CN102893743A - Method for using organic fertilizers - Google Patents
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- CN102893743A CN102893743A CN 201210427236 CN201210427236A CN102893743A CN 102893743 A CN102893743 A CN 102893743A CN 201210427236 CN201210427236 CN 201210427236 CN 201210427236 A CN201210427236 A CN 201210427236A CN 102893743 A CN102893743 A CN 102893743A
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Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for using organic fertilizers. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a strip-shaped furrow fertilizing method comprising the steps of: for strip-seeding crops or grapes, kiwi fruits and other fruit trees, seeding and fertilizing after furrowing or furrowing and fertilizing at the parts 5cm distance away from the fruit trees; or a ring-shaped furrow fertilizing method comprising the steps of: for apples, peaches, oranges and other young fruit trees, digging a ring-shaped furrow around each tree trunk at 20cm to 30cm distance away from the tree trunks, fertilizing and then covering soil; or a radial-shaped furrow fertilizing method comprising the steps of: for apples, peaches, oranges and other bearing fruit trees, digging four to five furrows with the length of 50cm towards four sides of each fruit tree at 30cm distance away from the tree trunks according to the spreading conditions of fruit tree root systems and then covering soil; or a hole fertilizing method comprising the steps of: spot-seeding or transplanting crops such as corns, cotton and tomatoes, applying the organic fertilizers into seeding holes, and then seeding or transplanting. The method for using the organic fertilizers, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simple process, convenience in implementation, restraining of plant diseases and insect pests, improved soil environment and acidity/alkalinity, and favourableness for growth of corps.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the vegetable manure technical field, particularly a kind of using method of fertilizer.
Background technology:
Fertilizer, mainly contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, replenish the nutrition of running off for earth, thereby increase the output of crop, still, frequent and single use along with chemical fertilizer application, bring adverse effect to soil environment, soil is under the condition that lacks sufficient organic matter, and soil aggregate is difficult to form, adhesion between the soil particle weakens, and has lowered the water retention capacity of soil now.When earth can't keep the moisture of abundance, even the chemical fertilizer quality is high, also is not easy to chemical fertilizer and under favourable condition, discharges nutrient.Fertilizer fertilizer appearred, in the problem that causes for solving the single chemical fertilizer of long-term use on the market: be mainly derived from plant and (or) animal, impose on soil so that the carbonaceous material of plant nutrition as its major function to be provided.Through biological substance, animals and plants discarded object, plant residue processing, eliminated poisonous and harmful substance wherein, be rich in a large amount of benefit materials, comprising: multiple organic acid, peptide class and the abundant nutritive element that comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.Can not only be for crops provide full nutrition, and fertilizer efficiency is long, can increase and upgrade the soil organic matter, promotes microbial reproduction, improves physicochemical property and the biologically active of soil, is the Main Nutrients of pollution-free food production.Not only contain the essential macroelement of plant, trace element in the fertilizer, also contain abundant organic nutrient, fertilizer is the most comprehensive fertilizer.The effect of fertilizer in agricultural production is mainly manifested in the following aspects: after 1, improvement soil, culture fertility organic manure are manured into soil, organic mass-energy is improved soil physical chemistry situation and biological nature effectively, vegetable soil, strengthen fertilizer supply and preservation ability and the buffer capacity of soil, for good soil condition is created in the growth of crop.2, increase output, raising quality organic manure contain abundant organic matter and various nutritive element, for crops provide nutrition.Behind the fertilizer decomposition, for soil microbial activity provides energy and nutriment, promote microbial activities, accelerate organic matter decomposition, the active substance of generation etc. can promote the growth of crop and improve the quality of agricultural product.3, the availability fertilizer that improves fertilizer contains that nutrient is many but relative amount is low, discharge slowly, and chemical fertilizer unit nutrient content is high, and composition is few, discharges fast.Both use by reasonable coordination, mutually replenish, and the organic acid that organic matter decomposition produces can also promote the dissolving of mineral nutrient in soil and the chemical fertilizer.Fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are mutually promoted, and are conducive to Crop, improve the availability of fertilizer.
