CN102976590A - Flat vacuum glass and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Flat vacuum glass and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102976590A CN102976590A CN2012100756217A CN201210075621A CN102976590A CN 102976590 A CN102976590 A CN 102976590A CN 2012100756217 A CN2012100756217 A CN 2012100756217A CN 201210075621 A CN201210075621 A CN 201210075621A CN 102976590 A CN102976590 A CN 102976590A
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- band frame
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 435
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 128
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000005344 low-emissivity glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005331 crown glasses (windows) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 pottery Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
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- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a flat vacuum glass, which comprises an upper glass and a lower glass, wherein the upper glass and the lower glass are flat glasses, the peripheries of the welding surface of the upper glass and the lower glass have edge sealing strip frames, the peripheries of the upper glass and the lower glass are integratedly welded through a low temperature welding material, a closed vacuum layer is formed between the upper glass and the lower glass, and a supporting matter aligned in a point lattice manner is arranged inside the vacuum layer. According to the present invention, the process of the vacuum glass manufacturing method is simple, disadvantages in the prior art can be overcome with the manufactured vacuum glass, and mass production can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the glass processing technical field, relate in particular to a kind of vacuum glass and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Existing vacuum glass generally is comprised of two blocks of sheet glass, uses the low temperature glass solder edge sealing around the glass, and there is small upholder the centre, makes the thin vacuum layer that forms 0.1～0.2mm thickness between two blocks of glass by aspirating hole.Owing to the heat transfer that does not have gas, transaudient, the internal surface of glass can have again transparent low thermal radiation film, so vacuum glass has well heat insulation and soundproof effect, is the best energy-saving glass of performance.
The gordian technique of existing vacuum glass has: the one, and the design of aspirating hole and the sealing of extraction pipe and protection, the 2nd, the selection of upholder and laying, the 3rd, the selection of scolder and edge sealing.Existing vacuum glass has following shortcoming: (1) complex structure, technique are loaded down with trivial details: glass punching, preparation and welding bleed Glass tubing, lay upholder and getter, periphery coating low temperature glass solder, heat peripheral sealing-in, heat vacuumizing and exhausting and seal bleeding point, bleeding point protection, getter deblocking etc.; (2) evacuation process is complicated, production efficiency is very low: because bleeding point is very thin, pumping speed is little, and production efficiency is low; The space that two blocks of glass forms is difficult for the vacuum tightness that reaches higher, thereby reduces thermal insulation, the defening effect of vacuum glass, for improving heat-insulating property, has to use getter, has more increased complicacy and the cost produced; (3) upholder lays difficulty: affect transparency and heat insulation, sound-proofing properties; (4) sealing edge quality is not high: edge sealing is the edge interface place that low temperature glass solder is coated in two blocks of glass, in the slit between two blocks of glass of glass solder inflow after under high temperature action, utilizing capillarity to make scorification, realize edge sealing, its subject matter is: if glass solder skewness or inner suction are uneven, the too high influx of glass solder that all can cause of Heating temperature is inconsistent, thereby cause the uneven of edge of vacuum glass sealing, resistance to air loss is difficult to guarantee; Upper and lower two glass discontinuity, mechanical strength is bad, has affected the work-ing life of vacuum glass; Upper and lower two blocks of glass easily cause low temperature glass solder sticking power bad because all being the light face; (5) finally sealed of bleeding point and protection are large drawbacks of a technical difficult problem and product, and the problem that this geneogenous textural defect is brought can't solve in subsequent technique at all.Complicated structure, loaded down with trivial details production technique be caused the production efficiency of existing vacuum glass low, scrap rate is high, production cost and the commercial value basic reason under being in not.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the defective that is for existing vacuum glass existence, a kind of novel vacuum glass and preparation method thereof is provided, the making method technique of this vacuum glass is simple, prepared vacuum glass can overcome deficiency of the prior art, and can realize mass production.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of planar vacuum glass, it comprises: upper and lower glass, described upper and lower glass is sheet glass, the periphery of the face of weld of described upper glass and described lower-glass all has the edge band frame, the periphery of described upper glass and described lower-glass welds together by solder, forms the vacuum layer of a sealing between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, has in the described vacuum layer to be the upholder that dot matrix is arranged.
