CN102887907A - New process for preparing beta-arteether by single reaction kettle method by taking artemisinin as raw material - Google Patents
New process for preparing beta-arteether by single reaction kettle method by taking artemisinin as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- NLYNIRQVMRLPIQ-XQLAAWPRSA-N artemotil Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H](C)[C@@H](OCC)O[C@H]4[C@]32OO[C@@]1(C)O4 NLYNIRQVMRLPIQ-XQLAAWPRSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- BLUAFEHZUWYNDE-NNWCWBAJSA-N artemisinin Chemical compound C([C@](OO1)(C)O2)C[C@H]3[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]31[C@@H]2OC(=O)[C@@H]4C BLUAFEHZUWYNDE-NNWCWBAJSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229960004191 artemisinin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229930101531 artemisinin Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229960002970 artemotil Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012448 Lithium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229930191701 arteannuin Natural products 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- NLYNIRQVMRLPIQ-LTLPSTFDSA-N 10-ethoxydecahydro-3,6,9-trimethyl-(3r,5as,6r,8as,9r,10r,12r,12ar)-3,12-epoxy-12h-pyrano(4,3-j)-1,2-benzodioxepin Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H](C)[C@H](OCC)O[C@H]4[C@]32OO[C@@]1(C)O4 NLYNIRQVMRLPIQ-LTLPSTFDSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229960002521 artenimol Drugs 0.000 abstract description 5
- BJDCWCLMFKKGEE-ISOSDAIHSA-N artenimol Chemical compound C([C@](OO1)(C)O2)C[C@H]3[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]31[C@@H]2O[C@H](O)[C@@H]4C BJDCWCLMFKKGEE-ISOSDAIHSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229930016266 dihydroartemisinin Natural products 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229930187998 Dihydroarteannuin Natural products 0.000 description 15
- 229960000981 artemether Drugs 0.000 description 9
- SXYIRMFQILZOAM-HVNFFKDJSA-N dihydroartemisinin methyl ether Chemical compound C1C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H](C)[C@@H](OC)O[C@H]4[C@]32OO[C@@]1(C)O4 SXYIRMFQILZOAM-HVNFFKDJSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000078 anti-malarial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003430 antimalarial agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000004792 malaria Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000006891 Artemisia vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- FIHJKUPKCHIPAT-AHIGJZGOSA-N artesunate Chemical compound C([C@](OO1)(C)O2)C[C@H]3[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]31[C@@H]2O[C@@H](OC(=O)CCC(O)=O)[C@@H]4C FIHJKUPKCHIPAT-AHIGJZGOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004991 artesunate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003677 chloroquine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N (S)-chloroquine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2C(N[C@@H](C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAOOXBLMIJHMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(diethylamino)ethylamino]-4-methylthioxanthen-9-one;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.S1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(C)=CC=C2NCCN(CC)CC LAOOXBLMIJHMFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001405 Artemisia annua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000011 Artemisia annua Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008495 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000604 Chrysanthemum parthenium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000002476 Falciparum Malaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UGJBHEZMOKVTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-formylglycine Chemical class OC(=O)CNC=O UGJBHEZMOKVTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010035500 Plasmodium falciparum infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011336 Plasmodium falciparum malaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000004460 Tanacetum coccineum Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000005485 Toxoplasmosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UKXCIQFCSITOCY-VLDCTWHGSA-N anhydrodihydroartemisinin Chemical class C([C@](OO1)(C)O2)C[C@H]3[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]31[C@@H]2OC=C4C UKXCIQFCSITOCY-VLDCTWHGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002300 anti-fibrosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroquine Natural products