CN102927894A - Eddy current detection system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种电涡流检测系统，包括传感器、信号发生器和信号采集器；信号发生器产生脉冲激励，传感器包括线圈，线圈探头两端会形成周期性的稳定激振响应信号，信号采集器实现对激振响应信号的观测和采集。本发明采用脉冲激振电涡流检测方法进行检测，检测响应信号是标准稳定的周期谐振衰减信号，采用积分差值法可很好的分析检测信号，完成检测，检测精度高。本发明运用积分差值法对检测响应信号进行处理，无需滤波放大等处理，提取出的积分差值点可很好的表述位移变化与电涡流检测之间的变化关系，且计算简单，检测精度较高，计算速度快，有着很高的实际应用价值。
An eddy current detection system includes a sensor, a signal generator and a signal collector; the signal generator generates pulse excitation, the sensor includes a coil, and a periodic stable excitation response signal is formed at both ends of the coil probe, and the signal collector realizes the excitation Observation and collection of vibration response signals. The invention adopts the pulse excitation eddy current detection method for detection, the detection response signal is a standard and stable periodic resonance attenuation signal, the detection signal can be well analyzed by the integral difference method, and the detection is completed with high detection precision. The invention uses the integral difference method to process the detection response signal without filtering, amplification and other processing, and the extracted integral difference point can well express the change relationship between the displacement change and the eddy current detection, and the calculation is simple and the detection accuracy is high. Higher, faster calculation speed, has a high practical application value.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于检测与自动化装置技术领域，涉及一种电涡流检测系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of detection and automation devices, and relates to an eddy current detection system and method.
背景技术Background technique
现有的电涡流检测技术主要包括传统电涡流检测技术和脉冲涡流检测技术。与传统涡流检测技术相比，脉冲涡流检测技术具有平均功率小，瞬时功率大，穿透深度大，测量速度和效率更高等优点。Existing eddy current testing technologies mainly include traditional eddy current testing technology and pulsed eddy current testing technology. Compared with traditional eddy current testing technology, pulsed eddy current testing technology has the advantages of small average power, high instantaneous power, large penetration depth, higher measurement speed and efficiency.
但脉冲涡流检测技术也有其自身的局限性，比如和传统单频涡流作为激励源的涡流检测相比，虽然具有可实现宽频带范围内分析的优点，但这却对检测系统的信噪比提出了更高的要求；对检测试件各种参数变化的高敏感性，也使得这项技术在实际的检测过程中，同样也易受到提离效应的影响；此外，目前所建立的理论依据和检测模型尚不完备，这些问题都限制了脉冲涡流检测技术实际检测能力和应用范围的进一步发展。However, the pulsed eddy current detection technology also has its own limitations. For example, compared with the traditional single-frequency eddy current as the excitation source, although it has the advantage of realizing analysis in a wide frequency range, it poses a challenge to the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system. higher requirements; the high sensitivity to changes in various parameters of the test piece also makes this technology vulnerable to the lift-off effect in the actual testing process; in addition, the current theoretical basis and The detection model is not yet complete, and these problems limit the further development of the actual detection capability and application range of pulsed eddy current detection technology.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基于脉冲激振原理的电涡流检测系统，为非接触检测提供了一种新的检测思路和信号处理方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an eddy current detection system based on the principle of pulse excitation, which provides a new detection idea and signal processing method for non-contact detection.
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述电涡流检测系统的检测方法。Another object of the present invention is to provide a detection method for the above-mentioned eddy current detection system.
本发明的目的是这样实现的，一种电涡流检测系统，包括传感器、信号发生器和信号采集器；信号发生器产生脉冲激励，传感器包括线圈，线圈探头两端会形成周期性的稳定激振响应信号，信号采集器实现对激振响应信号的观测和采集。The object of the present invention is achieved in this way, an eddy current detection system includes a sensor, a signal generator and a signal collector; the signal generator generates pulse excitation, the sensor includes a coil, and the two ends of the coil probe will form a periodic stable excitation In response to the signal, the signal collector realizes the observation and collection of the excitation response signal.
