The preparation method of the thermoelectric coated material of a kind of lead telluride base
Technical field
The invention belongs to the thermoelectric material field, be specifically related to the preparation method of the thermoelectric coated material of a kind of lead telluride base.
Background technology:
Thermoelectric material is a kind of functional materials that utilizes thermoelectric effect (also being the Peltier Seebeck effect) directly heat deflection to be become electricity or conversely electricity is changed into the temperature difference.Thermoelectric material can be changed electric energy and heat energy mutually, can be used for thermoelectricity and magneto-electric functional material, is the important materials of preparation solid-state electric refrigeration device, thermoelectric power generation device and magnetoelectricity device.The index that characterizes pyroelectric material performance is material " figure of merit " (figure of merit)
Z, it is defined as:
Z=
α 2 σ/κ, wherein:
αBe the Seebeck coefficient,
σBe specific conductivity,
κBe thermal conductivity, the figure of merit of thermoelectric material can be divided into two portions: power factor (power factor)
α 2 σThe electrical property of reflection material, thermal conductivity
κThe heat conductivility of reflection material.
Thermoelectric material has oxide type and alloy-type, wherein metal oxide has high thermostability and chemical stability, can in high temperature and oxygen atmosphere, use, and most of oxide compounds are all nontoxic, pollution-free, environmental friendliness, it is a kind of environmentally friendly thermoelectric material with broad prospect of application, the advantage of oxide type thermoelectric material is that the environment for use temperature is high, can under the 500-1100K environment, use, shortcoming is poorly conductive, so that figure of merit is lower, and conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is not high yet, and 6 %~11% is only arranged, and oxide type thermoelectric material commonly used has (Zn
1-xAl
x) O, (Zn
1-yMg
y)
1-xAlO, (Ca
1-xBi
x) MnO
3CdIn
2-xSn
xO
4, Cd
2SnO
3, Cd
2Sn
1-xSb
xO
4, In
2Te
1-xRe
xO
4, NaCo
2O
4And CuAlO
2Alloy or intermetallic compound electric material hot in nature has: β-Zn
4Sb
3, Β-FeSi, Mg
2Si
,Bi
1-xSb
x, Bi
2Te
3, Sb
2Te
3And (Bi
1-xSb
x)
2Te
3, Bi
2Se
3And Bi
2Te
3-ySe
y, PbSe and PbSe
1-xTe
x, CoSb
3With SiGe etc., its great advantage is that the good conductivity figure of merit is high, thermoelectric conversion efficiency is also higher, reach 10%~15%, but can not in the stronger environment of very high temperature and oxidisability, use, its suitable temperature is 300-500K, and a remarkable defective of intermetallic compound is that thermal conductivity is higher, and general displacement or the multi-element alloyed method of adopting reduces its thermal conductivity.
PbTe is a kind of preferably thermoelectric material, have the NaCl crystalline structure and be widely used in the interior traditional hot electric material of mesophilic range, its use temperature can reach 673K, 15%~21%, but figure of merit is not high, and other elements that therefore often need to mix are filled, the atom of filling is less, quality is larger, the scattering effect that they produce is just larger, more unordered, and the reduction of lattice thermal conductivity is just more obvious, just can improve figure of merit.The PbTe that for example mixes behind Ag and the Sb is its derivative AgPb
mSbTe
2+mAnd AgSbTe
2The sosoloid that forms, AgPb
18SbTe
20The ZT value of block materials when 800K reaches 2.2, and this is because Ag
+, Sb
3+Replaced the Pb in the lattice
2+, so that there is the nanocrystalline zone of rich Ag-Sb in the lattice distorted in the PbTe lattice, the quantum dot of formation can effectively reduce lattice thermal conductivity, thereby improves the ZT value.
The method for preparing at present PbTe has alloying, solid-phase synthesis, magnetron sputtering method and physical vaporous deposition, the PbTe of front two kinds of methods preparation adopts Bridgman sintering or mechanical alloy to be combined to after both components in certain proportion are mixed, and causes uneven components when reaction is incomplete; It is very low that rear two kinds of magnetron sputtering methods and physical vaporous deposition are produced recoating efficiency, and coating performance descends.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem that prior art exists, the preparation method of the thermoelectric coated material of a kind of lead telluride base is provided, purpose is by adopting electrodip process to add tellurium dioxide, lead nitrate and thallous nitrate TlNO in nitric acid or sodium hydroxide solution
3Preparation lead telluride and the thermoelectric coated material of PbTe base that contains hotchpotch.
The technical scheme of realization the object of the invention is carried out according to following steps:
Take graphite as anode, take Cu, Ni, Al, Au, Ag or graphite as negative electrode, in being 25-65 ℃ electrolyte solution, temperature carries out galvanic deposit 3-8h, obtain PbTe or the thermoelectric coating of PbTeTl in the cathode surface deposition;
When described electrolyte solution chemical ingredients is TeO
20.01-0.06mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
2: 0.01-0.05 mol/L, HNO
30.1-0.4 during mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.01-0.04A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTe;
When described electrolyte solution chemical ingredients is TeO
20.01-0.06mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.01-0.05mol/L, during NaOH0.1-0.3mol/L, control cathode current density 0.016-0.04A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTe;
When described electrolyte solution chemical ingredients is TeO
20.01-0.06mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.01-0.05mol/L, HNO
30.1-0.4mol/L, TlNO
30.01-0.05mol/L, or TeO
20.01-0.06 mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.01-0.05 mol/L, NaOH0.1-0.3 mol/L, TlNO
30.01-0.05 during mol/L, control cathode current density 0.015-0.06A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTeTl.