ClC1=CC=C2C(NC(C)CCCN(CC)CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008384 feverfew Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UCRHFBCYFMIWHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperaquine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C2C(N3CCN(CC3)CCCN3CCN(CC3)C=3C4=CC=C(C=C4N=CC=3)Cl)=CC=NC2=C1 UCRHFBCYFMIWHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006717 piperaquine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000948 quinine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001843 schistosomicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for semi-synthesizing beta-arteether by a single reaction kettle method by taking artemisinin as a raw material. In absolute ethyl alcohol or a moderate polarity ether solvent system such as tetrahydrofuran, borohydride such as potassium borohydride and the like is taken as a reducing agent to reduce artemisinin so as to obtain dihydroartemisinin. Without separation or purification, methanesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or the like is added to adjust the pH value to neutral, and then, a catalyst such as Lewis acid ZnBr2 and the like is continuously added to react to prepare arteether. After reaction, separation and purification are directly carried out by way of extraction, crystallization and recrystallization to obtain beta-arteether with high yield (0.85k of beta-arteether is prepared from 1kg of artemisinin), wherein the content of beta-arteether is more than 99.0%; the content of the related substance alpha-arteether is less than 0.2%; the content of dihydroartemisinin is less than 0.1%; and the content of the total impurities is less than 0.5% of the quality product. The method has the advantages of simple process flow, low equipment requirement, convenience in operation, high atom economy, low carbon and environment friendliness, and is very suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of artemisinin derivative special efficacy anti-malaria medicaments-β-arteether, be specifically related to prepare as the raw material single reaction still method take Artemisinin the novel process of arteether.
Background technology
Artemisinin is that China scientist in 1971 separates a kind of sesquiterpene lactones compound that obtains from feverfew Herba Artemisiae annuae (wormwood artemisia of also grieving, smelly wormwood artemisia) leaf extracting section, and the peroxide bridge that characteristics are arranged in the Artemisinin structure most is the crucial group of its performance drug activity.Sweet wormwood (Herba Artemisiae annuae) or its extract are used for treating the relevant disease of malaria more than 2,000 year history, compare with Artemisinin, Artemisinin series derivates such as dihydroarteannuin, Artemether, arteether and Artesunate, show better antimalarial effect, replace later on chloroquine, PIPERAQUINE, quinine etc. in 2000, and become the antimalarial agent of World Health Organization's first-selection.Be the present medicine of the most effective treatment encephalic malaria and anti-Chloroquine-resistant Falciparum Malaria disease in the world, be called " maximum for the treatment of malaria is wished " by the World Health Organization, have fast, efficient, without the feature of resistance, low toxic side effect.Nearly 30 years studies show that, Artemisinin and derivative thereof also have anti-pregnant, schistosomicide, anti-fibrosis, resisting toxoplasmosis, anti-inflammatory and inhibition tumor cell propagation isoreactivity.
In artemisinin derivative series, ether derivative Artemether and arteether that Artemisinin is reduced into behind the dihydroarteannuin are that antimalarial active is preferably with the most stable.Especially Artemether, its effect is better than arteether, develop more early, is the most salable artemisinin derivative at present, accounts for more than 50% of the derivative market share.Comparatively speaking, although arteether is active in Artemether, increases a little dosage and can reach the Artemether in Treatment effect fully; It is fat-soluble, the transformation period all is better than Artemether, in the body Artemether and arteether respectively metabolism be dihydroarteannuin+methyl alcohol or ethanol, arteether is better than having the Artemether of methyl alcohol metabolite aspect toxic side effect.So along with the mining inetesity to arteether strengthens, doctor and patient strengthen the approval of arteether, arteether will brought into play very huge effect aspect the anti-plasmodium disease.
