CN103004624B - Animal noise stimulation box - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的噪声刺激箱的主要功能是给实验动物提供噪声刺激时的噪声给声环境。为了提高隔音性能，采用轻型隔声构件及双层复合隔声结构来实现。同时满足上述噪音箱的通风、防火、防潮，防腐蚀等特殊要求。本发明的噪音箱最大限度的保证信号发生器的噪声信号输出后强度的稳定及最小衰减。最大程度地满足了对规范噪声刺激模型的要求，为噪声性聋动物模型的建立，提供了有效的环境基础。本发明涉及实验动物科学研究、声波阻隔吸音材料、物理通风等领域、适用于各种噪声性听力损失动物模型及声刺激模型的建立及噪声暴露下实验动物的行为监测。
The main function of the noise stimulation box of the present invention is to provide noise to the acoustic environment during noise stimulation for experimental animals. In order to improve the sound insulation performance, light-weight sound insulation components and double-layer composite sound insulation structures are used to achieve. At the same time, it meets the special requirements of ventilation, fire prevention, moisture resistance and corrosion resistance of the above-mentioned noise box. The noise box of the present invention ensures the stability and minimum attenuation of the intensity of the noise signal output by the signal generator to the greatest extent. It satisfies the requirements for standardized noise stimulation models to the greatest extent, and provides an effective environmental basis for the establishment of animal models of noise-induced deafness. The invention relates to the fields of scientific research on experimental animals, sound-wave blocking and sound-absorbing materials, physical ventilation, etc., and is applicable to the establishment of various noise-induced hearing loss animal models and acoustic stimulation models and the behavior monitoring of experimental animals under noise exposure.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及实验动物科学研究、声波阻隔吸音材料、物理通风等领域、适用于各种噪声性听力损失动物模型及声刺激模型的建立及噪声暴露下实验动物的行为监测。The invention relates to the fields of scientific research on experimental animals, sound-wave blocking and sound-absorbing materials, physical ventilation, etc., and is applicable to the establishment of various noise-induced hearing loss animal models and acoustic stimulation models and the behavior monitoring of experimental animals under noise exposure.
背景技术Background technique
在噪声性聋临床与基础研究中，需要进行动物实验，对受试对象如：豚鼠、大鼠、小鼠等进行听觉电生理评估后，根据不同的实验目的对其采用不同的噪声刺激(声信号需量化和评估)，其后对受试对象(或给予相应处理后)进行相关指标的定量定性检测和观察，从而得到相对客观的统计结果。以往实验动物模型的建立，噪声刺激源常在户外现场进行，例如：利用飞机发动机声、火炮发射时的冲击波、鞭炮声等，其缺陷是无法准确评估噪声特性，动物模型建造重复性差，动物难以及时检测，费时，所用实验经费昂贵。为了对噪声刺激所产生的相应生理(电生理)、病理、神经系统等方面的变化做出科学分析和判断，输出信号稳定量化、实时监测和科学评估尤为重要。本发明的噪声箱可以将噪声刺激信号发声器发生的白噪声或高强度纯音，封闭在一定的空间内，最大限度的减少该声刺激、声波的衰减，提高其有效性。In the clinical and basic research of noise-induced deafness, animal experiments are required. After evaluating the auditory electrophysiology of subjects such as guinea pigs, rats, mice, etc., different noise stimuli (sound stimulation) are used according to different experimental purposes. The signal needs to be quantified and evaluated), and then conduct quantitative and qualitative detection and observation of relevant indicators on the subject (or after corresponding treatment), so as to obtain relatively objective statistical results. In the past, in the establishment of experimental animal models, noise stimuli were often carried out outdoors, such as the sound of aircraft engines, shock waves when artillery was fired, and firecrackers. Timely detection is time-consuming, and the experimental funds used are expensive. In order to make scientific analysis and judgment on the corresponding physiological (electrophysiological), pathological, and nervous system changes caused by noise stimulation, stable quantification, real-time monitoring and scientific evaluation of the output signal are particularly important. The noise box of the present invention can seal the white noise or high-intensity pure tone generated by the noise stimulus signal generator in a certain space, minimize the attenuation of the sound stimulus and sound wave, and improve its effectiveness.
