CN102980424A - Channel system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a channel system for optimizing the relation between pressure drop and heat, moisture and/or mass transfer of a fluid flowing through the system, the channel system comprising at least one channel with at least one channel wall and at least one flow director with a predetermined height, the flow director extending transversely to the channel in the direction of fluid flow, the flow director comprising an upstream portion, a downstream portion and an intermediate portion between the upstream and downstream portions, the upstream portion deviating from the channel wall into the channel in the direction of fluid flow, the downstream portion returning towards the channel wall in the direction of fluid flow, the transition between the intermediate portion and the downstream portion following a predetermined radius ₃) Curved, wherein the transition between the channel wall of the channel and the upstream portion of the flow director follows a predetermined radius (R)₁) Curved, wherein the radius (R) of the transition between the channel wall and the upstream part of the channel₁) From 0.1 x predetermined height of the deflector to 2 x predetermined height of the deflector.

Description

channel system

This application is a divisional application of a Chinese patent application with an application date of April 18, 2008, an application number of 200880128696.9, and a title of "channel system".

technical field

The invention relates to a channel system for optimizing the relationship between the pressure drop and the heat, moisture and/or mass transfer of a fluid flowing through the channel system, the channel system comprising at least one channel wall At least one channel and at least one flow director (flow director) having a predetermined height, the flow director extends transversely to the channel in the direction of fluid flow, the flow director includes an upstream portion, a downstream portion, and a flow director located at the an intermediate portion between the upstream portion and the downstream portion, the upstream portion deviates from the channel wall toward the interior of the channel in the fluid flow direction, and the downstream portion deviates from the channel wall in the fluid flow direction Returning towards the channel wall, wherein a transition between the intermediate portion and the downstream portion is curved according to a predetermined radius.

Background technique

A heat exchanger/catalytic converter is generally a channel system having a body formed with a large number of side-by-side small channels through which, for example, the fluid or fluid mixture to be converted flows. Such channel systems are made of different materials, such as ceramic materials or metals such as stainless steel or aluminium.

The channel cross-section of channel systems made of ceramic materials is usually rectangular or polygonal, such as hexagonal. The channel system is made by extrusion, which means that the cross section of the channel is the same along the entire length of the channel and the channel walls will be smooth and flat.

In the manufacture of metal channel bodies, corrugated strip and flat strip are usually wound on a spool. This results in a channel cross-section that is triangular or trapezoidal. Most of the metal channel systems available on the market are uniform in cross-section along the entire length and have the same smooth and uniform channel walls as the ceramic channel body. Both types of channel systems can be coated, for example, with catalytically active materials in catalytic converters.

The most important thing in the working environment is the heat, moisture and/or mass transfer between the fluid or fluid mixture flowing through the channel in the channel system and the channel wall.

In channel systems of the type described above, such as those used in vehicles or internal combustion engines in industry, with relatively small channel cross-sections and relatively small fluid velocities typically used in these environments, the fluid travels along the channel in a relatively regular manner. ) layer flow. Thus, the flow is laminar in nature. Only for a short distance along the entrance of the channel, some flow transverse to the channel wall occurs.

As is known in the art, a boundary layer is formed where the laminar fluid flow is adjacent to the channel walls, where the velocity is essentially zero. First, in what is considered a fully developed flow, where heat, moisture and/or mass transfer occurs primarily by relatively slow diffusion, the boundary layer significantly reduces the mass transfer coefficient. The mass transfer coefficient is a measure of the rate of mass transfer, and for efficient heat exchange and/or catalytic conversion, the mass transfer coefficient should be large. To increase the mass transfer coefficient, the fluid must flow towards the surface on the channel side, which reduces the boundary layer and increases fluid transfer from one layer to another. This can be achieved through so-called turbulent flow. In a smooth and uniform channel, laminar flow becomes turbulent when the Reynolds number reaches values above about 2000. Achieving Reynolds numbers of this magnitude in the channels of the channel systems involved here requires fluid velocities that are much greater than normal in such operating environments. Therefore, in the above-mentioned low Reynolds number channel system, artificial means are needed to create turbulent flow, such as setting special deflectors in the channel.

US 4152302 discloses a catalytic converter with channels in which the deflectors are arranged in the form of transverse metal wings punched from a metal strip. Catalytic converters with flow deflectors significantly increase heat, moisture and/or mass transfer. However, the pressure drop also increases dramatically at the same time. Furthermore, it has been found that the effect of increased pressure drop is greater than the effect of said increased heat, moisture and/or mass transfer. Here, the pressure drop depends on the configuration, size and geometry of the deflector. However, deflectors of said type are known to produce excessive pressure drops and are therefore not widely used commercially.

EP 0869844 discloses turbulence generators which extend transversely to the conduit of a catalytic converter or heat/moisture converter in order to obtain an improved ratio of pressure drop to heat, moisture and/or mass transfer.

WO 2007/078240 discloses a flow converter which extends transversely to the channel. However, manufacturers of such systems always want to further increase the ratio of pressure drop to heat, moisture and/or mass transfer.