所述电涡流检测系统还包括定标台，所述线圈探头固定在所述定标台的支架上且正对待测金属试件中心。The eddy current detection system also includes a calibration table, and the coil probe is fixed on the support of the calibration table and facing the center of the metal test piece to be tested.
本发明的另一个目的是这样实现的，采用积分差值法处理上述电涡流检测系统激振响应信号，无需对信号进行滤波放大处理，可以获得较大的信噪比；具体步骤如下：Another object of the present invention is achieved in this way, adopting the integral difference method to process the excitation response signal of the above-mentioned eddy current detection system, without filtering and amplifying the signal, a larger signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained; the specific steps are as follows:
步骤一，求各激振响应信号的采样起始点，被测金属试件0mm位移处激振响应信号的采样终止点，记录0mm位移处采样起始点与采样终止点之间的数据长度，确定采样样本数据长度；Step 1: Find the sampling start point of each excitation response signal, the sampling end point of the excitation response signal at the 0mm displacement of the tested metal specimen, record the data length between the sampling start point and the sampling end point at the 0mm displacement, and determine the sampling Sample data length;
步骤二，确定各位移处采样数据样本，并求各位移点处对应的采样之后激振响应信号的电压绝对值累加值；
步骤三，以0mm位移处累加值为基值，求各位移处对应差值电压，以此差值电压作为特征量建立其与位移值之间的关系；Step 3, taking the accumulated value at the 0mm displacement as the base value, find the corresponding differential voltage at each displacement, and use the differential voltage as the characteristic quantity to establish the relationship between it and the displacement value;
步骤四，采用插值法，求位移测量值。
本发明具有如下有益效果：The present invention has following beneficial effects:
1、本发明采用脉冲激振电涡流检测方法进行检测，检测响应信号是标准稳定的周期谐振衰减信号，采用积分差值法可很好的分析检测信号，完成检测，检测精度高。1. The present invention uses a pulse-excited eddy current detection method for detection, and the detection response signal is a standard and stable periodic resonance attenuation signal. The detection signal can be well analyzed by the integral difference method, and the detection is completed with high detection accuracy.
2、本发明采用脉冲激振检测方法，检测响应信号中包含的信息量较丰富，优于脉冲涡流检测方法，运用适当的特征量提取方法即可很好的得到特征量和被测物理量之间的明确关系。2. The present invention adopts the pulse excitation detection method, and the amount of information contained in the detection response signal is relatively rich, which is superior to the pulsed eddy current detection method, and the relationship between the characteristic quantity and the measured physical quantity can be obtained well by using an appropriate feature quantity extraction method. clear relationship.
3、本发明运用积分差值法对检测响应信号进行处理，无需滤波放大等处理，提取出的积分差值点可很好的表述位移变化与电涡流检测之间的变化关系，且计算简单，检测精度较高，计算速度快，有着很高的实际应用价值。3. The present invention uses the integral difference method to process the detection response signal without processing such as filtering and amplification. The extracted integral difference points can well express the relationship between the displacement change and the eddy current detection, and the calculation is simple. The detection accuracy is high, the calculation speed is fast, and it has high practical application value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明检测系统示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection system of the present invention;
图2是本发明检测系统电路图；Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the detection system of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例激振响应信号波形图；Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of an excitation response signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例待测金属试件0mm位移点处激振响应信号波形、求得的采样起始点、终止点以及用信号采集器采集的信号范围图；Fig. 4 is the excitation response signal waveform at the 0mm displacement point of the metal test piece to be tested in the embodiment of the present invention, the sampling starting point obtained, the ending point and the signal range figure collected with the signal collector;
图5是本发明实施例各位移值与对应的峰值差值电压之间的关系及多项式拟合曲线波形图。5 is a waveform diagram of the relationship between each displacement value and the corresponding peak difference voltage and the polynomial fitting curve according to the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
一种电涡流检测系统，包括传感器、信号发生器和信号采集器；信号发生器产生脉冲激励，传感器包括线圈L，线圈L探头两端会形成周期性的稳定激振响应信号，信号采集器实现对激振响应信号的观测和采集。An eddy current detection system includes a sensor, a signal generator and a signal collector; the signal generator generates pulse excitation, the sensor includes a coil L, and a periodic stable excitation response signal is formed at both ends of the coil L probe, and the signal collector realizes Observation and collection of excitation response signals.
