CN102964409B - 游霉素的稳定针形晶体 - Google Patents
游霉素的稳定针形晶体 Download PDFInfo
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- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
- A23B2/725—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G9/36—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins
- A23G9/366—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins containing vitamins, antibiotics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
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- C07H17/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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Abstract
本发明描述了游霉素的稳定针形晶体。本发明还涉及包含所述游霉素的稳定针形晶体的组合物或产品,以及所述游霉素的稳定针形晶体用于保护产品抵挡真菌的用途。
Description
本申请是中国发明专利权申请200580037364.6的分案申请,母案申请日为2005年10月27日,题目为“游霉素的稳定针形晶体”。
本发明涉及游霉素(natamycin)。游霉素被用于预防霉菌在奶酪和香肠上的生长已超过20年。通过浸泡于游霉素在水中的悬浮液或者通过用含游霉素的聚合物(多数情况下是聚乙酸乙烯酯)水乳液来覆盖,对奶酪进行处理。主要通过用游霉素在水中的悬浮液进行喷雾涂布或浸泡来处理香肠。通常,用于浸泡处理的水悬浮液含有0.1至0.2%(w/v)的游霉素,而用于涂布目的的聚合物乳液含有0.01至0.05%(w/v)的游霉素。
为生产此类悬浮液或聚合物乳液,可以将游霉素作为粉末直接加入到液体中,例如通过使用商品名为Instant的已知的可润湿粉末组合物来进行。在将游霉素加入到将用于处理的液体之前,通常制备游霉素在水中的经浓缩预悬浮液,来代替原样使用粉末。制备预悬浮液的目的是避免结块形成,以及协助游霉素在处理液体中的均质化。大多数情况下,制备用于处理食物的悬浮液的这些方法是足够的。但是,当不得不制备具有变化的游霉素浓度的若干种悬浮液时,或需要在更长的时间内生产大数量的若干部分时,上述方法就不太方便了。
当游霉素作为粉末加入到处理制剂中时,必须对每种类型的悬浮液都进行繁琐的粉末称重,这加大了可能存在的麻烦的可能性。
当使用水中的预悬浮液来避免不精确的剂量时,必须对预悬浮液持续搅动,以防止游霉素沉底,或者必须将预悬浮液整体加入到处理制剂中。
游霉素的水性悬浮液是实践中公知的。游霉素的灭菌悬浮液可以以的商品名,作为在最大100ml的小瓶中的1%或2.5%的悬浮液的形式通过商业途径获得。主要用于医药用途。为使这些悬浮液保持适合作为多剂量形式,通过使用苯甲烷铵氯(一种季铵型的防腐剂)来保存悬浮液。因为固体游霉素在贮藏期间会沉淀,每次使用之前必须对悬浮液进行很好的振荡。
如上文所述,存在于悬浮液(以及预悬浮液)中的游霉素容易沉底,在容器底部形成沉淀。当没有对悬浮液持续搅动的情况下,将在底部形成沉淀,这很难回复到悬浮的状态。
本发明的目的是提供不会很快沉底和/或易于重新悬浮的游霉素。
发明详述
本发明提供了游霉素晶体的新形式,其为针形。根据第一个方面,本发明涉及包含针形晶体的游霉素。本发明的针形晶体特别适用于在悬浮液中使用。本发明的晶体的沉淀较之具有其它晶体类型的其它类型的游霉素更易于回复到悬浮状态。根据本发明的游霉素晶体具有针形或圆柱形的形式。优选地,本发明的游霉素包含至少90%w/w(基于无水)的下文所定义的针形晶体。更优选地,至少95%的针形晶体,进一步更优选地,至少95%,最优选地,至少98%。
针形晶体的平均长度通常为0.1至20μm之间。优选地,具有针形的晶体具有大于2μm的长度,更优选地,具有大于4μm的长度,最优选地,具有大于6μm的长度。优选地,针形晶体的平均直径在0.1至2μm之间,更优选地,小于1.5μm,最优选地,小于1.0μm长。“长度”和“直径”表示用(Olympus)显微镜(BH-2型),使用的总放大倍数为1000倍的情况下测量出来的长度和直径,其中,长度是晶体的最大长度,直径是在长度中间垂直于长度的方向测量的晶体的厚度的大小。平均长度和平均直径都是通过对至少100个晶体进行测量来确定的。游霉素的针形晶体形式不同于游霉素目前已知的形式。已知的游霉素晶体通常具有板状形式。板状表示下述形式,其中长度和宽度为同一尺寸级别,并且通常大于板状晶体厚度的10倍。