Contents of the invention

The object of the invention is a channel system in which the ratio of pressure drop to heat, moisture and/or mass transfer can be further improved.

The above objects are achieved by a channel system having the features defined in the appended claims.

The channel system of the present invention is used to optimize the relationship between the pressure drop and the heat, moisture and/or mass transfer of the fluid flowing through the system, the channel system includes at least one channel with at least one channel wall and at least one channel with a predetermined height a deflector. The deflector extends in the direction of fluid flow and transverse to the channel. In addition, the deflector includes an upstream portion, a downstream portion, and an intermediate portion between the upstream portion and the downstream portion. The upstream portion deviates from the channel wall towards the interior of the channel in the direction of fluid flow, and the downstream portion returns in the direction of fluid flow towards the channel wall, wherein the transition between the intermediate portion and the downstream portion is curved according to a predetermined radius. The curved transition between the middle and downstream portions reduces the pressure drop and thus further increases the ratio between the pressure drop and the heat, moisture and/or mass transfer of the fluid flowing through the channel system. The reduction in pressure drop results in an increased fluid flow rate through the channel system and a reduction in the electrical power required by the system. This works in conjunction with increased or unchanged heat, moisture and/or mass transfer rates to make the system more efficient. Also, when plating is required, a curved surface is more advantageous because the plating adheres to the lower surface is increased and plating is likely to be more uniform across the via. And there are fewer sparks/burrs during plating. A spark/burr could be a buildup of material at a point such as a sharp edge. The deposits are thicker than the rest of the plating and may be dislodged when used at high temperatures and through vibration. Also, sparks actually increase the pressure drop. Not only does a smoother surface reduce pressure drop, it also means less precious metals are used. A smooth surface also reduces production costs, since production costs depend on the amount of precious metal used.

The quality of the system is improved by directing the fluid to reduce pressure drop but increase heat, moisture and/or mass transfer, thus creating fluid eddies (ie, controlled turbulent motion) due to the expansion of the cross-section. Turbulent motion is necessary for increased heat, moisture and/or mass transfer. Preferably, the radius of the first transition between the intermediate portion and the downstream portion is 0.1*h ₁ -2.1*h ₁ , preferably 0.35*h ₁ -2.1*h ₁ , and more preferably 0.35*h ₁ -1.1 *h ₁ .

Suitably, the height of the deflector is 0.35 times the height of the channel measured in a direction similar to the first height. This height is necessary to have an effect on the bulk of the fluid flowing through the channel in order to mix the fluid flow layers and create turbulence that increases heat, moisture and/or mass transfer.

The intermediate portion of the deflector may include a planar portion substantially parallel to one of the channel walls of the channel. The planar portion can be used to direct fluid in a direction parallel to the channel. This increases the fluid velocity parallel to the channel direction. In order to be able to manufacture the deflector, planar sections may also be required. Advantageously, in the direction of fluid flow, the planar portion has a length of 0-2*H, preferably 0-2*h ₁ , and more preferably 0-1*h ₁ .

Preferably, the transition between the downstream portion and the channel wall is curved according to a predetermined radius. The radius of the transition between the downstream portion and the channel wall is 0.5*h ₁ -1.7*h ₁ . The purpose of this radius is to prevent a second vortex after the deflector. This unwanted second vortex may increase pressure drop without increasing heat, moisture and/or mass transfer. Thus, the ratio of pressure drop to heat, moisture and/or mass transfer can be increased by avoiding such vortices. In this way, the pressure drop is further reduced, thereby increasing the efficiency of the channel system. In addition, this smooth transition prevents sparks/burrs from being generated during the spraying process, so this transition has the same advantages as the above-mentioned transition between the midstream and downstream portions with respect to sparks/burrs.

Preferably, the third transition between the upstream portion and the intermediate portion is curved according to a predetermined radius. This is for smoothly guiding the fluid in a direction parallel to one side of the passage after the fluid flows through the upstream portion. Smooth booting further reduces pressure drop. The radius of the transition between the upstream portion and the intermediate portion may be 0.2*h ₁ -0.5*h ₁ . Additionally, this smooth transition prevents sparks/burrs during spraying. Thus, this transition has the same advantages as the transition between the midstream and downstream portions described above, as far as sparks/burrs are concerned. Alternatively, the radius of the transition between the upstream portion and the intermediate portion may be equal to the radius of the transition between the intermediate portion and the downstream portion. Equal radii are advantageous for applications where fluid may flow in a direction opposite to that described above.

Advantageously, the transition provided between the channel wall of the channel and the upstream portion of the deflector is curved according to a predetermined radius. This is to smoothly direct laminar fluid flow in a direction transverse to the channel, which increases fluid velocity due to the reduced cross-sectional area. Additionally, this smooth transition prevents sparks/burrs during spraying. Thus, this transition has the same advantages as the transition between the midstream and downstream portions described above, as far as sparks/burrs are concerned. Preferably, the transition radius between the channel wall of the channel system and the upstream part may be 0.2*h ₁ -0.5*h ₁ .

