at a height of 5.5 meters. Garbage feed inlet 5 is 8 degree angles with horizontal plane, and feed belt 6 is wide to be 160cm, and metal outlet 7 is positioned at feed inlet just below, and metal feed belt 8 is wide 80cm, and direction is 90 degrees with feed belt. After the garbage is sorted by magnetic separation and reversing bounce, refractory materials such as masonry, glass, shoes, rubber, etc. are transported to the waste line through the waste outlet, and the waste outlet 9 is 8 degrees from the horizontal plane. The drum screen has a diameter of 2m and a length of 8m. It is composed of a casing 10, a pulley 11, a strip screen 12, a bracket 13, a baffle plate 14, and a motor 15. It is at an angle of 1.5 degrees to the horizontal plane. The mixed ferromagnetically separated material after primary magnetic separation is brought into the trommel screen through the magnetic separation line belt, and the trommel screen rotates at a speed of 0.2-0.8m/s under the drive of the belt pulley, and the materials with different particle sizes are collected after screening. The size of the four-stage trommel screen is the same, and the apertures of the circular screen holes are 10cm, 5cm, 5cm and 3cm respectively. The air separation device is installed at the outlet of the bag-breaking trommel screen and the waste line outlet of the magnetic separation device, and is connected with a plastic dry cleaning machine and a baler for plastic recycling. The plastic recycling device is a known device.

The metal materials separated by the magnetic separation device enter the magnetic separation line, and the ferromagnetic materials produced by the coarse separation and the fine separation are combined under the action of the reversing belt conveyor, and then go through the two-stage magnetic separation drum screen and the bouncing separator. Separation and recovery of toxic and harmful materials such as metals with different particle sizes, lighters, batteries, etc. Wherein, the reversing magnetic separation belt is installed on the metal discharge belt top, and the upper and lower sides of the support of the reversing magnetic separation belt respectively install two rollers 17 with magnets 16 in the middle, and the reversing magnetic separation belt 18 and the metal discharge belt 8 Vertical and parallel to the magnetic belt. On the magnetic separation belt of the reversing magnetic separation belt, prismatic magnetic rubber strips 19 are horizontally installed at intervals. The magnetic trommel screen has two stages, and the mesh diameter of the first stage magnetic trommel screen connected with the magnetic separation line belt is larger than the screen mesh diameter of the second stage magnetic trommel screen; The material end is provided with a baffle 14 to facilitate material collection. The bouncing belt of the bouncing sorter is at an angle of 1 to 5 degrees to the horizontal plane.

4. Domestic garbage aerobic composting

After finely sorting the garbage, the undersize material enters the aerobic fermentation bin for aerobic composting, and the oversize material is crushed and briquetted to make derivative fuel. Garbage is stacked in strips, with a width of 5-8m, a length of 10-30m, and a height of 1-2 meters, and is stacked separately according to the time of garbage entering the warehouse. The temperature is controlled at 40-65°C, and the processing time is 15-30 days. , through negative pressure ventilation at the bottom of the pile, keep the oxygen content of the pile above 10%, and the ventilation frequency is 10-24h/d. The composted garbage is harmless, and the moisture content of the garbage is reduced by more than 80%.

5. Bio-organic fertilizer preparation

The products of domestic waste after rough sorting, biological pretreatment, fine sorting and aerobic composting are screened and then finely composted, so that the refractory substances in the waste can be further decomposed and harmless. The height of fine composting is 1-2m , The treatment time is 10-30d under the condition of 30-70 ℃, no ventilation treatment is required. The decomposed compost products are crushed, granulated, polished and packaged to prepare finished bio-organic fertilizers.

6. Waste-derived fuel production

The combustible sieve with high calorific value after garbage sorting is mixed with lime in proportion, wherein the plastic and lime account for 80% and 5% of the dry weight of the material. After the materials are mixed, they are crushed and extruded to make RDF. RDF is a cylindrical particle with a diameter of 10-30 mm and a length of 30-100 mm. Inert sieve materials such as masonry are regenerated into building materials.

7. Secondary pollution control methods

The mechanical sorting equipment of the waste treatment plant and the top of the fermentation bin are equipped with odor gas collection pipes, and the odor enters the washing tower and the double-layer biological filter successively for treatment. The double-layer biofilter is filled with high-adsorption performance filter material, which is composed of aerobic composting products and some oversize (bamboo wood, fabric, etc.), and the ratio of compost products to oversize is 10:1.

There is a leachate collection tank at the bottom of the garbage biological treatment bin, and the leachate generated during the treatment process passes through the anaerobic tank (22×25×7, 3850m ³ ) and the aerobic aeration tank (18×20×7, 2520m ³ ) respectively. , cooling tower (2 sets), ozone catalytic oxidation tank (6×8×7, 336m ³ ) and other facilities for advanced treatment. The treated sewage is mainly used for plant greening and water replenishment during the biological fermentation process; the sludge generated during the treatment process is mixed with sorted garbage for aerobic composting.