What the arteether syntheti c route had been reported has following several:
Route one is present arteether suitability for industrialized production main technique, and directly take Artemisinin as raw material, with sodium borohydride reduction, separation and purification obtains into dihydroarteannuin in methanol solution, again in ethanolic soln with tosic acid, BF
3/ ether, AlCl
3, the catalyst etherifying such as trimethylchlorosilane and storng-acid cation exchange resin gets arteether, α-arteether and β-arteether overall yield between 40%~75%, configuration α: β (Pu, Y.M. between 1: 4~1: 1; Ziffer, H.; Diastereofacial additions to a beta-substituted glycal, anhydrodihydroartemisinin.Heterocycles 1994,39,2,649.Bhakuni, R.S.; Jain, D.C.; Sharma, R.P.; An improved procedure for the synthesis of ethers of dihydroartemisinin.Indian J Chem 1995,34B, 6,529.El-Feraly, F.S.; Al-Yahya, M.A.; Orabi, K.Y.; McPhail, D.R.; McPhail, A.T.; A new method for the preparation of arteether and its C-9epimer.J Nat Prod 1992,55,7,878.Singh, C.; Tiwari, P.; A one-pot conversion of artemisinin to its ether derivatives.Tetrahedron Lett 2002,43,40,7235.Lin, A.J.; Klayman, D.L.; Milhous, W.K. (Department of the Army); Novel antimalarial dihydroartemisinin derivs..US 4791135.Brossi, A.; Venugopalan, B.; Gerpe, L.G.; Yeh, H.J.C.; Flippen-Anderson, J.L.; Buchs, P.; Luo, X.D.; Milhous, W.; Peters, W.; Arteether, a new antimalarial drug:Synthesis and antimalarial properties.J Med Chem 1988,31,3,645.Kumar, S.; Jain, D.C.; Bhakuni, R.S.; Saxena, S.; Vishwakarma, R.A. (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); Preparation of arteethers.GB 2360517.).Route one reaction formula is seen Fig. 1.
The first step of route two is identical with above-mentioned technique, gets dihydroarteannuin with the sodium borohydride reduction Artemisinin first, then in dichloromethane solution, obtains 9 (10)-alkene-Artemisinin with the Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES dehydration.Again in ethanolic soln with PPh
3/ HBr catalysis addition 9 (10)-alkene-Artemisinin obtains 9 α, 10 β-arteether and 9 β, 10 β-arteether (9 β, 10 β-arteether is β-arteether) mixture (Pu, Y.-M.; Ziffer, H.; Synthesis of11-[3H]-arteether, an experimental antimalarial drug.J Label Compd Radiopharm 1993,33,11,1013.Kumar, S.; Jain, D.C.; Bhakuni, R.S.; Saxena, S.; Vishwakarma, R.A. (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); Process for the preparation of arteethers from dihydroartemisinin.US 6346631.).Route two reaction formula are seen Fig. 2.
But there are following shortcomings in above arteether preparation method:
(1) at present take Artemisinin as raw material, process is reduced into dihydroarteannuin, the technique of resynthesis arteether, and productive rate is too low, and maximum output is calculated with β-arteether and is no more than 60%;
(2) reaction is incomplete, and raw material has residual, and by product α-arteether accounting example is large, affects separation and the purifying of β-arteether finished product, and critical impurities α-arteether is difficult to control;
(3) from the Artemisinin initial calculation, technical process is relatively many, complicated operation, and equipment investment is larger;
(4) Atom economy is low, and the chemical feedstocks usage quantity is large, and by product and effluent discharge are many, and energy consumption consumption is large, and technique environmental protection control difficulty is large.
Because above shortcoming, present β both domestic and external-arteether production cost is high, and quality product is difficult to control, so that the application quantity of β-arteether is always very little, compares the less than 5% antimalarial market share with Artemether and Artesunate.For overcoming above-mentioned technique shortcoming, reduce β-arteether production cost, improving β-arteether productive rate and quality is purpose, the feature part that the present invention is different from aforesaid method is:
(1) the present invention adopts single reaction still method, saves the loaded down with trivial details intermediate treatment links of process such as separation, purifying, concentrated, extraction, column chromatography and makes simple to operately, and can strictly control institute and with an organic solvent reclaim;
(2) directly take Artemisinin as raw material, adopt the relatively low homogeneous phase reduction agent of price, such as lithium borohydride, zinc borohydride, POTASSIUM BOROHYDRIDE etc.Solvent uses dehydrated alcohol or cyclic ethers class Semi-polarity solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,3-dioxane and Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxane etc.;
(3) step (2) gained dihydroarteannuin solution is neutralized to pH value 7 without purification process with organic or mineral acid, and the reaction solution after the neutralization adds Lewis acid catalyst for etherification such as SnCl again
2, CaCl
2, FeCl
3, ZnI
2, ZnBr
2, SbCl
3, (Ph3P)
3RhCl etc. react with dehydrated alcohol;
(4) step (3) gained arteether reaction soln is through concentrating under reduced pressure, again with organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, ethylene dichloride, methylene dichloride, sherwood oil etc. and pure water extracting and separating;
(5) collect organic phase, drying, condensing crystal and recrystallization obtain β-arteether elaboration, and productive rate is that the 1kg Artemisinin can get β-arteether 0.85kg.
