CN102879069A - Railroad track scale sensor and producing method thereof - Google Patents
Railroad track scale sensor and producing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102879069A CN102879069A CN201210365091XA CN201210365091A CN102879069A CN 102879069 A CN102879069 A CN 102879069A CN 201210365091X A CN201210365091X A CN 201210365091XA CN 201210365091 A CN201210365091 A CN 201210365091A CN 102879069 A CN102879069 A CN 102879069A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a railroad track scale sensor which comprises an elastic body, at least one group of strain resistors and leads which are sequentially connected. The longitudinal section of the elastic body is 'H'-shaped, each group of strain resistors is divided into two portions and adhered to symmetrical positions of two sides of the waist of the elastic body, each portion is composed of at least four strain resistors which are connected by the leads to form a bridge circuit, and the strain resistors in each portion are parallelly connected. The invention further discloses a producing method of the railroad track scale sensor. The method includes the steps: providing the elastic body with the 'H'-shaped longitudinal section; providing at least one group of strain resistors, wherein each group of strain resistors is divided into two portions and adhered to symmetrical positions of two sides of the waist of the elastic body, and each portion includes at least four strain resistors; and providing the leads and connecting the strain resistors through the leads to from the bridge circuit. The railroad track scale sensor is simple in structure, easy to mount and high in measuring precision, and the method is low in cost and easy to produce.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the track scale field, relate in particular to a kind of track scale sensor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
It is complicated that tradition is applied to the sensor construction of track weighing, mainly be installed on quiet, dynamic track weighting platform bottom, analog to digital conversion by secondary instrument and computing machine calculates weight again, installation requirement is complicated, need to reequip the original track of enterprise, track scale is installed, test must expend a large amount of time and expense, and can't realize dynamic car load weighing, cost is higher, can't satisfy high tonnage gradually, high precision, the requirement of track nonstandardized technique, traditional track scale mostly is static car load weighing simultaneously, is difficult in the practical operation car accurately is parked in position to be detected, therefore range of application is narrow, and efficient is low.Simultaneously, be subjected to the restriction of structural complexity, the making flow process of conventional rails LOAD CELLS is complicated, and cost is high, be not easy to batch production, in addition, the product of classic method system, temperature control and stress undertreatment, the elastic body creep is too high, and safety overload and extreme overload ability are all very low.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, technical matters to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of simple in structure, install easily, measuring accuracy is high, with low cost, the track scale sensor being convenient to produce and preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of track scale sensor, comprise the elastic body (1), strain resistor (2) and the wire (3) that connect successively, wherein, described elastomeric longitudinal cross-section is " worker " font, described strain resistor is at least one group, every group of described strain resistor all is divided into two parts and is adhered on the monosymmetric position of described elastic body waist, and the described strain resistor of every part all is at least 4 and be linked to be bridge circuit by described wire, is in parallel between the described strain resistor of each several part.
As preferably, also comprise by base (4) and be connected to the track body that longitudinal cross-section that the brace summer (5) on the described base consists of is down T-shape, described elastic body bag is located in the described brace summer, the elastic metallic that described brace summer is formed in one with elastic body and material is identical, described track body has strain bore (6) in the position that waist both sides correspondence is provided with described strain resistor, described wire passes described track body, and described base is provided with in order to self is fixed on the mounting hole (7) on the track pillow.
As preferably, have spacing (8) between described elastomeric bottom and described base, described elastomeric bottom also is bonded with at least one group, every group 4 strain resistors that are linked to be bridge circuit in parallel by wire.
As preferably, the one side of described strain resistor be stained with insulation basalis and by described basalis be bonded on the described elastic body, the another side of described strain resistor is bonded with protective seam.
As preferably, the palisade lamellar body of described strain resistor for being consisted of by resistance wire.
As preferably, described elastomeric material is the 40CrNiMoA steel.
As preferably, the material of described strain resistor is constantan.
A kind of track scale manufacturing of the fiber grating sensors method wherein, comprises the steps:
Step 1: provide the longitudinal cross-section to be the elastic body of " worker " font;
Step 2: at least one group of strain resistor is provided, and the every group of described strain resistor that provides all is divided into two parts and is adhered on the monosymmetric position of described elastic body waist, and the described strain resistor of every part all is at least 4;
Step 3: wire being provided and at least 4 strain resistors in described every part are linked to be bridge circuit by described wire, is in parallel between the described strain resistor of each several part.
