CN102941002B - Two-tower two-stage CO2 adsorption capture system with heat recovery device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-tower two-stage CO2 adsorbing and capturing system with a heat recovery device, relating to a CO2 adsorbing and capturing system. The system is used for solving the problems of high temperature and low CO2 concentration of the conventional flue gas. A high temperature flue gas pipe is communicated with one end of a normal temperature flue gas pipe through a heat exchanger; the normal temperature flue gas pipe is communicated with a third valve and a valve III respectively; the third valve is communicated with a flue gas inlet of a first tower; the valve III is communicated with the flue gas inlet of a second tower; a gas outlet of a buffer tank is communicated with the inlet end of a seventh valve; the outlet ends of the seventh valve are respectively communicated with a second valve through a valve II; the valve II is communicated with the flue gas inlet of a second tower; the second valve is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the first tower; the second gas outlet of the buffer tank is communicated with the gas inlet of a ninth valve; the gas outlet of the ninth valve is communicated with the ninth valve and a valve IX respectively; the ninth valve is communicated with the gas inlet of a third tower; and the valve IX is communicated with the gas inlet of a fourth tower. The double-tower two-stage CO2 adsorbing and capturing system is used for adsorbing and capturing CO2.

Description

Two-tower two-stage CO2 adsorption capture system with heat recovery device

technical field

The present invention relates to a _CO2 adsorption capture system.

Background technique

With the sharp increase in the consumption of oil, coal and natural gas, air pollution is becoming more and more serious. The greenhouse effect caused by excessive carbon dioxide gas emission has become a serious world problem. Thermal power plants are a concentrated source of _CO2 emissions, and their CO2 emissions account for about 30% of the total _CO2 emissions from human activities. Therefore, in order to reduce _CO2 emissions, a number of _CO2 separation methods for existing power plants have been developed. , Recovery measures, our purpose is to study the technology of separation and recovery of CO2 which is economical and easy for large-scale industrial application, among which carbon dioxide capture and storage technology is a promising new method to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The biggest obstacle to carbon dioxide capture technology is its high cost, accounting for 75% of the total cost of carbon dioxide capture and storage technology. Therefore, it is of practical significance to research and develop _CO2 capture technology with low cost and low energy consumption.

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology is to use the difference in the adsorption characteristics of gas components on solid materials and the characteristics of the adsorption amount changing with the change of pressure, and realize the separation or purification of gas through the process of periodic pressure change. . the

At present, the research results of adsorption and capture of CO2 in flue gas generally have high energy consumption and low recovery efficiency, and are still in the experimental and exploration stage at home and abroad. In today's environment of controlling global climate change, improve the selective adsorption capacity of adsorbents for CO2 in flue gas at low pressure, speed up the processing rate of the adsorption system, change the desorption process, reduce energy consumption, increase the recovery rate of CO2, and extend to Engineering application is an urgent problem to be solved at present. the

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a double-tower two-stage CO2 adsorption and capture system with a heat recovery device to solve the problems of high temperature of flue gas and low concentration of CO2. the

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is: the system includes a high temperature flue gas pipe, a heat exchanger, a normal temperature flue gas pipe, a first tower, a second tower, a first water outlet pipe, a buffer tank, a cold water pipe, The third tower, the fourth tower, the normal temperature water pipe, the high temperature water pipe, the first vacuum pump, the second outlet pipe, the second vacuum pump, the gas collection tank, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, the fourth valve, the fifth valve , sixth valve, seventh valve, eighth valve, ninth valve, tenth valve, eleventh valve, twelfth valve, thirteenth valve, fourteenth valve, valve one, valve two, valve three, Valve four, valve five, valve six, valve seven, valve eight, valve nine, valve ten, valve eleven, valve twelve, valve thirteen, valve fourteen, first valve, second valve, third valve, third valve Four valves, fifth valves, sixth valves, seventh valves, eighth valves, ninth valves, tenth valves, eleventh valves, twelfth valves, thirteenth valves and fourteenth valves, third valves After being connected in series with the first vacuum pump, it is connected in parallel with the fourth valve to form a valve group,