如图1所示，线圈L为一空心圆柱线圈，当开关闭合时，电源给检测电路提供能量，线圈L与电容C储能；当开关断开时，线圈L与电容C构成LC并联谐振电路，回路中的电流为i1，线圈L周围产生变化磁场，此时若被测金属试件处于此变化磁场中，试件将感生出涡流i2，而这些涡流又在试件周围产生附加磁场，影响谐振电路中信号的变化。该影响的大小与被测试件与线圈L之间的距离、被测试件的厚度、材料性质以及缺陷等参数有关。通过研究谐振信号变化与其中某个物理量变化之间的某种定量关系，就可以实现用此脉冲激振检测方法对金属试件的相关物理量的精确定量检测。As shown in Figure 1, the coil L is a hollow cylindrical coil. When the switch is closed, the power supply provides energy to the detection circuit, and the coil L and the capacitor C store energy; when the switch is turned off, the coil L and the capacitor C form an LC parallel resonance circuit. , the current in the circuit is i1, and a changing magnetic field is generated around the coil L. At this time, if the metal specimen to be tested is in this changing magnetic field, the specimen will induce eddy currents i2, and these eddy currents will generate additional magnetic fields around the specimen, affecting Changes in the signal in a resonant circuit. The magnitude of this influence is related to the distance between the tested piece and the coil L, the thickness of the tested piece, material properties, defects and other parameters. By studying a certain quantitative relationship between the change of the resonance signal and the change of a certain physical quantity, the precise quantitative detection of the relevant physical quantity of the metal test piece by this pulse excitation detection method can be realized.
实施例，以位移测量情况为例，脉冲激振检测电路如图2所示，该电路中，脉冲激励由信号发生器产生，激励信号的幅值和频率以及占空比等参数可调。检测时，线圈L探头两端会形成周期性的稳定激振响应信号，用信号采集器实现对响应信号的观测和采集。还包括精度为0.01mm的定标台、待测金属试件。以定标台上的支架固定线圈L探头，使其正对待测试件的中心，让待测试件作垂直轴向位移，用信号采集器采集记录线圈L每一位移点处的响应信号，作为测量样本，样本点的个数记为n。样本点与位移值一一对应，位移值点的设定由实际情况确定，一般取相邻点的间隔为0.1mm～0.5mm之间。In an embodiment, taking displacement measurement as an example, the pulse excitation detection circuit is shown in Figure 2. In this circuit, the pulse excitation is generated by a signal generator, and parameters such as the amplitude, frequency and duty cycle of the excitation signal are adjustable. During the detection, the two ends of the coil L probe will form a periodic stable excitation response signal, and the signal collector is used to observe and collect the response signal. It also includes a calibration table with an accuracy of 0.01mm and a metal test piece to be tested. Fix the coil L probe with the bracket on the calibration table so that it faces the center of the test piece, let the test piece make a vertical axial displacement, and use the signal collector to collect and record the response signal at each displacement point of the coil L as a measurement Sample, the number of sample points is denoted as n. The sample point corresponds to the displacement value one by one. The setting of the displacement value point is determined by the actual situation. Generally, the interval between adjacent points is between 0.1mm and 0.5mm.
本实施例检测到的激振响应信号如图3所示，信号中带有高频随机干扰。采用积分差值法处理激振响应信号，无需对信号进行滤波放大等处理，可以获得较大的信噪比；具体步骤如下：The excitation response signal detected in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 , and the signal contains high-frequency random interference. Using the integral difference method to process the excitation response signal, without filtering and amplifying the signal, can obtain a larger signal-to-noise ratio; the specific steps are as follows:
步骤一，求各激振响应信号的采样起始点，待测金属试件0mm激振响应信号的采样终止点，确定采样样本数据长度。Step 1: Calculate the sampling start point of each excitation response signal, the sampling end point of the 0mm excitation response signal of the metal specimen to be tested, and determine the data length of the sampling sample.
