CN102974754A - Method for preparing casting-use water glass by using casting waste sand - Google Patents
Method for preparing casting-use water glass by using casting waste sand Download PDFInfo
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- CN102974754A CN102974754A CN2011102617746A CN201110261774A CN102974754A CN 102974754 A CN102974754 A CN 102974754A CN 2011102617746 A CN2011102617746 A CN 2011102617746A CN 201110261774 A CN201110261774 A CN 201110261774A CN 102974754 A CN102974754 A CN 102974754A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing casting-use water glass by using casting waste sand. Casting waste sand produced during ester-hardened water glass sand process and soda ash are prepared into sodium silicate and potassium silicate; sodium silicate and potassium silicate mixture particles, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, water, and a modifying agent are mixed according to a ratio requirement; steam with a pressure of 0.6-0.8MPa is delivered in; a temperature is maintained for 1-4h at 158-169 DEG C; and sodium silicate and potassium silicate are dissolved in water; and the mixture is well mixed, such that the casting-use water glass is obtained. A method for carrying our shaping and core-making by using the casting-use water glass as an adhesive comprises the steps that: washed silica sand, artificial silica sand, shaped silica sand, zircon sand, or regenerated old sand thereof are adopted as main raw materials; a CO2 blowing hardening method, an ester hardening method, or the like is adopted as a hardening process. The method provided by the invention has high actual operation performance, and has predictable substantial economic value and social value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Modeling Material technical field of foundry engieering in equipment manufacture, a kind of method of manufacturing casting water glass with cast waste sand is provided especially.
Background technology
Equipment manufacture is the pillar industry of China, and foundry goods is the basic part of equipment manufacture, and within 2010, China's casting output is 3,650 ten thousand tons, and along with the development of equipment manufacture, China's casting output increases year by year, and casting is synchronously increased by the adhesive demand.Casting comprises with adhesive: the inorganic binders such as resinae organic binder, waterglass.The artificial synthetic resin appreciates with material, the energy, and price increases substantially, and the Foundry Production profit is reduced.Use resin binder in Foundry Production, during cast, the resin decomposes discharges toxic and harmful, and contaminated environment has worsened working condition.For avoiding the above-mentioned shortcoming of resin binder, ester Hardening Sodium Silicate self-hardening sand comes out, and the application that puts it over.The waterglass low price, nontoxic, tasteless, be the casting adhesive of current environmental pollution minimum, be cast boundary and be known as the environmental protection shaped material.Produce foundry goods with ester Hardening Sodium Silicate self-hardening sand, pore, crack defect are few, and casting yield is high, the renewable reuse of old sand 80%-90%, now in enterprises such as the Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Metallurgical Industry, heavy mine, universal machines, extensively promote the use of, economic benefit, social benefit are remarkable.But this technique still produces 15 %-20 % antiquated sands, ten thousand tons of foundry goods of every production approximately need 30000 t molding sand, produce 4500-6000 t antiquated sand.This discharge containing the alkali antiquated sand is harmful to ecological environment, and the comprehensive utilization that realizes the waterglass antiquated sand is the technical barrier of promoting ester Hardening Sodium Silicate self-hardening sand always.