The high-temperature flue gas pipe is connected to one end of the normal-temperature flue gas pipe through a heat exchanger, and the normal-temperature flue gas pipe is respectively connected to the third valve and valve three, the third valve is connected to the flue gas inlet of the first tower, and the valve three is connected to the second tower The flue gas inlet is connected;

The top of the first tower is respectively provided with a first exhaust pipe and a first row of CO2 pipes, the first exhaust pipe is provided with a fifth valve, and the outlet of the first tower communicates with one end of the first outlet pipe through the first valve , the first outlet pipe is provided with a second valve, the first row of CO2 pipes is provided with a fourth valve, and the outlet end of the fourth valve communicates with the inlet end of the valve group;

The top of the second tower is respectively provided with a second exhaust pipe and a second row of CO2 pipes, the second exhaust pipe is provided with a valve five, the water outlet of the second tower communicates with one end of the first water outlet pipe through the valve one, and the second exhaust pipe is connected with one end of the first water outlet pipe. There is a valve four on the second row of CO2 pipes, the outlet end of the valve four is connected with the inlet end of the valve group, and the outlet end of the valve group is connected with the first air inlet of the buffer tank through the tenth valve;

The inlet end of the seventh valve of the gas outlet of the buffer tank is connected, and the outlet end of the seventh valve is respectively connected through the second valve and the second valve. Flue gas inlet connection;

The cold water pipe is connected with the seventh valve, valve seven, fourteenth valve and valve fourteen respectively, the seventh valve is connected with the water inlet of the first tower, the valve seven is connected with the water inlet of the second tower, and the fourteenth valve is connected with the water inlet of the second tower. The water inlet of the three towers is connected, and the valve fourteen is connected with the water inlet of the fourth tower;

The normal-temperature water pipe communicates with one end of the high-temperature water pipe through a heat exchanger. The high-temperature water pipe is provided with a first valve, and the outlet of the first valve is respectively connected with the sixth valve, valve six, thirteenth valve, and valve thirteen. The sixth valve It is connected with the water inlet of the first tower, the valve six is connected with the water inlet of the second tower, the thirteenth valve is connected with the water inlet of the third tower, and the valve thirteen is connected with the water inlet of the fourth tower;

The first gas outlet of the buffer tank is connected with the gas inlet of the eighth valve, the gas outlet of the eighth valve is connected with the tenth valve and the valve ten respectively, the tenth valve is connected with the gas inlet of the third tower, and the valve ten is connected with the The air inlets of the four towers are connected;

The second gas outlet of the buffer tank communicates with the inlet of the ninth valve, the gas outlet of the ninth valve communicates with the ninth valve and valve nine respectively, the ninth valve communicates with the inlet of the third tower, and the valve nine communicates with the The air inlets of the four towers are connected;

The top of the third tower is respectively provided with a third exhaust pipe and a third row of CO2 pipes, the third exhaust pipe is provided with a twelfth valve, and the water outlet of the third tower passes through the eighth valve and one end of the second water outlet pipe. connected, the second outlet pipe is provided with a twelfth valve, the third row of CO2 pipes is provided with an eleventh valve, the outlet port of the eleventh valve is connected with the inlet port of the sixth valve or the eleventh valve, and the tenth valve The outlet end of a valve communicates with the gas collection tank through the fifth valve, and the outlet pipe of the gas collection tank is provided with a thirteenth valve;

The top of the fourth tower is respectively provided with a fourth exhaust pipe and a fourth row of CO2 pipes, the fourth exhaust pipe is provided with a valve twelve, and the water outlet of the fourth tower communicates with one end of the second water outlet pipe through a valve eight. The fourth row of CO2 pipes is provided with valve eleven, the outlet of valve eleven communicates with the inlet of the sixth valve or the eleventh valve, and the outlet of the sixth valve connects with the inlet of the fourteenth valve through the second vacuum pump In communication, the outlet end of the fourteenth valve communicates with the second air inlet of the buffer tank. the

