CN102980209B - Plasma catalysis ignition integrated nozzle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a plasma catalytic ignition integrated nozzle. An integrated nozzle of plasma assisted atomization and plasma ignition is formed by a low-temperature plasma discharge assembly, a fuel pressure atomization nozzle assembly and a high-energy plasma ignition assembly. Utilize the uniform discharge of the barrier medium to partially crack the liquid fuel, generate a large amount of gas activation components, form gas-liquid coexistence plasma microclusters, reduce the fuel activation energy and ignition energy, form the physical conditions of gas-assisted atomization, and improve the atomization effect. The plasma igniter is arranged in the middle of the multi-point nozzle, in the low-pressure area of the combustion chamber, and the plasma and fuel atomized particles are better mixed and chemically reacted, and a stable high-temperature ignition core is easily formed. The direct ignition of the plasma flow, due to its unique discharge characteristics, large discharge energy, and high energy concentration, greatly improves the ignition reliability and concentration limit of the gas turbine. The invention is applicable to gas turbine combustors.

Description

Plasma catalytic ignition integrated nozzle

technical field

The invention relates to a nozzle applicable to a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.

Background technique

As a new type of ignition technology, plasma ignition technology is being widely used in aviation industry, shipbuilding industry, power generation, oil and gas transmission and many other industries. As a new type of ignition equipment for modern gas turbines, the plasma igniter has unique discharge characteristics, large discharge energy, concentrated energy, and can increase the ignition reliability and ignition concentration limit of the engine. When the plasma igniter is injected with fuel and high-temperature air plasma flow, heat transfer, mass transfer and a series of complex and violent physical and chemical reactions occur in a fuel-rich state, which includes high-temperature cracking and recombination of gas and fuel, including Complex intermediate process, and the rate of each reaction is not the same, so the reaction process is quite complicated.

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) can generate low-temperature plasma with large volume and high energy density under atmospheric pressure. It can obtain active particles required for chemical reactions at room temperature or near room temperature without vacuum equipment, and perform low-temperature plasma catalysis on fuels. , is an extremely effective way of low energy consumption, high yield, and high selectivity in the chemical reaction process, and is widely used in ozone generation and hydrogen production.

In the patent document with the application number US20050596453, a fuel injection device integrating a fuel injector and an electric spark igniter is disclosed, which includes an electrode pair ignition device and a fuel injector, and two pairs of ignition electrodes are distributed around the fuel injector. The fuel from the injector forms the initial flare directly into the interior of the combustion chamber.

In the patent document with the application number 201010148590.4, an improved pulverized coal gasifier plasma ignition nozzle is disclosed, which is connected to the plasma generator, includes an outer sleeve, and a central sleeve primary combustion chamber is sequentially arranged from the center of the outer sleeve outward. and inner sleeve secondary combustion chamber. This hierarchical ignition method is easy to install, has stable and reliable effects, can be widely used in gasifiers fed with various pulverized coal, has simple structure, low cost and safe operation.

In the patent document with application number 200810189860.9, a pre-mixed pre-vortex plasma-assisted pilot burner is disclosed, which includes a swirler device and a plasma generating device. The pilot burner is configured to be inserted into a lean-fuel pre-mixed ground-based Existing blank or liquid fuel tube space within the center body of a gas turbine combustor fuel nozzle.

In the patent document with the application number 99121137.5, a gas fuel plasma ignition electronically controlled nozzle is disclosed, which is an integrated nozzle for the high-pressure gas supply in the gas fuel cylinder and the electromagnetic propulsion forced combustion of the plasma igniter. It has a simple structure and a long service life. , The gas fuel flow area is large, the advantages of fast response, high reliability.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a plasma catalytic ignition integrated nozzle which can improve the ignition reliability and ignition concentration limit of the gas turbine.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

Including the high-energy plasma ignition assembly mainly composed of the ignition cathode, the anode located outside the ignition cathode, the ignition ceramic between the ignition cathode and the anode, and the ignition power connector nut; it also includes the fuel pressure assembly mainly composed of the base and the swirl injection assembly An atomizing nozzle assembly, the swirl injection assembly includes a swirl piece, a swirl cover above the swirl piece, a spring above the swirl cover and a compression cover, the swirl piece, the swirl cover and the spring are pressed The cover is installed in the base; the base is ring-shaped, and a plurality of the swirl jet assemblies are evenly distributed in the ring-shaped base; the high-energy plasma ignition assembly is located in the ring-shaped base, and the anode is provided with an air guide hole, and the base and the anode There is an oil inlet pipe on the annular base, and the oil inlet pipe is connected with the low-temperature plasma discharge assembly. The low-temperature plasma discharge assembly includes a housing, a catalytic cathode located in the middle of the housing, and a sleeve outside the catalytic cathode. Catalytic ceramics, as well as catalytic power connector nuts, and a fuel inlet is provided on one side of the housing.