Chinese invention patent ZL 200610047215.4 provides the casting adhesive that a kind of main component is waterglass.It is characterized in that this adhesive is to make by sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, NaOH, potassium hydroxide and modifier are compound.Modifier is: one or more of dextrin, sugar, molasses, sodium polyacrylate, sodium phosphate trimer, cellulose, humic acid, sodium humate, xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, sweet mellow wine, ethylene glycol, the third two pure, glycerine, pentaerythrite, diethylene glycol (DEG), dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyglycerol, lithium hydroxide.Wherein sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate are to select high grade quartz ore deposit, ore SiO
2content is greater than 97 %, and its production process is exploitation stone, the fragmentation of crocodile formula, abrasive dust, silica flour and natrium carbonicum calcinatum (or Anhydrous potassium carbonate) mix in proportion, add reverberatory furnace, be melt into sodium metasilicate (or potassium silicate) liquid, stream Water Exit Quench, obtain sodium metasilicate particle (potassium silicate particle).Sodium metasilicate particle, potassium silicate particle, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, modifier, water add rotary drum in proportion, pass into the steam of 0.6-0.8 Mpa, insulation 1-4h, and sodium metasilicate dissolves in water, and other materials mixes, and obtains the casting water glass adhesive.Take the prior art that this patent documentation is representative, every ten thousand tons of sodium silicate solids need quartz sand 7000-7700 t, can produce casting water glass, annually need to consume a large amount of high grade quartz resources.The high grade quartz mineral reserve of China are limited, and the year yield that reduces the high grade quartz ore deposit is the project of vital and lasting importance of the national economic development.
Therefore, people expect to obtain a kind of technique effect and better with cast waste sand, manufacture the method for casting water glass and use this waterglass to carry out the method for moulding and coremaking as binding agent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of technique effect and better with cast waste sand, manufactures the method for casting water glass and use this waterglass to carry out the method for moulding and coremaking as binding agent.
At first the present invention provides a kind of method for preparing casting water glass with cast waste sand, it is characterized in that:
At first, utilize cast waste sand and soda ash to prepare and produce sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate mixture as primary raw material; Described cast waste sand is the antiquated sand that ester hardened sodium silicate sand technique produces, and antiquated sand composition and mass percent thereof meet following requirement: SiO
2: 80-97%, CH
3cOONa:2-11%, CH
3cOOK:0.5-3%, other: surplus.
Then, sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate compound particles, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, water, modifier are proportionally required to mix, pass into the steam of 0.6-0.8MPa, be incubated 1h-4h at the temperature of 158 ℃-169 ℃, sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate dissolve in water, mix and can make casting water glass; Described raw material proportioning and each raw material shared mass percent proportionate relationship in all raw materials for preparing casting water glass meets following requirement: SiO
2: 23-31%, Na
2o:8-21%, K
2o:0.5-17%, modifier: 0.3-10.0%, water: surplus;
Described modifier is following several materials one or a combination set of: dextrin, sugar, molasses, sodium polyacrylate, sodium phosphate trimer, cellulose, humic acid, sodium humate, xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, sweet mellow wine, ethylene glycol, the third two pure, glycerine, pentaerythrite, diethylene glycol (DEG), dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyglycerol, sodium zincate, lithium hydroxide.
The method for preparing casting water glass with cast waste sand of the present invention, also claimed following preferred restriction content:
Utilize cast waste sand and soda ash to prepare the process of producing sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate mixture as primary raw material and meet successively following requirement:
Cast waste sand and soda ash (natrium carbonicum calcinatum) are mixed and add in reverberatory furnace in proportion, and wherein to account for gross mass percentage be 50-80% to cast waste sand, and surplus is soda ash (natrium carbonicum calcinatum);
Burning coal gas or natural gas, be heated to 1400 ± 10 ℃, makes sodium acetate, potassium acetate decomposes, burning in cast waste sand, generates Na
2o, K
2o, CO
2,with
,h
2o; Na
2o, K
2o and soda ash (natrium carbonicum calcinatum) and SiO
2reaction, produce sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, makes the metal oxide containing precious metals Na in antiquated sand
2o, K
2o and SiO
2obtain and recycle simultaneously; Reaction equation and related request are as follows:
2CH
3COO Na+4O
2→Na
2O+3H
2O↑+4C O
2↑
2CH
3COO K+4O
2→K
2O+3H
2O↑+4CO
2↑
m SiO
2+Na
2O→ Na
2O.mSiO
2.
m SiO
2+K
2O→ K
2O.mSiO
2
m SiO
2+Na
2CO
3→ Na
2O.mSiO
2+CO
2↑
m =1.4~4.1
The sodium metasilicate of melting, potassium silicate liquid flow out from the reverberatory furnace outlet, enter the water Quench, can make sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate compound particles.