Compare with reporting the arteether technology of preparing, the technology of the present invention has that technique is simpler, cost is cheaper, the advantage of better quality.
Summary of the invention
The key problem that the present invention need to solve is to improve take the productive rate of Artemisinin as the semi-synthetic synthetic arteether of raw material, and especially the ratio of chiral isomer α-arteether and β-arteether has comparative advantage the better β-arteether of drug activity.Adopt suitable equipment and process, can reach easy and simple to handle, be easy to health maintenance, greatly reduce the production cost of β-arteether simultaneously.Concrete steps are as follows:
1, Artemisinin is placed the stainless steel cauldron of jacketed, stirring, the dehydrated alcohol or the Semi-polarity cyclic ethers kind solvent that under-5~25 ℃ of conditions, add 10~20 times of volumes of Artemisinin quality, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or 1,3-dioxane or Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxane Artemisinin is separated fully;
2, stir on the limit, homogeneous phase reduction agent POTASSIUM BOROHYDRIDE or zinc borohydride or the lithium borohydride of 0.5~1.0 times of Artemisinin quality dropped on the limit in batches, and it is complete to feed intake in 30~90min, and temperature control is in-5 ℃~25 ℃, thin-layer chromatography monitoring Artemisinin complete reaction can be considered reduction reaction and finishes;
3, with about a kind of accent reacting liquid pH value to 7 in organic acid such as methylsulfonic acid, tosic acid or mineral acid phosphoric acid, the vitriol oil etc.;
4, continue dropping into catalyst for etherification in the room temperature downhill reaction liquid is 0.1~0.5 times of Artemisinin quality, and dropping into dehydrated alcohol is 10~30 times of volumes of Artemisinin quality, and temperature control reacts 1~3h between 5 ℃~55 ℃;
5, thin-layer chromatography monitoring dihydroarteannuin complete reaction, temperature control is evaporated to out solvent-free between 45 ℃~55 ℃, the ethyl acetate or methylene dichloride or ethylene dichloride or the sherwood oil that add 10~15 times of volumes of Artemisinin quality, and add the pure water of two times of solvent volume, stir extraction 15min, separatory, with equivalent organic solvent re-extract once;
6, merge organic phase, take 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution volume as organic phase 1/2 extracting and washing, wash organic phase to neutral with pure water again, tell organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, the concentrating under reduced pressure crystallization, again with ethyl acetate or acetone or ethanol or sherwood oil recrystallization, obtain content greater than 99.0% β-arteether elaboration.
