CN102916418A - Lightning protection and alarm structure - Google Patents
Lightning protection and alarm structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN102916418A CN102916418A CN2012104129239A CN201210412923A CN102916418A CN 102916418 A CN102916418 A CN 102916418A CN 2012104129239 A CN2012104129239 A CN 2012104129239A CN 201210412923 A CN201210412923 A CN 201210412923A CN 102916418 A CN102916418 A CN 102916418A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightning protection and alarm structure which comprises lightning current frequency impedance control units connected with a power circuit, lightning protection units and lightning monitoring and alarm units. The lightning current frequency impedance control units are connected to the power circuit in series, the lightning protection units are connected to the power circuit in parallel, and the lightning monitoring and alarm units and electrically connected with the lightning protection units. The lightning current frequency impedance control units, the lightning protection units and the lightning monitoring and alarm units are connected to the power circuit. Lightning is mainly integrated in a medium-low frequency range from several KHZ to hundreds of KHZ, and tandem current distribution and voltage distribution are formed by a device by only regulating circuit impedance in the frequency range to protect the device. The method is irrelevant to ground resistance, connecting cable length and residual voltage value, parallel bypass current distribution, transfer, amplitude decreasing and voltage stabilization are achieved by with a parallel TSPD (thyristor surge protector device) with no air switch, and accordingly the law of energy conservation is met and protective effect is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of intelligent lightning protection structure, related in particular to a kind of lightning protection and alarm structure.
Background technology
Existing shocking preventing technology or lightning protection device adopt parallel installation online over the ground between; when circuit has the lightning surge invasion; the parallel connection type lightning protection device lightning current of releasing over the ground; but lightning protection effect can be subject to earth resistance, connection cable length requirement, problems such as having cooperation hidden danger between multistage lightning protection and the lightning protection device need to be set, and lightning protection effect is subject to the restriction of many factors.There are following shortcomings and deficiencies in traditional shocking preventing technology and lightning protection device:
1, lightning protection device prime series connection air switch difficulty and lightning protection device and major loop air switch cooperate.Because electric power system and lightning-protection system have two specializations to finish, do not mate problem with incompatibility with regard to having caused between the system parameters.According to the present code requirement lightning protection device prime air switch of should connecting, prevent that the lightning protection device failed shorted from causing the major loop tripping operation, cause the load outage, prerequisite is that the lightning protection device air switch must be less than the current value of the air switch of major loop.If but will satisfy the maximum discharge current value of lightning protection device, the current value of lightning protection device air switch should need very large, so just caused the lightning protection device air switch greater than the current value of major loop air switch, short circuit then causes main circuit power load outage if lightning protection device breaks down, and affects the equipment operation.Therefore, lightning protection device, lightning protection device air switch, power circuit major loop air switch three exist mutually incompatible, do not mate, inharmonious.If the lightning protection air switch current value is large, when the lightning protection device failed shorted, not jump, major loop has but tripped, and causes equipment forever to cut off the power supply, the impact operation; If it is little that the lightning protection air switch current value selects, then can't satisfy the coupling of lightning protection device discharging current, when causing the lightning protection discharge, the lightning protection air switch tripping operation loses lightning protection function, if when thunder and lightning is invaded power-supply system again, with regard to cause damage of equipment.
2, shocking preventing technology adopts parallel multistage by-pass shunt protection, require lightning protection device inter-stage spacing distance far away, and residual voltage is high, weak effect.Existing shocking preventing technology adopts plural parallel stage formula shunt method, namely plural parallel stage is installed lightning protection device or lightning protection box (equally each lightning protection device prime also need to connect lightning protection device reserve air switch) between power circuit center line and ground, be three grades of lightning protection according to standard, cable mounting distance between every grade is more than 10 meters, guarantee that lightning protection device moves successively, release step by step, if be applied in mobile base station room, communications equipment rooms etc. are (this type of machine room gross area is between 10-20 square) during the small size machine room independently, therefore be difficult to realize every grade of cable mounting distance more than 10 meters.And the purpose of this shocking preventing technology is in order to ensure the inherently safe of lightning protection device, and lightning current enters to trespass greatly, and residual voltage is higher, lightning protection effect is poorer.