The present invention has the following beneficial effects: after the flue gas discharged from the power plant has been pretreated to remove impurities such as H ₂ O, SO _X , and NO _X , at this time, the pressure of the flue gas is near normal pressure and the temperature is about 403K. The concentration of _CO2 is about 15%. After heat exchange with normal temperature water through the heat recovery device, the temperature becomes 303K, and then enters the first adsorption tower and the second adsorption tower for separation in the pressure swing adsorption process. After separation and purification, the concentration of _CO in the product gas can reach 40%-60%; then, the product gas is compressed to (0.2-0.5) MPa and then enters the second adsorption tower and the third adsorption tower for further separation and purification, Concentrate _CO2 to over 95%.

The function of the adsorption tower is to adsorb the _CO2 gas in the flue gas flowing through the adsorption tower. The function of the heat exchanger is to recover the heat of the flue gas, use the heat of the flue gas to heat the normal temperature water, and at the same time the flue gas is cooled to normal temperature, which is beneficial to the adsorption, and the heated hot water heats the adsorption tower during the desorption stage, which is beneficial to the desorption. The two adsorption towers work alternately, that is, when one tower is in the adsorption process, the other tower is in the desorption process. In each tower, starting from pressurized adsorption, the _CO2 gas in the flue gas is adsorbed and removed through several steps such as pressurized adsorption, gas purging, temperature rise desorption, depressurization gas storage, desorption tower cooling, etc. Desorption and separation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. the

Detailed ways

Specific Embodiment 1: This embodiment is described in conjunction with FIG. 1. The system of this embodiment includes a high-temperature flue gas pipe 1, a heat exchanger 2, a normal temperature flue gas pipe 3, a first tower 4, a second tower 5, and a first water outlet pipe 6. Buffer tank 7, cold water pipe 8, third tower 9, fourth tower 10, normal temperature water pipe 11, high temperature water pipe 12, first vacuum pump 13, second water outlet pipe 14, second vacuum pump 15, gas collecting tank 16, the first The first valve A1, the second valve A2, the third valve A3, the fourth valve A4, the fifth valve A5, the sixth valve A6, the seventh valve A7, the eighth valve A8, the ninth valve A9, the tenth valve A10, the Eleventh valve A11, twelfth valve A12, thirteenth valve A13, fourteenth valve A14, valve one B1, valve two B2, valve three B3, valve four B4, valve five B5, valve six B6, valve seven B7 , valve eight B8, valve nine B9, valve ten B10, valve eleven B11, valve twelve B12, valve thirteen B13, valve fourteen B14, first valve V1, second valve V2, third valve V3, fourth Valve V4, fifth valve V5, sixth valve V6, seventh valve V7, eighth valve V8, ninth valve V9, tenth valve V10, eleventh valve V11, twelfth valve V12, thirteenth valve V13 And the fourteenth valve V14, the third valve V3 and the first vacuum pump 13 are connected in parallel with the fourth valve V4 to form a valve group,

The high-temperature flue gas pipe 1 communicates with one end of the normal-temperature flue gas pipe 3 through the heat exchanger 2, and the normal-temperature flue gas pipe 3 communicates with the third valve A3 and valve three B3 respectively, and the third valve A3 communicates with the flue gas inlet of the first tower 4 Connected, the valve three B3 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the second tower 5;

The top of the first tower 4 is respectively provided with a first exhaust pipe 4-1 and a first row of CO2 pipes 4-2, the first exhaust pipe 4-1 is provided with a fifth valve A5, and the water outlet of the first tower 4 The first valve A1 communicates with one end of the first outlet pipe 6, the first outlet pipe 6 is provided with a second valve V2, the first row of CO2 pipe 4-2 is provided with a fourth valve A4, and the outlet of the fourth valve A4 The end is connected with the inlet end of the valve group;

