CN102938560A - Direct-current converter station based on bipolar structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于双极式结构的直流换流站，由两个换流单元串联构成，其串联接点通过中性母线接地，换流单元由多个MMC串并联构成。本发明通过采用双极结构形式，直流故障时只影响故障的一极，而对健全极几乎没有影响，从而提高了系统可靠性；同时本发明采用了中性母线引出接地，易于系统分期建设和增容扩建，先投运单极再投运双极，有利于早日发挥投资效益；同时中性母线通过接地极引线接地为在单极大地回线运行方式下的系统提供电流回流通路，平衡运行时接地电流很小。
The invention discloses a direct current converter station based on a bipolar structure, which is composed of two converter units connected in series, the series connection point of which is grounded through a neutral bus bar, and the converter unit is composed of a plurality of MMCs connected in series and parallel. By adopting the bipolar structure, the present invention only affects one pole of the fault when a DC fault occurs, and has almost no influence on the sound pole, thus improving the reliability of the system; at the same time, the present invention adopts the grounding of the neutral bus bar, which is easy for the phased construction and maintenance of the system. For capacity expansion and expansion, first put into operation single-pole and then put into operation double-pole, which is conducive to the early exertion of investment benefits; at the same time, the neutral busbar is grounded through the grounding electrode lead wire to provide a current return path for the system under the single-pole ground return line operation mode, balancing The ground current is very small during operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power system commutation technique field, be specifically related to a kind of DC converter station based on the bipolar system structure.
Background technology
Modularization multi-level converter (Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC) adopt the form of submodule cascade, having and device is unanimously triggered to the plurality of advantages such as the dynamic voltage balancing requirement is low, favorable expandability, the output voltage waveforms quality is high, switching frequency is low, running wastage is low, is the outstanding person of voltage source converter topological structure of new generation.HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system based on MMC (MMC-HVDC) is at new-energy grid-connecteds such as photovoltaic, wind-powered electricity generation and morning and evening tides, the power transmission and distribution of ultra-large city, the occasions such as remote island, island load and passive network power transmission have stronger competitiveness than the traditional DC transmission system based on thyristor, many advantages is installed simple and convenient as modularized design, the compact conformation floor space is little, save alternating current filter, fundamentally eliminated commutation failure.The success of the wind farm grid-connected demonstration project of U.S. Transbay engineering and Chinese Shanghai Nanhui puts into operation, and domestic and international a plurality of planning or establish using value and the development prospect that engineering has further been verified MMC-HVDC.
Yet still there is following several respects deficiency in current MMC-HVDC system and treats improvements:
The one, earthing mode design, installation difficulty.Prior art mainly contains two kinds, it is a kind of that to be the reactance arm of the three-phase Y-connection being installed in MMC valve side provide the technology of reference potential for current conversion station, adopt the DC transmission system of this technology as shown in Fig. 1 (a), this technology reactance parameter is selected comparatively difficulty, and has greatly affected the reactive power operation scope of converter own.Another is the large resistance clamp of DC side earthing mode, adopt the DC transmission system of this earthing mode as shown in Fig. 1 (b), but it is closely related that this earthing mode and resistance parameter are chosen, when resistance, to obtain too small steady operation loss larger, when resistance, to obtain excessive whole system approximate earth-free, and system insulation is coordinated and has relatively high expectations.
The 2nd, system operation reliability is lower.All do not explicitly point out in prior art at DC side configuration smoothing reactor, therefore need to increase brachium pontis reactor parameter and suppress DC side fault current climbing; And can only operate in the pattern that consists of bipolar operation single voltage source converter, be that whole system is stopped transport once bipolar stoppage in transit just very easily occurs after breaking down DC line, and system reliability is lower.
The 3rd, transmission capacity is limited.Because the through-current capability of full-control type device is lower, therefore the direct current system electric current formed is generally lower.For the requirement that realizes that high-capacity power is carried, need to increase brachium pontis submodule number to improve its DC voltage.Although MMC can realize the submodule infinite cascade in theory, but transmission capacity can be confined to the capacity of converter transformer, the pattern that the single MMC of available technology adopting forms bipolar transmission system has been difficult to the high-voltage large-capacity power delivery of similar traditional direct current transportation degree.