The present invention adopts single reaction still method directly by the semi-synthetic β-arteether of Artemisinin, reduces pilot process, greatly reduces the use of organic solvent, reclaims simultaneously as far as possible and uses solvent, thereby reduce the pollutent possible to environment.β-arteether productivity ratio bibliographical information technique is higher, greatly improves chemical Atom economy, reduces energy consumption, and low-carbon (LC), efficient is suitable for industrialized production.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is route one arteether building-up reactions formula
Fig. 2 is route two arteether building-up reactions formulas
Embodiment:
Further illustrate in the following embodiments the present invention, this does not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Take by weighing Artemisinin 5.0kg in the jacketed stainless steel cauldron, add dehydrated alcohol 80.0L, the stirring at room dissolving.Temperature is 0 ℃ in the freezing plant control stainless steel cauldron, adds zinc borohydride 3.5kg in 30min in batches, and temperature control is in reacting 30min below 5 ℃ again, and thin layer is monitored to Artemisinin raw material point and disappeared.The control reactor temperature stops reduction reaction about adding methylsulfonic acid or tosic acid adjust pH to 7 below 10 ℃.Continue to drop into the anhydrous ZnI of 0.70kg
2The perhaps anhydrous ZnBr of 0.50kg
2, temperature control is in 45 ℃ of reaction 2h, and thin layer is monitored to dihydroarteannuin point and is disappeared.Temperature control is in 55 ℃, is evaporated to solvent-freely to go out, and adds ethyl acetate 50L and pure water 100L, stirs extraction 15min.Tell organic phase, with ethyl acetate 75L extraction once, merge organic phase again.Organic phase with 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution 50L back extraction once, then is washed till neutrality with pure water again, tells organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, and again concentrating under reduced pressure crystallization obtains the arteether crude product.With 25L ethanol thermosol and suitably concentrated, recrystallization obtains β-arteether elaboration 0.85kg with crude product, and the HPLC detection level is greater than 99.0%, and related substances α-arteether is less than 0.2%, and dihydroarteannuin is less than 0.1%, and total impurities is less than 0.5%.
Embodiment 2
Take by weighing Artemisinin 5.0kg in the jacketed stainless steel cauldron, add tetrahydrofuran (THF) 50.0L, the stirring at room dissolving.Temperature is 0 ℃ in the freezing plant control stainless steel cauldron, adds POTASSIUM BOROHYDRIDE 3.0kg in 60min in batches, and temperature control is in reacting 60min below 15 ℃ again, and thin layer is monitored to Artemisinin raw material point and disappeared.Control reactor temperature below 10 ℃ adds phosphoric acid or to stopping reduction reaction about vitriol oil adjust pH to 7.Continue to drop into dehydrated alcohol 10L and the anhydrous SnCl of 0.60kg
2, CaCl
2, FeCl
3Perhaps SbCl
3, temperature control is in 55 ℃ of reaction 3h, and thin layer is monitored to dihydroarteannuin point and is disappeared.Temperature control is in 45 ℃, is evaporated to solvent-freely to go out, and adds ethylene dichloride 50L and pure water 100L, stirs extraction 15min.Tell organic phase, with ethylene dichloride 50L extraction once, merge organic phase again.Organic phase with 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution 50L back extraction once, then is washed till neutrality with pure water again, tells organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, and again concentrating under reduced pressure crystallization obtains the arteether crude product.With 20L acetone thermosol and suitably concentrated, recrystallization obtains β-arteether elaboration 0.83kg with crude product, and the HPLC detection level is greater than 99.0%, and related substances α-arteether is less than 0.2%, and dihydroarteannuin is less than 0.1%, and total impurities is less than 0.5%.
Embodiment 3
Take by weighing Artemisinin 5.0kg in the jacketed stainless steel cauldron, add 1,3-dioxane 60.0L, the stirring at room dissolving.Temperature is 0 ℃ in the freezing plant control stainless steel cauldron, adds lithium borohydride 2.5kg in 40min in batches, and temperature control is in reacting 50min below 20 ℃ again, and thin layer is monitored to Artemisinin raw material point and disappeared.The control reactor temperature stops reduction reaction about adding phosphoric acid or vitriol oil adjust pH to 7 below 10 ℃.Continue to drop into dehydrated alcohol 10L and 0.50kg anhydrous (Ph3P)
3RhCl, temperature control is in 15 ℃ of reaction 2h, and thin layer is monitored to dihydroarteannuin and is put 1 ‰ dihydroarteannuin standard substance points.Temperature control is in 45 ℃, is evaporated to solvent-freely to go out, and adds dichloromethane 50L and pure water 100L, stirs extraction 15min.Tell organic phase, with methylene dichloride 50L extraction once, merge organic phase again.Organic phase with 5% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution 50L back extraction once, then is washed till neutrality with pure water again, tells organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, and again concentrating under reduced pressure crystallization obtains the arteether crude product.With 20L ethyl acetate thermosol and suitably concentrated, recrystallization obtains β-arteether elaboration 0.81kg with crude product, and the HPLC detection level is greater than 99.0%, and related substances α-arteether is less than 0.1%, and dihydroarteannuin is less than 0.1%, and total impurities is less than 0.3%.