Suitably, the planar portion of the upstream portion has a first angle of inclination with respect to the plane of the channel wall from which said upstream portion deviates. This is to direct the flow in a direction that is not parallel to the channel, which can create turbulence for increased heat, moisture and/or mass transfer. The first inclination angle may be 10°-60°, and more preferably 30°-50°.

Preferably, the planar portion of the downstream portion has a second angle of inclination relative to the plane of the channel wall to which the downstream portion returns. This is to increase swirl, ie the controlled turbulent motion of the fluid due to divergent cross-sections. This turbulent motion is necessary to increase heat, moisture and/or mass transfer rates. Preferably, the second inclination angle is 50°-90°, more preferably 60±10°.

Suitably, the channel has a first cross-sectional area A ₁ at the deflector, a second cross-sectional area A ₂ , wherein the ratio of A ₁ to A 2 , ie A ₁ / _{A 2 ,} is greater than 1.5, preferably greater than 2.5 , more preferably, greater than 3. The size of the ratio A ₁ /A ₂ is very important to obtain the required flow velocity in the channel for producing the desired turbulent motion, so this ratio A ₁ /A ₂ is also important for increasing heat, moisture and/or mass transfer. Very important.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the intermediate portion is still on the inner side of the channel wall from which the upstream portion deviates. This is to further reduce pressure drop.

The channel may comprise at least one flow director that is mirror-inverted relative to said flow director. Such mirror-inverted flow directors increase heat, moisture and/or mass transfer throughout the system when several channels are placed together.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross-section of the channel system may be top-shaped, and preferably triangular. This shape is preferred from a manufacturing point of view. In particular, an equilateral triangular cross-section minimizes frictional losses along the channel walls with respect to unit area, and this gives a maximum flow rate per unit area. Therefore, an equilateral triangular cross-section is preferred for increased heat, moisture and/or mass transfer.

Generally, unless otherwise defined herein, all terms used in the claims can be interpreted according to the ordinary meaning in the technical field. All references herein to "a/the [element, means, part, means, step, etc.]" should be openly understood as at least one instance of the element, means, part, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated , any steps disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be explained in detail by the following detailed disclosure, appended claims and accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following description of preferred embodiments of the present invention and non-limiting detailed description. Here, the same reference numerals are used for similar elements.

Fig. 1 illustrates the perspective view of reel (roll) of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a partially open perspective view of the channel system according to the present invention;

Figure 3 is a cross-section of a channel in an alternative embodiment;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the tops of two passages in Fig. 2 stacked together;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the channel in Figure 2 viewed from one end of the channel;

Figure 6 exemplifies a layer having channels in the direction of the channel length.

Detailed ways

In order to exemplify the current preferred embodiment, the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to schematic diagrams.

Figure 1 illustrates a reel 1 with a channel system 2 according to the invention. The drum 1 may be used for a catalytic converter in a heat exchanger such as a rotary heat exchanger, an air-cooled nuclear reactor, a gas turbine blade cooler or any other suitable device.

The corrugated strip 13 making up the channel 4 (see FIG. 6 ) is rolled up with at least one flat strip 14 to form a cylinder of the required diameter which constitutes the actual core of the channel system 2 in the reel 1 . The serrations 15 in the corrugated belt 13 and the substantially planar flat belt 14 prevent the formed roll from collapsing. That is, the corrugated belt 13 and the flat belt 14 prevent the different layers of said belts 12 and 13 from being misaligned with each other. Furthermore, the casing 3 surrounds the channel system 2, holding the channel system 2 together and enabling its fastening in adjacent structures.

Alternatively, a large number of corrugated strips 13 and flat strips 14 are arranged in layers by turns to form channels 4 (see FIG. 6 ). This arrangement is suitable, for example, for plate heat exchangers.

FIG. 2 shows a partially open perspective view of a channel 4 with a first deflector 7 and a second deflector 8 mirror-inverted with respect to the first deflector 7 . However, there are more than one deflector 7 and 8 each distributed along the entire length of the channel 4 . The installation of different types of deflectors is not only replaceable, as shown in Figure 2, but also arbitrary. Alternatively, only one of the two types of deflectors may be used. In this case, too, the deflectors are distributed along the entire length of the channel 4 . The deflectors 7 and 8 can guide the fluid flowing in through the inlet 5 in a predetermined direction.

Channel 4 is a channel of small size, ie the typical height of the channel is less than 4mm. Preferably, as shown in Fig. 3, the height H of the channel is 1mm-3.5mm. The channel walls 6a, 6b and 6c of the channel system 4 form an equilateral triangle in cross-section, which channel walls 6a, 6b and 6c may be smaller than 5 mm. However, the shape of the cross-section is not limited to an equilateral triangle, it can be any shape suitable for the application. The number of channel walls is not limited to three; it can be any suitable number. Furthermore, the channel walls 6a, 6b and 6c surround the channels 4 in the direction of fluid flow, with the result that fluid may not flow from one channel 4 to the other. On the other hand, the invention is not limited to channels surrounded by channel walls; the channel walls 6 can also partially enclose the channels 4, so that fluid can flow from one channel 4 to the other.