Modulus of water glass the most frequently used in Foundry Production is: m=1.6~2.8, and the ratio of control cast waste sand and soda ash while manufacturing sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate compound particles, its reaction equation and related request are as follows:
m SiO
2+Na
2O→ Na
2O.mSiO
2.
m SiO
2+K
2O→ K
2O.mSiO
2
m SiO
2+Na
2CO
3→ Na
2O.mSiO
2+CO
2↑
m =1.6~2.8
The modulus of producing like this sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate compound particles during with casting water glass modulus suitable, can reduce the addition of NaOH, potassium hydroxide during manufacture waterglass.
Use casting water glass as mentioned above to carry out the method for moulding and coremaking as binding agent, it is characterized in that:
Adopt washing silica sand, artificial silica sand, Reshaping Silica Sand, zircon sand, forsterite sand, chromite sand.Perhaps the regeneration old sand of above-mentioned these roughing sand is as primary raw material;
The proportioning of sand compound meets following requirement: foundry sand is 99-94%, binding agent 1-6 %; Hardening process adopts one of following method: blow CO
2hardening process, VRH hardening process, organic ester hardening method, microwave heating method, baking hardening method;
At present, what be worthy to be popularized most is waterglass organic ester hardening method, take that to adopt natural washing silica sand be example, and the more suitable proportioning of sand compound is: washing silica sand 96-98.2%, binding agent 1.8-4%, organic ester 0.3-0.5%;
Organic ester adopts the mixture of following one of them or its combination: triacetyl glycerine, two acetoglycerides, glycerol acetate, glycol acetate, diethylene glycol acetate, carbonic ester.
Adopt washing silica sand, artificial silica sand, Reshaping Silica Sand, zircon sand, forsterite sand, chromite sand.When perhaps the regeneration old sand of above-mentioned these roughing sand is as primary raw material, the proportioning of sand compound further preferably meets following requirement: foundry sand 98.5-95%, binding agent is 1.5-5%.
the advantage of this invention is:
1) antiquated sand that ester hardened sodium silicate sand technique is produced is fully utilized, and reduces the discharge of solid waste, is conducive to preserve the ecological environment;
2) antiquated sand replaces the high-quality silica sand, has reduced the production cost of waterglass, reduces the exploitation in high grade quartz ore deposit, saves the silica sand resource;
3) contain Na in antiquated sand
2o has reduced the addition of soda ash while producing sodium metasilicate, has reduced the production cost of sodium metasilicate;
4) contain K in antiquated sand
2o has reduced the addition of KOH while producing modified water glass for casting, has further reduced the waterglass production cost;
5) acetate oxidizing fire, emit suitable heat, saves the part energy;
6) solved the ester hardened sodium silicate sand antiquated sand and recycled problem, made the ester hardened sodium silicate sand technology more perfect.
In terms of existing technologies, the present invention utilizes cast waste sand to prepare casting water glass, saved the use of quartzy mineral reserve, the method of moulding and coremaking is carried out in the use that has simultaneously also proposed to have very strong practical operation performance casting water glass as mentioned above as binding agent, it has expected comparatively significant economic worth and social value.
the specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Adopt the chemical composition of ester hardened sodium silicate sand antiquated sand to be: SiO
2: 82.1%, CH
3cOO Na:11 %, CH
3cOO K:2 .9 %, other: 4.0%.
Soda ash is industrial secondary soda ash, Na
2cO
3content 98.5%.
Reinforced quality proportioning: antiquated sand 60 %; soda ash 40. %; with mixer, mix; add horse shoe flame flower bulb alkali kiln with charger with the charging rate of 35 Kg per minute, use heated by gas, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1380-1420 ℃; furnace charge melts, reaction generates sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate; from discharging opening stream Water Exit Quench, granulation, lifting, dehydration, packing, obtain sodium metasilicate silicon and sour potassium hybrid solid waterglass, its chemical composition is: SiO
2: 66.00 %, Na
2o:29.70 %, K
2o:1.10%, other: surplus.
