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CN102926862B - Convex inner two-phase cam rolling shifting transmission internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Convex inner two-phase cam rolling shifting transmission internal-combustion engine Download PDF

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CN102926862B
CN102926862B CN201210366923.XA CN201210366923A CN102926862B CN 102926862 B CN102926862 B CN 102926862B CN 201210366923 A CN201210366923 A CN 201210366923A CN 102926862 B CN102926862 B CN 102926862B
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cam ring
phase cam
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combustion engine
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CN102926862A (en
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梁尚明
柳明辉
贺飞飞
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

外凸内两相凸轮滚移传动内燃机,涉及燃气动力领域,属于多缸内燃机。本发明提供一种新型内燃机,八个气缸环形对称均布在外凸内两相内凸轮周围,使外凸内两相内凸轮受合力为零,气缸活塞通过推杆直接作用于外凸内两相内凸轮上,动力由外凸内两相内凸轮经两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动传给与中心轮键联接的输出轴。该内燃机省去了传统内燃机中的连杆和曲轴,其外凸内两相内凸轮滚移传动机构没有偏心质量、具有惯性力及工作载荷自平衡的特点。输出轴转速取决于活齿传动的传动比,若活齿架固定,则中心轮低速大扭矩输出,可广泛应用于需大功率的工程机械、军事等领域,诸如挖掘机,装甲车等。该内燃机结构简单紧凑、轴向尺寸小,受力自平衡,运转平稳。

The utility model relates to an external convex internal two-phase cam rolling transmission internal combustion engine, relates to the field of gas power, and belongs to a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The invention provides a new type of internal combustion engine. Eight cylinders are symmetrically and evenly distributed around the inner two-phase inner cam, which is convex and inner. On the inner cam, the power is transmitted to the output shaft keyed with the center wheel by the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam through the two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission. The internal combustion engine omits the connecting rod and crankshaft in the traditional internal combustion engine, and its external convex internal two-phase internal cam rolling transmission mechanism has no eccentric mass, and has the characteristics of inertial force and working load self-balancing. The speed of the output shaft depends on the transmission ratio of the movable gear drive. If the movable gear frame is fixed, the center wheel will output high torque at low speed, which can be widely used in engineering machinery, military and other fields that require high power, such as excavators and armored vehicles. The internal combustion engine has simple and compact structure, small axial dimension, self-balanced force, and stable operation.

Description

外凸内两相凸轮滚移传动内燃机External convex internal two-phase cam rolling transmission internal combustion engine

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及燃气动力领域,更具体地说,是一种外凸内两相凸轮滚移传动内燃机。 The invention relates to the field of gas power, more specifically, an internal-combustion engine with a convex-inside two-phase cam rolling transmission.

背景技术 Background technique

目前使用较普遍的内燃机是四冲程曲轴连杆型内燃机,这种内燃机的传动结构都采用曲柄连杆机构,通过连杆带动曲轴,从而将活塞的直线运动转化为曲轴的旋转运动。由于这种内燃机是靠活塞的直线运动和连杆的平面运动来驱使曲轴作旋转运动,从而造成各运动副之间存在着较大的摩擦,导致内燃机传动效率低。曲轴连杆型内燃机还有如下主要缺陷:体积大;连杆、曲轴上的不平衡离心力较大;冲击大,振动大;并由此引起较大的机械磨损,使内燃机寿命缩短;结构复杂、加工、制造、装配等都比较困难。 The most commonly used internal combustion engine at present is a four-stroke crankshaft connecting rod type internal combustion engine. The transmission structure of this internal combustion engine all adopts a crank connecting rod mechanism, and the crankshaft is driven by the connecting rod, thereby converting the linear motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft. Because this internal combustion engine drives the crankshaft to rotate by the linear motion of the piston and the planar motion of the connecting rod, there is a large friction between the kinematic pairs, resulting in low transmission efficiency of the internal combustion engine. The crankshaft connecting rod type internal combustion engine also has the following major defects: large volume; large unbalanced centrifugal force on the connecting rod and crankshaft; large impact and large vibration; and thus cause large mechanical wear and shorten the life of the internal combustion engine; complex structure, It is difficult to process, manufacture and assemble.

另外,通常内燃机与变速装置是两个独立的机器,内燃机需另外安装减速器用于后续变速,造成体积庞大。 In addition, usually the internal combustion engine and the transmission device are two independent machines, and the internal combustion engine needs to be additionally equipped with a reducer for subsequent transmission, resulting in a large volume.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是:为克服现有曲轴连杆型内燃机存在的上述缺陷,本发明提供一种结构简单紧凑、体积小、冲击振动小、运转平稳、功率大、寿命长、效率高的低速大扭矩四冲程内燃机——外凸内两相凸轮滚移传动内燃机。 The object of the present invention is: in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects existing in the existing crankshaft connecting rod type internal combustion engine, the present invention provides a low-speed diesel engine with simple and compact structure, small volume, small impact vibration, stable operation, high power, long life and high efficiency. Torque four-stroke internal combustion engine - external convex internal two-phase cam roll transmission internal combustion engine.