The length of channel 4 can vary depending on the application. For example, for a catalytic converter, the length of the channel 4 may be 150-200 mm, and for a heat exchanger, the length of the channel 4 may be 150-250 mm. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned lengths. Also, any number of channel systems 2 may be arranged in succession in order to form a system of desired length.

In addition, the axial direction of the channel 4 can be any direction. That is, the present invention is not limited to horizontal channels.

The first deflector 7 is mounted on one channel wall 6a of the channel 4, so that the flow (arrows) flowing from the inlet 5 is directed towards the other two channel sides 6b, 6c. On the opposite side of the first deflector 7 is a protrusion 12 . Heat, moisture and/or mass transfer and Optimal relationship between pressure drops.

After the fluid has passed the inlet 5, the fluid flow has inlet turbulence. This turbulence decreases as the fluid flows through the channel, so that a laminar fluid flow with constant velocity is formed in the channel 4 . As the fluid approaches the first fluid controller 7, the velocity increases locally due to the reduced cross-section. After flowing through the fluid controller 7 a vortex, ie a controlled turbulent movement of the fluid, is created due to the enlarged cross-section and increased velocity. The deflector 7 affects the main part of the fluid flowing through the channel 4, causing flow layer mixing of the fluid. This turbulent motion is necessary to increase heat, moisture and/or mass transfer rates.

In Fig. 3, deflectors 7a, 7b of the same type are installed adjacently. The deflector 7 extends inwards into the channel 4 and has an upstream portion 9 , an intermediate portion 10 and a downstream portion 11 . The deflectors 7a and 7b have a height _hi . The first deflector 7a is installed at a distance A from the inlet 5 . The optimal installation position of the first deflector 7a depends on the current operating environment.

The upstream portion 9 comprises a planar portion 21 having a predetermined first inclination angle α ₁ with respect to the plane of the channel wall 6a, the planar portion 21 being offset in the direction of fluid flow by the predetermined first inclination angle α ₁ . The first angle of inclination _α1 is defined as the angle between the plane where the channel wall 6a is located and the extension plane of the plane part 21 relative to the plane where the channel wall 6a is located, and the angle is located between the plane where the plane part 21 is located and the plane where the channel wall 6a is located Downstream on the intersection. The first angle of inclination α ₁ is also defined as angle α ₁ in FIG. 3 . In addition, the first inclination angle _α1 is 10°-60°, and preferably 30°-50°.

The slope of the upstream portion 9 increases fluid velocity and directs the fluid towards other surfaces, thus activating controlled turbulent motion to increase heat, moisture and/or mass transfer.

The intermediate section 10 is mounted between the upstream section 9 and the downstream section 11 . The intermediate portion 10 is still inside the channel 6 from which the upstream portion 9 extends. Alternatively, the intermediate portion 10 may be inside and outside the channel wall 6 .

A curved transition 19 with a predetermined radius R ₂ is fitted between the intermediate portion 10 and the upstream portion 9 . The radius R ₂ of the transition 19 between the intermediate portion 10 and the upstream portion 9 is 0.1-2 times the height of the deflector 7 , ie 0.1*h ₁ -2*h ₁ . This is to smoothly guide the fluid flow in a direction parallel to one side of the channel after the fluid flow passes through the upstream portion. For the embodiment with the smallest preferred channel height H, the radius _R2 is equal to 0.04-1.08 mm. For the embodiment with the maximum preferred high degree of channeling H, the radius R ₂ is equal to 0.14-4.31 mm.

The intermediate part 10 comprises a planar part 16 parallel to one channel wall 6 a of the channel 4 and relatively short in length relative to the upstream part 9 and the downstream part 11 . Also, the maximum height h ₁ of the deflector 7 relative to the channel wall 6 is on the plane part 16 above the middle part 10 , and the deflector 7 extends from the channel wall 6 . The height h ₁ is preferably 0.35 times the height H of the channel 4 . For the embodiment with the smallest preferred channel height H, this height _hi is equal to 0.35-0.54 mm. For the embodiment with the largest preferred channel height H, this height h ₁ is equal to 1.40-2.15 mm. The planar portion 16 can be produced for manufacturing reasons, however, this planar portion 16 is also in the direction of the channel 4 after the fluid is guided by the upstream portion 9 to the opposite channel walls 6b and 6c (i.e. parallel to the channel walls 6a, 6b of the channel 4). and 6c directions) to aid in directing the fluid. The length of the flat portion 16 in the direction of fluid flow may be 0-2*H, preferably 0-2.0h ₁ , and more preferably 0-1.0h ₁ . The planar portion 16 of the intermediate portion 10 may be inclined relative to the channel wall 6a from which the upstream portion 9 extends, rather than being parallel to the channel wall 6 . In the direction of fluid flow, this inclination can be both inside the channel 4 and towards the channel wall 6a. In another embodiment, the intermediate portion 10 may have a slightly curved profile, eg convex. The transitions 17, 19 do not have to be curved in the direction to be directed.