Be designated as M2.2.
embodiment 2
Adopt the chemical composition of ester hardened sodium silicate sand antiquated sand to be: SiO
2: 90%, CH
3cOO Na:7.0 %, CH
3cOO K:1.8 %, other: 1.2 %.
Soda ash is industrial one-level soda ash, Na
2cO
3content 99 %.
Reinforced quality proportioning: antiquated sand 62.5 %; soda ash 37.5 %; with mixer, mix; add horse shoe flame flower bulb alkali kiln with charger with the charging rate of 35 Kg per minute, with the natural gas heating, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1380-1420 ℃; furnace charge melts, reaction generates sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate; from discharging opening stream Water Exit Quench, granulation, lifting, dehydration, packing, obtain sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass, its chemical composition is: SiO
2: 71.02 %, Na
2o:27.36%, K
2o:0.68 %, other: surplus.Be designated as M2.6.
embodiment 3
Adopt the chemical composition of ester hardened sodium silicate sand antiquated sand to be: SiO
2: 95%, CH
3cOO Na:3.5%, CH
3cOO K:1.0 %, other: 0.5 %.
Soda ash is industrial one-level soda ash, Na
2cO
3content 99%.
Reinforced quality proportioning: antiquated sand 66.2 %; soda ash 33.8 %; with mixer, mix; add horse shoe flame flower bulb alkali kiln with charger with the charging rate of 35 Kg per minute, use heated by gas, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1380-1420 ℃; furnace charge melts, reaction generates sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate; from discharging opening stream Water Exit Quench, granulation, lifting, dehydration, packing, obtain sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass, its chemical composition is: SiO
2: 75.41 %, Na
2o:23.81%, K
2o:0.38%, other: surplus.
Be designated as M3.1.
embodiment 4
Adopt the chemical composition of ester hardened sodium silicate sand antiquated sand to be: SiO
2: 82.2%, CH
3cOO Na:11%, CH
3cOO K:2.9%, other: 3.9%.
Soda ash is industrial secondary soda ash, Na
2cO
3content 98.5%.
Reinforced quality proportioning: antiquated sand 78 %; soda ash 22 %; with mixer, mix; add horse shoe flame flower bulb alkali kiln with charger with the charging rate of 35 Kg per minute, use heated by gas, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1380-1420 ℃; furnace charge melts, reaction generates sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate; from discharging opening stream Water Exit Quench, granulation, lifting, dehydration, packing, obtain sodium metasilicate silicon and sour potassium hybrid solid waterglass, its chemical composition is: SiO
2: 78.0%, Na
2o:19.65%, K
2o:1.32%, other: surplus.Be designated as M4.0
embodiment 5
Adopt the chemical composition of ester hardened sodium silicate sand antiquated sand to be: SiO
2: 90%, CH
3cOO Na:7.0%, CH
3cOO K:1.8 %, other: 1.2%.
Soda ash is industrial one-level soda ash, Na
2cO
3content 99 %.
Reinforced quality proportioning: antiquated sand 50 %; soda ash 50 %; with mixer, mix; add horse shoe flame flower bulb alkali kiln with charger with the charging rate of 35 Kg per minute, with the natural gas heating, Control for Kiln Temperature is at 1380-1420 ℃; furnace charge melts, reaction generates sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate; from discharging opening stream Water Exit Quench, granulation, lifting, dehydration, packing, obtain sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass, its chemical composition is: SiO
2: 58.14%, Na
2o:41.01%, K
2o:0.56%, other: surplus.Be designated as M1.4.
embodiment 6
Sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass (M2.2) 600kg that embodiment 1 is made, sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass (M2.6) 200 kg that embodiment 2 is made, sodium metasilicate silicon and sour potassium hybrid solid waterglass (M3.1) 200 kg that embodiment 3 is made, the potassium hydroxide 44.5kg of potassium oxide content 75%, the NaOH 1.0kg of sodium oxide content 73.6%, xylitol 100kg, sorbierite 120kg and water 1335 add the high pressure rotary drum, pass through steam, slowly be warmed up to 168 ℃, be incubated 2h between 158 ℃-169 ℃, put into basin, precipitation 72h, primary water glass is emitted, be Compound Water glass S
1, and list it in table 1.