本发明为解决其技术问题所采取的技术方案是:一种外凸内两相凸轮滚移传动内燃机,主要由排气门(1)、气缸盖(2)、气缸(3)、进气门(4)、缸体(5)、活塞(6)、推杆(7)、弹簧(8)、滚子(9)、输出轴(10)、外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、滚移活齿(12)、活齿架(13)、中心轮(14)及起动系统、配气系统、冷却系统、供油系统、润滑系统等组成,其特征在于:在外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的周围环形对称均布八个气缸(3),外凸内两相内凸轮滚移传动机构将活塞的往复直线运动转变为输出轴的旋转运动——气缸活塞(6)通过推杆(7)的直线往复运动使得外凸内两相内凸轮(11)旋转,外凸内两相内凸轮(11)将动力经两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动传给与中心论(14)键连接的输出轴(10),最后动力由输出轴(10)输出,外凸内两相内凸轮(11)将内燃机和两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动有机地融为一体,使内燃机无需再配备减速器。 The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a two-phase cam rolling transmission internal combustion engine with an outer convex inner, mainly composed of an exhaust valve (1), a cylinder head (2), a cylinder (3), an intake valve (4), cylinder block (5), piston (6), push rod (7), spring (8), roller (9), output shaft (10), two-phase inner cam with outer convex inner (11), roller It is composed of movable tooth (12), movable tooth frame (13), center wheel (14), starting system, air distribution system, cooling system, oil supply system, lubrication system, etc. (11) There are eight cylinders (3) symmetrically and evenly distributed in a ring, and the two-phase internal cam rolling transmission mechanism converts the reciprocating linear motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the output shaft—the cylinder piston (6) passes through the push rod The linear reciprocating motion of (7) makes the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) rotate, and the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) transmits the power to the central theory (14) through the two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission The output shaft (10) connected by a key, the final power is output by the output shaft (10), and the external convex internal two-phase internal cam (11) organically integrates the internal combustion engine and the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth drive, so that the internal combustion engine does not need Equipped with a reducer.

在上述技术方案中,外凸内两相内凸轮滚移传动机构由凸轮机构和两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构有机的组合而成。其中,凸轮机构由推杆(7)、滚子(9)、外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、缸体(5)、弹簧(8)组成,推杆(7)的一端与活塞(6)固定联接,另一端装有滚子(9),推杆(7)与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)之间的接触因滚子(9)由滑动摩擦联接变为滚动摩擦联接,弹簧(8)的一端固定在活塞(6)下面,另一端固定在气缸下部的凸台上,弹簧(8)使推杆上的滚子(9)始终与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)接触,每个气缸都配有活塞、带滚子的推杆及弹簧。 In the above technical solution, the externally convex and internal two-phase internal cam rolling transmission mechanism is formed by an organic combination of a cam mechanism and a two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism. Among them, the cam mechanism is composed of a push rod (7), a roller (9), a convex inner two-phase inner cam (11), a cylinder body (5), and a spring (8). One end of the push rod (7) is connected to the piston ( 6) Fixed connection, the other end is equipped with a roller (9), the contact between the push rod (7) and the convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) is changed from a sliding friction connection to a rolling friction connection due to the roller (9) , one end of the spring (8) is fixed under the piston (6), and the other end is fixed on the boss at the lower part of the cylinder. The spring (8) makes the roller (9) on the push rod always align with the two-phase inner cam ( 11) Contact, each cylinder is equipped with piston, push rod with roller and spring.

两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构由外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、滚移活齿(12)、活齿架(13)、中心轮(14)和与其键联接的输出轴(10)组成。外凸内两相内凸轮(11) 的外表面是具有互成90°夹角且轴心对称的四个凸出部分的四相凸轮廓,内部是双偏心圆或椭圆形两相内凸轮,故外凸内两相内凸轮(11)既是凸轮机构中的凸轮,又是两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构中的两相内凸轮,外凸内两相内凸轮(11)将内燃机和两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动有机地合二为一,整个两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构内置于外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的内部。 The two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism consists of an outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11), a rolling movable tooth (12), a movable gear rack (13), a center wheel (14) and an output shaft ( 10) Composition. The outer surface of the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) is a four-phase convex profile with four convex parts that form an angle of 90° with each other and are axially symmetrical, and the inside is a double eccentric or elliptical two-phase inner cam. Therefore, the convex internal two-phase internal cam (11) is not only the cam in the cam mechanism, but also the two-phase internal cam in the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism. The external convex internal two-phase internal cam (11) connects the internal combustion engine and The two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission is organically combined into one, and the entire two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism is built in the inside of the outward convex internal two-phase internal cam (11).

滚移活齿(12)由滚动组件和移动组件两部分组成,其中滚动组件由套筒(15)和滚针(16)组成;移动组件由移动销钉(17),移动块(18)组成。滚动组件被移动销钉(17)的大端和移动块(18)限制在移动销钉(17)上,并与移动销钉(17)组成转动副,移动块(18)和移动销钉(17)的大端可在活齿架(13)的径向导槽中移动并与活齿架(13)组成移动副;套筒(15)的外圆柱表面与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)和中心轮(14)分别相啮合各组成一个滚动副,移动块(18)与移动销钉(17)间隙配合,以使移动销钉(17)的大端和移动块(18)能自适应活齿架的径向导槽,避免出现卡死现象。 The rolling movable tooth (12) is composed of a rolling assembly and a moving assembly, wherein the rolling assembly is composed of a sleeve (15) and a needle (16); the moving assembly is composed of a moving pin (17) and a moving block (18). The rolling assembly is restricted on the moving pin (17) by the big end of the moving pin (17) and the moving block (18), and forms a rotating pair with the moving pin (17). The large end of the moving block (18) and the moving pin (17) The end can move in the radial guide groove of the movable gear frame (13) and form a moving pair with the movable gear frame (13); the outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve (15) is in contact with the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) and the center wheel ( 14) Each meshes with each other to form a rolling pair, and the moving block (18) and the moving pin (17) are in clearance fit, so that the large end of the moving pin (17) and the moving block (18) can adapt to the radial guide of the movable rack. slot to avoid jamming.