本发明的噪声刺激箱的主要功能是给实验动物提供噪声刺激时的噪声给声环境。为了提高隔音性能，采用轻型隔声构件及双层复合隔声结构来实现。同时满足上述噪声刺激箱的通风、防火、防潮，防腐蚀等特殊要求。本发明的噪声刺激箱最大限度的保证信号发生器的噪声信号输出后强度的稳定及最小衰减。最大程度地满足了对规范噪声刺激模型的要求，为噪声性聋动物模型的建立，提供了有效的环境基础。The main function of the noise stimulation box of the present invention is to provide noise to the acoustic environment during noise stimulation for experimental animals. In order to improve the sound insulation performance, light-weight sound insulation components and double-layer composite sound insulation structures are used to achieve. At the same time, it meets the special requirements of ventilation, fire prevention, moisture resistance and corrosion resistance of the above-mentioned noise stimulation box. The noise stimulation box of the present invention guarantees the stability and minimum attenuation of the intensity of the noise signal output by the signal generator to the greatest extent. It satisfies the requirements for standardized noise stimulation models to the greatest extent, and provides an effective environmental basis for the establishment of animal models of noise-induced deafness.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的动物噪声刺激箱为双层结构，内外层之间的底部安置有隔振器上，形成浮筑结构，以消除通过大楼结构传递的低频固体传声。所述的噪声刺激箱的内层隔声结构四周与外层隔声结构之间有50mm以上的间隙，顶部通风机与通风消声管道的连接均为软连接，这样，可以避免形成声桥。隔振器选用自身固有频率在10Hz以下的，消除通过大楼结构传递的低频固体传声。The animal noise stimulation box of the present invention has a double-layer structure, and the bottom between the inner and outer layers is placed on a vibration isolator to form a floating structure to eliminate low-frequency solid sound transmission through the building structure. There is a gap of more than 50mm between the inner layer sound insulation structure of the described noise stimulation box and the outer layer sound insulation structure, and the connections between the top ventilator and the ventilation and noise reduction pipeline are soft connections, so that the formation of sound bridges can be avoided. The vibration isolator is selected with its own natural frequency below 10Hz to eliminate the low-frequency solid-borne sound transmitted through the building structure.
所述的噪声刺激箱四壁结构为双层100mm钢结构隔声吸声层，该结构有60-70dB(A)的隔声量。The four-wall structure of the noise stimulation box is a double-layer 100mm steel structure sound insulation and sound absorption layer, and the structure has a sound insulation of 60-70dB(A).
所述的噪声刺激箱的内外层均有隔声门，两道隔声门设计成“声闸”式双层密封结构，这样的结构两道门有60-70dB(A)的隔声量。The inner and outer layers of the noise stimulation box all have sound insulation doors, and the two sound insulation doors are designed as a "sound brake" type double-layer sealing structure. The two doors of such a structure have a sound insulation of 60-70dB (A).
两道门上均开有隔声观察窗，每到观察窗均为采用真空隔音窗技术，这样的结构有60-70dB(A)的隔声量。There are sound insulation observation windows on the two doors, and each observation window adopts vacuum sound insulation window technology. This structure has a sound insulation of 60-70dB(A).
有关通风的设计，需在所述的噪声刺激箱的顶部和侧面的对角位置，分别加装消声风道和通风机，以消除空气动力性噪声及机械噪声，通风机与消声风道的连接处，均需软连接，以消除振动引起的二次噪声。所述的噪声刺激箱进出风口风速一般控制在1.0m/s以下。Regarding the design of ventilation, it is necessary to install a noise reduction air duct and a fan at the diagonal positions on the top and side of the noise stimulation box to eliminate aerodynamic noise and mechanical noise. All connections must be softly connected to eliminate secondary noise caused by vibration. The wind speed at the air inlet and outlet of the noise stimulation box is generally controlled below 1.0m/s.
(1)通风消声设计(1) Ventilation and noise reduction design
通风消声采用阻抗消声器，其消声量可按如下公式进行计算：The ventilation muffler adopts the impedance muffler, and its muffler can be calculated according to the following formula:
ΔL＝Φ(α)·C·h/SΔL=Φ(α)·C·h/S
式中：Φ(α)-高效阻性消声片的消声系数(与所用的材料有关)；In the formula: Φ(α) - the noise reduction coefficient of the high-efficiency resistive noise reduction sheet (related to the material used);
C，S-分别是消声通道的周长和截面面积；C, S- are the perimeter and cross-sectional area of the anechoic channel, respectively;
h-消声通道的有效消声长度。h - the effective anechoic length of the anechoic channel.