Wherein, described planar vacuum glass can also comprise one flat plate glass, and described sheet glass is clipped between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, and described upper glass and described lower-glass form respectively the vacuum layer of two sealings with described sheet glass.
Wherein, the periphery of described upper glass face of weld has an edge band frame at least, and the periphery of described lower-glass face of weld has two edge band frames at least.
Wherein, described edge band frame is made by the mode of printing, preferred mould printing cryogenic glass powder or the low melting glass scolder of adopting made, the preferred commercially available melt temperature of described cryogenic glass powder is 550 ~ 750 ℃ glass glaze, and the preferred commercially available melt temperature of described low temperature glass solder is about 450 ℃ crown glass scolder.
Wherein, described mode of printing is the method that adopts silk screen printing or mould printing or printer, and cryogenic glass powder is imprinted on the fin that formation on glass is raised in glass surface.
Wherein, the preparation of described edge band frame can be one-step print, also can be repeatedly to print.
Wherein, the height of described edge band frame is preferably 0.1～10mm, 0.5～2mm more preferably, and width is preferably 0.2～5mm, more preferably 1～2mm.
Wherein, described solder comprises commercially available low temperature glass solder and low melting point metal or solder, the preferred melt temperature of described low temperature glass solder is about 450 ℃ crown glass scolder, the preferred tin of described low melting point metal or solder or tin alloy, zinc or zinc alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy, its shape or form are paste, Powdered, thread or paper tinsel shape.
Wherein, above support is made by metal, pottery or glass, preferably adopts the preparation of mould printing cryogenic glass powder or low temperature glass solder.
Wherein, above support be printed on one on glass, or be printed on two on glass.
Wherein, above support is cylindric, or is strip; When upholder only is printed on one when on glass, be preferably cylindric; When upholder is printed on two when on glass simultaneously, be preferably strip, and vertical pile.
Wherein, the above support minimum unit can be that the dot matrix of equilateral triangle is arranged, and the leg-of-mutton length of side is about 30～300mm, is preferably 50～150mm; Upholder is strip, its length is 0.3～5.0 mm, be preferably 0.5～2.0 mm, width is 0.1～2.0mm, be preferably 0.2～1.0mm, be 0.1～10.0mm highly, be preferably 0.5～3.0mm, the height of upholder be higher than the edge band frame height 0.1～2.0mm, be preferably 0.1～0.5mm; Upholder also can be for cylindric, its diameter is 0.1～3.0mm, be preferably 0.3～2.0mm, be 0.1～5.0 mm highly, be preferably 0.5～3.0mm, two blocks of glass closed sheet rear support thing position spatial altitude 0～0.3 mm, are preferably 0.1～0.2mm about the height of upholder was higher than.