外凸内两相内凸轮(11) 的外表面凸轮轮廓曲线可以根据实际设计需要选定,以获得最佳的动力学性能,提高内燃机的能量转换效率。输出轴(10)、外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、活齿架(13)和中心轮(14)等零件的轴心线重合并由机架轴承支承。滚移活齿的齿数Z12和中心轮的波数Z14相差为2,活齿架(13)与机架固联,中心轮(14)与输出轴(10)键联接;滚移活齿(12)与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、中心轮(14)分别相啮合均形成高副,即套筒(15)的外圆柱表面与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)和中心轮(14)分别相啮合各组成一个滚动副。 The outer surface cam profile curve of the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) can be selected according to actual design requirements to obtain the best dynamic performance and improve the energy conversion efficiency of the internal combustion engine. The axis lines of parts such as output shaft (10), convex inner two-phase inner cam (11), movable rack (13) and center wheel (14) overlap and are supported by frame bearings. The difference between the number of teeth Z 12 of the rolling movable teeth and the wave number Z 14 of the center wheel is 2, the movable gear frame (13) is fixedly connected with the frame, and the center wheel (14) is keyed to the output shaft (10); the rolling movable teeth ( 12) Mesh with the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) and the center wheel (14) respectively to form a high pair, that is, the outer cylindrical surface of the sleeve (15) and the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) and the center Wheels (14) are meshed respectively to form a rolling pair.

输出轴转速取决于两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动的传动比,而适当选择两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动的配齿方案,可获得较大的传动比,可以实现低速大扭矩输出。 The rotation speed of the output shaft depends on the transmission ratio of the two-phase internal cam rolling movable gear transmission, and the proper selection of the gear matching scheme of the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission can obtain a larger transmission ratio and realize low-speed high-torque output.

在上述技术方案中,在外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的周围环形对称均布八个气缸(3),其中任意两个相隔180°对称布置的气缸活塞(6)工作状态同步,将工作状态同步的两个气缸活塞作为一组,四组气缸活塞依次进行吸气冲程、压缩冲程、气体燃烧做功冲程和排气冲程,相邻两组气缸的活塞冲程进程对应于外凸内两相内凸轮(11)转角的相位差为45°。气缸活塞(6)通过推杆(7)的直线往复运动使得外凸内两相内凸轮(11)旋转,外凸内两相内凸轮将动力经两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动传给与中心轮键联接的输出轴(10),最后动力由输出轴(10)输出。在两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动中,外凸内两相内凸轮(11)与滚移活齿(12)为多齿啮合,故可实现大功率、大扭矩的传动。 In the above technical solution, eight cylinders (3) are distributed symmetrically and evenly in a circular shape around the two-phase internal cam (11), which is convex and internal. The two cylinder pistons with synchronous state are taken as a group, and the four groups of cylinder pistons perform the suction stroke, compression stroke, gas combustion power stroke and exhaust stroke in sequence. The phase difference of cam (11) rotation angle is 45 °. The linear reciprocating motion of the cylinder piston (6) through the push rod (7) makes the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) rotate, and the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam transmits power to the The output shaft (10) of the central wheel key coupling, the final power is output by the output shaft (10). In the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission, the convex internal two-phase internal cam (11) and the rolling movable tooth (12) are multi-teeth meshed, so high power and high torque transmission can be realized.

与已有技术相比本发明的主要发明点在于。 Compared with prior art, main inventive point of the present invention is.

①外凸内两相内凸轮的外部为具有四个互成90°夹角凸出部分的四相凸轮,而内部是双偏心圆或椭圆形两相内凸轮结构,将两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构内置于凸轮机构的凸轮中,使凸轮机构中的凸轮和两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构中的两相内凸轮合二为一,得到外凸内两相内凸轮滚移传动机构,并用该新机构取代现有曲轴连杆型内燃机中的曲柄连杆机构,将活齿传动技术引入内燃机技术领域,不但彻底去除了曲轴和连杆,而且将内燃机与变速装置(减速器)合二为一,得到了一种结构紧凑、小巧的新型大功率动力机器,与曲轴连杆型内燃机相比,本发明内燃机轴向尺寸大大减小。 ① The outer part of the two-phase inner cam with convex inner part is a four-phase cam with four protruding parts at an angle of 90° to each other, while the inner part is a double eccentric circle or oval two-phase inner cam structure, which rolls the two-phase inner cam The movable tooth transmission mechanism is built in the cam of the cam mechanism, so that the cam in the cam mechanism and the two-phase internal cam rolling of the two-phase internal cam in the movable tooth transmission mechanism are combined into one, and the external convex internal two-phase internal cam rolling is obtained. transmission mechanism, and use this new mechanism to replace the crank-link mechanism in the existing crankshaft-connecting rod type internal combustion engine, and introduce the movable tooth transmission technology into the technical field of internal combustion engines, which not only completely removes the crankshaft and connecting rod, but also integrates the internal combustion engine ) combined into one, a compact and small novel high-power power machine is obtained. Compared with the crankshaft connecting rod type internal combustion engine, the axial dimension of the internal combustion engine of the present invention is greatly reduced.

②在外凸内两相内凸轮的周围环形对称均布八个气缸,气缸活塞通过推杆的直线往复运动使得外凸内两相内凸轮旋转,外凸内两相内凸轮将动力经两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动传给与中心轮键联接的输出轴,最后动力由输出轴输出。 ② There are eight cylinders symmetrically and evenly distributed in a circle around the convex inner two-phase inner cam. The linear reciprocating motion of the cylinder piston through the push rod makes the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam rotate, and the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam transfers the power through the two-phase inner cam. The cam rolling movable tooth transmission is transmitted to the output shaft keyed with the center wheel, and finally the power is output by the output shaft.