风管与主机连接前部加装有消音器；设备基础及管道联接均做隔震处理。A muffler is installed in front of the connection between the air pipe and the main engine; the equipment foundation and the pipe connection are all subjected to shock isolation treatment.
同时配合隔音工程在进出风口做相应的消声降噪处理；At the same time, cooperate with the sound insulation project to do corresponding noise reduction and noise reduction treatment at the air inlet and outlet;
(2)通风风速的设计(2) Design of ventilation speed
风速大小是决定风力再生噪声(消声器失效)的重要原因，为了控制风力再生噪声，必须把风速控制在一定范围内，在本工程中，风速不得超过1.0m/s。Wind speed is an important factor determining wind regeneration noise (muffler failure). In order to control wind regeneration noise, the wind speed must be controlled within a certain range. In this project, the wind speed must not exceed 1.0m/s.
隔声构件应在较宽的频率范围内，有较高的隔声量。多数隔声构件都希望是质轻、隔声量高的构件。若用钢结构隔声板，高频声容易隔掉，而中低频声难隔，故需要与吸声等措施相结合，提高其隔声能力。我们采取的是复合钢隔音结构，所述的噪声刺激箱的侧壁和顶底面均为钢板做成的空腔，钢板里外静电喷涂，在空腔中填冲多孔性纤维吸声材料，其平均吸声系数大于0.50。各构件连接处密闭不漏声，拼缝处有密封条。同时满足所述的噪声刺激箱的防火、防潮、防腐蚀等特殊要求。The sound insulation components should have high sound insulation in a wide frequency range. Most sound insulation components are expected to be light weight and high sound insulation components. If a steel structure sound insulation board is used, high-frequency sound is easy to isolate, but middle and low-frequency sound is difficult to isolate, so it needs to be combined with sound absorption and other measures to improve its sound insulation ability. We adopt a composite steel sound insulation structure. The side walls and top and bottom surfaces of the noise stimulation box are cavities made of steel plates. The inside and outside of the steel plates are electrostatically sprayed, and porous fiber sound-absorbing materials are filled in the cavities. The average sound absorption coefficient is greater than 0.50. The joints of each component are airtight without sound leakage, and there are sealing strips at the joints. At the same time, it meets the special requirements of the noise stimulation box, such as fire prevention, moisture resistance and corrosion resistance.
主要材料采用冷轧钢板、镀锌钢板、阻尼板、隔音棉、穿孔吸音板等材料。The main materials are cold-rolled steel plate, galvanized steel plate, damping plate, sound insulation cotton, perforated sound-absorbing plate and other materials.
60dB的优质隔声效果给了动物实验纯净的无干扰声刺激的给声环境，最大限度的保证信号发生器的信号输出，最大程度的满足了对规范声刺激模型的建立，为动物实验数据的可靠性，有效性提供了环境基础。The high-quality sound insulation effect of 60dB provides a pure and non-interfering sound environment for animal experiments, ensures the signal output of the signal generator to the greatest extent, and satisfies the establishment of standardized acoustic stimulation models to the greatest extent. Reliability, availability provides the basis for the environment.
所述的噪声刺激箱总高度为1400mm，非常适宜安置在操作台面或桌面上，方便操作人员观察。所述的噪声刺激箱分上下部分，上部为大功率音箱，内置四只扬声器。下部为动物试验空间，箱体内壁两侧设有给音传感器，视频摄像头。除了方便操作人员观察外，摄像头的设置更满足了操作人员对动物行为的实时观察。另外，所述的噪声刺激箱的所有调节均可以通过电脑操作，方便，快捷，精确。The total height of the noise stimulation box is 1400mm, which is very suitable to be placed on the operating table or desktop, which is convenient for operators to observe. The noise stimulation box is divided into upper and lower parts, and the upper part is a high-power sound box with four built-in speakers. The lower part is the animal test space, and there are sound sensors and video cameras on both sides of the inner wall of the box. In addition to being convenient for the operator to observe, the setting of the camera satisfies the operator's real-time observation of animal behavior. In addition, all the adjustments of the noise stimulation box can be operated by a computer, which is convenient, fast and accurate.