The top of the second tower 5 is respectively provided with a second exhaust pipe 5-1 and a second row of CO2 pipes 5-2, the second exhaust pipe 5-1 is provided with a valve five B5, and the water outlet of the second tower 5 passes through Valve one B1 communicates with one end of the first water outlet pipe 6, and the second row of CO2 pipe 5-2 is provided with valve four B4, the outlet end of valve four B4 communicates with the inlet end of the valve group, and the outlet end of the valve group passes through the tenth The valve V10 communicates with the first air inlet of the buffer tank 7;

The inlet end of the seventh valve V7 of the gas outlet of the buffer tank 7 is connected, and the outlet end of the seventh valve V7 is respectively connected through the valve two B2 and the second valve A2, and the valve two B2 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the second tower 5, and the second valve B2 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the second tower 5. The second valve A2 communicates with the flue gas inlet of the first tower 4;

The cold water pipe 8 communicates with the seventh valve A7, valve seven B7, fourteenth valve A14 and valve fourteen B14 respectively, the seventh valve A7 communicates with the water inlet of the first tower 4, and the valve seven B7 communicates with the inlet of the second tower 5. The water port is connected, the fourteenth valve A14 is connected with the water inlet of the third tower 9, and the valve fourteen B14 is connected with the water inlet of the fourth tower 10;

The normal-temperature water pipe 11 communicates with one end of the high-temperature water pipe 12 through the heat exchanger 2. The high-temperature water pipe 12 is provided with a first valve V1. It communicates with valve thirteen B13, the sixth valve A6 communicates with the water inlet of the first tower 4, the valve six B6 communicates with the water inlet of the second tower 4, and the thirteenth valve A13 communicates with the water inlet of the third tower 9, Valve thirteen B13 communicates with the water inlet of the fourth tower 10;

The first gas outlet of the buffer tank 7 communicates with the gas inlet of the eighth valve V8, the gas outlet of the eighth valve V8 communicates with the tenth valve A10 and the valve ten B10 respectively, and the tenth valve A10 communicates with the gas inlet of the third tower 9 The port is connected, and the valve ten B10 is connected with the air inlet of the fourth tower 10;

The second gas outlet of the buffer tank 7 communicates with the inlet of the ninth valve V9, the gas outlet of the ninth valve V9 communicates with the ninth valve A9 and the valve nine B9 respectively, and the inlet of the ninth valve A9 and the third tower 9 The port is connected, and the valve nine B9 is connected with the air inlet of the fourth tower 10;

The top of the third tower 9 is respectively provided with a third exhaust pipe 9-1 and a third row of CO2 pipes 9-2, the third exhaust pipe 9-1 is provided with a twelfth valve A12, and the outlet of the third tower 9 The water port communicates with one end of the second water outlet pipe 14 through the eighth valve A8, the second water outlet pipe 14 is provided with the twelfth valve V12, the third row of CO2 pipe 9-2 is provided with the eleventh valve A11, the eleventh The outlet port of the valve A11 communicates with the inlet port of the sixth valve V6 or the eleventh valve V11, and the outlet port of the eleventh valve V11 communicates with the gas collecting tank 16 through the fifth valve V5, and the outlet pipe of the gas collecting tank 16 is provided with There is a thirteenth valve V13;

The top of the fourth tower 10 is respectively provided with a fourth exhaust pipe 10-1 and a fourth row of CO2 pipes 10-2, the fourth exhaust pipe 10-1 is provided with a valve twelve B12, and the water outlet of the fourth tower 10 The valve eight B8 communicates with one end of the second water outlet pipe 14, and the fourth row of CO2 pipe 10-2 is provided with a valve eleven B11, and the outlet end of the valve eleven B11 is connected to the inlet of the sixth valve V6 or the eleventh valve V11 The outlet of the sixth valve V6 communicates with the inlet of the fourteenth valve V14 through the second vacuum pump 15, and the outlet of the fourteenth valve V14 communicates with the second air inlet of the buffer tank 7. the