The 4th, the standardization level of system, manufacture and installation is still lower.When the every brachium pontis cascade of MMC number is more, the harmonic wave of its output voltage current waveform is less, quality is higher, but after number acquires a certain degree, then increase submodule quantity, little to improving the effect of system harmonics characteristic.The group number of modules is crossed the processing speeds such as multipair capacitance voltage sequence, measurement in addition affects larger.And the complete concept of standard design not yet, as in power system capacity, engineering application scenario that electric pressure is different, nearly all related content (as controller parameter is adjusted, measurement and sensor-based system, cooling system etc.) needs redesign, system, parameter tuning and device fabrication have all been brought to great inconvenience, be unfavorable for realizing Standardization instrument manufacture production, brought design, manufacture, assembling, debugging, operation and maintenance cycle simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
For the existing above-mentioned technological deficiency of prior art, the invention provides a kind of DC converter station based on the bipolar system structure, adopt the dipolar configuration form, earthing mode is easy, and system reliability is high, and flexible operation manufactures and designs standardization, modularization.
A kind of DC converter station based on the bipolar system structure comprises: the converter be connected with AC network, and described converter is for being converted to direct current by the alternating current on AC network;
Described converter is comprised of two convertor units; Wherein, the anode that an end of anodal convertor unit is converter, the other end of anodal convertor unit is connected with an end of negative pole convertor unit and passes through neutral bus ground connection, the negative terminal that the other end of negative pole convertor unit is converter.
Described convertor unit is comprised of several MMC serial or parallel connections; Or formed by some MMC branch circuit parallel connections, described MMC props up several MMC of route and is composed in series, and described MMC is connected with AC network by converter transformer; Can be adapted at the direct current transportation under different electric pressures, different capabilities.
Preferably, the positive and negative terminal of described converter all is connected with smoothing reactor; Can be stabilized the ripple in direct current, be prevented that steep sonic bang ripple that DC power transmission line produces from entering current conversion station and cause device to suffer overvoltage and damage, be avoided discontinuous current simultaneously.
Preferably, the mode of connection of described converter transformer is Y
0/ Δ or Y
0/ Y; Can play the effect that electric pressure conversion and isolation zero-sequence component are transmitted between converter and AC system.
Preferably, described MMC is three-phase six bridge arm structures; Wherein, each brachium pontis is composed in series by several change of current modules, and all by reactor, the phase port corresponding with converter transformer connects each brachium pontis; The three-phase alternating current of its output has very little harmonic content, needs hardly any filter, and its architectural characteristic greatly reduces the switching frequency of device simultaneously, and then reduces loss, controls flexibly.
Further preferably, described change of current module is HBSM (half-bridge submodule); Required semiconductor device minimum number, the steady operation loss is little.
Described HBSM consists of two switch transistor T 1～T2 and a capacitor C; Wherein, the output of switch transistor T 1 is connected with the input of switch transistor T 2 and forms the end of HBSM, and an end of the input of switch transistor T 1 and capacitor C is connected, and the output of switch transistor T 2 is connected with the other end of capacitor C and forms the other end of HBSM; The control end of described switching tube receives the switching signal that external equipment provides.
Described switching tube is IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor).
Operation principle of the present invention is: the three-phase alternating current of AC network converts through the converter transformer electric pressure, realize the ac/dc conversion by the MMC in the both positive and negative polarity converter, then, after being stabilized ripple by reactor, by DC power transmission line, be transported to the receiving end current conversion station.
Useful technique effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention adopts the dipolar configuration form, only affects a utmost point of fault during DC Line Fault, and on perfecting almost not impact of the utmost point, thereby improved system reliability.
(2) converter of the present invention adopts neutral bus to draw ground connection, is easy to system built by separate periods and increase-volume enlarging, and the one pole that first puts into operation puts into operation bipolar again, is conducive to bring into play early returns of investment; Simultaneously neutral bus provides the current reflux path by the earth electrode ground connection that goes between for the system under the monopolar ground return operational mode, and during balance movement, earth current is very little.
(3) operational mode of the present invention is flexible, can be applicable to direct current transportation under different electric pressures, different capabilities; Can under the operational modes such as bipolar balance, bipolar imbalance, monopolar ground return, monopolar metallic return, move, flexible operation is various.