③内燃机的动力输出轴为与中心轮键联接的输出轴,两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动以外凸内两相内凸轮输入动力,活齿架固定,中心轮输出,可以实现较大的传动比,内燃机低速大扭矩输出动力。 ③The power output shaft of the internal combustion engine is the output shaft keyed to the center wheel. The two-phase internal cam rolls and moves the movable gear transmission. The external convex internal two-phase internal cam inputs power, the movable gear frame is fixed, and the center wheel outputs, which can realize a large transmission. Compared with the internal combustion engine, it outputs power at low speed and high torque.

④输出轴转速取决于两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动的传动比,而适当选择两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动的配齿方案,可获得较大的传动比,且激波器为两相内凸轮,滚移活齿的齿数Z12和中心轮的波数Z14相差为2,不需偏心安装,整个机构受力自平衡。 ④The rotational speed of the output shaft depends on the transmission ratio of the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission, and a larger transmission ratio can be obtained by properly selecting the gear matching scheme of the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission, and the shock wave is two The difference between the number of teeth Z 12 of the rolling movable teeth and the wave number Z 14 of the center wheel is 2 for the internal cam, no eccentric installation is required, and the whole mechanism is self-balanced under force.

⑤两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动中,外凸内两相内凸轮与滚移活齿为多齿啮合,故可实现大功率、大扭矩的传动。 ⑤ In the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission, the external convex internal two-phase internal cam and the rolling movable tooth are meshed with multiple teeth, so high power and high torque transmission can be realized.

⑥两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构中的滚移活齿结合了滚针轴承的特点,滚移活齿在沿着活齿架的导槽做径向移动的同时其套筒又绕自身轴线滚动,阻力减小,运行平稳。 ⑥The rolling movable tooth in the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism combines the characteristics of the needle bearing. The axis rolls, the resistance is reduced, and the operation is smooth.

⑦滚移活齿的移动块与移动销钉采用间隙配合,既避免了活齿架与滚移活齿出现卡死现象,又降低了制造精度,使制造成本降低。 ⑦ The moving block of the rolling movable tooth and the moving pin adopt a clearance fit, which not only avoids the jamming phenomenon of the movable tooth frame and the rolling movable tooth, but also reduces the manufacturing precision and reduces the manufacturing cost.

本发明与现有往复式曲轴连杆型内燃机相比,具有以下有益的技术效果。 Compared with the existing reciprocating crankshaft connecting rod type internal combustion engine, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects.

1.冲击小、振动小、噪声小、运转平稳 1. Small impact, small vibration, low noise, stable operation

由于本发明采用外凸内两相内凸轮滚移传动机构取代了现有曲轴连杆型内燃机中的曲柄连杆机构,彻底取消了曲轴和连杆,外凸内两相内凸轮和两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构都是轴对称结构,没有偏心质量和不平衡离心力,消除了因曲轴质量偏心、连杆作平面运动引起的惯性力和倾覆力矩以及由此产生的冲击振动和噪声,消除了连杆偏摆导致活塞拍击气缸壁造成的振动和噪声。 Because the present invention adopts the outward convex internal two-phase internal cam rolling transmission mechanism to replace the crank connecting rod mechanism in the existing crankshaft connecting rod type internal combustion engine, the crankshaft and connecting rod are completely eliminated, and the external convex internal two-phase internal cam and the two-phase internal The cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism is all axisymmetric structure, without eccentric mass and unbalanced centrifugal force, which eliminates the inertial force and overturning moment caused by the eccentric mass of the crankshaft and the planar movement of the connecting rod, as well as the resulting impact vibration and noise. Eliminates the vibration and noise caused by the piston slapping the cylinder wall caused by the deflection of the connecting rod.

在外凸内两相内凸轮的周围环形对称均布八个气缸,其中任意两个相隔180°对称布置的气缸活塞工作状态同步,即:或同时吸气、或同时压缩、或同时气体燃烧做功、或同时排气,因此,冲击力总是成对的出现,可以相互抵消,使外凸内两相内凸轮受合力为零,故冲击振动较小,因而内燃机运转非常平稳。 Eight cylinders are arranged symmetrically and evenly in a circle around the two-phase inner cam with the outer convex inner, and any two cylinders and pistons arranged symmetrically at a distance of 180° are in synchronous working state, that is, either suction at the same time, or compression at the same time, or gas combustion and work at the same time, Or exhaust at the same time. Therefore, the impact force always occurs in pairs, which can cancel each other out, so that the resultant force of the two-phase inner cam on the outside and inside is zero, so the impact vibration is small, so the internal combustion engine runs very smoothly.

2.结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、轴向尺寸小 2. Compact structure, small size, light weight, small axial dimension

由于取消了笨重复杂的曲轴,各气缸环形对称均布在外凸内两相内凸轮周围,而且两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构内置于外凸内两相内凸轮中,外凸内两相内凸轮既是凸轮机构中的凸轮,又是两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构中的两相内凸轮,所以本发明的内燃机结构紧凑、轴向尺寸小、体积小、重量轻。 Due to the cancellation of the heavy and complicated crankshaft, each cylinder is distributed symmetrically and uniformly around the two-phase inner cam with outer convex inner, and the two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism is built in the inner two-phase inner cam with outer convex inner, and the inner two-phase inner cam with outer convex The inner cam is not only the cam in the cam mechanism, but also the two-phase inner cam in the two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism, so the internal combustion engine of the present invention has compact structure, small axial dimension, small volume and light weight.

本发明采用外凸内两相内凸轮滚移传动机构输出活塞产生的动力,将内燃机与变速装置(减速器)合二为一,无需另配减速装置,结构大大缩减,所以结构紧凑、小巧。 The invention adopts the power generated by the output piston of the two-phase internal cam rolling transmission mechanism with external convex internal, and combines the internal combustion engine and the speed change device (reducer) into one, without additional deceleration device, and the structure is greatly reduced, so the structure is compact and small.