Claims (10)
1. a method for preparing the intermediate double hydrogen arteannuin of arteether is characterized by, and adds homogeneous phase reduction agent POTASSIUM BOROHYDRIDE (perhaps lithium borohydride, zinc borohydride) in the ethanol solution of Artemisinin in batches.
2. require described method according to right 1, it is characterized in that reductive agent is that the consumption of hydroborate is 0.5~1.0 times of Artemisinin quality, the dehydrated alcohol consumption is 10~20 times of volumes of Artemisinin quality.
3. require described method according to right 1,2, it is characterized in that adding reductive agent control temperature at-5 ℃~25 ℃, temperature of reaction is at 0 ℃~25 ℃, reaction times 1~2h.
4. according to right 1,2,3 require described method, and reduction reaction is finished directly with about a kind of accent reacting liquid pH value to 7 in methylsulfonic acid, tosic acid or mineral acid phosphoric acid, the sulfuric acid etc.
5. according to right 1,2,3,4 require described method, it is characterized in that continuing to add lewis acid catalyst such as SnCl in the system that contains the intermediate double hydrogen arteannuin
2, CaCl
2, FeCl
3, ZnI
2, ZnBr
2, SbCl
3, (Ph3P)
3RhCl etc.
6. require described method according to right 5, it is characterized in that the Lewis acid consumption is 0.1~0.5 times of Artemisinin quality.
7. require described method according to right 6, it is characterized in that temperature control reacts 1~3h between 5 ℃~55 ℃, reaction is finished, and temperature control is evaporated to solvent-free between 45 ℃~55 ℃, must react cream dress thing.
8. require described method according to right 7, it is characterized in that adding to cream dress thing ethyl acetate or methylene dichloride or ethylene dichloride or the sherwood oil of 10~15 times of volumes of Artemisinin quality, and adding the pure water of two times of solvent volume, the solvent extraction secondary merges organic phase.
9. require described method according to right 8, it is characterized in that organic phase strips with 5% sodium bicarbonate, with pure water organic phase is washed till neutrality again.
10. require described method according to right 8, it is characterized in that organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate drying, the concentrating under reduced pressure crystallization again with ethyl acetate or acetone or ethyl alcohol recrystallization, obtains content greater than 99.0% β-arteether elaboration 0.85kg.
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CN103113385A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-22 | 张家港威胜生物医药有限公司 | Simple mass production process of preparing artemisinin 10-position ether derivative by using dihydroartemisinin as raw material |
CN103214496A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-07-24 | 彭学东 | Simple and rapid preparation process of dihydroartemisinin |
CN105377855A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2016-03-02 | 马普科技促进协会 | Method and device for synthesizing dihydroartemisinin and artemisinin derivative |
CN114524824A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 张家港威胜生物医药有限公司 | Green production process for preparing arteether |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103113385A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-22 | 张家港威胜生物医药有限公司 | Simple mass production process of preparing artemisinin 10-position ether derivative by using dihydroartemisinin as raw material |
CN103214496A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-07-24 | 彭学东 | Simple and rapid preparation process of dihydroartemisinin |
CN105377855A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2016-03-02 | 马普科技促进协会 | Method and device for synthesizing dihydroartemisinin and artemisinin derivative |
CN105377855B (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2018-04-10 | 马普科技促进协会 | Method and device for synthesizing dihydroartemisinin and artemisinin derivative |
CN114524824A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-05-24 | 张家港威胜生物医药有限公司 | Green production process for preparing arteether |
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