Compared with prior art, characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
The inventive method both can be selected acidic electrolyte solution on the electrolyte solution composition, can select alkaline electrolyte solution again, the TeO in the electrolyte solution composition
2Be intermediate oxide, both can in acidic conditions, dissolved also and can in alkaline condition, dissolve that the product that dissolves is also different in acid and alkalescence, pass through to control corresponding NaOH and HNO in the inventive method
3Concentration makes in the certain acidity scope and can make TeO
2When effectively dissolving, the sedimentation potential and the acidity control that guarantee PbTe are containing the Te ion and are containing in current potential-acidity (E-pH) scope of Pb ion codeposition, higher acidity can only deposit Pb, cross low acid concentration, can only deposit Te or other products, can not get expecting product P bTe, thereby, by calculating and make pH-Electric Potential Graph
Draw and to make acidity and the current potential that contains the Te ion and contain Pb ion codeposition, thereby the optimal components of determining electrolyte solution is chosen.
Electro-deposition method efficient of the present invention is high, can access that thickness is controlled, the PbTe of homogeneous chemical composition and the PbTe base thermoelectricity material that contains hotchpotch, the way of crossing the current potential of controlling galvanic deposit or current density reaches two or more metal and jointly deposits, and forming PbTe or PbTeTl coating, the method cost is low, efficient is high, workable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the photomacrograph of the PbTe coating of the embodiment of the invention 1 preparation;
Fig. 2 is the TEM figure of the PbTe coating of the embodiment of the invention 1 preparation.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment content of the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment 1
Take graphite as anode, take Cu as negative electrode, be 25 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.01mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.03 mol/L, HNO
30.2 carry out galvanic deposit 8h in the electrolyte solution of mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.04A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTe in cathode surface deposition, its photomacrograph as shown in Figure 1, as can be seen from Figure 1, coatingsurface is smooth evenly, its TEM figure as shown in Figure 2, as can be seen from the figure PbTe uniform particles.
Embodiment 2
Take graphite as anode, take Ni as negative electrode, be 50 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.03mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.01 mol/L, HNO
30.4 carry out galvanic deposit 5h in the electrolyte solution of mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.02A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTe in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 3
Take graphite as anode, take Al as negative electrode, be 65 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.06mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.05 mol/L, HNO
30.1 carry out galvanic deposit 3h in the electrolyte solution of mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.01A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTe in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 4
Take graphite as anode, take Au as negative electrode, be 45 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.01mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.04mol/L, HNO
30.3mol/L, TlNO
30.02mol/L electrolyte solution in carry out galvanic deposit 5h, the control cathode current density is 0.03A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTeTl in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 5
Take graphite as anode, take Ag as negative electrode, be 25 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.05mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.05mol/L, HNO
30.1mol/L, TlNO
30.05mol/L electrolyte solution in carry out galvanic deposit 8h, the control cathode current density is 0.015A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTeTl in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 6
Take graphite as anode, take graphite as negative electrode, be 65 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.06mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.01mol/L, HNO
30.4mol/L, TlNO
30.01mol/L electrolyte solution in carry out galvanic deposit 3h, the control cathode current density is 0.06A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTeTl in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 7
Take graphite as anode, take Au as negative electrode, be 30 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.01 mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.01mol/L, NaOH 0.3 mol/L, TlNO
30.05 carry out galvanic deposit 4h in the electrolyte solution of mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.06A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTeTl in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 8
Take graphite as anode, take Cu as negative electrode, be 25 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.06 mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.05 mol/L, NaOH0.1 mol/L, TlNO
30.03 carry out galvanic deposit 3h in the electrolyte solution of mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.015A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTeTl in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 9
Take graphite as anode, take Ag as negative electrode, be 50 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.04 mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.02mol/L, NaOH0.2 mol/L, TlNO
30.01 carry out galvanic deposit 8h in the electrolyte solution of mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.02A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTeTl in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 10
Take graphite as anode, take Ag as negative electrode, be 30 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.06mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.01mol/L, carry out galvanic deposit 3.5h in the electrolyte solution of NaOH0.1mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.016A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTe in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 11
Take graphite as anode, take Ni as negative electrode, be 50 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.01mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.05mol/L, carry out galvanic deposit 3.5h in the electrolyte solution of NaOH0.3mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.04A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTe in the cathode surface deposition.
Embodiment 12
Take graphite as anode, take Au as negative electrode, be 70 ℃ in temperature, composition is TeO
20.05mol/L, Pb (NO
3)
20.02mol/L, carry out galvanic deposit 3h in the electrolyte solution of NaOH0.2mol/L, the control cathode current density is 0.025A/cm
2, obtain the thermoelectric coating of PbTe in the cathode surface deposition.