Wherein, when above support was printed before edge band frame sintering, its material was preferably cryogenic glass powder; When above support was printed behind edge band frame sintering, its material was preferably low temperature glass solder.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides the preparation method of above-mentioned planar vacuum glass, when the material of upholder was cryogenic glass powder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare edge band frame and upholder, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, edge band frame and upholder are carried out high temperature sintering curing;
The 3rd step, the solder of packing between the edge band frame of the glass that second step is obtained, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave the exhaust-duct between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides the preparation method of above-mentioned planar vacuum glass, when the material of upholder was low temperature glass solder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare the edge band frame, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus the edge band frame being carried out high temperature sintering solidifies;
The 3rd step, utilize mould printing technology and low temperature glass solder to prepare upholder on the face of weld of the glass that second step is obtained, the solder of packing between the edge band frame on glass, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave the exhaust-duct between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually, and upholder also links together two blocks of glass; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
On the vacuum glass of the present invention, the periphery of lower-glass contains the edge band frame, so that the edge sealing of vacuum glass is easier, the mutual chimeric sealing effectiveness of glass under deformation that guaranteed of edge band frame up and down, have the bonding strength higher than solder between edge band frame and the upper lower-glass, sealing surface area and airtight layer thickness between the upper lower-glass have been increased, solved the uneven problem of sealing of existing edge of vacuum glass, sticking power and the adhesion strength of sealing-in have greatly been strengthened, on having increased, the tightness of vacuum layer between the lower-glass, improved the life-span of vacuum glass, and can save and make and the great bleeding point of sealing difficulty, realized that the single stage method mass prepares vacuum glass, promote the suitability for industrialized production of vacuum glass, greatly improved productivity and the qualification rate of vacuum glass, reduced the production cost of vacuum glass.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the vacuum glass structural representation with single upholder of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vacuum glass structural representation with dual-gripper thing of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1. upper glass, 2. lower-glass, 3. solder, 4. the edge band frame on the lower-glass, 5. the edge band frame of upper glass, the 6. upholder on the lower-glass, the 7. upholder on the upper glass.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of planar vacuum glass, it comprises, upper and lower glass, described upper and lower glass is sheet glass, the periphery of described upper glass and described lower-glass welds together by solder, form the vacuum layer of a sealing between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, have in the described vacuum layer to be the upholder that dot matrix is arranged, the periphery of the face of weld of described upper glass and described lower-glass all has the edge band frame.
The height of described edge band frame is preferably 0.1～10mm, 0.1～1mm more preferably, and width is preferably 0.2～5mm, more preferably 1.0～2.0mm.
Several aspirating holes can be left on the described edge band frame, after described solder fusing, described aspirating hole can be sealed.
When containing two or more edge band frame, described solder is in the centre of described edge band frame, described edge band frame is when the upper surface of the middle sheet glass of the sheet glass with two vacuum layer, identical with described lower-glass, when the lower surface of described sheet glass, identical with described upper glass.
The edge band frame of described lower-glass is Duoed one than the edge band frame of described upper glass, be that described upper glass contains an edge band frame at least, described lower-glass contains two edge band frames at least, the edge band frame of described upper glass is inserted in the middle of the edge band frame of described lower-glass, on described, the edge band frame of lower-glass is entrenched togather mutually, vacuum layer is carried out labyrinth seal, described edge band frame is when the upper surface of the middle sheet glass of the sheet glass with two vacuum layer, identical with described lower-glass, when the lower surface of described sheet glass, identical with described upper glass.
Described edge band frame is made by the mode of squeezing, etching or printing, and described edge band frame comprises fin and groove, preferably adopts the mould printing cryogenic glass powder to make.
Described squeezing mode is to pack sheet glass into internal surface with in depression or the mold cavity of protruding lines, after pyroprocessing makes glass softening, sheet glass is exerted pressure, and forms fin and groove at the periphery of sheet glass.
Described etching mode is known prior art, utilizes method for printing screen that acid-proof ink is printed on sheet glass and does not need etched place, will not have the acid-proof ink place to erode away groove on the sheet glass with corrosive acids such as hydrofluoric acid.
Described mode of printing is the method that adopts silk screen printing or mould printing or printer, cryogenic glass powder is imprinted on forms the fin that is raised in surface of plate glass on the sheet glass.
When described edge band frame prepares, can be one-step print, also can be repeatedly to print.
Described planar vacuum glass can also comprise one flat plate glass, and described sheet glass is clipped between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, and described upper glass and described lower-glass form respectively the vacuum layer of two sealings with described sheet glass.
Described planar vacuum glass may further include polylith sheet glass, thereby comprises the vacuum layer of a plurality of sealings.
The formation of the vacuum glass of described single vacuum layer adopts single stage method to form, and described single stage method refers to the edge sealing of vacuum glass and vacuumize in vacuum edge sealing stove finish simultaneously, and can carry out batch processing to vacuum glass.