Its chemical analysis mass percent is: SiO
2: 26.83%, Na
2o: 10.93%, K
2o: 1.66%, modifier: 8.60%, water: surplus.
embodiment 7
Sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass (M2.2) 500kg that embodiment 1 is made, sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass (M2.6) 500kg that embodiment 2 makes, xylitol 100 kg, sorbierite 50kg and water 1195 kg add the high pressure rotary drum, pass through steam, slowly be warmed up to 168 ℃, be incubated 2h between 158 ℃-169 ℃, put into basin, precipitation 72h, primary water glass is emitted, be Compound Water glass S
2, and list it in table 1.Its chemical analysis mass percent is: SiO
2: 30.78%, Na
2o: 12.41%, K
2o: 0.45%, modifier: 4.35%, water: surplus.
embodiment 8
Sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass (M2.2) 800kg that embodiment 1 is made, the potassium hydroxide 10kg of potassium oxide content 75%, the NaOH 260kg of sodium oxide content 73.6%, xylitol 30kg, sorbierite 20kg and water 1140 add the high pressure rotary drum, pass into steam, slowly be warmed up to 168 ℃, be incubated 2h between 158 ℃-169 ℃, put into basin, precipitation 72h, primary water glass is emitted, be Compound Water glass S
3, and list it in table 1.Its chemical analysis mass percent is: SiO
2: 24.94%, Na
2o:20.22%, K
2o:0.77%, modifier: 2.36%, water: surplus.
embodiment 9:sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass (M3.1) 780kg that embodiment 3 is made, the potassium hydroxide 520kg of potassium oxide content 75%,, wood sugar xylitol 20 kg, sorbierite 30kg and water 1318 kg add the high pressure rotary drum, pass through steam, slowly be warmed up to 168 ℃, be incubated 2h between 158 ℃-169 ℃, put into basin, precipitation 72h, primary water glass is emitted, be Compound Water glass S
4, and list it in table 1.Its chemical analysis and mass percent thereof are: SiO
2: 23.19%, Na
2o:7.33%, K
2o:15.50%, modifier: 1.97%, water: surplus.
embodiment 10:sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass (M4.0) 800kg that embodiment 4 is made, sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate hybrid solid waterglass (M1.4) 200kg that embodiment 5 makes, xylitol 30 kg, sorbierite 20kg and water 1097kg add the high pressure rotary drum, pass through steam, slowly be warmed up to 168 ℃, be incubated 2h between 158 ℃-169 ℃, put into basin, precipitation 72h, primary water glass is emitted, be Compound Water glass S
5, and list it in table 1.
Its chemical analysis mass percent is: SiO
2: 33.88%, Na
2o:10.86%, K
2o:0.54%, modifier: 2.29%, water: surplus.
Table 1 chemical composition forms and the mass percentage content list
embodiment 11
1000g is detected to binding agent and add in SHY type blade mixer with normal sand, add glyceryl triacetate 4g to mix 2min, add Compound Water glass S in the embodiment of the present invention 6
1the mixed 1.5min of 30g shakes out, and (it is 5 that the sample throat area amasss to make standard " 8 " type sample with standard method
* 5
㎝
2) SWY type hydraulic universal strength-testing machine for sample placement different time, test sample tensile strength, molding sand proportion and intensity are in Table 2.
embodiment 12-16: use S
2, S
3, S
4, S
5do experiment respectively, test method is with reference to embodiment 11, and sand compound composition and proportioning be in Table 2, and lists result of the test in table 2.
embodiment 17:1000g is detected to binding agent and add in SHY type blade mixer with normal sand, add Compound Water glass S in the embodiment of the present invention 6
1the mixed 2.0min of 50g shakes out, and (it is 5 that the sample throat area amasss to make standard " 8 " type sample with standard method
* 5
㎝
2) sample, be placed in blowing mould and blow CO
2sWY type hydraulic universal strength-testing machine for the 30s different time, test sample tensile strength, intensity level are in Table 3.