3, " edge ball " of the accurate parameter of actual parameter mark of thunder resisting equipment, canonical parameter is covered actual parameter, residual voltage when only marking nominal discharge current, the residual voltage of maximum discharge current time is mark not, cause when thunder-strike current arrives maximum discharge current, the residual voltage of thunder resisting equipment is still very high, even if thunder resisting equipment has moved, equipment still damages, and can not find to damage to be ready.According to the basic principle of the lightning protection lightning current of namely will releasing, reduce again residual voltage and more low better.Detect when the nominal discharge current according to the residual voltage of present standard lightning protection device, and maximum discharge current is 2～2.5 times of nominal discharge current, for example nominal discharge current is 50KA, maximum discharge current is at least 100KA so, residual voltage then is the residual voltage of measuring when the 50KA discharging current, and the mark or detect not just of the residual voltage during to 100KA, the data of maximum residual voltage have been covered, because the residual voltage when the test maximum discharge current should be 2 times of nominal discharge current, and residual voltage at this moment often exceeds the maximum withstand voltage of equipment, cause damage of equipment.
4, the condition monitoring functions such as the warning of lightning protection device fault-free or remote alarm make thunder resisting equipment become " black bear ", do not know whether lightning protection device damages and the thunderbolt situation, can not in time keep in repair and change.Lightning protection device is " black bear ", without active alarm or fault prompting function.The operating state of lightning protection device mostly is local indication at present, needs the attendant to estimate at the scene, detect, and just can pinpoint the problems.But at thunder and lightning frequently remote mountain areas or unattended mobile base station, machine room, lightning protection device has become " black bear " undoubtedly, be transferred to control centre without unusual alarm or fault alarm information, is not and the thunder resisting equipment ruuning situation of each base station, machine room known by control centre yet, and important thunder and lightning is invaded information, and (for example: lightning protection device lost efficacy? the tripping operation when suffering the first wave thunderbolt of lightning protection device reserve air switch? suffered the how many times thunderbolt? when suffered thunderbolt? suffered great thunderbolt? etc.).In order to understand thunder resisting equipment ruuning situation, must patrol and examine by regular or irregular artificial mode, minimum requirements is to make a call to a thunder to patrol and examine once, mostly base station, machine room tens kilometers of more than ten kilometer far away persons of person close to the control centre are far away, tens meters of the low persons of high-altitude station height above sea level, km on high person's hundreds of rice, maintenance difficulties and inspection operating efficiency are well imagined.Caused the difficult discovery of fault, difficult control, the difficult situation of safeguarding, maintenance cost remains high and the poor result of protection effect.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is in order to overcome technological deficiency recited above, a kind of lightning protection and alarm structure to be provided.
In order to solve technical problem recited above, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of lightning protection and alarm structure; include lightning current frequency impedance control unit, lightning protection unit and thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit that power circuit connects; described lightning current frequency impedance control unit is connected in the power circuit; described lightning protection unit is connected in parallel in the power circuit, and described thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit and lightning protection unit are electrically connected.
Described lightning current frequency impedance control unit further includes the first lightning current frequency impedance control unit, the second lightning current frequency impedance control unit, described the first lightning current frequency impedance control unit is connected in the L line of power circuit, and described the second lightning current frequency impedance control unit is connected in the N line of power circuit.
Described lightning current frequency impedance control unit further includes band stop filter and safety electric capacity, and described band stop filter is connected in the power circuit, and described safety Capacitance parallel connection is in power circuit.
Described safety electric capacity further includes differential mode protection safety capacitor C X and the common mode protection safety electric capacity that is connected in parallel on the power circuit.
Described lightning protection unit further includes one-level lightning protection unit and secondary lightning protection unit; described one-level lightning protection unit is connected in parallel on the input of lightning current frequency impedance control unit, and described secondary lightning protection unit is connected in parallel on the output of lightning current frequency impedance control unit.
The the second Thermal Cutoffs FU ' that is used for the heat monitoring that described lightning protection unit further includes the first Thermal Cutoffs FU, the varistor MOV that connects with the first Thermal Cutoffs FU and is arranged at varistor MOV side.
The temperature coefficient of the second Thermal Cutoffs FU ' is less than the temperature coefficient of the first Thermal Cutoffs FU.
Described thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit further includes lightning monitoring recorder, thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit, buzzer and remote alarm dry contact.
Instrument transformer on described lightning monitoring recorder and the lightning protection unit is electrically connected.
The present invention is by connecting lightning current frequency impedance control unit (ALFB), electronic type overcurrent, overvoltage, overheated lightning protection unit (TSPD) and the thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit by tandem dividing potential drop, shunting lightning protection function in power circuit.The main concentration of energy of thunder and lightning is in the medium and low frequency scope; between several KHZ～hundreds of KHZ; need only its impedance loop of adjustment in this frequency range with this; just can form tandem shunting, dividing potential drop for equipment; protection equipment; the method has nothing to do to earth resistance, connection cable length, residual voltage value, cooperates the parallel connection type TSPD without empty opening apparatus to carry out parallel by-pass shunt, transfer, the range of decrease, voltage stabilizing, satisfy energy conservation principle again, promotes protection effect.