找出各位移点处对应的激振响应信号的峰值点M1，M2，M3，……Mn，以各峰值点作为各对应位移点处信号采集起始点。如图4所示，该图中激振响应信号为被测金属试件0mm位移处的信号，求取信号的各谐振波峰点，记各波峰点幅值依次为A1，A2，A3，……Ac，取第一个幅值小于峰值点电压10%的幅值Ai所对应波峰点P作为该信号采样终止点。于是样本数据采样长度即为0mm激振响应信号的采样起始点与终止点之间的数据个数，记为m。之后，其它位移点处采样样本点数据长度都设定成m即可。采集到的全部样本数据如下（以矩阵表示）：Find the peak points M 1 , M 2 , M 3 , ... M n of the corresponding excitation response signals at each displacement point, and use each peak point as the starting point of signal acquisition at each corresponding displacement point. As shown in Figure 4, the excitation response signal in this figure is the signal at the 0mm displacement of the tested metal specimen, and the peak points of each resonance wave of the signal are calculated, and the amplitudes of each peak point are A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , ... A c , take the peak point P corresponding to the first amplitude A i whose amplitude is less than 10% of the peak point voltage as the signal sampling termination point. Therefore, the sampling length of the sample data is the number of data between the sampling start point and the end point of the 0mm excitation response signal, denoted as m. Afterwards, the data lengths of sampling points at other displacement points can be set to m. All sample data collected are as follows (expressed in matrix):
矩阵的每一行表示各位移点所对应的激振响应信号的采样样本点数据，m为各样本点的数据长度，n为实验位移点的个数，也就是采样样本点个数。Each row of the matrix represents the sample point data of the excitation response signal corresponding to each displacement point, m is the data length of each sample point, and n is the number of experimental displacement points, that is, the number of sample points.
步骤二，求各位移点处对应的采样之后激振响应信号的电压绝对值累加值。
将采集到的n个位移点处对应的样本点数据序列都作如下处理：
即对于每一样本点数据序列，先对序列中每一数据取绝对值，再将此绝对值数据序列进行累加，得到的累加值记为y1,y2,y3,……yn。That is, for each sample point data sequence, the absolute value of each data in the sequence is firstly taken, and then the absolute value data sequence is accumulated, and the accumulated value obtained is recorded as y 1 , y 2 , y 3 ,...y n .
步骤三，求差值电压，以此差值电压作为特征量建立其与位移值之间的关系。Step 3, calculate the differential voltage, and use the differential voltage as a characteristic quantity to establish a relationship between it and the displacement value.
以0mm处的累加值电压y1为基准，各位移点（包括0mm位移）处的累加值电压依次与之作差，即：Taking the accumulated value voltage y1 at 0mm as the reference, the accumulated value voltage at each displacement point (including 0mm displacement) is sequentially different from it, namely:
Δyi＝yi-y1 i＝1,2,3,……nΔy i =y i -y 1 i=1,2,3,...n
于是，各位移点处对应的差值电压为Δy1,Δy2,Δy3,……Δyn，其与位移之间即可建立如图5所示的关系，用多项式曲线拟合法可以确定此差值电压特征量与位移的具体函数关系。Therefore, the corresponding differential voltages at each displacement point are Δy 1 , Δy 2 , Δy 3 ,...Δy n , and the relationship between them and the displacement can be established as shown in Figure 5, which can be determined by polynomial curve fitting method The specific functional relationship between the differential voltage characteristic quantity and the displacement.
步骤四，求位移测量值。
由实测的差值电压与位移之间的关系采用三样条插值法即可求得不同差值电压所对应位移测量值d1，d2，d3，……dk。From the relationship between the measured differential voltage and displacement, three-spline interpolation method can be used to obtain the displacement measurement values corresponding to different differential voltages d 1 , d 2 , d 3 , ... d k .