Table 2 sand compound composition and proportioning (25 ℃ of temperature, RH60%)
Table 3 sample tensile strength (25 ℃ of temperature, RH60%)
Claims (3)
1. a method for preparing casting water glass with cast waste sand is characterized in that:
At first, utilize cast waste sand and soda ash to prepare and produce sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate mixture as primary raw material; Described cast waste sand is the antiquated sand that ester hardened sodium silicate sand technique produces, and antiquated sand composition and mass percent thereof meet following requirement: SiO
2: 80-97%, CH
3cOONa:2-11%, CH
3cOOK:0.5-3%, other: surplus;
Then, sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate compound particles, NaOH, potassium hydroxide, water, modifier are proportionally required to mix, pass into the steam of 0.6-0.8MPa, be incubated 1h-4h at the temperature of 158 ℃-169 ℃, sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate dissolve in water, mix and can make casting water glass; Described raw material proportioning and each raw material shared mass percent proportionate relationship in all raw materials for preparing casting water glass meets following requirement: SiO
2: 23-31%, Na
2o:8-21%, K
2o:0.5-17%, modifier: 0.3-10.0%, water: surplus;
Described modifier is following several materials one or a combination set of: dextrin, sugar, molasses, sodium polyacrylate, sodium phosphate trimer, cellulose, humic acid, sodium humate, xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, sweet mellow wine, ethylene glycol, the third two pure, glycerine, pentaerythrite, diethylene glycol (DEG), dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyglycerol, sodium zincate, lithium hydroxide.
2. according to the described method for preparing casting water glass with cast waste sand of claim 1, it is characterized in that: utilize cast waste sand and soda ash to prepare the process of producing sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate mixture as primary raw material and meet successively following requirement:
Cast waste sand and soda ash are mixed in proportion and adds in reverberatory furnace, and wherein to account for gross mass percentage be 50-80% to cast waste sand, and surplus is soda ash;
Burning coal gas or natural gas, be heated to 1400 ± 10 ℃, makes sodium acetate, potassium acetate decomposes, burning in cast waste sand, generates Na
2o, K
2o, CO
2,with
,h
2o; Na
2o, K
2o and soda ash (natrium carbonicum calcinatum) and SiO
2reaction, produce sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, makes the metal oxide containing precious metals Na in antiquated sand
2o, K
2o and SiO
2obtain and recycle simultaneously; Reaction equation and related request are as follows:
2CH
3COO Na+4O
2→Na
2O+3H
2O↑+4CO
2↑
2CH
3COO K+4O
2→K
2O+3H
2O↑+4CO
2↑
m SiO
2+Na
2O→ Na
2O.mSiO
2.
m SiO
2+K
2O→ K
2O.mSiO
2
m SiO
2+Na
2CO
3→ Na
2O.mSiO
2+CO
2↑
m =1.4~4.1
The sodium metasilicate of melting, potassium silicate liquid flow out from the reverberatory furnace outlet, enter the water Quench, can make sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate compound particles.
3. according to the described method for preparing casting water glass with cast waste sand of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that:
m SiO
2+Na
2O→ Na
2O.mSiO
2.
m SiO
2+K
2O→ K
2O.mSiO
2
m SiO
2+Na
2CO
3→ Na
2O.mSiO
2+CO
2↑
m =1.6~2.8
The sodium metasilicate of melting, potassium silicate liquid flow out from the reverberatory furnace outlet, enter the water Quench, can make sodium metasilicate and potassium silicate compound particles.
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