The downstream portion 11 of the deflector 7 comprises a planar portion 22 which, in the direction of fluid flow, returns to the channel wall 6a at a predetermined second angle of inclination _α2 relative to the plane of the channel wall 6a. The second inclination angle α ₂ is defined as the angle between the plane where the passage wall 6a is located and the plane portion 22 to the extension plane of the plane where the passage wall 6a is located, and this angle is located at the intersection of the plane where the plane portion 22 is extended and the plane where the passage wall 6a is located upstream. The second inclination angle α ₂ may also be defined as angle α ₂ in FIG. 3 . In addition, the second inclination angle _α2 is 50°-90°, preferably 60±10°. Preferably, the planar portion 22 is short enough so that the downstream portion 11 can return to the channel wall 6a in a smooth transition 18, which preferably has a large radius _R4 . Due to the enlarged cross-section, the planar portion 22 allows a controlled turbulent movement of the fluid which will optimize the ratio between heat, moisture and/or mass transfer and pressure drop.

The predetermined radius R ₃ of the transition 17 between the middle part 11 and said downstream part is 0.1-2.1 times the height of the deflector 7, that is, 0.1*h ₁ -2.1*h ₁ , preferably 0.1-2.1 times the height of the deflector 7 0.35-2.1 times, ie 0.35*h ₁ -2.1*h ₁ , and more preferably 0.35-1.1 times the height of the deflector 7 , ie 0.35*h ₁ -1.1*h ₁ . For the embodiment with the smallest preferred channel height H, these values are 0.04-1.13 mm, 0.12-1.13 mm and 0.12-0.59 mm, respectively. These values are 0.14-4.52 mm, 0.49-4.52 mm and 0.49-2.37 mm for the embodiment with the maximum preferred channel height H, respectively. Such a radius directs a major part of the fluid towards the channel wall 6a to create a vortex, ie a controlled flow motion of the fluid, the creation of which controlled turbulent motion is necessary to increase the heat, moisture and/or mass transfer rate.

Alternatively, said radius R ₂ of the transition 19 between said upstream portion 9 and said intermediate portion 10 may be equal to the radius R ₃ of the transition 17 between said intermediate portion 10 and said downstream portion 11 . That is, the radius R ₂ is 0.1-2.1 times the height of the deflector 7, that is, 0.1*h ₁ -2.1*h ₁ , preferably 0.35-2.1 times the height of the deflector 7, that is, 0.35*h ₁ -2.1* h ₁ , and, more preferably, 0.35-1.1 times the height of the deflector 7 , that is, 0.35*h ₁ -1.1*h ₁ . For the embodiment with the smallest preferred channel height H, these values are 0.04-1.13 mm, 0.12-1.13 mm and 0.12-0.59 mm, respectively. For the embodiment with the largest preferred channel height H, these values are 0.14-4.52 mm, 0.49-4.52 mm and 0.49-2.37 mm, respectively. The aforementioned equal radii are advantageous for some applications where the fluid may flow in the opposite direction to the aforementioned direction.

The transition 20 between the channel wall 6a of the channel 4 and the upstream portion 9 which is smooth has a predetermined radius R ₁ . The radius R1 of the transition 20 between the channel wall 6a and the upstream part 9 of the channel ₄ helps to guide the fluid upwardly into the channel 4 and this radius _R1 is 0.1-2 times the height _h1 of the deflector 7, i.e., 0.1*h ₁ -2*h ₁ . For the embodiment with the smallest preferred channel height H, this value is equal to 0.04-1.08 mm, for the embodiment with the largest preferred channel height H, this value is equal to 0.14-4.13 mm.

Considering the ratio of pressure drop to heat, moisture and/or mass transfer, the optimum values of the radii _R1 and _R2 at the transitions between the channel wall 6a and the upstream part 9 and between the upstream part 9 and the intermediate part 10, respectively The value can be determined by using some empirical parameters. For example, these parameters are the ratio of the cross-sectional area _A1 of the channel 4 at the deflector 7,8 to the cross-sectional area _A2 of the channel 4, and the cross-sectional area of the channel 4 at the deflector 7,8 varies with The ratio of the cross-sectional area A ₁ , and the respective first and second angles of inclination α ₁ , α ₂ of the upstream portion 9 and the downstream portion 11 . The cross-sectional area A ₁ of the channel 4 is defined as the cross-section at the inlet 5 of the channel 4 . The cross-sectional area A ₁ of the channel 4 can also be defined as A ₁ in FIG. 5 . The cross-sectional area _A2 of the channel 4 at the deflectors 7, 8 is defined as the cross-sectional area at the height _h1 of the middle part 10. The cross-sectional area A ₂ of the channel 4 can also be defined as A ₂ in FIG. 5 . If the intermediate portion is not parallel to the channel wall 6 from which the upstream portion 9 extends, the cross-sectional area A ₂ is defined as the average cross-sectional area of the intermediate portion 10 .

A smooth transition 18 is located between the downstream portion 11 and the channel wall 6a of the channel 4, this transition 18 having a radius _R4 . Said radius _R4 reduces the formation of secondary vortices which would otherwise increase the pressure drop. The radius R ₄ is 0.2-2 times the height of the deflector 7 , ie 0.2h ₁ -2h ₁ , and preferably 0.5-1.5 times the height of the deflector 7 , ie 0.5h ₁ -1.5h ₁ . For the embodiment with the smallest preferred channel height H, this value is 0.01-2.15 mm, and 0.18-0.81, respectively. For the embodiments with the maximum channel height H, this value is equal to 0.03-8.62 mm and 0.70-3.23 mm, respectively. However, the transitions 18, 20 are not limited to having radii, they may also be straight.