3.传动比较大,整机一体化预减速 3. The transmission ratio is relatively large, and the whole machine is integrated with pre-deceleration

本内燃机的动力输出轴为与中心轮键联接的输出轴,两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动以外凸内两相内凸轮输入动力,活齿架固定,中心轮输出,适当选择配齿方案,可以实现较大的传动比,而且仍然保持结构紧凑、质量小、体积小等诸多优点。内燃机低速大扭矩输出动力,可广泛应用于需大功率机械传动的军事、工程机械等领域,诸如坦克、装甲车和挖掘机、推土机等。 The power output shaft of the internal combustion engine is the output shaft keyed to the center wheel. The two-phase internal cam rolls and the movable gear drives the external convex internal two-phase internal cam to input power, the movable gear frame is fixed, and the central wheel outputs. It can achieve a larger transmission ratio, and still maintain many advantages such as compact structure, small mass, and small volume. The internal combustion engine can output power at low speed and high torque, which can be widely used in military and engineering machinery and other fields that require high-power mechanical transmission, such as tanks, armored vehicles, excavators, bulldozers, etc.

4.摩擦磨损小、受力自平衡、油耗低、效率高、寿命长 4. Small friction and wear, self-balancing force, low fuel consumption, high efficiency and long service life

因为活塞的驱动力通过推杆滚子直接传递给外凸内两相内凸轮后经两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动传给输出轴输出。活塞推杆与外凸内两相内凸轮之间为滚动摩擦联接,传动效率高,取消了磨损严重、摩擦功耗大的曲柄连杆机构。两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动为多齿啮合、承载能力大,又是滚动啮合,使传动效率高,因多齿同时啮合,输出刚度大,传动也更加平稳可靠。同时外凸内两相内凸轮可以实现激波并保证其自身及其内部活齿的受力自动平衡,在传动装置中不存在一齿差活齿传动中需偏心安装凸轮而存在的惯性力、激振力和倾覆力矩等,从传动原理上避免了传动装置的振动激励,从而有利于提高传动的效率,其效率值可达0.95。机械摩擦磨损也较小,油耗低,内燃机寿命较长。 Because the driving force of the piston is directly transmitted to the external convex internal two-phase internal cam through the push rod roller, and then transmitted to the output shaft for output through the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission. The piston push rod and the two-phase inner cam with outer convex inner are connected by rolling friction, the transmission efficiency is high, and the crank connecting rod mechanism with serious wear and large friction power consumption is eliminated. The two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission is multi-teeth meshing, with large bearing capacity and rolling meshing, which makes the transmission efficiency high. Because the multi-teeth are meshing at the same time, the output rigidity is large, and the transmission is more stable and reliable. At the same time, the convex inner two-phase inner cam can realize the shock wave and ensure the automatic balance of the force of itself and the inner movable teeth. In the transmission device, there is no inertial force, Exciting force and overturning moment, etc., avoid the vibration excitation of the transmission device from the transmission principle, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the transmission, and its efficiency value can reach 0.95. The mechanical friction and wear are also small, the fuel consumption is low, and the service life of the internal combustion engine is long.

5.具有良好的经济性、动力性和排放指标 5. Good economy, power and emission indicators

由于活塞的运动规律完全取决于外凸内两相内凸轮的外部轮廓曲线,所以可通过选取恰当的活塞运动规律来设计凸轮轮廓,而恰当的活塞运动规律应当使气缸中的气体燃烧充分、完善、燃料热能利用率高,因此,本发明内燃机具有良好的动力性、经济性和排放指标,可达到节能环保和提高机器效率的目的。 Since the motion law of the piston depends entirely on the external contour curve of the two-phase internal cam with the outer convex inner, the cam profile can be designed by selecting the appropriate piston motion law, and the appropriate piston motion law should make the gas in the cylinder burn fully and perfectly. 1. The utilization rate of fuel heat energy is high. Therefore, the internal combustion engine of the present invention has good power, economy and emission indicators, and can achieve the goals of energy saving, environmental protection and machine efficiency.

6.结构简单、工艺性好、生产成本低 6. Simple structure, good manufacturability, low production cost

本发明内燃机中的零件结构简单、工艺性好、生产成本低,彻底取消了结构复杂、加工制造困难的曲轴和连杆。 The parts in the internal combustion engine of the invention have simple structure, good manufacturability and low production cost, and the crankshaft and connecting rod which are complex in structure and difficult to manufacture are completely eliminated.

7.承载能力大 7. Large carrying capacity

两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动为多齿啮合,传动平稳,滚移活齿可共同分担载荷实现功率分流。故内燃机运行平稳,抵抗冲击和振动的能力较强,承载能力大。 The two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission is multi-teeth meshing, the transmission is stable, and the rolling movable teeth can share the load together to realize power splitting. Therefore, the internal combustion engine runs smoothly, has a strong ability to resist shock and vibration, and has a large carrying capacity.