高隔声量的所述的噪声刺激箱环境，加上高性能的信号发生器，为动物模型的建立提供可靠的保证，计算机的精准操作，让数据更加科学，可靠，大大增加了动物模型建造的可重复性。The environment of the noise stimulation box with high sound insulation, coupled with the high-performance signal generator, provides a reliable guarantee for the establishment of animal models. The precise operation of the computer makes the data more scientific and reliable, which greatly increases the cost of animal model construction. repeatability.
本发明通过高隔声量的所述的噪声刺激箱给声环境，高性能的信号发生器，精准的计算机操作，清晰的数码视频传输，满足了操作人员的实时调控，实时观察，实时记录，实时分析，大大提高了工作效率。The present invention provides the acoustic environment through the noise stimulation box with high sound insulation, high-performance signal generator, precise computer operation, and clear digital video transmission, which satisfies the real-time control, real-time observation, real-time recording and real-time operation of operators. analysis, greatly improving work efficiency.
所述的噪声刺激箱净尺寸800mm(宽)×1200mm(高)×500mm(深)。所述的噪声刺激箱中，上下部的划分明确了其部位功能，有足够空间进行扩展。通过计算机的整合，为今后的扩展提供无尽可能。The net size of the noise stimulation box is 800mm (width)×1200mm (height)×500mm (depth). In the noise stimulation box, the division of the upper and lower parts clearly defines the functions of its parts, and there is enough space for expansion. Through the integration of computers, it provides unlimited possibilities for future expansion.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1：动物噪声刺激箱双层结构图Figure 1: Double layer structure diagram of animal noise stimulation box
图2：动物噪声刺激箱的双层100mm钢结构隔声吸声层示意图Figure 2: Schematic diagram of the double-layer 100mm steel structure sound insulation and sound absorption layer of the animal noise stimulation box
图3：动物噪声刺激箱隔声采光窗外形示意图Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the shape of the sound insulation and daylighting window of the animal noise stimulation box
图4：通风消声设计原理曲线图Figure 4: Design Principle Curve of Ventilation and Noise Reduction
图5：动物噪声刺激箱设计图Figure 5: Design drawing of animal noise stimulation box
图6：动物噪声刺激箱三视图Figure 6: Three views of the animal noise stimulation box
图7：动物噪声刺激箱效果图Figure 7: Effect drawing of animal noise stimulation box
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细描述本发明的动物噪声刺激箱的结构和组成。The structure and composition of the animal noise stimulation box of the present invention will be described in detail below.
本发明的动物噪声刺激箱为双层结构，内外层之间的底部安置有隔振器上，形成浮筑结构，以消除通过大楼结构传递的低频固体传声。所述的噪声刺激箱的内层隔声结构四周与外层隔声结构之间有50mm以上的间隙，顶部通风机与通风消声管道的连接均为软连接，这样，可以避免形成声桥。隔振器选用自身固有频率在10Hz以下的，消除通过大楼结构传递的低频固体传声。The animal noise stimulation box of the present invention has a double-layer structure, and the bottom between the inner and outer layers is placed on a vibration isolator to form a floating structure to eliminate low-frequency solid sound transmission through the building structure. There is a gap of more than 50mm between the inner layer sound insulation structure of the described noise stimulation box and the outer layer sound insulation structure, and the connections between the top ventilator and the ventilation and noise reduction pipeline are soft connections, so that the formation of sound bridges can be avoided. The vibration isolator is selected with its own natural frequency below 10Hz to eliminate the low-frequency solid-borne sound transmitted through the building structure.
所述的噪声刺激箱四壁结构为双层100mm钢结构隔声吸声层，该结构有60-70dB(A)的隔声量。The four-wall structure of the noise stimulation box is a double-layer 100mm steel structure sound insulation and sound absorption layer, and the structure has a sound insulation of 60-70dB(A).
所述的噪声刺激箱的内外层均有隔声门，两道隔声门设计成“声闸”式双层密封结构，这样的结构两道门有60-70dB(A)的隔声量。The inner and outer layers of the noise stimulation box all have sound insulation doors, and the two sound insulation doors are designed as a "sound brake" type double-layer sealing structure. The two doors of such a structure have a sound insulation of 60-70dB (A).