The smooth transitions 18, 19, 20 and 21 result in a smoother fluid flow through the deflector 7, and at the same time direct the fluid in a specific direction. Smooth transitions also reduce pressure drop because the pressure drop is due to friction between the fluid and the channel walls of the channel.

In FIGS. 2 and 3 the upstream portion 9 of the deflector has a planar portion 21 . In another non-illustrated embodiment, the upstream portion 9 may comprise two opposite curved portions without a planar portion between the two curved portions. That is, the upstream portion 9 may be formed by a concave transition 20 between the channel wall 6 a and an upstream portion continuous on a convex transition 19 located in the upstream portion 9 and between the middle part 10. Here, the first inclination angle _α1 refers to the angle between the tangent (see the sectional view) passing through the deformation points of the two bending parts and the plane where the channel wall 6a is located. In other respects, the definition of the first inclination angle is similar to the case with the planar portion 21 .

In another embodiment, the downstream portion 11 may have a concave or convex shape, or the downstream portion 11 may comprise two opposite bends without a planar portion 22 between them. That is, the downstream portion 11 may be formed by a convex transition 17 between the intermediate portion and a downstream portion continuous on a concave transition 18 between the downstream portion and the channel wall. between. In this case, the second inclination angle _α2 refers to the angle between the tangent (see the sectional view) passing through the deformation points of the two bending parts and the plane where the channel wall 6a is located. In other respects, the definition of the first inclination angle is similar to the case with the planar portion 22 .

In Fig. 3, the second deflector 7b is located at a distance B from the first deflector 7a, and the second deflector 7b has the same geometric shape as the deflector 7a. The second deflector 7b may have a different geometry compared to the geometry of the first deflector 7a. The distance B should be large enough so that the turbulent flow movement generated after the fluid flows through the first deflector 7a can be maximized and such that the fluid can follow the direction of the channel 4, i.e. parallel to the channel walls 6a-c of the channel 4 . By this distance, unwanted pressure drops are prevented without reducing heat, moisture and/or mass transfer rates. The invention is not limited to an equal distance B between the deflectors. Rather, any distance between deflectors is possible.

Protrusions 12 are mounted above the deflectors 7a and 7b. Preferably, the height h ₂ of the protrusion 12 is smaller than the height h ₁ of the deflector 7 . This reduces unwanted turbulence in the protrusion 12 . More preferably, the shape of the protrusion 12 can well match with the corresponding protrusion 12 defined by the deflector on the lower side of the second channel (see FIG. 4 ). The height of the protrusion 12 is preferably high so that when the channel is installed in layers, it can be installed stably and prevent expansion and contraction. Scaling here refers to unnecessary relative movement of channel layers relative to each other. The invention is not limited to having one protrusion in each deflector 7 . Alternatively, for example, a protrusion may be provided on the first deflector 7 and a protrusion may be provided on the last deflector 7 in the direction of fluid flow.

Figure 4 shows two channels 4 superimposed, as in the channel system 2, each channel 4 having a first deflector 7 and a second deflector 8 which is a mirror image of the first deflector 7 . If only deflectors extending into the channel are used, only half of the deflectors are utilized when the channel is rolled up or arranged in an overlapping arrangement as shown in FIG. 6 . To further increase heat, moisture and/or mass transfer, suitably each second deflector is a deflector 8 mirror-reversed relative to deflector 7, such that all channels are provided with deflectors device. A second deflector 8 which is a mirror image inversion with respect to the first deflector 7 is placed at a predetermined distance B from the first deflector 7 . The distance B should be large enough so that the turbulent motion generated by the fluid passing through the first deflector 7 can be maximized and the fluid can flow in the direction of the channel 4 , ie parallel to the channel wall 6 of the channel 4 . The flow closer to the second mirror inversion deflector gets a large expansion area and can locally reduce the velocity.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the channel in Figure 2 seen from one end of the channel, illustrating how the cross-section is affected by the serrations 15 on both sides. In the figure, the first deflector 7 and the mirror-reversed deflector 8 are exemplified, and the first deflector 7 and the mirror-reversed deflector 8 extend on the entire channel wall 6 a (see FIG. 1 ). The channels are triangular in cross-section, but any top-shaped cross-section is suitable. Thus, trapezoidal cross-sections are also possible.

In order to increase the required turbulent movement, it is necessary for the fluid to have a certain velocity _v2 at the middle part 10 of the deflector 7 . The velocity v ₂ depends on the channel cross-sectional area A ₂ at the intermediate portion 10 , the cross-sectional area A ₁ of the channel 4 and the velocity v ₁ of the part of the channel having the cross-sectional area A ₁ (eg at the entrance of the channel). By using the formula A ₂ =A ₁ *(v ₁ ) ² /v ₂ , the most preferred ratio of areas A ₁ and A ₂ (ie A ₁ /A ₂ ) can be calculated depending on the application. The ratio of areas A ₁ and A ₂ is greater than 1.5, preferably greater than 2.5, and more preferably greater than 3.