The present invention may also include:

1. Install a fuel filter at the fuel inlet.

2. The number of said swirl injection assemblies is 6-12.

The present invention proposes an integrated nozzle with a perfect combination of plasma-assisted atomization and plasma ignition, which utilizes the uniform discharge of the blocking medium to partially crack the liquid fuel and generate a large amount of gas activation components to form gas-liquid coexisting plasma microclusters. Direct ignition, due to its unique discharge characteristics and large discharge energy, and highly concentrated energy; multi-way pressure atomizing nozzles are used to achieve multi-point injection, and the mixing of fuel and air is strengthened, so that the ignition reliability of the gas turbine and The concentration limit for ignition has been greatly increased.

Technical characteristics of the present invention are mainly reflected in:

(1) The present invention mainly includes low-temperature plasma discharge assembly, fuel pressure atomization nozzle assembly and high-energy plasma ignition assembly. Firstly, the liquid fuel is catalyzed by plasma, and the fuel fragments and activated components produced by the catalysis are sent into the combustion chamber through the multi-point pressure swirl nozzle, and then ignited by the huge discharge energy of the plasma flow, so as to achieve a better drop of liquid fuel spray. Spectral characteristics, reduce activation energy, improve ignition and combustion stability.

(2) The present invention uses ceramics as the barrier medium for low-temperature plasma discharge to ensure that diesel can be discharged in the discharge area; due to the inherent characteristics of ceramic materials, it can effectively prevent the occurrence of excessive discharge and breakdown of the barrier medium, and improve the low-temperature plasma discharge. The service life of the components; the barrier medium is designed as a top-closed mode, and the inner electrode is in it. It has been verified by experiments that it can effectively avoid arc discharge at the end and ensure the discharge uniformity and stability of the discharge area, thereby improving the efficiency and uniformity of liquid fuel catalysis Spend.

(3) In the present invention, the plasma igniter is coupled in the middle of the multi-point nozzle, and the igniter is arranged in the reflow area of the combustion chamber head, so as to overcome the problem that the free fire core of the conventional igniter is blown down or blown out of the reflow area in the high-speed airflow The disadvantage is that the effective mixing of high-temperature plasma flow and fuel makes it easier to form an ignition core and ensure ignition reliability. On the other hand, after the ignition is over, the plasma igniter stops working, but still generates air jets, which not only cool the igniter, but also enhance the mixing of fuel and air, prevent carbon deposition in the nozzle, reduce emissions, and improve combustion efficiency.

(4) The present invention adopts 8 single-way pressure atomizing nozzles to realize multi-point injection, strengthen the mixing of fuel and air, and adapt to different combustion chamber working conditions. Each nozzle uses a support spring to realize the rigid connection between the bracket and the swirl piece, avoiding the phenomenon that the swirl piece may be skewed when the outer shell is loose. The hollow diffused cone-shaped oil film is spouted in the channel at an accelerated rate, and the high-speed difference between the liquid and the outside air is used to break up the atomization and ensure a good atomization effect.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in more detail below with examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The structural composition of the plasma catalytic ignition integrated nozzle of the present invention includes a catalytic nut, a catalytic ceramic 2, a gasket, a catalytic cathode 4, a fuel filter 5, a housing 6, an ignition power connector nut 7, an ignition ceramic 8, a gasket 9, Compression ring 10, ignition cathode 11, anode 12, upper cover 13, base 14, compression cover 15, spring 16, swirl cover 17 and swirl piece 18.

The ignition cathode 11, the anode 12 outside the ignition cathode, the ignition ceramic 8 between the ignition cathode and the anode, and the high-energy plasma ignition assembly composed of the ignition power connector nut 7. A compression ring 10 is arranged between the anode and the ignition ceramic, a certain gap is formed between the anode and the ignition ceramic, and a gasket 9 is arranged at the contact position between the compression ring and the ignition ceramic.