(4) the present invention as a unit, realizes required direct voltage and the direct current of DC transmission system by the MMC after preferred submodule number with the form of " playing with building blocks ".Make wholely to manufacture and design flow process and there is modularization, standardization, raising engineering design, construction and the cycle of operation that can shorten, can recoup capital outlay early and improve on-road efficiency.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a) is the DC converter station structural representation of prior art employing AC star reactance grounded mode.
Fig. 1 (b) is the DC converter station structural representation of prior art employing DC side clamp resistance earthing.
The structural representation that Fig. 2 is DC converter station of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is the convertor unit structural representation in series based on MMC.
Fig. 3 (b) is based on the MMC convertor unit structural representation formed in parallel.
Fig. 3 (c) is the convertor unit structural representation formed based on the MMC branch circuit parallel connection.
The structural representation that Fig. 4 is MMC.
The structural representation that Fig. 5 is HBSM.
Fig. 6 (a) is two MMC DC converter station operational mode schematic diagrames that form basic convertor unit in parallel.
Fig. 6 (b) is DC converter station operational mode schematic diagram when a MMC is out of service in anodal convertor unit.
DC converter station operational mode schematic diagram when Fig. 6 (c) is out of service in whole anodal convertor unit.
Fig. 6 (d) is DC converter station operational mode schematic diagram while all having a MMC out of service in the positive and negative electrode convertor unit.
The response curve schematic diagram of anodal (the fault utmost point) the convertor unit power of Fig. 7 (a) DC converter station.
The response curve schematic diagram of Fig. 7 (b) DC converter station negative pole (perfecting the utmost point) convertor unit power.
The response curve schematic diagram of anodal (the fault utmost point) direct voltage of Fig. 7 (c) DC converter station.
The schematic diagram of Fig. 7 (d) DC converter station negative pole (perfecting the utmost point) valve side three-phase current.
Embodiment
In order more specifically to describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention and relative theory thereof are elaborated.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of DC converter station based on the bipolar system structure comprises: a converter, a plurality of converter transformer and two smoothing reactors.
Converter is comprised of two convertor units; Wherein, the anode that an end of anodal convertor unit is converter, the other end of anodal convertor unit is connected with an end of negative pole convertor unit and passes through neutral bus ground connection, the negative terminal that the other end of negative pole convertor unit is converter.The positive and negative terminal of current conversion station is connected with DC power transmission line by two smoothing reactors respectively.
Convertor unit can be in series by n MMC, as shown in Fig. 3 (a);
Convertor unit can consist of n MMC parallel connection, as shown in Fig. 3 (b);
Convertor unit also can be comprised of k bar MMC branch circuit parallel connection, and MMC props up a route n MMC and is composed in series, and forms the convertor unit that consists of matrix form n * k MMC connection in series-parallel, as shown in Fig. 3 (c).
Each MMC all is connected with AC network by converter transformer, and the mode of connection of converter transformer can be Y
0/ Δ or Y
0/ Y.
As shown in Figure 4, MMC is three-phase six bridge arm structures; Wherein, each brachium pontis is composed in series by m HBSM, and all by reactor, the phase port corresponding with converter transformer connects each brachium pontis; N, k and m are the natural number that is greater than 0.
As shown in Figure 5, HBSM consists of two IGBT pipe T1～T2 and a capacitor C; Wherein, the emitter of IGBT pipe T1 is connected with the collector electrode of IGBT pipe T2 and forms the end of HBSM, and IGBT manages the collector electrode of T1 and an end of capacitor C is connected, and the emitter that IGBT manages T2 is connected with the other end of capacitor C and forms the other end of HBSM; The gate pole of IGBT pipe T1～T2 all receives the switching signal that external equipment provides.
For further illustrating implementation process of the present invention, below in conjunction with the concrete engineering parameter, describe.
The basic parameter of MMC standard cell is DC side 100kV, and each brachium pontis is connected by 100 HBSM, and sample frequency is 10000Hz, and rated current is 1kA.Capacitance voltage sort algorithm, module modulation strategy, controller parameter all are embedded in standard cell as control unit, other associated systems such as water-cooling system, measurement and sensor-based system can be embedded into standard cell too, in the different application occasion, without redesign and parameter, again adjust; The converter transformer be attached thereto also can be accomplished modularization, standardized designs.