According to an alternative of the invention, the deflector is installed in such a way that the intermediate part between said upstream and downstream parts is parallel to one side of the triangular section of the channel, from which the deflector edge extended. In yet another alternative, the deflector is mounted in such a way that the intermediate portion between the upstream portion and the downstream portion is perpendicular to one side of the triangle of the channel's triangular cross-section. This means that the upstream part and the downstream part, respectively, are inclined with respect to both sides of the channel, not only with respect to the side from which the deflector is offset, but also with respect to the adjacent side. In another alternative, the deflector may be mounted in such a way that the side portions of the middle portion are sloped relative to the sides from which the deflector is offset, i.e. the deflector is formed with four sloped side portions. The convex surface of the edge. Alternatively, one deflector may extend from one channel wall 6a back to the other channel wall 6b, or the deflectors may extend from channel walls 6a-c and return to a different channel wall in any order. For example, every second deflector may extend from the channel wall 6a, and the deflectors between these deflectors extending from the channel wall 6a may extend from the remaining two channel walls 6b, c is extended sequentially. Still in an alternative embodiment, the deflectors may extend from two or more of the channel walls 6a-c at equal distances from the inlet of the channel 4 or from the deflectors 7, 8 upstream in the channel. This results in narrow channels between several channel walls. This type of deflector can be exemplified in the figure in combination with deflectors 7,8.

Figure 6 illustrates a layer with channels 2 in the channel system in the longitudinal direction of the channels according to the invention. Preferably a corrugated belt 13 is used in which the deflectors 7 , 8 are extruded from one side so that both the serrations 15 are formed on the fold and the extrusions are formed on the inner fold. The serrations 15 here are the same as the deflectors 7, 8 described above. In this embodiment, a substantially planar flat belt 14 is used, which is also formed with serrations 15 to correspond to the serrations on the corrugated belt 13 . The flat strip 14 and the corrugated strip 13 are pressed together so that the serrations 15 on the flat strip 14 fit into the serrations 15 in the corrugated strip 13 .

For additional heat, moisture and/or mass transfer, it is convenient to provide both the downwardly-ended channels of the triangular cross-section and the upwardly-ended channels of the triangular cross-section with serrations/extrusions, which results in all The channels all have deflectors. Thus, for all channels with deflectors, it is therefore convenient to provide serrations/extrusions on both sides, pressing inwards at the base of the channel's cross-sectional triangle, thus reducing the cross-sectional area. The serrations/extrusions of the channel whose ends of the triangle in cross section point respectively towards the inside or the outside compensate each other along the channel and are preferably arranged equidistant from each other. Thus, in a cross-section of the same channel at different points along it, there are serrations at the base of the triangle/extrusion at the end of the triangle and serrations at the end of the triangle/extrusion at the base of the triangle. This primarily reduces the cross-sectional area, which helps create turbulent flow. This means that the part that squeezes the foundation inwards towards the center of the channel creates most of the turbulence as this is where the cross-sectional area decreases. Conversely, the cross-sectional area increases at the portion where the triangular ends extrude inward toward the center of the channel and the base extrudes outward.

Although the above invention has been described in conjunction with its preferred embodiments, it is obvious that many modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, as mentioned above, the corrugated belt can be corrugated in other ways so that other channel profiles can be obtained. Special serrations/extrusions with small acute angles to the longitudinal direction of the channel can be obtained if the configuration of the deflector does not include telescoping obstacles, eg, small angles of the upstream and downstream parts relative to the longitudinal direction of the channel. In this way, these telescoping barriers are also smaller, ie smaller than the cross-sectional area of the channel, compared to the deflectors in order to minimize the pressure drop. Of course, these telescoping barriers can complement those deflectors that already act as telescoping barriers. The number of serrations/deflectors depends on the length of the channel and the cross-sectional area _A1 of the channel. To optimize the ratio between pressure drop and heat, moisture, and/or mass transfer, channels of small cross-section require smaller deflector spacing, and more deflectors, than channels of large cross-section. Also, from a manufacturing point of view, it is suitable to adopt a predetermined distance that can be reused for different applications. For a preferred embodiment, the number of deflectors may be 5-6 for a channel with a length of 150 mm. However, the number of deflectors is by no means limited to this number.