Lightning protection provided by the invention and alarm structure have following characteristics:
1, realized forming with protected equipment the protected mode of tandem dividing potential drop, shunting.Lightning current frequency impedance control unit (ALFB) is connected in the power circuit, forms the dividing potential drop of connecting, divided current and realizes the coordination of I and II lightning protection unit with equipment when the thunder and lightning invasion is arranged, and realizes high discharge stream, low residual voltage.And save the lightning protection device inter-stage and need mounting distance requirement more than 10 meters.(L-N, L-PE, N-PE) is parallel with safety electric capacity between lightning current frequency impedance control unit (ALFB) is online, between line ground, and form the LC filter circuit with band stop filter, L-N line capacitance CX is used for suppressing the differential mode interference of power circuit, CY electric capacity between L-PE, N-PE line is used for suppressing the common mode disturbances of power circuit, can eliminate the noise jamming in the circuit, purify power grid quality.
2, solve the lightning protection sky and opened the cooperation hidden danger of opening with lightning protection device, major loop sky.(wherein one-level TSPD is 100KA by I and II lightning protection unit in lightning protection unit (TSPD); secondary TSPD is 40KA) form; after I and II lightning protection unit (TSPD) is connected in parallel on respectively the input and output and the normally closed remote signalling switch series connection with each TSPD of lightning current frequency impedance control unit (ALFB); provide normally closed signal; when any one TSPD damage or heating in the lightning protection module, on fire before, the normally closed signal in the loop become often opens signal and be transferred to lightning protection monitoring alarm unit.Lightning protection unit TSPD carries out spacing between by-pass shunt and line over the ground to lightning current, because the TSPD built-in chip type has overcurrent, overvoltage, overheated fuse, and lightning protection unit prime need not to connect lightning protection device air switch or fuse.TSPD and the rear shunting of connecting, dividing potential drop and the by-pass shunt in parallel to thunder and lightning, spacing, the range of decrease of just can realizing of ALFB combination.
3, thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit is comprised of TSPD condition monitoring interlink warning circuit and lightning monitoring recorder Drive and Control Circuit, has the local power supply indication, the lightning protection indication, the lightning protection Indication of Losing Efficacy, lightning protection worsens buzzing and reports to the police and long-range dry contact alarm, the alarm of outage dry contact, the lightning monitoring recorder can be to number of lightning strokes, the thunder and lightning time of origin, thunder and lightning invasion current value carries out store recording, can be with the operating state of lightning protection box, the thunderbolt situation is sent to tens kilometers outer control centres by RS-485 control bus or dry contact by machine room power environment monitoring system, can consult, copy, monitoring or warning realize Intellectualized monitoring, report to the police, protection.
4, be connected in the middle of the electric power loop; when thunder and lightning when invasion being arranged under the thunder and lightning frequency effect; lightning current frequency impedance control unit can rise with the frequency of thunder and lightning; and impedance is risen synchronously; form a powerful resistor; derivation formula R=U/I or U=IR according to Ohm's law I=U/R; the internal resistance of the impedance of thunder and lightning frequency impedance control unit and apparatus of load forms tandem dividing potential drop, shunting under the thunder and lightning spectral action; protection equipment, this protected mode and equipment ground resistance (lightning protection device earth resistance) requirement, connection cable length, residual voltage value have nothing to do.
5, the lightning current frequency impedance control unit (ALFB) of being furnished with tandem type dividing potential drop, shunting lightning protection function; be high impedance status at the thunder and lightning frequency effect; the I and II TSPD lightning protection unit of parallel connection type is carried out energy flux matched; satisfy that one-level is moved first, action (one-level overcurrent protection, secondary overvoltage protection) behind the secondary, solved the cable distribution required distance that needs between the lightning protection device more than 10 meters.And under the effect of thunder and lightning frequency impedance, the lightning protection residual voltage changes very little, has effectively protected equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of lightning current frequency impedance control unit.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of lightning protection unit.