The first tower 4, the second tower 5, the third tower 9 and the fourth tower 10 are all filled with activated carbon fibers. the

Specific Embodiment 2: This embodiment is described in conjunction with FIG. 1. The first valve A1, the second valve A2, the third valve A3, the fourth valve A4, the fifth valve A5, the sixth valve A6, and the seventh valve of this embodiment are A7, eighth valve A8, ninth valve A9, tenth valve A10, eleventh valve A11, twelfth valve A12, thirteenth valve A13, fourteenth valve A14, valve one B1, valve two B2, valve Three B3, valve four B4, valve five B5, valve six B6, valve seven B7, valve eight B8, valve nine B9, valve ten B10, valve eleven B11, valve twelve B12, valve thirteen B13, valve fourteen B14 , the first valve V1, the second valve V2, the third valve V3, the fourth valve V4, the fifth valve V5, the sixth valve V6, the seventh valve V7, the eighth valve V8, the ninth valve V9, the tenth valve V10 , the eleventh valve V11 , the twelfth valve V12 , the thirteenth valve V13 and the fourteenth valve V14 are all electromagnetic valves. Other implementation manners are the same as the specific implementation manner 1. the

Working principle: the first level of adsorption:

Boosting adsorption: open the third valve A3 and the fifth valve A5, and pass the cooled flue gas that has been desulfurized and nitrogen oxide removed into the first tower 4 according to the specified flow rate (at this time, the second tower 5 In the unstarted state), at this time, the first tower is an adsorption tower. Since the first tower 4 is filled with activated carbon fibers, _CO2 in the flue gas is adsorbed, and the unadsorbed _N2 and a small amount of _CO2 flow through the first tower 4, pass through the fifth valve A5, and are discharged into the atmosphere. When it is measured that CO ₂ in the outlet flue gas of the first row of CO 2 pipes 4-2 is 90% of the concentration in the inlet, the adsorption process is considered to be over. At this time, close the first valve A3 and the fifth valve A5, open the valve three B3 and the five valve B5, the second tower 5 becomes an adsorption tower, and the first tower 4 enters the desorption process and is a desorption tower.

Gas purging: open the seventh valve V7, the second valve A2 and the fifth valve A5, and pass the previously obtained high-purity CO ₂ into the first column 4 from bottom to top. Because the adsorption has reached equilibrium at this time, the activated carbon fiber no longer adsorbs CO ₂ , and there is a large amount of unadsorbed N ₂ in the free space in the tower, so the CO ₂ introduced can only push the N ₂ in the free space in the tower Excluded through the fifth valve A5. After the purging process is finished, the seventh valve V7, the second valve A2 and the fifth valve A5 are closed. The time taken for this process is calculated from the purge gas flow and the volume of the column.

It should be noted here that this step starts from the second cycle, because in the first cycle, no gas is captured in the buffer tank 7, so the first cycle does not have this step. the

Heating desorption: open the fourth valve A4, the fourth valve V4 and the tenth valve V10, open the first valve V1, the second valve V2, the first valve A1 and the sixth valve A6, use the high temperature water heated by the flue gas , so that the temperature on the first tower 4 rises rapidly, so that a large amount of adsorbed phase CO ₂ adsorbed on the activated carbon fiber escapes from the surface of the adsorbent, becomes gas phase CO ₂ , and enters the buffer tank 7 .

Pressure-reducing gas storage: when the pressure in the second tower 5 drops to the same as the ambient pressure, close the fourth valve V4, open the third valve V3, use the first vacuum pump 13 to reduce the pressure in the first tower 4, and continue desorption. And the desorbed gas is also stored in the buffer tank 7, so that it can be used for the gas purging step in the subsequent cycle. In these two steps of desorption, when to switch the fifth valve V5 to the sixth valve V6 depends on the amount of _CO2 required for the gas purge step.