具体实施例 specific embodiment

图1~图5所示外凸内两相凸轮滚移传动内燃机,由排气门(1)、气缸盖(2)、气缸(3)、进气门(4)、缸体(5)、活塞(6)、推杆(7)、弹簧(8)、滚子(9)、输出轴(10)、外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、滚移活齿(12)、活齿架(13)、中心轮(14)等组成。在外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的周围环形对称均布八个气缸(3),相邻两个气缸的夹角为45°。每个气缸(3)中有一个活塞(6),推杆(7)的一端与活塞(6)固结在一起,另一端装有滚子(9),推杆(7)与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)之间通过滚子(9)由滑动摩擦联接变为滚动摩擦联接,弹簧(8)的一端固定在活塞(6)底部,另一端固定在气缸(3)下部的凸台上,弹簧(8)的作用是使推杆(7)上的滚子(9)始终与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)接触。外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的外部是具有互成90°夹角且轴心对称的四个凸出部分的四相凸轮,内部是由双偏心圆组成的两相内凸轮。外凸内两相内凸轮(11)将凸轮机构和两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构有机的结合为一体。外凸内两相内凸轮(11)既是凸轮机构中的凸轮,又是两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构中的两相内凸轮,整个两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构内嵌于外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的内部。两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构由外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、滚移活齿(12)、活齿架(13)、中心轮(14)和与中心轮(14)键联接的输出轴(10)组成。活齿架(13)与机架固联,中心轮(14)与输出轴(10)键联接,滚移活齿(12)与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、中心轮(14)分别相啮合形成高副,即套筒(15)的外表面与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、中心轮(14)分别相啮合形成滚动副,套筒(15)通过滚针(16)套在移动销钉(17)上并被移动销钉(17)的大端和移动块(18)限制在移动销钉(17)上而与之组成滚动副,移动销钉(17)的大端与移动块(18)可同时在活齿架(12)的径向导槽中移动并与之形成移动副。输出轴(10)、外凸内两相内凸轮(11)、活齿架(13)和中心轮(14)等零件的轴心线重合并由机架轴承支承。因此本发明内燃机不仅有两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动的一系列优点,而且结构非常紧凑。外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的外表面凸轮轮廓曲线可按需要选取不同的曲线。本实施例按活塞(6)作余弦加速度运动规律来确定外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的外表面凸轮轮廓曲线,即当外凸内两相内凸轮(11)匀速转动时,活塞(6)按余弦加速度运动规律作往复直线运动,其运动周期为外凸内两相内凸轮(11)旋转周期的四分之一。本实施例内燃机的动力输出轴为与中心轮键联接的输出轴(10),两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动以外凸内两相内凸轮输入动力,活齿架固定,中心轮输出,可以实现较大的传动比,内燃机可低速大扭矩输出动力。 Figures 1 to 5 show an internal-combustion engine with a convex internal two-phase cam rolling transmission, which consists of an exhaust valve (1), a cylinder head (2), a cylinder (3), an intake valve (4), a cylinder block (5), Piston (6), push rod (7), spring (8), roller (9), output shaft (10), convex inner two-phase inner cam (11), rolling movable tooth (12), movable gear rack (13), central wheel (14) etc. are formed. Eight air cylinders (3) are evenly distributed circularly symmetrically around the two-phase inner cam (11) which is convex inside, and the angle between two adjacent air cylinders is 45°. There is a piston (6) in each cylinder (3), one end of the push rod (7) is solidified with the piston (6), and the other end is equipped with a roller (9), and the push rod (7) is connected with the outer convex inner The two-phase internal cams (11) change from sliding friction connection to rolling friction connection through rollers (9). One end of the spring (8) is fixed on the bottom of the piston (6), and the other end is fixed on the protrusion at the bottom of the cylinder (3). On the stage, the effect of the spring (8) is to make the roller (9) on the push rod (7) contact with the two-phase inner cam (11) of the outer convex inner part all the time. The outside of the convex inner two-phase internal cam (11) is a four-phase cam with four bulges that are mutually symmetrical at an angle of 90°, and the inside is a two-phase internal cam composed of double eccentric circles. The convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) organically combines the cam mechanism and the two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism as a whole. The outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) is not only the cam in the cam mechanism, but also the two-phase inner cam in the two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism, and the whole two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism is embedded in the The inside of the two-phase inner cam (11) in the outward convex. The two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism consists of an outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11), a rolling movable tooth (12), a movable gear rack (13), a center wheel (14) and a key to the center wheel (14). The connected output shaft (10) is formed. The movable gear frame (13) is fixedly connected with the frame, the center wheel (14) is keyed to the output shaft (10), the rolling movable tooth (12) is connected with the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11), and the center wheel (14) Mesh with each other to form a high pair, that is, the outer surface of the sleeve (15) meshes with the two-phase inner cam (11) and the center wheel (14) respectively to form a rolling pair, and the sleeve (15) passes through the needle (16) ) is set on the moving pin (17) and is limited by the big end of the moving pin (17) and the moving block (18) to form a rolling pair with it, the big end of the moving pin (17) and the moving The block (18) can move in the radial guide groove of the movable rack (12) at the same time and form a moving pair with it. The axis lines of parts such as output shaft (10), convex inner two-phase inner cam (11), movable rack (13) and center wheel (14) overlap and are supported by frame bearings. Therefore, the internal combustion engine of the present invention not only has a series of advantages of the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission, but also has a very compact structure. The cam profile curve of the outer surface of the two-phase inner cam (11) that is convex and inner can be selected from different curves as required. In this embodiment, the outer surface cam profile curve of the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) is determined according to the cosine acceleration movement law of the piston (6), that is, when the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) rotates at a constant speed, the piston ( 6) Perform reciprocating linear motion according to the cosine acceleration motion law, and its motion cycle is a quarter of the rotation cycle of the external convex internal two-phase internal cam (11). The power output shaft of the internal combustion engine in this embodiment is the output shaft (10) keyed to the center wheel. The two-phase inner cam rolls and moves the movable gear drive to input power from the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam. The movable gear frame is fixed and the center wheel outputs. To achieve a larger transmission ratio, the internal combustion engine can output power at low speed and high torque.