Described single stage method further comprises the steps:
The solder of packing between will two edge band frames with the lower-glass of upholder, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave the exhaust-duct between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove; To vacuum edge sealing stove evacuation to 0.1Pa, and heating make that temperature rises to more than the melt temperature of solder in the stove, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating reduces furnace temperature to room temperature, and described solder welds together upper and lower glass is bubble-tight, thereby obtains needed planar vacuum glass.
It is as follows that the single stage method of the vacuum glass of described two vacuum layer forms step:
The solder of packing in the middle of two edge band frames with lower-glass and middle sheet glass face of weld, and three glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave in twos the exhaust-duct between the glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove; To vacuum edge sealing stove evacuation to 0.1Pa, and heating make that temperature rises to more than the melt temperature of solder in the stove, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together three blocks of glass, opens fire door and obtains required planar vacuum glass.
Described edge sealing temperature is preferably 150～550 ℃, further is preferably 290～350 ℃ when adopting low melting point metal or solder; When adopting low temperature glass solder, further be preferably 380～470 ℃.
The material of above support is low temperature glass, metal, pottery, glass or plastics, is preferably low temperature glass.
The above support minimum unit can be that the dot matrix of equilateral triangle is arranged, and the leg-of-mutton length of side is about 20～100mm, is preferably 30～50mm; Upholder is strip, its length is 0.3～5.0 mm, be preferably 0.5～2.0 mm, width is 0.1～2.0mm, be preferably 0.2～1.0mm, be 0.1～10.0mm highly, be preferably 0.2～3.0mm, the height of upholder be higher than the edge band frame height 0.1～2.0mm, be preferably 0.1～0.5mm; Upholder also can be for cylindric, and its diameter is 0.1～3.0mm, is preferably 0.3～2.0mm, is 0.1～5.0 mm highly, is preferably 0.5～3.0mm.
When upholder is printed on one when on glass, be preferably cylindric; When upholder is printed on up and down two when on glass simultaneously, be preferably strip.
When upholder was printed before edge band frame sintering, preferred cryogenic glass powder was made; When upholder was printed behind edge band frame sintering, preferred low temperature glass solder was made.
When upper lower-glass all has the strip upholder, the upholder vertical pile supports, upper lower-glass still is the some contact by upholder, and contact for line between upholder and the glass, increased contact area, reduced the tension stress of glass in support place, thus the quantity of upholder can be reduced, thus further improve the transparency of glass, heat insulation and sound-proofing properties.
The material of described upper and lower glass can be simple glass or low emissivity glass or wire glass or rolled glass or hot melt glass, or the combination of above any two or three kinds of glass, more preferably simple glass and low emissivity glass.
Described solder comprises low temperature glass solder and low melting point metal or solder, and described solder is placed in the middle of the edge band frame of glass.
The present invention also provides a kind of planar vacuum glass with a vacuum layer, it comprises: upper glass, lower-glass, described upper and lower glass is sheet glass, the periphery of described upper glass and described lower-glass welds together by solder, form the vacuum layer of a sealing between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, have in the described vacuum layer to be the upholder that dot matrix is arranged, described upper and lower glass all contains the edge band frame;
The preparation method of the planar vacuum glass of described vacuum layer with a sealing is as follows:
When the material of upholder was cryogenic glass powder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare edge band frame and upholder, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, edge band frame and upholder are carried out high temperature sintering curing;
The 3rd step, the solder of packing between the edge band frame of the glass that second step is obtained, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave the exhaust-duct between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
The preparation method of the planar vacuum glass of described vacuum layer with a sealing is as follows:
When the material of upholder was low temperature glass solder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare the edge band frame, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus the edge band frame being carried out high temperature sintering solidifies;
The 3rd step, utilize mould printing technology and low temperature glass solder to prepare upholder on the face of weld of the glass that second step is obtained, the solder of packing between the edge band frame on glass, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave the exhaust-duct between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually, and upholder also links together two blocks of glass; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
Described edge sealing temperature is preferably 150～550 ℃, further is preferably 290～350 ℃ when adopting low melting point metal or solder; When adopting low temperature glass solder, further be preferably 380～470 ℃.