Cooling of the desorption tower: open the seventh valve A7, the first valve A1 and the second valve V2, and usually cool the first tower 4 with warm cooling water. After the desorption process is finished, since the temperature of the first tower 4 is very high, the adsorption step cannot be carried out, so the temperature needs to be lowered. When the temperature on the tower drops below 30°C, the process ends. At this time, the adsorption process of the second column 5 also ends. Close valve three B3, open the third valve A3, at this time, the first tower 4 becomes an adsorption tower, and the second tower 5 becomes a desorption tower. Enter the next adsorption capture cycle. the

Second stage adsorption:

After the buffer tank 7 is filled with CO2 gas (that is, after the first-stage adsorption first tower 4 completes the desorption step), the valve can be opened to enter the second-stage adsorption. Second-stage adsorption The working principle of each adsorption tower is the same as that of the first-stage adsorption. the

Boost adsorption: open the eighth valve V8, the tenth valve A10 and the twelfth valve A12, and pass the low-purity CO2 flowing out from the buffer tank into the third column 9 (at this time, the column B is in an inactive state), and this , the third tower 9 is an adsorption tower. Since the activated carbon fiber is filled in the third tower 9, _CO2 in the flue gas is adsorbed, and the unadsorbed _N2 and a small amount of _CO2 flow through the adsorption tower, pass through the twelfth valve A12, and are discharged into the atmosphere. When the measured _CO2 in the outlet flue gas is 90% of the concentration in the inlet, the adsorption process is considered to be over. At this time, the tenth valve A10 and the twelfth valve A12 are closed, the valve ten B10 and the twelve valve B12 are opened, the fourth tower 10 becomes an adsorption tower, and the third tower 9 enters the desorption process and is a desorption tower.

Gas purging: open the ninth valve V9, the ninth valve A9 and the twelfth valve A12, and pass the previously obtained high-purity CO ₂ into the third column 9 from bottom to top. Because the adsorption has reached equilibrium at this time, the activated carbon fiber no longer adsorbs CO ₂ , and there is a large amount of unadsorbed N ₂ in the free space in the third tower 9, so the CO ₂ introduced can only push the carbon dioxide in the free space in the tower. The _N2 is exhausted through the twelfth valve A12. When the purging process is finished, the ninth valve V9, the ninth valve A9 and the twelfth valve A12 are closed. The time taken for this process is calculated from the purge gas flow and the volume of the column.

Heating and desorption: open the eleventh valve A11, the eleventh valve V11 and the fifth valve V5, open the first valve V1, the twelfth valve V12, the eighth valve A8 and the thirteenth valve A13, and use the exhausted flue gas The heated high-temperature water makes the temperature on the third tower 9 rise rapidly, so that a large amount of adsorbed phase CO ₂ adsorbed on the activated carbon fiber escapes from the surface of the adsorbent, becomes gas phase CO ₂ , and enters the gas collecting tank 16 .

Pressure-reducing gas storage: when the pressure in the third tower 9 drops to the same as the ambient pressure, close the eleventh valve V11, open the sixth valve V6, use the second vacuum pump 15 to reduce the pressure of the third tower 9, and continue desorption. And the desorbed gas is also stored in the buffer tank 7, so that it can be used for the gas purging step in the subsequent cycle. In these two steps of desorption, when to switch the fifth valve V5 to the sixth valve V6 depends on the amount of _CO2 required for the gas purge step.

Cooling of the desorption tower: open the twelfth valve V12, the eighth valve A8, and the fourteenth valve A14 to cool down the desorption tower. After the desorption process is over, due to the high temperature on the tower, the adsorption step cannot be carried out, so the temperature needs to be lowered. When the temperature on the third tower 9 drops below 30° C., the process ends. At this time, the adsorption process of the fourth column 10 also ends. Close valve ten B10, open tenth valve A10, at this time, the third tower 9 becomes an adsorption tower, and the fourth tower 10 becomes a desorption tower. Enter the next adsorption capture cycle. the

Claims (2)