本实施例中，被测试件采用厚度为0.5mm，长105mm，宽75mm的方形钢板，铁材料由于集肤效应，厚度对检测信号几乎没有影响。试验系统采用0.01mm定标台，如图2所示检测电路，标准直流电源，信号发生器，信号采集器等组成，检测电路中电涡流传感器采用线圈L和电容C的并联结构，电容C选择0.01μf，线圈L参数如下表1：In this embodiment, the tested piece is a square steel plate with a thickness of 0.5 mm, a length of 105 mm, and a width of 75 mm. Due to the skin effect of the iron material, the thickness has almost no influence on the detection signal. The test system adopts a 0.01mm calibration table, which is composed of a detection circuit as shown in Figure 2, a standard DC power supply, a signal generator, and a signal collector. The eddy current sensor in the detection circuit adopts a parallel structure of a coil L and a capacitor C. The capacitor C is selected 0.01μf, coil L parameters are shown in Table 1:
表1Table 1
检测电路电源选择24v，脉冲激励采用高电平5v，低电平0v，频率800Hz，占空比10%的方波信号。The power supply of the detection circuit is 24v, and the pulse excitation adopts a square wave signal with a high level of 5v, a low level of 0v, a frequency of 800Hz, and a duty cycle of 10%.
采用信号采集器采集并记录0mm到26mm每间隔0.5mm的53个位移点处激振响应信号，用积分差值法计算出每一位移点的积分差值，设定0mm到26mm每间隔1mm的27个位移处的积分差值点作为原始点，采用差值法即可求得其他位移点的测量位移量。具体数据如下表2：The signal collector is used to collect and record the excitation response signals at 53 displacement points from 0mm to 26mm with an interval of 0.5mm, and the integral difference value of each displacement point is calculated by the integral difference method, and the interval of 1mm from 0mm to 26mm is set. The integral difference points at 27 displacements are taken as the original points, and the measured displacements of other displacement points can be obtained by using the difference method. The specific data are shown in Table 2:
表2Table 2
检测结果分析得出，均方根误差比较小，能够满足位移检测精度要求。According to the analysis of the detection results, the root mean square error is relatively small, which can meet the precision requirements of displacement detection.
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| CN103399083A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-11-20 | 南昌航空大学 | Method for restraining lift-off effect of impulse eddy current testing |
| CN104359389A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Pulsed eddy current measuring method for measuring relative wall thickness variable of ferromagnetic component |
| CN109579686A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-05 | 科瑞工业自动化系统（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of method and system using electric vortex sensor measuring metal thickness |
| US10561984B2 (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2020-02-18 | Jiangnan Environmental Protection Group Inc. | Desulfurization absorption tower |
| CN111043946A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-04-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Magnetic field interference noise test system for eddy current displacement sensor |
| CN114960662A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-08-30 | 天津大学 | Foundation pit leakage detection method based on transient electromagnetic response |
| CN115048746A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-13 | 西安理工大学 | Method for calculating vibration probability density curve of rotating wheel of full-through-flow turbine |
| CN119470182A (en) * | 2025-01-14 | 2025-02-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery slurry detection device and method |
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| CN103399083A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-11-20 | 南昌航空大学 | Method for restraining lift-off effect of impulse eddy current testing |
| CN104359389A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Pulsed eddy current measuring method for measuring relative wall thickness variable of ferromagnetic component |
| CN104359389B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-04-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | Pulsed eddy current measuring method for measuring relative wall thickness variable of ferromagnetic component |
| US10561984B2 (en) | 2017-07-03 | 2020-02-18 | Jiangnan Environmental Protection Group Inc. | Desulfurization absorption tower |
| CN109579686A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-05 | 科瑞工业自动化系统（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of method and system using electric vortex sensor measuring metal thickness |
| CN111043946A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-04-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Magnetic field interference noise test system for eddy current displacement sensor |
| CN111043946B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-05-28 | 合肥工业大学 | An Eddy Current Displacement Sensor Magnetic Field Interference Noise Test System |
| CN115048746A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-09-13 | 西安理工大学 | Method for calculating vibration probability density curve of rotating wheel of full-through-flow turbine |
| CN115048746B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2024-07-26 | 西安理工大学 | Method for calculating the vibration probability density curve of the runner of a full-flow hydraulic turbine |
| CN114960662A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-08-30 | 天津大学 | Foundation pit leakage detection method based on transient electromagnetic response |
| CN114960662B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-05-24 | 天津大学 | Foundation pit leakage detection method based on transient electromagnetic response |
| CN119470182A (en) * | 2025-01-14 | 2025-02-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery slurry detection device and method |
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