The present invention also provides a kind of planar vacuum glass with two vacuum layer, it comprises: upper glass, lower-glass and sheet glass, described upper and lower glass is sheet glass, described sheet glass is clipped between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, described upper glass and described lower-glass form respectively the vacuum layer of two sealings with described sheet glass, just all have in the described vacuum layer and be the upholder that dot matrix is arranged, the periphery of described upper glass and described lower-glass welds together by solder, and mutually chimeric edge band frame is all arranged in described two vacuum layer.
The preparation method of the planar vacuum glass of described vacuum layer with two sealings is as follows:
When the material of upholder was cryogenic glass powder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and three blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare edge band frame and upholder, and after guaranteeing three glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the upper edge band frame of middle sheet glass, the lower seal edge strip frame of middle sheet glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, edge band frame and upholder are carried out high temperature sintering curing;
The 3rd step, the solder of packing between the edge band frame of the glass that second step is obtained, and described three glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, the exhaust-duct is arranged between the glass in twos, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together three blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
Described edge sealing temperature is preferably 150～550 ℃, further is preferably 290～350 ℃ when adopting low melting point metal or solder; When adopting low temperature glass solder, further be preferably 380～470 ℃.
The preparation method of the planar vacuum glass of described vacuum layer with two sealings is as follows:
When the material of upholder was low temperature glass solder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and three blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare the edge band frame, and after guaranteeing three glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the upper edge band frame of middle sheet glass, the lower seal edge strip frame of middle sheet glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus the edge band frame being carried out high temperature sintering solidifies;
The 3rd step, utilize mould printing technology and low temperature glass solder to prepare upholder on the face of weld of the glass that second step is obtained, the solder of packing between the edge band frame on glass, and described three glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, the exhaust-duct is arranged between the glass in twos, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together three blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
Described edge sealing temperature is preferably 150～550 ℃, further is preferably 290～350 ℃ when adopting low melting point metal or solder; When adopting low temperature glass solder, further be preferably 380～470 ℃.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method with planar vacuum glass of a vacuum layer, and when the material of upholder was cryogenic glass powder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare edge band frame and upholder, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, edge band frame and upholder are carried out high temperature sintering curing;
The 3rd step, the solder of packing between the edge band frame of the glass that second step is obtained, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave the exhaust-duct between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
Described edge sealing temperature is preferably 150～550 ℃, further is preferably 290～350 ℃ when adopting low melting point metal or solder; When adopting low temperature glass solder, further be preferably 380～470 ℃.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method with planar vacuum glass of a vacuum layer, and when the material of upholder was low temperature glass solder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare the edge band frame, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus the edge band frame being carried out high temperature sintering solidifies;
The 3rd step, utilize mould printing technology and low temperature glass solder to prepare upholder on the face of weld of the glass that second step is obtained, the solder of packing between the edge band frame on glass, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave the exhaust-duct between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually, and upholder also links together two blocks of glass; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
Described edge sealing temperature is preferably 150～550 ℃, further is preferably 290～350 ℃ when adopting low melting point metal or solder; When adopting low temperature glass solder, further be preferably 380～470 ℃.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method with planar vacuum glass of two vacuum layer, and when the material of upholder was cryogenic glass powder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and three blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare edge band frame and upholder, and after guaranteeing three glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the upper edge band frame of middle sheet glass, the lower seal edge strip frame of middle sheet glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, edge band frame and upholder are carried out high temperature sintering curing;
The 3rd step, the solder of packing between the edge band frame of the glass that second step is obtained, and described three glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, the exhaust-duct is arranged between the glass in twos, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together three blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
Described edge sealing temperature is preferably 150～550 ℃, further is preferably 290～350 ℃ when adopting low melting point metal or solder; When adopting low temperature glass solder, further be preferably 380～470 ℃.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method with planar vacuum glass of two vacuum layer, and when the material of upholder was low temperature glass solder, it comprised:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and three blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare the edge band frame, and after guaranteeing three glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the upper edge band frame of middle sheet glass, the lower seal edge strip frame of middle sheet glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus the edge band frame being carried out high temperature sintering solidifies;
The 3rd step, utilize mould printing technology and low temperature glass solder to prepare upholder on the face of weld of the glass that second step is obtained, the solder of packing between the edge band frame on glass, and described three glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, the exhaust-duct is arranged between the glass in twos, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together three blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
Described edge sealing temperature is preferably 150～550 ℃, further is preferably 290～350 ℃ when adopting low melting point metal or solder; When adopting low temperature glass solder, further be preferably 380～470 ℃.