1. A double-tower two-stage CO2 adsorption and capture system with a heat recovery device, characterized in that the system includes a high-temperature flue gas pipe (1), a heat exchanger (2), a normal temperature flue gas pipe (3), a first Tower (4), second tower (5), first outlet pipe (6), buffer tank (7), cold water pipe (8), third tower (9), fourth tower (10), normal temperature water pipe (11 ), high temperature water pipe (12), first vacuum pump (13), second outlet pipe (14), second vacuum pump (15), gas collection tank (16), first valve (A1), second valve (A2) , the third valve (A3), the fourth valve (A4), the fifth valve (A5), the sixth valve (A6), the seventh valve (A7), the eighth valve (A8), the ninth valve (A9), Tenth valve (A10), eleventh valve (A11), twelfth valve (A12), thirteenth valve (A13), fourteenth valve (A14), valve one (B1), valve two (B2) , valve three (B3), valve four (B4), valve five (B5), valve six (B6), valve seven (B7), valve eight (B8), valve nine (B9), valve ten (B10), valve Eleven (B11), valve twelve (B12), valve thirteen (B13), valve fourteen (B14), first valve (V1), second valve (V2), third valve (V3), fourth Valve (V4), fifth valve (V5), sixth valve (V6), seventh valve (V7), eighth valve (V8), ninth valve (V9), tenth valve (V10), eleventh The valve (V11), the twelfth valve (V12), the thirteenth valve (V13) and the fourteenth valve (V14), the third valve (V3) and the first vacuum pump (13) are connected in series with the fourth valve (V4 ) are connected in parallel to form a valve group, The high-temperature flue gas pipe (1) communicates with one end of the normal-temperature flue gas pipe (3) through the heat exchanger (2), and the normal-temperature flue gas pipe (3) communicates with the third valve (A3) and valve three (B3) respectively. Three valves (A3) are communicated with the flue gas inlet of the first tower (4), and valve three (B3) are communicated with the flue gas inlet of the second tower (5); The top of the first tower (4) is respectively provided with a first exhaust pipe (4-1) and a first row of _CO pipes (4-2), and the first exhaust pipe (4-1) is provided with a fifth valve (A5), the water outlet of the first tower (4) communicates with one end of the first water outlet pipe (6) through the first valve (A1), and the first water outlet pipe (6) is provided with a second valve (V2), the second A fourth valve (A4) is provided on a row of CO2 pipes (4-2), and the outlet end of the fourth valve (A4) communicates with the inlet end of the valve group; The top of the second tower (5) is respectively provided with a second exhaust pipe (5-1) and a second row of _CO pipes (5-2), and the second exhaust pipe (5-1) is provided with a valve five ( B5), the water outlet of the second tower (5) communicates with one end of the first water outlet pipe (6) through valve one (B1), and the second row of CO2 pipes (5-2) is provided with valve four (B4), the valve The outlet port of four (B4) communicates with the inlet port of the valve group, and the outlet port of the valve group communicates with the first air inlet of the buffer tank (7) through the tenth valve (V10); The inlet port of the seventh valve (V7) of the air outlet of the buffer tank (7) is connected, and the outlet port of the seventh valve (V7) is connected through the valve two (B2) and the second valve (A2) respectively, and the valve two (B2) It communicates with the flue gas inlet of the second tower (5), and the second valve (A2) communicates with the flue gas inlet of the first tower (4); The cold water pipe (8) communicates with the seventh valve (A7), valve seven (B7), fourteenth valve (A14) and valve fourteen (B14) respectively, and the seventh valve (A7) is connected with the first tower (4) The water inlet is connected, the valve seven (B7) is connected with the water inlet of the second tower (5), the fourteenth valve (A14) is connected with the water inlet of the third tower (9), and the valve fourteen (B14) is connected with the fourth tower The water inlet of (10) is connected; The normal temperature water pipe (11) communicates with one end of the high temperature water pipe (12) through the heat exchanger (2). Valve (A6), valve