虽然游霉素的板状和针形晶体具有完全不同的形式,但这两者的晶格却是相同的。该晶格通常被称为Alpha-游霉素。本发明优选涉及Alpha-游霉素的针形晶体。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种方法,用于生产本发明的针形晶体。在该方法的第一个步骤中,将游霉素溶解于水溶液中。该溶液包含至少80wt%,优选至少90wt%,更优选至少95wt%,进一步更优选至少98%,优选至少99wt%的水作为溶剂。虽然在中性pH下游霉素将很难溶于水,但是在低pH,例如在低于4.0的pH,优选1.0至3.0之间的pH,或者在高pH,例如高于10.0的pH,优选10.0至14.0之间的pH下,游霉素将易于溶于水。优选地,游霉素在10至14范围内的pH下溶解,更优选地,11至13之间范围内的pH下。通常,使用纯度超过90wt%(包括水合物)的游霉素,优选地,使用95%纯度的。我们发现,低纯度的游霉素也能用于本发明的方法。
通常,游霉素溶液含有1至300g/l的游霉素,优选地,5至200g/l,最优选地,10至100g/l的游霉素。获得溶解的游霉素溶液后,将pH调为中性。通常,pH被调至4至10范围内的pH,优选地,5至9范围内的pH,更优选地,6至8范围内的pH。降低pH例如可用HCl来进行。增加pH例如可用NaOH来进行。但是其它合适的酸或碱也可用于本发明的方法。
在pH中性化期间,形成根据本发明的晶体。在加入酸或碱期间,优选对液体进行搅拌,以防止产生局部pH差异。典型地,向溶解的游霉素溶液中加入酸或碱以在中性pH下形成游霉素悬浮液将需要5至50分钟,优选地,10至30分钟。我们注意到,更短的时间,例如1分钟,将不能总是产生针形,而是或多或少的小块状游霉素,这可能是由于局部pH变化导致的。超过1小时的时间是可行的,也可形成合适的针形,但更长的时间经济上吸引力更小。溶液或悬浮液温度通常保持在5℃至35℃之间,优选地,15℃至25℃之间。结晶的针形可被干燥或原样使用。优选地,晶体和液相不分离,而是作为悬浮液使用或贮藏。根据本发明的方法,优选地,用于本发明方法的溶剂包含至少90wt%的水。更优选地,溶剂包含至少95wt%的水,进一步更优选地,至少98wt%的水,进一步更优选地,至少99wt%的水,最优选地,100%的水。形成的针形优选包含少于5ppm的非水溶剂,更优选地,少于1ppm。优选地,晶体含有少于5ppm的醇,例如,甲醇,更优选地少于1ppm的醇,例如甲醇。
上文提到,优选地,使用高于90wt%纯度的游霉素。该wt%包括游霉素的水合物和金属盐形式。该wt%纯度基于对游霉素发酵或回收或纯化之后获得的化合物,加入的其它化合物不包括在该计算之内。例如,当售卖出还包括50%填料(例如乳酸)的50%游霉素产品时,该填料不包括在纯度数值内。
如上文所讨论的,本发明的针形晶体可以容易地回复到悬浮状态,而无需专门的搅拌或振荡。针形晶体的另一个好处是该晶体形式是稳定的。例如,我们发现,针形晶体悬浮液在10℃贮藏6个月后,悬浮液仍含有具有同样平均长度的针形晶体。
本发明的晶体的另一惊人效果是:当悬浮液应用到将被悬浮液涂布的表面时,游霉素晶体的表面分布有所改进,因为特殊的针形晶体较之板状晶体而言,局部浓度(微米级的)更为均匀。
本发明的游霉素和包含本发明游霉素的任何组合物可用在食物产品、农业产品、化妆品产品或药物产品中的任何类型的应用。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及包含本发明游霉素的组合物。该组合物可以是液体组合物、涂布用乳液、干制剂(例如粉末、颗粒或片剂)。
液体组合物中游霉素的量可以在0.001%至2%w/w。优选地,该量为0.01%至1%w/w。优选地,液体组合物用于浸泡处理或喷雾处理。原则上,浸泡液体可以是任何类型的。当使用水性体系时,表面活性剂的加入可能是有好处的,特别是用于处理具有疏水表面的物体时。
在根据本发明的涂布用乳液中,游霉素的量可为0.001%至2%w/w,优选地,0.01%至1%w/w,更优选地,0.01%至0.5%w/w。涂布用乳液可以是o/w或w/o类型的。特别优选的是从通常用于食品工业的涂布用乳液制备的乳液。例如,为处理硬奶酪,可使用聚乙酸乙烯酯的水性聚合物乳液。
在根据本发明的干制剂中,游霉素的量可以是1%至95%w/w,优选地,10%至70%w/w,更优选地,30%至55%w/w。