Among the figure, 1. lightning current frequency impedance control unit, 2. lightning protection unit, 3. thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit, 4. remote alarm dry contact, 5. buzzer, 6. instrument transformer.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1; as shown in the figure; a kind of lightning protection and alarm structure; include lightning current frequency impedance control unit 1, lightning protection unit 2 and thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit 3 that power circuit connects; lightning current frequency impedance control unit 1 is connected in the power circuit; lightning protection unit 2 is connected in parallel in the power circuit, and thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit 3 is electrically connected with lightning protection unit 2.Lightning current frequency impedance control unit 1 further includes the first lightning current frequency impedance control unit and the second lightning current frequency impedance control unit, wherein the first lightning current frequency impedance control unit is connected in the L line of power circuit, and the second lightning current frequency impedance control unit is connected in the N line of power circuit.Lightning protection unit 2 further includes one-level lightning protection unit (being one-level TSPD) and secondary lightning protection unit (being secondary TSPD); one-level lightning protection unit is connected in parallel on the input of lightning current frequency impedance control unit 1, and secondary lightning protection unit is connected in parallel on the output of lightning current frequency impedance control unit 1.Thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit further includes lightning monitoring recorder, thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit, buzzer 5 and remote alarm dry contact 4.Instrument transformer 6 on lightning monitoring recorder and the lightning protection unit is electrically connected.Thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit is connected with secondary TSPD with one-level TSPD respectively.Buzzer connects thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit, and the remote alarm dry contact on the thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit is used for connecting long-range dry contact alarm, the alarm of outage dry contact etc.
See also Fig. 2, as shown in the figure, lightning current frequency impedance control unit further includes band stop filter and safety electric capacity, and band stop filter is connected in the power circuit, and the safety Capacitance parallel connection is in power circuit.Band stop filter further includes the first band stop filter HR1 and the second band stop filter HR2, and the first band stop filter HR1 is connected on the power circuit L, and the second band stop filter HR2 is connected on the power circuit N.Safety electric capacity further includes differential mode protection safety capacitor C X and the common mode protection safety electric capacity that is connected in parallel on the power circuit.Differential mode protection safety capacitor C X is connected in parallel between power circuit L and the power circuit N.Common mode protection safety electric capacity further includes the first common mode protection safety capacitor C Y1 and the second common mode protection safety capacitor C Y2; the first common mode protection safety capacitor C Y1 is connected in parallel between power circuit L and the power circuit PE, and the second common mode protection safety capacitor C Y2 is connected in parallel between power circuit N and the power circuit PE.
See also Fig. 3; as shown in the figure, lightning protection unit the second Thermal Cutoffs FU ' that is used for the heat monitoring that further includes the first Thermal Cutoffs FU, the varistor MOV that connects with the first Thermal Cutoffs FU and be arranged at varistor MOV side.The temperature coefficient of the second Thermal Cutoffs FU ' is less than the temperature coefficient of the first Thermal Cutoffs FU.
Operation principle:
Lightning protection principle: when the input of lightning protection and alarm structure (abbreviation lightning protection box) has the electric current invasion; the lightning current frequency impedance control unit (ALFB) that is connected in the electric power loop is high impedance status under frequency effect; be connected in parallel on one-level lightning protection unit (one-level TSPD) transient switching under the effect of crossing the thunder and lightning overvoltage of ALFB prime this moment; because ALFB and one-level TSPD are for starting simultaneously; ALFB is high-impedance behavior under the thunder and lightning frequency effect; one-level TSPD is low impedance characteristic (near short-circuit condition) under thunder and lightning overvoltage effect; according to current characteristics (electric current is walked the Low ESR loop), one-level TSPD shunts lightning current over the ground; shift; spacing; the range of decrease.Because the resistance of the impedance ratio grounding system of ALFB is much larger during the thunder and lightning invasion, so adopt this technology, can relax to 100 ohm the earth resistance of machine room.Part power frequency residual voltage this moment (one-level TSPD residual voltage) enters secondary lightning protection unit (secondary TSPD) again after ALFB shunting, dividing potential drop; again to its residual voltage (overvoltage) shunt over the ground, transfer, spacing, the range of decrease; because the frequency impedance characteristic of ALFB relation; the residual voltage of output increases with the lightning current of input; very little (the 20KA-100KA of its variation; residual voltage changes in several hectovolts), the lightning current overvoltage is controlled in the low-down scope.
Lightning monitoring recording principle: discharge over the ground simultaneously at lightning protection unit (TSPD); the built-in high accuracy instrument transformer of TSPD gathers the lightning current on the ground wire; sampling is sent to the lightning monitoring recorder of thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit; collection signal is carried out computing; store; show; check; transmission; the lightning monitoring recorder can be to number of lightning strokes; the thunder and lightning time of origin; thunder and lightning invasion current value carries out store recording; can be with the operating state of lightning protection box; the thunderbolt situation is sent to tens kilometers outer control centres by RS-485 control bus or dry contact by machine room power environment monitoring system; can consult; copy; monitoring or warning realize Intellectualized monitoring; report to the police; protection.