Though fertilizer has above-mentioned advantage, still, present fertilizer, prescription and manufacture craft on the market is too complicated, and the kind and the method that add bacterial classification cause high cost, have increased peasant's burden.
In view of above-mentioned technological deficiency, simple, easy to make in the urgent need to a kind of technique occurring, suppress damage by disease and insect, improve soil environment and acid-base value, be conducive to the using method of the fertilizer of plant growth.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that exists in the prior art, provide a kind of technique simple, easy to make, suppress damage by disease and insect, improve soil environment and acid-base value, be conducive to the using method of plant growth.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of using method of fertilizer, wherein, comprise the steps:
The strip ditch is excuted a law: drilling crop or the fruit trees such as grape, kiwi fruit, ferti-seeding or at distance fruit tree 5 centimeters ditching-fertilizings behind the trench digging; Perhaps, annular groove is excuted a law: fruit tree childhood such as apple, peach, oranges and tangerines, apart from 20 ~ 30 centimetres on tree bar, open an annular groove around the tree bar, earthing after the fertilising; Perhaps, execute and penetrate the shape ditch spread: the adult fruit trees such as apple, peach, oranges and tangerines, apart from trunk 30 centimeters, by the fruit tree root system stretch situation to around open the ditch of 4 ~ 5 50 centimeter length, fertilising is earthing afterwards; Perhaps, perforated method: program request or transplanting crop such as corn, cotton, tomato, apply the sowing cave with fertilizer, then sowing or transplanting; Perhaps, seed dressing method: the large seeds such as corn, wheat are sown into soil with 4 kilogram of raw organic fertilizers after mu is mixed thoroughly with grain weight; Rape, tobacco, vegetables, flowers small-sized seed are sown into soil with 1 kilogram of raw organic fertilizer after mu is mixed thoroughly with grain weight; Perhaps, dip in the root method: to transplanting crop, such as paddy rice, tomato, add 5 parts of water by biological organic fertilizer and be made into the fertilizer suspension, dip shoot root, then field planting; Perhaps, lid seed manure method: behind the water furrow planting, biological organic fertilizer is covered above the seed equably.
When fertilizer and single fertilizer share, the per 667 m2 amounts of application of base manure accounted for 60% of total fertilizing amount, and every 667m2 consumption that topdresses accounts for 40% of total topdressing amount
The invention has the advantages that, technique of the present invention is simple, and is easy to make, suppresses damage by disease and insect, improves soil environment and acid-base value, increase fertilizer nitrogen content, is conducive to crop growing state.The present invention can increase the soil organic matter, make that soil acidity or alkalinity is 4.5 ~ 6.5, the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium meets these consumption characteristics of crop 2:1:1.5.
Embodiment:
Preparation prescription of the present invention: wherein, comprise the following raw material according to the unit of weight configuration:
Major ingredient 80-90 part,
Agricultural crop straw 10-15 part,
Fermentation assistant 0.1-0.3 part,
Quicklime 2-5 part;
Leavening dilution auxiliary material 1-3 part
Schlempe 5-8 part.
Perhaps, comprise the following raw material that configures according to unit of weight:
Major ingredient 80-85 part,
Agricultural crop straw 10-13 part,
Fermentation assistant 0.1-0.2 part,
Quicklime 2-3 part;
Leavening dilution auxiliary material 1-2 part;
Schlempe 5-6 part.
Perhaps, comprise the following raw material that configures according to unit of weight:
Major ingredient 85-90 part,
Agricultural crop straw 12-15 part,
Fermentation assistant 0.2-0.3 part,
Quicklime 3-5 part;
Leavening dilution auxiliary material 2-3 part
Schlempe 6-8 part.
Perhaps, comprise the following raw material that configures according to unit of weight:
Major ingredient 82-88 part,
Agricultural crop straw 12-13 part,
Fermentation assistant 0.15-0.25 part,
Quicklime 3-4 part;
Leavening dilution auxiliary material 1.5-2.5 part
Schlempe 6-7 part.
Major ingredient is any or several in freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement, pig manure, cow dung or the sheep excrement, and described fermentation assistant is " agreeing greenly " No. 1 or No. 2; Leavening dilution auxiliary material is any or several in bright rice bran, wheat bran or the corn flour.