包含游霉素的组合物可在加工的任何时刻或步骤加到待处理的产品上。可在包装之前,将组合物加入进最终产品,可在加工期间加入,或加入用于制备产品的任何成分中。本发明的优点是其允许生产出具有低浓度抗微生物剂的、微生物方面稳定及安全的产品。该新型组合物可被用于在所有种类的产品中保持微生物安全性和/或稳定性。优选地,产品是食物产品,例如奶制品,奶甜品,例如冰淇淋混合物、酸奶或村舍奶酪(cottagecheese)、乳清干酪(ricotta)、奶油奶酪、酸奶油(sour cream)。其它优选的食物产品是热烘焙的面粉制品、涂抹酱、植物黄油、调味汁(sauce)、调味酱料(dressing)和在环境温度及冷冻温度下配送的任何其它食品。其它优选的食物产品是饮料,例如果汁、葡萄酒。优选的食物产品具有pH 2.0至pH 7.0范围内的pH。将本发明的包含游霉素的组合物加入到食物产品中还被预计能减少或完全消除产品加工结束(包括分装)和商业售卖之间的时间段内霉菌、酵母和细菌在食物产品上的生长。该时间段随着食品种类、配送和售卖条件而变动。优选地,待处理的产品是这样的:在对其加工末尾和/或之后,(如果分装的话)其表面将与氧接触的产品。
根据另一种优选的实施方式,包含本发明的游霉素的组合物是适合用于处理农业产品(例如水果、蔬菜和种子)的组合物。优选的水果是柑橘类水果、香蕉、菠萝、草莓等。
根据另一种优选的实施方式,包含本发明的游霉素的组合物是适合局部应用的药物制剂。合适的药物制剂的例子是洗剂(lotion)、霜剂(cream)和膏剂(ointment)。
根据另一种优选的实施方式,本发明的包含游霉素的抗微生物组合物具有pH 2.0至pH 7.0范围内的pH,更优选地,3.0至5.0。根据另一种优选的实施方式,本发明的抗微生物组合物还包含水和/或盐和/或选自溶剂、表面活性剂、载体、食品酸(food acid)、增稠剂、任何其它食品级抗微生物化合物构成的组的任何组分。优选的溶剂、表面活性剂和载体在WO 95/08918中已描述过。优选的载体是煅烧型二氧化硅(fumedsilica)。优选的溶剂是包含一种或多种低级醇(C1-C4)的醇性溶剂,水性酸,水性碱,冰醋酸或者包含一种或多种低级醇的醇性溶剂与水性酸、水性碱或冰醋酸的混合物。优选的表面活性剂是十二烷基硫酸钠、硫代丁二酸二辛酯、氯化钙或非离子型的表面活性剂,例如作为Tween、Span、Brij和Myrj的商品名已知的那些。优选的增稠剂可以是本领域已知用于食物产品的任何增稠剂。优选的增稠剂是羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)和/或树胶(gum),和/或角叉菜胶,和/或甲基纤维素。优选的树胶是黄原胶和/或结冷胶和/或阿拉伯胶,如US 5,962,510或US 5,552,151所述。优选的食品酸是有机酸性抗真菌试剂,例如苯甲酸、丙酸或山梨酸或其它酸,例如乙酸或乳酸,如EP 608 944 B1所述。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了已用本发明的游霉素或用包括本发明游霉素的本发明的组合物处理过的产品。
根据另一种优选的实施方式,产品是含水的产品,例如,食物产品,其包含本发明的游霉素或包括游霉素的本发明的组合物。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了本发明的游霉素用于获得下述产品(例如食物产品)的用途,所述产品包含包括游霉素的本发明的组合物。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种方法,用于用本发明的游霉素或者包括本发明游霉素的本发明的组合物去处理产品,例如食物产品。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及一种方法,用于保护产品抵挡真菌破坏,这是通过应用本发明的游霉素或者包括本发明游霉素的本发明的组合物来实现的。
在游霉素加入到产品中之前、期间或之后,还可以向产品中加入其它成分,例如着色剂、texturals等。
现在将通过实施例来进一步阐述本发明,实施例不应被理解为会限制本发明的范围。
实施例
材料和方法
材料
含有50%活性(w/w)游霉素的DSM Food Specialities,(P.O.Box 1,2600MA,Delft,The Netherlands)。
氢氯酸,购自Gaches Chimie France,(31750 Escalquens,France)。氢氧化钠,购自Gaches Chimie France,(31750 Escalquens,France)。
实施例1
本实施例描述了一种方法,用于制备具有针形晶体的游霉素的浓缩物分散体系,所述体系适于用作为试验材料,以与标准的游霉素晶体直接比较。
通过将150克悬浮于4000克水中,同时用装备有rushton搅拌器的电动顶部搅拌器(型号RW 20DZM,来自Janke & Kunkel)进行搅拌来制备游霉素的悬浮液。搅拌的同时,加入600ml 4M NaOH溶液,至最终pH为±12,得到清澈透明的黄色液体。获得清澈的液体之后,立即在20分钟的时间内加入600ml 4M HCl,至最终pH为6.5。加入HCl期间,出现烟雾状,最终液体变为非常粘稠的悬浮液。