For ± the DC transmission system of 200kV, 400MW, adopt series connection form as Fig. 3 (a) as shown in, each convertor unit needs two MMC standard cells to connect to get final product; For ± DC transmission system of 100kV, 400MW, adopt parallel form as Fig. 3 (b) as shown in, each convertor unit needs two MMC standard cells parallel connections to get final product; And for ± DC transmission system of 200kV, 800MW, adopt the matrix form as Fig. 3 (c) as shown in, i.e. 2 * 2 MMC standard cells of each convertor unit needs connection in series-parallel gets final product.
This shows and adopt the connection in series-parallel of MMC standard cell to form the DC converter station structure, can utilize the form of similar " playing with building blocks ", complete fast the cooperation of DC transmission system electric pressure, transmission capacity, effectively reduce the design cycle, while is shortening equipment construction greatly, system debug, operation and maintenance cycle also, can put into operation early, be conducive to bring into play early returns of investment.
For further illustrating the operational mode flexibility of present embodiment, take ± 100kV, the direct current transportation DC converter station of 400MW is example, its both positive and negative polarity convertor unit is formed in parallel by two MMC.Normal operation mode is as shown in Fig. 6 (a), and now upper and lower two MMC all put into operation.Due to scheduling, maintenance or failure and other reasons, cause certain MMC needs out of service, operational mode is as shown in Fig. 6 (b), and system still can be carried 75% rated power.Out of service when there being two MMC to need, there are two kinds of basic operational modes, as Fig. 6 (c) and Fig. 6 (d), system still can be carried 50% rated power so respectively.Form traditional DC converter station of nature dipolar configuration by single converter by contrast as shown in Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b), if MMC is out of service, can cause whole system to be stopped transport.
For further verifying effective effect of present embodiment, build two ends MMC-HVDC emulation platform in electro-magnetic transient software PSCAD/EMTDC, be to improve simulation velocity, convertor unit is comprised of a MMC.During steady operation, current conversion station 1 (sending end) adopts and determines active power and determine Reactive Power Control, and current conversion station 2 (receiving end) adopts to be determined voltage control and determine Reactive Power Control.DC power transmission line is chosen as 200 kilometers overhead wires; For convenience of analyzing and contrast, take capacity 200MVA, 100kV as marking the fiducial value of the one system.Cascade submodule modulation strategy adopts nearest level modulation method.
The emulation sight is DC line anodal generation swinging earth fault and restarts.The meritorious idle reference instruction at starting stage system the two poles of the earth is respectively 200MW (perunit value is 1.0pu) and 40Mvar (perunit value is 0.2pu), while supposing steady operation 1.2s, temporary transient metallic earthing short trouble occurs in the anodal circuit of system at the 100km place, duration 0.05s, both positive and negative polarity convertor unit power, voltage response characteristic are as shown in Fig. 7 (a)～(c), and valve side (place that converter transformer is connected with MMC) current response characteristic curve is as shown in Fig. 7 (d).After fault occurs, through detecting time delay, the error protection logical action, by other fault isolation devices such as AC circuit breaker or DC circuit breakers, by fault utmost point converter, sending blocking order; Whole locking process is 1/4 cycle approximately.During locking, each utmost point power delivery and direct voltage are down to zero very soon, keep fault utmost point converter blocking state continuance 0.3s, so that circuit fully goes to dissociate.For make up the power disappearance as far as possible, perfect utmost point running overload between age at failure.Line fault is sent unlock command to fault utmost point converter after removing, and system is restarted, and makes to perfect the utmost point simultaneously and returns to original steady operation level.From simulation result, because this structure adopts the dipolar configuration form, only affect the fault utmost point during DC Line Fault, and on perfecting almost not impact of the utmost point, thereby improved system reliability.
The present embodiment structure adopts bipolar middle neutral bus to draw ground connection in addition, is easy to system built by separate periods and increase-volume enlarging, and the one pole that first puts into operation puts into operation bipolar again, is conducive to bring into play early returns of investment; The ground connection branch road provides the current reflux path for the system under the monopolar ground return operational mode simultaneously, and during balance movement, earth current is very little.Operational mode is flexible, can be applicable to direct current transportation under different electric pressures, different capabilities; Can under the operational modes such as bipolar balance, bipolar imbalance, monopolar ground return, monopolar metallic return, carry out, flexible operation is various.In a word, the DC transmission system consisted of the present invention has broad application prospects.
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