两道门上均开有隔声观察窗，每到观察窗均为采用真空隔音窗技术，这样的结构有60-70dB(A)的隔声量。There are sound insulation observation windows on the two doors, and each observation window adopts vacuum sound insulation window technology. This structure has a sound insulation of 60-70dB(A).
有关通风的设计，需在所述的噪声刺激箱的顶部和侧面的对角位置，分别加装消声风道和通风机，以消除空气动力性噪声及机械噪声，通风机与消声风道的连接处，均需软连接，以消除振动引起的二次噪声。所述的噪声刺激箱进出风口风速一般控制在1.0m/s以下。Regarding the design of ventilation, it is necessary to install a noise reduction air duct and a fan at the diagonal positions on the top and side of the noise stimulation box to eliminate aerodynamic noise and mechanical noise. All connections must be softly connected to eliminate secondary noise caused by vibration. The wind speed at the air inlet and outlet of the noise stimulation box is generally controlled below 1.0m/s.
(1)通风消声设计(1) Ventilation and noise reduction design
通风消声采用阻抗消声器，其消声量可按如下公式进行计算：The ventilation muffler adopts the impedance muffler, and its muffler can be calculated according to the following formula:
ΔL＝Φ(α)·C·h/SΔL=Φ(α)·C·h/S
式中：Φ(α)-高效阻性消声片的消声系数(与所用的材料有关)；In the formula: Φ(α) - the noise reduction coefficient of the high-efficiency resistive noise reduction sheet (related to the material used);
C，S-分别是消声通道的周长和截面面积；C, S- are the perimeter and cross-sectional area of the anechoic channel, respectively;
h-消声通道的有效消声长度。h - the effective anechoic length of the anechoic channel.
风管与主机连接前部加装有消音器；设备基础及管道联接均做隔震处理。A muffler is installed in front of the connection between the air pipe and the main engine; the equipment foundation and the pipe connection are all subjected to shock isolation treatment.
同时配合隔音工程在进出风口做相应的消声降噪处理；At the same time, cooperate with the sound insulation project to do corresponding noise reduction and noise reduction treatment at the air inlet and outlet;
(2)通风风速的设计(2) Design of ventilation speed
风速大小是决定风力再生噪声(消声器失效)的重要原因，为了控制风力再生噪声，必须把风速控制在一定范围内，在本工程中，风速不得超过1.0m/s。Wind speed is an important factor determining wind regeneration noise (muffler failure). In order to control wind regeneration noise, the wind speed must be controlled within a certain range. In this project, the wind speed must not exceed 1.0m/s.
隔声构件应在较宽的频率范围内，有较高的隔声量。多数隔声构件都希望是质轻、隔声量高的构件。若用钢结构隔声板，高频声容易隔掉，而中低频声难隔，故需要与吸声等措施相结合，提高其隔声能力。我们采取的是复合钢隔音结构，所述的噪声刺激箱的侧壁和顶底面均为钢板做成的空腔，钢板里外静电喷涂，在空腔中填冲多孔性纤维吸声材料，其平均吸声系数大于0.50。各构件连接处密闭不漏声，拼缝处有密封条。同时满足所述的噪声刺激箱的防火、防潮、防腐蚀等特殊要求。The sound insulation components should have high sound insulation in a wide frequency range. Most sound insulation components are expected to be light weight and high sound insulation components. If a steel structure sound insulation board is used, high-frequency sound is easy to isolate, but middle and low-frequency sound is difficult to isolate, so it needs to be combined with sound absorption and other measures to improve its sound insulation ability. We adopt a composite steel sound insulation structure. The side walls and top and bottom surfaces of the noise stimulation box are cavities made of steel plates. The inside and outside of the steel plates are electrostatically sprayed, and porous fiber sound-absorbing materials are filled in the cavities. The average sound absorption coefficient is greater than 0.50. The joints of each component are airtight without sound leakage, and there are sealing strips at the joints. At the same time, it meets the special requirements of the noise stimulation box, such as fire prevention, moisture resistance and corrosion resistance.