该悬浮液被用作为用于下述其它实施例的起始材料。我们已经发现,使用蒸馏水或自来水(Delft,Holland或St.Clar(近Toulouse)France)不会影响到针的形成。
实施例2
本实施例描述了用于制备具有针形晶体的游霉素的浓缩物分散体系的另一种方法。通过将150克悬浮于4000克水中,同时用装备有rushton搅拌器的电动顶部搅拌器(型号RW 20 DZM,来自Janke &Kunkel)进行搅拌来制备游霉素的悬浮液。搅拌的同时,加入4M HCl,至最终pH为0.8,得到清澈透明的黄色液体。获得清澈的液体之后,立即缓慢加入4M NaOH,至最终pH为±6.5。加入NaOH期间,出现烟雾状,最终液体变为非常粘稠的悬浮液。获得的晶体与实施例1获得的晶体具有相似的性质。
实施例3
本实施例描述了用于分析在若干种组分的基于水的混合物中活性游霉素含量的方法。
所用的方法是HPLC分析,其基于International Dairy Federation(Provisional IDF Standard 140,1992),使用Lichrosorb RP 8柱。
采用20μl注射体积,0.1-4mg/L的范围,在303nm UV进行探测。样品制备按照下文所述进行:在测量瓶中,以1mg的精确度,称出2g的制备好的制剂。加入4ml去矿物质水(去矿水),对混合物进行15分钟的搅拌,以获得均质悬浮液。随后,加入80ml乙醇,对混合物进行10分钟搅拌。超声波处理后,用去矿物质水将溶液定容至100ml,然后在注射之前稀释和/或过滤(0.2μm)。针对一系列标准样,活性游霉素的量被计算为ppm。
实施例4
本实施例描述了用于分析沉淀差异的试验。将1.5克加入到998.5克自来水中,通过装备有rushton搅拌器的电动顶部搅拌器(型号RW 20 DZM,来自Janke & Kunkel)良好分散。
将根据实施例1制备的1.5克与自来水混合,至最终重量为1000克,混合通过装备有rushton搅拌器的电动顶部搅拌器(型号RW 20DZM,来自Janke & Kunkel)来进行。
将两种均质混合物都倒进玻璃试管,观察随着时间变化的分层现象。
结果示于表1中。
表1
时间(分钟) | 标准游霉素 | 重新结晶的游霉素 |
0 | 均质 | 均质 |
40 | 观察到开始分层 | 均质 |
60 | 观察到两层 | 均质 |
110 | 沉淀形成 | 均质 |
180 | 沉淀形成 | 均质 |
4320 | 沉淀和清澈的上层 | 观察到开始分层 |
实施例5
本实施例描述了用于分析沉淀的游霉素在低粘稠分散体系中重新悬浮能力的试验。将1.5克加入到998.5克自来水中,通过装备有rushton搅拌器的电动顶部搅拌器(型号RW 20DZM,来自Janke &Kunkel)良好分散。将根据实施例1制备的等量于1.5克的量的悬浮液与自来水混合,至最终重量为1000克,混合通过装备有rushton搅拌器的电动顶部搅拌器(型号RW 20 DZM,来自Janke & Kunkel)来进行。将两种均质混合物都倒进玻璃试管,不触动放置26天。26天后,将试管回转一次,观察到,重新结晶的游霉素的沉淀几乎完全重新悬浮,而标准游霉素的沉淀保持为固体沉淀。
实施例6
本实施例描述了重新结晶的游霉素的稳定性,按照实施例1制备游霉素分散体系,接着进行随时间的稳定性试验。
游霉素的剩余活性展示于表2中。
表2
孵育时间(月) | 发现的游霉素活性(%) |
0 | 100 |
1 | 100 |
2 | 99 |
4 | 100 |
6 | 98 |
重新结晶的游霉素的稳定性在至少六个月期间都非常高。
Claims (18)
1.游霉素晶体,所述晶体的至少90%w/w为针形晶体,所述针形晶体的平均长度为0.1至20μm之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的游霉素晶体,其中,所述晶体的至少95%w/w为针形晶体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的游霉素晶体,其中,所述晶体的至至少98%w/w为针形晶体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的游霉素晶体,其中,所述针形晶体的60%具有大于或等于2μm的长度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的游霉素晶体,其中,所述针形晶体的平均直径为0.1至2μm之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的游霉素晶体,其中,所述针形晶体的60%具有小于2μm的直径。
7.根据权利要求1所述的游霉素晶体,其中,所述游霉素是α-游霉素。
8.包含根据权利要求1所述的游霉素晶体的组合物。
9.根据权利要求8的组合物,其中所述组合物是液体组合物、涂布用乳液或干制剂。