The invention innovatively adopts parallel double sorting lines, which organically combine bag breaking, screening, magnetic separation, winnowing, and bounce sorting technologies. The layout of the sorting line is compact, the equipment configuration of each functional unit is reasonable, and the sorting efficiency is significantly improved. Make full use of the waste materials on garbage sorting and bio-composting products, and use different methods to make high value-added garbage-derived fuel RDF, biofilter filter materials, building materials, etc., to achieve zero discharge of domestic garbage and resource and energy utilization .

Claims (10)

1. One way of life comprehensive garbage disposal and secondary pollution control method, its main flow process is:

   1) household garbage rough sorting choosing

   House refuse is at first carried out the separated and collected of garbage bag breaking and bulk rubbish, and the screenings after the sorting carries out separating and recovery of ferromagnetic material and hard-degraded substance;

   2) house refuse preliminary treatment

   The degradable material carries out facultative biofermentation preliminary treatment, and pretreatment temperature is controlled at 30～65 ℃, and the material water ratio after the processing reduces more than 60%;

   3) Domestic garbage fine sorting

   Pretreated material is segmented choosing again, and separating ferrum magnetic material and hard-degraded substance select isolated ferromagnetic materials to merge the recovery that separates that realizes the different-grain diameter metal by two-stage magnetic separation roller sieve and bouncing sorter ragging and segmentation;

   4) house refuse aerobic compost

   Oversize after the segmentation choosing enters aerobic fermentation chamber and carries out aerobic compost, and the temperature of aerobic compost is 40～70 ℃, and the house refuse moisture content behind the compost descends more than 80%;

   5) biological organic fertilizer preparation

   Material through ragging, preliminary treatment, segmentation choosing and aerobic compost sieves the laggard oxygen compost of acting charitably again, makes further decomposition and innoxious of hard-degraded substance in the rubbish, and the composting production after becoming thoroughly decomposed is this refined biometric fertilizer;

   6) garbage derivatived fuel is made

   Flammable oversize behind the refuse classification is mixed in proportion with lime, and wherein plastics, lime account for 80% and 5% of material dry weight, and garbage derivatived fuel is made in broken after each mixing of materials, extrusion modling; The non-combustible oversize is made construction material;

   7) secondary pollution control method

   Mechanical sorting equipment, the fermentation cabin top of destructor plant are equipped with the foul gas collection conduit, and foul smell successively enters scrubbing tower, process double-deck biofilter; Be filled with filtrate in the double-deck biofilter, filtrate is comprised of aerobic compost product and part oversize, and composting production and oversize ratio are 10: 1;

   Rubbish biological is processed the bottom, storehouse and is provided with the leachate collection groove, and the percolate that produces in the processing procedure is processed through anaerobic pond respectively, and sewage is used for the moisturizing of plant area's greening, biological fermentation process after processing; Mud and the rubbish after the sorting that processing procedure produces are mixed into the oxygen compost of acting charitably.
2. 2. method according to claim 1, wherein, garbage rough sorting and meticulous sorting line all adopt two sorting lines that run parallel.
3. 3. method according to claim 2, wherein, the garbage rough sorting is comprised of two-stage rotary screen for breaking bags, magnetic sorting apparatus; Rubbish segmentation choosing is comprised of one-level rotary screen, magnetic sorting apparatus, three grades of rotary screens.
4. 4. method according to claim 3, wherein, the outlet of the oversize of every grade of rotary screen and magnetic sorting apparatus waste outlet all are furnished with wind power sorting device, and the material that selection by winnowing goes out enters plastic dry cleaning machine and plastics baling press under the conveying of selection by winnowing belt.
5. 5. method according to claim 3, wherein, magnetic sorting apparatus is comprised of electromagnetic separator, magnetic-separation belt conveyor, material commutation bounce-back belt feeder, house refuse is after the feed belt machine is delivered to magnetic sorting apparatus, ferromagnetic material in the rubbish is recycled under the acting in conjunction of electromagnetic separator and magnetic separation belt, residual refuse enters commutation bounce-back machine, and is separated according to each density of fraction, proportion and air drag difference.
6. 6. method according to claim 3, wherein, the metalliferous material that magnetic sorting apparatus sub-elects enters the magnetic separation line, by commutation magnetic-separation belt conveyor, two-stage magnetic separation roller sieve and bouncing sorter, realize respectively the recovery that separates of old metal, bottle cap, battery, lighter different grain size, density and elasticity ferromagnetic material first.
7. 7. method according to claim 1, wherein, the oxygen content 0～5% of house refuse pretreatment condition, 30～65 ℃ of temperature.
8. 8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the draft type of aerobic compost is heap body bottom exhaust ventilation, ventilation frequency 5～24h/d.
9. 9. method according to claim 1, wherein, leachate collection and all strip grooves bottom the heap body that ventilates, trench cross-section is trapezium structure wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.
10. 10. method according to claim 1 wherein, is added chlorine-solidifying agent and is squeezed into the cylinder particle after by Mechanical Crushing during garbage derivatived fuel is made, chlorine-solidifying agent is Ca (OH) ₂And/or CaO ₂, the chlorine-solidifying agent addition is 5%～20% of rubbish dry weight.

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