Below adopt embodiment and accompanying drawing to describe embodiments of the present invention in detail, how the utilisation technology means solve technical problem to the present invention whereby, and the implementation procedure of reaching technique effect can fully understand and implements according to this.
Embodiment 1: referring to Fig. 1, two blocks of glass are sheet glass, wherein one or low emissivity glass, on glassly all has an edge band frame at two, its making method is as follows: at first according to the shape of made vacuum glass and one flat plate glass and low emissivity glass of size cutting desired size, carry out edging, chamfering, clean, after the drying, two mould printing technology of utilizing on glass cryogenic glass powder cream is printed to the edge band frame, wherein upper glass has an edge band frame, lower-glass has two edge band frames, the size of upper glass edge band frame is between two edge band frames of lower-glass, after upper lower-glass closes sheet, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between two edge band frames of lower-glass, and the width of each edge band frame is 1.5mm, highly be 0.7mm; And on upper or lower-glass, print simultaneously upholder, upholder is that minimum unit is the dot matrix arrangement of equilateral triangle, and the leg-of-mutton length of side is 30mm, and upholder is cylindric, its diameter is 0.6mm, highly is 0.8mm that the height of upholder is higher than the height 0.1mm of edge band frame; Secondly two blocks of glass are sent into respectively in the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, in the softening melting of the high temperature action lower seal edge strip frame of 550 ~ 750 ℃ of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatuss and glassy bond together, be down to immediately room temperature, obtain having the upper and lower glass of edge band frame; Again fill low temperature glass solder powder or cream between two edge band frames with lower-glass, and two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together and leave certain space of bleeding, send in the vacuum edge sealing stove; The back vacuumizes, the limit heating, be evacuated to below the 0.1Pa, be warming up to the melt temperature of low temperature glass solder more than 450 ℃, the edge band frame of upper glass embeds under action of gravitation between two edge band frames of lower-glass, the low temperature glass solder of melting with two glass cementations together, stopped heating, lower the temperature with stove, low temperature glass solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, opens fire door and obtains required vacuum glass.
The introducing of edge band frame not only can limit low temperature glass solder and dissolve and randomly flow, make edge sealing neatly good-looking afterwards, and play good supporting role, make low temperature glass solder keep certain thickness, reinforced seal effect, the more important thing is that its Heating temperature is high, with upper lower-glass more reliable bonding is arranged, surface irregularity, have more firmly with low temperature glass solder and to be combined, thereby improve resistance to air loss and the reliability of vacuum glass.In addition, the edge band frame also is the key that single stage method prepares vacuum glass.