本发明所述内燃机的工作原理是:当内燃机工作时,气体燃烧做功汽缸中的活塞(6),其驱动力通过推杆(7)直线往复运动作用于外凸内两相内凸轮(11)上,推动外凸内两相内凸轮(11)逆时针旋转,动力由外凸内两相内凸轮(11)经两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构传给输出轴(10)输出;由于外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的旋转,滚子(9)沿着外凸内两相内凸轮(11)轮廓滚动而使推杆(7)和没有做功的活塞(6)在气缸(3)内滑动,完成吸气、或压缩气体、或排气的任务。在图1中,将气缸a和e、b和f、c和g、d和h各作为一组,则共有四组气缸。设气缸a、e中的活塞处于吸气冲程的开始位置,气缸b、f中的活塞处于压缩冲程的开始位置,气缸c、g中的活塞处于气体燃烧做功冲程的开始位置,气缸d、h中的活塞处于排气冲程的开始位置,相邻两组气缸活塞的冲程进程相差一个冲程,对应于外凸内两相内凸轮(11)转角的相位差为45°。则外凸内两相内凸轮(11)逆时针转过45°以后,气缸b、f又开始燃烧做功,外凸内两相内凸轮再逆时针转过45°之后,气缸a、e又开始燃烧做功,气缸a、e燃烧做功完成以后接着是气缸d、h开始燃烧做功,之后又轮到气缸c和g燃烧做功,如此循环下去,使外凸内两相内凸轮(11)连续平稳地运转,外凸内两相内凸轮的内表面推动滚移活齿(12)运动,滚移活齿(12)在活齿架(13)的径向导槽中移动并在活齿架的约束作用下与中心轮(14)啮合,驱动中心轮(14)转动,然后由与中心轮(14)键联接的输出轴连续平稳地将动力和运动输出。由于每组气缸中的两个气缸相隔180°对称布置,并且工作状态随时相同,所以八个活塞(6)对外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的综合作用效果是:外凸内两相内凸轮(11)只受纯力偶的作用,而合力为零。由于外凸内两相内凸轮(11)和两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动机构不仅具有结构对称性,而且受力也是对称的,故它们所受合力为零,只受力偶作用。因此本发明内燃机的冲击振动小,运动平稳。 The working principle of the internal combustion engine of the present invention is: when the internal combustion engine is working, the gas burns the piston (6) in the working cylinder, and its driving force acts on the external convex internal two-phase internal cam (11) through the linear reciprocating motion of the push rod (7). , push the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) to rotate counterclockwise, and the power is transmitted from the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) to the output shaft (10) through the two-phase inner cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism for output; With the rotation of the convex inner two-phase inner cam (11), the roller (9) rolls along the contour of the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) so that the push rod (7) and the piston (6) that have not done work are in the cylinder ( 3) Sliding inside to complete the task of inhaling, or compressing gas, or exhausting. In Fig. 1, cylinders a and e, b and f, c and g, d and h are each regarded as a group, and there are four groups of cylinders in total. Assume that the pistons in cylinders a and e are at the beginning position of the suction stroke, the pistons in cylinders b and f are at the beginning position of the compression stroke, the pistons in cylinders c and g are at the beginning position of the gas combustion power stroke, and the cylinders d and h are The piston in the cylinder is at the start position of the exhaust stroke, and the stroke process of the pistons of two adjacent groups of cylinders differs by one stroke, corresponding to the phase difference of the rotation angle of the two-phase internal cam (11) which is convex and internal, and is 45°. Then, after the convex internal two-phase internal cam (11) turns counterclockwise by 45°, cylinders b and f start to burn and work again, and after the external convex internal two-phase internal cam turns counterclockwise by 45° again, cylinders a and e start to burn again. Combustion works, cylinders a and e complete the combustion work, then cylinders d and h start to burn work, and then it is the turn of cylinders c and g to burn work, and so on, so that the two-phase inner cam (11) with convex and inner two phases continues smoothly In operation, the inner surface of the two-phase inner cam, which is convex and inner, pushes the rolling movable tooth (12) to move, and the rolling movable tooth (12) moves in the radial guide groove of the movable gear frame (13) and is restrained by the movable gear frame. Mesh with the center wheel (14), drive the center wheel (14) to rotate, and then output the power and motion continuously and smoothly through the output shaft keyed with the center wheel (14). Since the two cylinders in each group of cylinders are symmetrically arranged 180° apart, and the working conditions are the same at any time, the combined effect of the eight pistons (6) on the outer convex inner two-phase inner cam (11) is: outer convex inner two-phase inner Cam (11) is only subjected to the effect of pure force couple, and resultant force is zero. Because the two-phase internal cam (11) with convex interior and the two-phase internal cam rolling movable tooth transmission mechanism not only have structural symmetry, but also the force is symmetrical, so their resultant force is zero, and they are only acted by force couples. Therefore, the impact vibration of the internal combustion engine of the present invention is small, and the movement is stable.

为说明本发明内燃机的变速特性,设滚移活齿(12)的齿数Z12=10,中心轮(14)的波数Z14=12,外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的转速为                                                。活齿架(13)固定(),则两相内凸轮滚移活齿传动的传动比为: In order to illustrate the speed change characteristics of the internal combustion engine of the present invention, it is assumed that the number of teeth Z 12 of the rolling movable tooth (12) = 10, the wave number Z 14 of the center wheel (14) = 12, and the rotational speed of the two-phase internal cam (11), which is convex and internal, is . Movable rack (13) is fixed ( ), then the transmission ratio of the two-phase internal cam rolling movable gear transmission is:

故得r/min,可见,中心轮(14)、输出轴(10)的转向与外凸内两相内凸轮(11)的相同,但转速远低于外凸内两相内凸轮(11),内燃机减速输出动力,可实现大扭矩低速输出。这种特性特别适合于大扭矩输出的场合,可广泛应用于需大功率机械传动的军事、工程机械等领域,诸如坦克、装甲车、挖掘机、推土机等。 so get r/min, it can be seen that the steering of the center wheel (14) and the output shaft (10) is the same as that of the convex inner two-phase internal cam (11), but the speed is much lower than that of the outward convex inner two-phase internal cam (11). The deceleration output power can realize the output of high torque and low speed. This feature is especially suitable for occasions with high torque output, and can be widely used in military and construction machinery fields that require high-power mechanical transmission, such as tanks, armored vehicles, excavators, bulldozers, etc.