10.根据权利要求7的组合物,其中,所述组合物具有2.0至7.0范围内的pH。
11.根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物还包含选自溶剂、盐、表面活性剂、载体、食品酸、增稠剂和任何其它食品级抗微生物化合物构成的组的组分。
12.根据权利要求9所述的组合物,其中,所述组合物是干制剂并且所述干制剂选自粉末、颗粒和片剂。
13.一种产品,其包含权利要求1所述的游霉素或权利要求8所述的组合物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的产品,其中,所述产品选自食物产品、农业产品、化妆品产品和药物产品构成的组。
15.一种用于保护产品抵挡真菌的破坏的方法,所述方法通过向所述产品施予权利要求1所述的游霉素或权利要求8所述的组合物来进行。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中,所述产品是食物产品或农业产品。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述所述产品是食物产品且所述食物产品选自奶制品、热烘焙的面粉制品、涂抹酱、植物黄油、调味汁、调味酱料、果汁和葡萄酒。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中,所述产品是农业产品且所述农业产品选自水果、蔬菜和种子。
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EP1846566B1 (en) | 2013-04-03 |
EP2374897B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
US20080139487A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
AU2010241327B2 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
CN102964409A (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
AU2010241327A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
WO2006045831A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
AU2005298640A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
ES2416330T3 (es) | 2013-07-31 |
CN101048510A (zh) | 2007-10-03 |
US9096633B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
US20100204168A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
PL1846566T3 (pl) | 2013-08-30 |
US20110059914A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
US9615581B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
DK1846566T3 (da) | 2013-07-01 |
CN103435668A (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
CN101048510B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
AU2005298640B2 (en) | 2010-10-28 |
EP1846566A1 (en) | 2007-10-24 |
AR051470A1 (es) | 2007-01-17 |
US20150264931A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
EP2374897A1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
US7727966B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
US8420609B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
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