Claims (25)

1. A channel system (2) for optimizing the relationship between pressure drop and heat, moisture and/or mass transfer of a fluid flowing through said system, said channel system (2) ) comprising at least one channel (4) having at least one channel wall (6a) and at least one deflector (7, 7a, 7b) having a predetermined height (h ₁ ), said deflector (7, 7a, 7b ) extending transversely to the channel (4) in the direction of fluid flow, the deflector (7, 7a, 7b) includes an upstream portion (9), a downstream portion (11) and an upstream portion (9) and In the middle part (10) between the downstream parts (11), the upstream part (9) deviates from the channel wall (6a) into the channel (4) in the fluid flow direction, the The downstream portion (11) returns towards the channel wall (6a) in the fluid flow direction, and the transition (17) between the intermediate portion (10) and the downstream portion (11) follows a predetermined radius ( R ₃ ) is curved, characterized in that the transition (20 ) is bent according to a predetermined radius (R ₁ ), where, The radius (R ₁ ) of the transition (20) between the channel wall of the channel (4) and the upstream part (9) is 0.1*the deflector (7, 7a, 7b ) to a predetermined height (h ₁ ) of 2*the deflector (7, 7a, _7b ). 2. Channel system (2) according to claim 1 , wherein the radius (R ₃ ) of the transition (17) between the intermediate portion (10) and the downstream portion (11 ) is 0.1*predetermined height (h ₁ ) of the deflector (7, 7a, 7b) to 2.1*predetermined height (h ₁ ) of the deflector (7, 7a, 7b). 3. The channel system (2) according to claim 2, wherein said radius ( _R3 ) of said transition (17) is 0.35*predetermined height of said deflector (7, 7a, 7b) ( h ₁ ) to 2.1* the predetermined height (h ₁ ) of said deflector ( 7 , 7a, 7b ). 4. The channel system (2) according to claim 3, characterized in that the radius (R ₃ ) of the transition (17) is 0.35*predetermined value of the deflector (7, 7a, 7b) height (h ₁ ) to 1.1*predetermined height (h ₁ ) of said deflector (7, 7a, 7b). 5. The channel system (2) according to claim 1, wherein said intermediate portion (10) comprises a planar portion (16) substantially parallel to said channel of said channel (4) wall (6a). 6. The channel system (2) according to claim 5, wherein the length of the planar portion (16) in the fluid flow direction is 0 to 2*the height (H) of the channel. 7. The channel system (2) according to claim 6, wherein the length of the planar portion (16) in the fluid flow direction is 0 to 2*the flow guide (7, 7a, 7b) The predetermined height (h ₁ ). 8. The channel system (2) according to claim 7, wherein the length of the planar portion (16) in the fluid flow direction is 0 to 1.0*the flow guide (7, 7a, 7b) The predetermined height (h ₁ ). 9. The channel system (2) according to claim 1 , wherein the transition (18) between the downstream portion (11) and the channel wall (6a) is curved according to a predetermined radius (R ₄ ), the radius (R ₄ ) is 0.5*predetermined height (h ₁ ) of the deflector (7, 7a, 7b) to 1.5*predetermined height (h ₁ ) of the deflector (7, 7a, 7b). 10. The channel system (2) according to claim 1, wherein the transition (19) between the upstream portion (9) and the intermediate portion (10) is curved according to a predetermined radius ( _R2 ). 11. Channel system (2) according to claim 10, wherein the radius ( _R2 ) of the transition (19) between the upstream part (9) and the intermediate part (10) is 0.1*predetermined height (h ₁ ) of the deflector (7, 7a, 7b) to 2*predetermined height (h ₁ ) of the deflector (7, 7a, 7b). 12. Channel system (2) according to claim 10, wherein said radius ( _R2 ) of said transition (19) between said upstream part (9) and said intermediate part (10) is equal to The radii (R ₃ ) of the transition ( 17 ) between the intermediate portion ( 10 ) and the downstream portion ( 11 ) are equal. 13. The channel system (2) according to claim 1, wherein the planar portion ( 21) has a first tilt angle (α ₁ ). 14. The channel system (2) according to claim 13, wherein the first inclination angle (α ₁ ) is 10°-60°. 15. The channel system (2) according to claim 14, wherein the first angle of inclination (α ₁ ) is 30°-50°. 16. The channel system (2) according to claim 1, wherein the planar portion ( 22) has a second tilt angle (α ₂ ). 17. The channel system (2) according to claim 16, wherein the second angle of inclination ( _α2 ) is 50°-90°. 18. The channel system (2) according to claim 17, wherein the second inclination angle ( _α2 ) is 60±10°. 19. The channel system (2) according to claim 1, wherein the channel (4) has a first cross-sectional area _A1 and a second cross-sectional area at the deflector (7, 7a, 7b) The area A ₂ , wherein the ratio of the first cross-sectional area A ₁ to the second cross-sectional area A ₂ , ie A ₁ /A ₂ , is greater than 1.5. 20. The channel system (2) according to claim 19, wherein the ratio of the first cross-sectional area _Al to the second cross-sectional area _A2 is greater than 2.5. 21. The channel system (2) according to claim 20, wherein the ratio of the first cross-sectional area _A1 to the second cross-sectional area _A2 is greater than three. 22. The channel system (2) according to claim 1 , wherein the intermediate portion (10) is still on the inner side of the channel wall (6a) from which the upstream portion (9) deviates. 23. The channel system (2) according to claim 1, wherein the channel (4) comprises at least one mirror-reversed deflector (8) relative to The deflectors (7, 7a, 7b) are mirror-inverted. 24. The channel system (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the channel (4) has a top-shaped cross-section. 25. The channel system (2) according to claim 24, wherein the channel (4) has a triangular cross-section.

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