Embodiment 2: referring to Fig. 2, two blocks of glass are sheet glass, wherein one or low emissivity glass, on glassly all has an edge band frame at two, its making method is as follows: at first according to the shape of made vacuum glass and one flat plate glass and low emissivity glass of size cutting desired size, carry out edging, chamfering, clean, after the drying, two mould printing technology of utilizing on glass cryogenic glass powder cream is printed to the edge band frame, wherein upper glass has two edge band frames, lower-glass has three edge band frames, the size of upper glass edge band frame is between the edge band frame of lower-glass, after upper lower-glass closes sheet, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, and the width of each edge band frame is 1.5mm, highly be 0.8mm; Secondly two blocks of glass are sent into respectively High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, in the softening melting of the high temperature action lower seal edge strip frame of 550 ~ 750 ℃ of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatuss and glassy bond together, be down to immediately room temperature, obtain having the upper and lower glass of edge band frame; Again fill the brazing metal glass putty or spread tinfoil paper or the tin silk between three edge band frames with lower-glass, and at the upper and lower low temperature glass solder printing upholder that adopts simultaneously on glass, upholder is that minimum unit is the dot matrix arrangement of equilateral triangle, the leg-of-mutton length of side is 50mm, upholder is strip, its length is that 2 mm, width are 0.60mm, highly are 0.5mm, and the upholder of upper lower-glass is orthogonal, and it is crosswise shape that upper lower-glass closes sheet rear support thing overlapping; Two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, and leave bleed-off passage, send in the vacuum edge sealing stove; The back vacuumizes, the limit heating, it is above such as 240 ℃ to be evacuated to 0.1Pa melting temperature following, that be warming up to metallic tin, metallic tin melts, two edge band frames of upper glass embed under action of gravitation between three edge band frames of lower-glass, the metallic tin of melting with two glass cementations together, the upholder of upper and lower glass docks mutually, lays equal stress on to be stacked as crosswise shape; Continue to be warming up to more than 300 ℃, make the upholder sintering curing, high temperature more is conducive to the desorb of glass adsorbed gas, and the gas of desorb can be overflowed by liquid metal tin between the upper lower-glass, thereby makes the vacuum tightness that reaches higher between the lower-glass; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, brazing metal tin hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, opens fire door and obtains required vacuum glass.
Upper lower-glass all has the strip upholder, the upholder vertical pile supports, upper lower-glass still is the some contact by upholder, and contact for line between upholder and the glass, increased contact area, reduced the tension stress of glass in support place, thus the quantity of upholder can be reduced, thus further improve the transparency of glass, heat insulation and sound-proofing properties.Upholder adopts low temperature glass solder to make, and lower sintering temperature is arranged, and makes that it can soften under the edge sealing temperature, sintering, and by means of its slightly high height, upper lower-glass can be bonded together reliably, thereby plays effective supporting role.
Adopt the edge band frame, can be easy to utilize low melting point metal or alloy to realize the solder bonding metal of vacuum glass, because the selectable scope of brazing temperature is very large, so not only can wholely heat glass, reduce the cost of process furnace and simplify production technique, and can decrease edge sealing temperature, shorten heat-up time, thereby reduce production costs, enhance productivity.
This intellecture property of primary enforcement that all are above-mentioned is not set restriction this product innovation of other forms of enforcement and/or novel method.Those skilled in the art will utilize this important information, and foregoing is revised, to realize similar implementation status.But all modifications or transformation belong to the right of reservation based on product innovation of the present invention.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be the restriction of the present invention being made other form, and any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.But every technical solution of the present invention content that do not break away to any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling that above embodiment does, still belongs to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. planar vacuum glass, it is characterized in that, comprise: upper and lower glass, described upper and lower glass is sheet glass, the periphery of the face of weld of described upper glass and described lower-glass all has the edge band frame, the periphery of described upper glass and described lower-glass welds together by solder, forms the vacuum layer of a sealing between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, has in the described vacuum layer to be the upholder that dot matrix is arranged.
2. planar vacuum glass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described planar vacuum glass can also comprise one flat plate glass, described sheet glass is clipped between described upper glass and the described lower-glass, and described upper glass and described lower-glass form respectively the vacuum layer of two sealings with described sheet glass.
3. planar vacuum glass according to claim 1 is characterized in that the periphery of described upper glass face of weld has an edge band frame at least, and the periphery of described lower-glass face of weld has two edge band frames at least.