主要材料采用冷轧钢板、镀锌钢板、阻尼板、隔音棉、穿孔吸音板等材料。The main materials are cold-rolled steel plate, galvanized steel plate, damping plate, sound insulation cotton, perforated sound-absorbing plate and other materials.
60dB的优质隔声效果给了动物实验纯净的无干扰声刺激的给声环境，最大限度的保证信号发生器的信号输出，最大程度的满足了对规范声刺激模型的建立，为动物实验数据的可靠性，有效性提供了环境基础。The high-quality sound insulation effect of 60dB provides a pure and non-interfering sound environment for animal experiments, ensures the signal output of the signal generator to the greatest extent, and satisfies the establishment of standardized acoustic stimulation models to the greatest extent. Reliability, availability provides the basis for the environment.
所述的噪声刺激箱总高度为1400mm，非常适宜安置在操作台面或桌面上，方便操作人员观察。所述的噪声刺激箱分上下部分，上部为大功率音箱，内置四只扬声器。下部为动物试验空间，箱体内壁两侧设有给音传感器，视频摄像头。除了方便操作人员观察外，摄像头的设置更满足了操作人员对动物行为的实时观察。另外，所述的噪声刺激箱的所有调节均可以通过电脑操作，方便，快捷，精确。The total height of the noise stimulation box is 1400mm, which is very suitable to be placed on the operating table or desktop, which is convenient for operators to observe. The noise stimulation box is divided into upper and lower parts, and the upper part is a high-power sound box with four built-in speakers. The lower part is the animal test space, and there are sound sensors and video cameras on both sides of the inner wall of the box. In addition to being convenient for the operator to observe, the setting of the camera satisfies the operator's real-time observation of animal behavior. In addition, all the adjustments of the noise stimulation box can be operated by a computer, which is convenient, fast and accurate.
高隔声量的所述的噪声刺激箱环境，加上高性能的信号发生器，为动物模型的建立提供可靠的保证，计算机的精准操作，让数据更加科学，可靠，大大增加了动物模型建造的可重复性。The environment of the noise stimulation box with high sound insulation, coupled with the high-performance signal generator, provides a reliable guarantee for the establishment of animal models. The precise operation of the computer makes the data more scientific and reliable, which greatly increases the cost of animal model construction. repeatability.
本发明通过高隔声量的所述的噪声刺激箱给声环境，高性能的信号发生器，精准的计算机操作，清晰的数码视频传输，满足了操作人员的实时调控，实时观察，实时记录，实时分析，大大提高了工作效率。The present invention provides the acoustic environment through the noise stimulation box with high sound insulation, high-performance signal generator, precise computer operation, and clear digital video transmission, which satisfies the real-time control, real-time observation, real-time recording and real-time operation of operators. analysis, greatly improving work efficiency.
所述的噪声刺激箱净尺寸800mm(宽)×1200mm(高)×500mm(深)。所述的噪声刺激箱中，上下部的划分明确了其部位功能，有足够空间进行扩展。通过计算机的整合，为今后的扩展提供无尽可能。The net size of the noise stimulation box is 800mm (width)×1200mm (height)×500mm (depth). In the noise stimulation box, the division of the upper and lower parts clearly defines the functions of its parts, and there is enough space for expansion. Through the integration of computers, it provides unlimited possibilities for future expansion.
本发明的噪声刺激箱的结构包括：The structure of noise stimulation box of the present invention comprises:
1、上部位大功率音箱，内置四只扬声器(功率大于100瓦，阻抗8欧，灵敏度120db)。1. High-power speakers on the upper part, with four built-in speakers (power greater than 100 watts, impedance 8 ohms, sensitivity 120db).
2、下部为动物试验空间，箱体内壁两侧设有拾音传感器，视频摄像头。2. The lower part is the animal test space. There are sound pickup sensors and video cameras on both sides of the inner wall of the box.
3、箱体壁厚25CM，内填隔音材料，内外声强差应大于60分贝。3. The wall thickness of the box is 25CM, filled with sound-proof materials, and the difference in sound intensity between inside and outside should be greater than 60 decibels.
4、实验箱的通气管道应隐蔽曲折，声音泄漏至最少。4. The ventilation pipe of the test box should be concealed and tortuous, and the sound leakage should be minimized.
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