The manufacture method of fertilizer wherein, comprises the steps:
A, major ingredient and straw are mixed with agitator, and carry out water content detection, require moisture at 57-62%, make batch mixing No. one time;
B, the ratio of fermentation assistant and leavening dilution auxiliary material 1:5 is mixed, mixing temperature 0-35 degree the last mixing resting period 3-12 hour, makes rerolling;
C, batch mixing of step a gained and the rerolling of step b gained are sent into mixing and stirring in the agitator, make batch mixing No. three times;
The step of d, stacking places No. three batch mixings of step c gained in the fermentation tank and to stack, and the height of stacking is 1-1.2 rice, and thermometer is inserted in No. three batch mixings, and the degree of depth of insertion is 0.5-0.6 rice;
E, turn over the step of throwing: when the temperature of No. three batch mixings of steps d reaches 70 when spending, start turner and turn over throwing once; 13-15 is after day, and the height of No. three batch mixings of steps d is initial 1/3 o'clock of stacking height, namely, No. three batch mixings are fermented maturation, make semi-finished product;
The semi-finished product that f, step e make and schlempe, quicklime mix, and then carry out airing, when moisture 20% is arrived in airing, make finished product, the pack warehouse-in;
G or, the semi-finished product that step e makes mix with the finished product that step f makes, the mixed proportion of semi-finished product and finished product is 40:100 ~ 45:100.
The using method of fertilizer wherein, comprises the steps:
Fertilizer as base manure, is adopted bottom application, spreads manuer in holes or ditch spread, bury reality after executing;
When fertilizer and single fertilizer share, the per 667 m2 amounts of application of base manure accounted for 60% of total fertilizing amount, and every 667m2 consumption that topdresses accounts for 40% of total topdressing amount.
The present invention is directed to tea tree and do the fertilizer efficiency experiment, be compared as follows:
For general high yield tea plantation, the per mu yield stem tea is generally at 150-250kg, every 100kg stem tea is absorbed nitrogen 12kg, phosphorus 2.5kg, potassium 5kg from soil approximately, according to each mode of occurrence of element and turnover rate, should use full nitrogen 25kg, phosphorus pentoxide 10kg, potassium oxide 12kg for every mu.
The soil with organic matter content of the general high yield of plantation tea tree should be at 1-2%, and every 100kg stem tea approximately consumes organic 60kg from soil, and therefore, every mu of tea tree should be used standard content organic manure 500kg.
Tea tree is fit to be grown in the Acid soil of acid-base value 4.5 ~ 6.5, and for the Acidity of Aikalinity of balance soil, the organic manure of using also should have identical acid-base value.
Technical indicator of the present invention:
Four batches of pulvis fertilizers of fermenting and producing in two months, every batch is carried out sampling Detection three times, the testing result of all technical such as following table:
Application effect of the present invention:
Take 30 mu of tea plantations as experimental subjects, per 10 mu is one group, first group is that experimental group is used the pulvis organic manure 700kg that fills a prescription and produce according to the present invention, organize in contrast for second group and use the common fertilizer 700kg that meets industry standard NY525-2002, only use chemical fertilizer and application of organic fertilizers (urea 50kg, diammonium phosphate 18kg, potassium sulphate 25kg) not for the 3rd group.Comparative test result such as following table after 1 year:
1., Other Main Agronomic Characters
Table 1: Other Main Agronomic Characters and feature
As can be seen from Table 1, one group growth situation is obviously better, and two groups are taken second place, and three groups relatively poor.So the crop growing state after the present invention uses is effective.