本实施例的内燃机还设置有起动系统、配气系统、润滑系统、供油系统和冷却系统等。 The internal combustion engine of this embodiment is also provided with a starting system, an air distribution system, a lubricating system, an oil supply system, a cooling system, and the like.

Claims (4)

1. in evagination, two-phase cam rolls and moves transmission internal combustion engine, by exhaust valve (1), cylinder head (2), cylinder (3), intake valve (4), cylinder body (5), piston (6), push rod (7), spring (8), roller (9), output shaft (10), two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination, roll and move oscillating tooth (12), movable teeth rack (13), central gear (14) and starting system, gas distribution system, cooling system, oil supply system, lubrication system forms, it is characterized in that: symmetrical uniform eight cylinders (3) of the peripheral circular of two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination, in evagination, two-phase cam ring rolls and moves the rotary motion that the linear reciprocating motion of piston is changed into output shaft by driving mechanism---and cylinder piston (6) makes two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination rotate by the straight reciprocating motion of push rod (7), in evagination, power rolls through two-phase cam ring and moves Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer and pass to and the output shaft of central gear key connecting (10) by two-phase cam ring, last power is exported by output shaft (10), in evagination, internal-combustion engine and two-phase cam ring roll and move Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer and organically combine together by two-phase cam ring (11), make internal-combustion engine without the need to being equipped with retarder again, in above-mentioned evagination, two-phase cam ring rolls and moves driving mechanism and rolled by cam mechanism and two-phase cam ring and move movable tooth drive mechanism and organically combine, wherein cam mechanism is by push rod (7), two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination, cylinder body (5), spring (8) forms, one end of push rod and piston (6) are fixedly connected, the other end is equipped with roller (9), roller (9) make push rod (7) with in evagination between two-phase cam ring (11) for rolling friction connects, roller (9) on push rod (7) contacts with two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination all the time due to the effect of spring (8), two-phase cam ring roll move movable tooth drive mechanism by two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination, roll and move oscillating tooth (12), movable teeth rack (13), central gear (14) and form with the output shaft (10) of its key connecting, and in output shaft (10), evagination, the shaft axis of two-phase cam ring (11), movable teeth rack (13) and central gear (14) four parts overlaps and is supported by rack bearing, rolls the tooth number Z of moving oscillating tooth 12with the wave number Z of central gear (14) 14difference is 2, and movable teeth rack (13) and frame connect firmly, central gear (14) and output shaft (10) key connecting, above-mentioned rolling is moved oscillating tooth (12) and is made up of rolling assembly and moving assembly two-part, wherein rolling assembly is made up of sleeve (15) and needle roller (16), moving assembly is by mobile pin (17), moving block (18) forms, rolling assembly is moved the large end of pin (17) and moving block (18) is limited on mobile pin (17), and form revolute pair with mobile pin (17), the large end of moving block (18) and mobile pin (17) can move and form sliding pair with movable teeth rack (13) in the radial guide groove of movable teeth rack (13), outer cylinder surface and the two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination and central gear (14) of sleeve (15) are meshed each composition rolling pair respectively, moving block (18) and mobile pin (17) Spielpassung, so that the radial guide groove of the large end of mobile pin (17) and moving block (18) energy self adaption movable teeth rack, avoid occurring stuck phenomenon, output shaft rotating speed depends on that two-phase cam ring rolls the velocity ratio moving Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer, and suitably select two-phase cam ring to roll to move Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer join tooth scheme, larger velocity ratio can be obtained, low-speed big can be realized and export.
2. in evagination according to claim 1, two-phase cam rolls and moves transmission internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned evagination, the outside of two-phase cam ring (11) has mutual angle in 90 ° and four phase cams of four projections of axle center symmetry, inside is two eccentric circles or oval two-phase cam ring, therefore two-phase cam ring (11) is the cam in cam mechanism in evagination, be again that two-phase cam ring rolls the two-phase cam ring moved in movable tooth drive mechanism, whole two-phase cam ring rolls and moves the inside that movable tooth drive mechanism is embedded in two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination.
3. in evagination according to claim 1 and 2, two-phase cam rolls and moves transmission internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned internal-combustion engine, symmetrical uniform eight cylinders (3) of the peripheral circular of two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination, wherein any two the 180 ° of cylinder piston be arranged symmetrically with (6) working staties of being separated by are synchronous, using synchronous for working state two cylinder pistons as one group, four groups of cylinder pistons carry out suction stroke successively, compression stroke, gaseous combustion expansion stroke and exhaust stroke, the stroke of piston process of two adjacent groups cylinder is 45 ° corresponding to the phase difference of two-phase cam ring (11) corner in evagination, cylinder piston (6) makes two-phase cam ring (11) in evagination rotate by the straight reciprocating motion of push rod (7), in evagination, power rolls through two-phase cam ring and moves Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer and pass to and the output shaft of central gear key connecting (10) by two-phase cam ring, last power is exported by output shaft (10).
4. in evagination according to any one of claim 1 to 2, two-phase cam rolls and moves transmission internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: two-phase cam ring rolls and moves in Oscillating Tooth Gear Reducer, in evagination two-phase cam ring (11) with roll that to move oscillating tooth be multiple tooth engagement, therefore transmission that is high-power, high pulling torque can be realized.
CN201210366923.XA 2012-09-28 2012-09-28 Convex inner two-phase cam rolling shifting transmission internal-combustion engine Expired - Fee Related CN102926862B (en)

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