The fuel pressure atomizing nozzle assembly is formed by the base 14 and the swirl injection assembly, and the swirl injection assembly includes a swirl piece 18, a swirl cover 17 above the swirl piece, a spring 16 above the swirl cover and a compression The cover 15, the swirl piece, the swirl cover and the spring are installed in the base by pressing the cover.

The base is ring-shaped, and the 8 swirl jet assemblies are evenly distributed in the ring-shaped base. The high-energy plasma ignition assembly is located in the ring-shaped base, and the anode has air guide holes, and the base and the anode are connected into one body through the upper cover.

An oil inlet pipe is provided on the annular base, and the oil inlet pipe is connected with the low-temperature plasma discharge assembly. The low-temperature plasma discharge assembly includes a housing 6 , a catalytic cathode 4 located in the middle of the housing, a catalytic ceramic 2 sleeved outside the catalytic cathode, and a catalytic power connector nut 1 . A gasket 3 is provided at the contact position between the catalytic ceramic and the shell. One side of the casing is provided with a fuel inlet, and a fuel filter is arranged at the fuel inlet, 5.

All components are threaded, and nut 1 and nut 7 fix the ceramic and cathode to the low-temperature plasma catalyst and the anode of the plasma igniter respectively, which can effectively avoid arc discharge at the end and ensure the discharge uniformity and stability in the discharge area. The fuel system enters the cracking space of the atomizing nozzle after passing through the fuel filter 5 , that is, the annular gap formed by the casing 6 and the ceramic 2 . In the cracking space, the ceramic dielectric barrier discharge technology is used to partially catalyze the cracking of fuel oil, generating a large number of gas activation components (such as H, OH ions), forming gas-liquid coexistence plasma microclusters, reducing fuel activation energy and ignition energy, and forming gas Auxiliary atomization physical conditions to improve atomization effect. Under the higher inlet pressure, the pyrolysis product quickly enters the interior of the eight pressure swirl nozzles, passes through the tangential hole swirl member 18 to generate liquid rotation, and accelerates the ejection in the converging channel to form a multi-point hollow diffused cone-shaped oil film, ensuring Good atomization effect.

At this time, the plasma igniter power is turned on, and the high-voltage discharge of the cathode 11 and the anode 12 causes the air to undergo high-temperature ionization to generate an ion flow, and the chemical bonds of the original molecules are interrupted to form highly active ions, and the ion flow is in the plasma igniter. Under the action of the cooling air flow, it is sent to the middle of the multi-point nozzle, that is, the mixed low-pressure area of the combustion chamber, and chemically reacts with the fuel in the low-temperature plasma catalytic component. The fuel components with low activation energy are ignited to form an ignition torch, that is, a stable "high temperature ignition core" is formed. Then rely on the generated high temperature, high pressure and torch containing activated molecules to ignite the main fuel torch of the entire combustion chamber. When the main fuel torch of the combustion chamber can burn continuously and stably, the ignition process is over and the ignition equipment stops immediately. Work.

Through the joint action of plasma ignition and catalytic cracking components, the working performance of the gas turbine under low working conditions can be greatly improved and improved, the combustion efficiency of fuel can be improved under ignition working conditions, the fuel consumption rate can be reduced, and the carbon black content can be reduced. Decrease, reduce the number of active carcinogens PAHs.

Claims (2)

1. A plasma catalytic ignition integrated nozzle, including a high-energy plasma ignition assembly mainly composed of an ignition cathode, an anode positioned outside the ignition cathode, an ignition ceramic between the ignition cathode and the anode, and an ignition power connector nut; it also includes the main A fuel pressure atomizing nozzle assembly composed of a base and a swirl injection assembly, the swirl injection assembly includes a swirl piece, a swirl cover above the swirl piece, a spring and a compression cover above the swirl cover, the swirl piece Flow parts, swirl cover and spring are installed in the base through the pressing cover; the feature is: the base is ring-shaped, and the 8 swirl injection assemblies are evenly distributed in the ring-shaped base; the high-energy plasma ignition assembly is located in the ring In the base, an air guide hole is opened on the anode, and the base and the anode are connected into one body through the upper cover; there is an oil inlet pipe on the annular base, and the oil inlet pipe is connected with the low-temperature plasma discharge assembly, and the low-temperature plasma discharge assembly includes a shell , a catalytic cathode located in the middle of the casing, a catalytic ceramic set outside the catalytic cathode, and a catalytic power connector nut, and a fuel inlet is provided on one side of the casing. 2. The plasma catalytic ignition integrated nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: a fuel filter is arranged at the fuel inlet.