2., Main Quality Traits evaluation
Table 2: Main Quality Traits relatively
| The test region | Protein | Albumin | Theanine | Catechin |
| One group | 25.6 | 5.12 | 12.2 | 23.5 |
| Two groups | 25.4 | 5.07 | 11.8 | 22.1 |
| Three groups | 23.1 | 4.43 | 10.3 | 19.7 |
As can be seen from Table 2, one group of tea leaf quality with two groups is relative better, and three groups tea leaf quality is the poorest.The quality better of the tealeaves after the present invention uses
3., the tea tree disease resistance is estimated
Table 3 is respectively processed the disease resistance record sheet
| Process | The tea shoot root knot nematode disease | The tea moire blight | The red leaf spot of tea | Tea net cake is sick | The tea sooty mould |
| One group | 2.63 | 0.87 | 0.36 | 2.75 | 1.43 |
| Two groups | 2.79 | 1.17 | 0.41 | 2.87 | 2.15 |
| Three groups | 4.31 | 2.08 | 1.13 | 4.06 | 2.37 |
As can be seen from Table 3, one group of disease is lighter, and two groups are taken second place, and three groups of diseases are relatively heavier.So disease resistance of the present invention is good.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of technique simple, easy to make, suppress damage by disease and insect, improve soil environment and acid-base value, increase fertilizer nitrogen content, be conducive to the fertilizer using method of crop growing state.
Claims (2)
1. the using method of a fertilizer is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The strip ditch is excuted a law: drilling crop or the fruit trees such as grape, kiwi fruit, ferti-seeding or at distance fruit tree 5 centimeters ditching-fertilizings behind the trench digging;
Perhaps, annular groove is excuted a law: fruit tree childhood such as apple, peach, oranges and tangerines, apart from 20 ~ 30 centimetres on tree bar, open an annular groove around the tree bar, earthing after the fertilising;
Perhaps, execute and penetrate the shape ditch spread: the adult fruit trees such as apple, peach, oranges and tangerines, apart from trunk 30 centimeters, by the fruit tree root system stretch situation to around open the ditch of 4 ~ 5 50 centimeter length, fertilising is earthing afterwards;
Perhaps, perforated method: program request or transplanting crop such as corn, cotton, tomato, apply the sowing cave with fertilizer, then sowing or transplanting;
Perhaps, seed dressing method: the large seeds such as corn, wheat are sown into soil with 4 kilogram of raw organic fertilizers after mu is mixed thoroughly with grain weight; Rape, tobacco, vegetables, flowers small-sized seed are sown into soil with 1 kilogram of raw organic fertilizer after mu is mixed thoroughly with grain weight;
Perhaps, dip in the root method: to transplanting crop, such as paddy rice, tomato, add 5 parts of water by biological organic fertilizer and be made into the fertilizer suspension, dip shoot root, then field planting;
Perhaps, lid seed manure method: behind the water furrow planting, biological organic fertilizer is covered above the seed equably.
2. described fertilizer using method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when fertilizer and single fertilizer share, the per 667 m2 amounts of application of base manure accounted for 60% of total fertilizing amount, and every 667m2 consumption that topdresses accounts for 40% of total topdressing amount.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201210427236 CN102893743A (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2012-10-31 | Method for using organic fertilizers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201210427236 CN102893743A (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2012-10-31 | Method for using organic fertilizers |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102893743A true CN102893743A (en) | 2013-01-30 |
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| CN 201210427236 Pending CN102893743A (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2012-10-31 | Method for using organic fertilizers |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105393687A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-16 | 铜陵三泉现代农业开发有限公司 | Method for applying base fertilizer in tomato planting process |
| CN108264386A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 郭志刚 | A kind of balanced nutritious fertilizer for citrus arable farming |
| CN108967086A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving emergence rate of direct-seeded rice seeds |
| CN112136594A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2020-12-29 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Kiwi fruit low-yield garden soil improvement method |
| CN114868503A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for fertilizing citrus orchard soil by utilizing pig manure organic fertilizer |
-
2012
- 2012-10-31 CN CN 201210427236 patent/CN102893743A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105393687A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-16 | 铜陵三泉现代农业开发有限公司 | Method for applying base fertilizer in tomato planting process |
| CN108264386A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 郭志刚 | A kind of balanced nutritious fertilizer for citrus arable farming |
| CN108967086A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving emergence rate of direct-seeded rice seeds |
| CN112136594A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2020-12-29 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Kiwi fruit low-yield garden soil improvement method |
| CN114868503A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for fertilizing citrus orchard soil by utilizing pig manure organic fertilizer |
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