six (B6), thirteenth valve (A13) and valve thirteen (B13) are connected, the sixth valve (A6) is connected with the water inlet of the first tower (4), and valve six (B6 ) is communicated with the water inlet of the second tower 4, the thirteenth valve (A13) is communicated with the water inlet of the third tower (9), and the valve thirteen (B13) is communicated with the water inlet of the fourth tower (10); The first air outlet of the buffer tank (7) communicates with the air inlet of the eighth valve (V8), and the air outlet of the eighth valve (V8) communicates with the tenth valve (A10) and valve ten (B10) respectively, and the tenth valve (V8) communicates with the tenth valve (A10) and valve ten (B10). Valve (A10) is communicated with the air inlet of the third tower (9), and valve ten (B10) is communicated with the air inlet of the fourth tower (10); The second air outlet of the buffer tank (7) communicates with the air inlet of the ninth valve (V9), and the air outlet of the ninth valve (V9) communicates with the ninth valve (A9) and valve nine (B9) respectively, and the ninth valve (V9) communicates with the air inlet of the ninth valve (V9). Valve (A9) is communicated with the air inlet of the third tower (9), and valve nine (B9) is communicated with the air inlet of the fourth tower (10); The top of the third tower (9) is respectively provided with a third exhaust pipe (9-1) and a third row of _CO pipes (9-2), and the third exhaust pipe (9-1) is provided with a twelfth exhaust pipe (9-1). Valve (A12), the water outlet of the third tower (9) communicates with one end of the second water outlet pipe (14) through the eighth valve (A8), and the second water outlet pipe (14) is provided with a twelfth valve (V12) , the third row of CO2 pipes (9-2) is provided with an eleventh valve (A11), the outlet port of the eleventh valve (A11) is connected to the inlet port of the sixth valve (V6) or the eleventh valve (V11) Connected, the outlet end of the eleventh valve (V11) communicates with the gas collection tank (16) through the fifth valve (V5), and the outlet pipe of the gas collection tank (16) is provided with a thirteenth valve (V13); The top of the fourth tower (10) is respectively provided with a fourth exhaust pipe (10-1) and a fourth row of CO _pipes (10-2), and the fourth exhaust pipe (10-1) is provided with a valve twelve (B12), the water outlet of the fourth tower (10) communicates with one end of the second water outlet pipe (14) through valve eight (B8), and the fourth row of CO2 pipes (10-2) is provided with valve eleven (B11) , the outlet port of the valve eleven (B11) communicates with the inlet port of the sixth valve (V6) or the eleventh valve (V11), and the outlet port of the sixth valve (V6) communicates with the fourteenth valve (V6) through the second vacuum pump (15) The inlet end of the valve (V14) is connected, and the outlet end of the fourteenth valve (V14) is connected with the second air inlet of the buffer tank (7). Activated carbon fibers are all filled in the first tower (4), the second tower (5), the third tower (9) and the fourth tower (10). 2. The double-tower two-stage _CO2 adsorption and capture system with heat recovery device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first valve (A1), the second valve (A2), the third valve (A3), the fourth Valve (A4), fifth valve (A5), sixth valve (A6), seventh valve (A7), eighth valve (A8), ninth valve (A9), tenth valve (A10), eleventh valve Valve (A11), twelfth valve (A12), thirteenth valve (A13), fourteenth valve (A14), valve one (B1), valve two (B2), valve three (B3), valve four ( B4), valve five (B5), valve six (B6), valve seven (B7), valve eight (B8), valve nine (B9), valve ten (B10), valve eleven (B11), valve twelve ( B12), valve thirteen (B13), valve fourteen (B14), first valve (V1), second valve (V2), third valve (V3), fourth valve (V4), fifth valve (V5 ), the sixth valve (V6), the seventh valve (V7), the eighth valve (V8), the ninth valve (V9), the tenth valve (V10), the eleventh valve (V11), the twelfth valve ( V12), the thirteenth valve (V13) and the fourteenth valve (V14) are solenoid valves.

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