4. planar vacuum glass according to claim 3 is characterized in that the edge band frame of described upper glass is entrenched between the edge band frame of described lower-glass.
5. planar vacuum glass according to claim 1 is characterized in that described solder comprises low temperature glass solder and low melting point metal or solder.
6. planar vacuum glass according to claim 1 is characterized in that above support adopts mould printing cryogenic glass powder or low temperature glass solder preparation.
7. planar vacuum glass according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is cylindric when on glass that above support only is printed on one; It is strip when on glass that above support is printed on two simultaneously, and vertical pile.
8. planar vacuum glass according to claim 1, its material is cryogenic glass powder when it is characterized in that above support is printed before edge band frame sintering; Its material was low temperature glass solder when above support was printed behind edge band frame sintering.
9. the preparation method of each described planar vacuum glass of claim 1 to 8 is characterized in that it comprises when the material of upholder is cryogenic glass powder:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare edge band frame and upholder, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, edge band frame and upholder are carried out high temperature sintering curing;
The 3rd step, the solder of packing between the edge band frame of the glass that second step is obtained, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave the exhaust-duct between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
10. the preparation method of each described planar vacuum glass of claim 1 to 8 is characterized in that it comprises when the material of upholder is low temperature glass solder:
The first step according to the shape of the planar vacuum glass of required making and two blocks of sheet glass of size cutting desired size, and is carried out edging, chamfering, cleans, drying treatment;
Second step, the face of weld of the glass after two processing utilizes mould printing technology and cryogenic glass powder to prepare the edge band frame, and after guaranteeing upper and lower glass alignment, the edge band frame of upper glass can be embedded between the edge band frame of lower-glass, then after drying, in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus the edge band frame being carried out high temperature sintering solidifies;
The 3rd step, utilize mould printing technology and low temperature glass solder to prepare upholder on the face of weld of the glass that second step is obtained, the solder of packing between the edge band frame on glass, and described two glass consistencies from top to bottom are stacked together, leave the exhaust-duct between two glass, then send in the vacuum edge sealing stove;
The 4th step, to described vacuum edge sealing sole vacuumize, limit heating, be evacuated to 0.1Pa following, be warming up to more than the melt temperature of solder, reach the edge sealing temperature; Solder is melted into liquid, and under the effect of glass self gravitation, upper and lower edge band frame is entrenched togather mutually, and upholder also links together two blocks of glass; Stopped heating, with stove cooling, solder hermetic welds together two blocks of glass, the fire door of opening vacuum edge sealing stove obtains required planar vacuum glass.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104295016A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-01-21 | 戴长虹 | Metal vacuum composite plate with getter and preparation method thereof |
| CN104743896A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-01 | 戴长虹 | Metal-welded sealed plain double-vacuum-layer glass with edges sealed by sealing grooves and manufacturing method thereof |
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| JP2000073667A (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-03-07 | Emoto Kogyo Kk | Double glazing and exchanging method of desiccating agent in double glazing |
| US20020035852A1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-03-28 | Wang Yei-Ping (Mimi) H. | Vacuum IG window unit with edge seal at least partially diffused at temper and completed via microwave curing, and corresponding method of making the same |
| CN1601040A (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-03-30 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | High safe vacuum glass and fabricating method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2000073667A (en) * | 1998-08-31 | 2000-03-07 | Emoto Kogyo Kk | Double glazing and exchanging method of desiccating agent in double glazing |
| US20020035852A1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-03-28 | Wang Yei-Ping (Mimi) H. | Vacuum IG window unit with edge seal at least partially diffused at temper and completed via microwave curing, and corresponding method of making the same |
| CN1601040A (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-03-30 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | High safe vacuum glass and fabricating method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104295016A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-01-21 | 戴长虹 | Metal vacuum composite plate with getter and preparation method thereof |
| CN104743896A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-01 | 戴长虹 | Metal-welded sealed plain double-vacuum-layer glass with edges sealed by sealing grooves and manufacturing method thereof |
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