Thunder and lightning monitoring alarm principle: when the TSPD fault, the first-selected normally closed signal circuit that cuts off TSPD, namely cut off the electric power loop of the relay of monitoring alarm circuit, green LED lightning protection this moment indicator light extinguishes, after the relay outage, often open for two groups, normally closed pin switches, one group of remote alarm dry contact that changes lightning protection box (is often opened and is become normally closed, normally closed change is often opened), one group of normally closed pin limit is for often opening, cut off the electric power loop of linkage relay, make two groups of linkage relay normally closed, often open pin and switch, make lightning protection box send the buzzing alarm sound and the inefficacy red LED lamp lights, the expression lightning protection was lost efficacy.When ALFB opens circuit, namely cut off the power supply of relay in the alarm unit, change the remote alarm dry contact (often opening normally closed, the normally closed change of change often opens) of lightning protection box, power supply indicator extinguishes, the load outage.
Claims (9)
1. a lightning protection and alarm structure; include lightning current frequency impedance control unit, lightning protection unit and thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit that power circuit connects; it is characterized in that: described lightning current frequency impedance control unit is connected in the power circuit; described lightning protection unit is connected in parallel in the power circuit, and described thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit and lightning protection unit are electrically connected.
2. lightning protection as claimed in claim 1 and alarm structure; it is characterized in that: described lightning current frequency impedance control unit further includes the first lightning current frequency impedance control unit; the second lightning current frequency impedance control unit; described the first lightning current frequency impedance control unit is connected in the L line of power circuit, and described the second lightning current frequency impedance control unit is connected in the N line of power circuit.
3. lightning protection as claimed in claim 1 and alarm structure; it is characterized in that: described lightning current frequency impedance control unit further includes band stop filter and safety electric capacity; described band stop filter is connected in the power circuit, and described safety Capacitance parallel connection is in power circuit.
4. lightning protection as claimed in claim 3 and alarm structure is characterized in that: described safety electric capacity further includes differential mode protection safety capacitor C X and the common mode protection safety electric capacity that is connected in parallel on the power circuit.
5. lightning protection as claimed in claim 1 and alarm structure; it is characterized in that: described lightning protection unit further includes one-level lightning protection unit and secondary lightning protection unit; described one-level lightning protection unit is connected in parallel on the input of lightning current frequency impedance control unit, and described secondary lightning protection unit is connected in parallel on the output of lightning current frequency impedance control unit.
6. lightning protection as claimed in claim 5 and alarm structure is characterized in that: the second Thermal Cutoffs FU ' that is used for the heat monitoring that described lightning protection unit further includes the first Thermal Cutoffs FU, the varistor MOV that connects with the first Thermal Cutoffs FU and is arranged at varistor MOV side.
7. lightning protection as claimed in claim 6 and alarm structure, it is characterized in that: the temperature coefficient of described the second Thermal Cutoffs FU ' is less than the temperature coefficient of the first Thermal Cutoffs FU.
8. lightning protection as claimed in claim 1 and alarm structure, it is characterized in that: described thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit further includes lightning monitoring recorder, thunder and lightning monitoring alarm unit, buzzer and remote alarm dry contact.
9. lightning protection as claimed in claim 8 and alarm structure is characterized in that: the instrument transformer electric connection on described lightning monitoring recorder and the lightning protection unit.
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| CN2012104129239A CN102916418A (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2012-10-25 | Lightning protection and alarm structure |
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| CN2012104129239A CN102916418A (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2012-10-25 | Lightning protection and alarm structure |
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| CN104113203A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-10-22 | 山东超越数控电子有限公司 | Method for locating EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) noise of switch power supply rapidly |
| CN106298366A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-04 | 杭州聚彤节能科技有限公司 | A kind of anti-lightning strike electromagnetic relay |
| CN110690691A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2020-01-14 | 维谛技术有限公司 | A device interface protection circuit |
| CN111030069A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-17 | 北京京航计算通讯研究所 | Radio frequency front end electromagnetic pulse protection method |
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| CN114814333A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-29 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司淮安供电分公司 | A collection device and collection method of lightning intrusion wave current |
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| CN104113203B (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-06-08 | 山东超越数控电子有限公司 | A kind of method for quick position switch power supply EMI noise |
| CN106298366A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-01-04 | 杭州聚彤节能科技有限公司 | A kind of anti-lightning strike electromagnetic relay |
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| CN114814333A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-07-29 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司淮安供电分公司 | A collection device and collection method of lightning intrusion wave current |
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Application publication date: 20130206 |