As preferably, described elastic body makes via following method:
Step 1: the 40CrNiMoA steel are provided;
Step 2: forging described 40CrNiMoA steel is the structure that the longitudinal cross-section is " worker " font;
Step 3: will forge good described 40CrNiMoA steel and put into high temperature furnace and carry out 830 ℃～850 ℃ in advance vacuum annealing, then carry out 4～8 hours isothermal annealings of 640 ℃～660 ℃, then it is cold that stove is chilled to 350 ℃ of laggard line spaces, then under 830 ℃～850 ℃ temperature, carry out Quenching Treatment, put at last high temperature oven and remove stress by 48 hours high-temperature heatings of 180 ℃.
As preferably, described strain resistor adopts constantan to make through following method:
Step 1: strain resistor is cleaned in polishing, and the polishing superficial layer is removed oxide layer, and the portrayal resistance wire is pasted coordinate line;
Step 2 a: resistance wire mechanically is distributed in the substrate that an organic material makes according to coordinate line;
Step 3: coat uniformly alite paste on the surface of substrate, axial roll extrusion resistance wire makes the two bonding in substrate with pointing;
Step 4: in baking oven, be heated to 180 ℃ of bakings 3 hours;
Step 5: check whether fix resistance wire;
Step 6: coat vaseline on the surface and carry out the protection against the tide processing.
As shown from the above technical solution, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Compared to existing technology, product structure of the present invention is simple, install easily, measuring accuracy is high, easy to use, dynamic response is fast, stabilization time is short, test specification is wide, stable performance, long working life, can satisfy the needs of track weighing fully, the inventive method is with low cost, be convenient to produce.Particularly, elastic body among the present invention produces elastic deformation under the wheel External Force Acting, make and stick on its surperficial strain resistor generation distortion, produce " resistance strain effect " after the strain resistor distortion, utilize its resistance to change, through corresponding metering circuit this resistance variations is converted to electric signal, thereby finish the process that external force is transformed to electric signal, take tinsel as example, when mechanically deform occurs in tinsel under external force, the variation that its resistance value namely elongates or shortens along with its suffered mechanically deform and the phenomenon that changes is the resistance strain effect of metal, resistance-strain principle formula is
Wherein, μ is the Poisson's coefficient of tinsel material, and ε is the axial relative elongation of tinsel, K
0Be called sensitivity coefficient wiry, usually the K of metallic resistance silk
0Be 1.7～4.6.
The present invention selects the 40CrNiMoA steel to make elastic body, through Technologies for Heating Processing such as high annealing, oil quenching tempering, adopt the structure of the I-shaped track of bridge-type, and can be according to client's different needs, design height and the end face identical with client's trade shape, as be inverted T-shaped.The present invention directly carries out Weighing by being embedded in track, has simplified traditional track scale structure.Simultaneously, the present invention utilizes electric bridge compensation technique in parallel, has solved the problem that domestic traditional same type of sensor is subjected to length restriction, makes the error of stress point less than 0.1%, and the error amount of like product is 2%, below is the present invention and domestic existing like product technical feature contrast situation:
To sum up contrast, main advantage of the present invention is:
One: make elastic body by selecting the 40CrNiMoA steel, through heat treatment process such as high annealing, oil quenching tempering, the elastic body creep is half of similar track scale product, and the safety overload improves 20%, and extreme overload improves 25%;
Two: can make height and the end face identical with client's track, prolong the length of sensor by increasing strain bore, realized the weighing of continuous rail car load, joint gap is little between sensor and the track, stationarity is good, allow the maximum row vehicle speed can reach 30km/h during weighing, like product only is 15km/h;
Three: the parallel circuit group bridge mode by a plurality of strain bores, make each strain bore error precision less than 0.1%, improve 20 times than domestic similar track scale.
Four: bearing stability is good, and shock resistance, anti-vibration, antifatigue, anti-overload ability are strong, all are better than like product at aspects such as Dynamic Weighting and precision indexs, have realized the integrated of LOAD CELLS and track weighing platform.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is longitudinal cross-section of the present invention structural representation.
Fig. 2 is side structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is plan structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory schematic diagram among the present invention.
1, elastic body; 2, strain resistor; 3, wire; 4, base;
5, brace summer; 6, strain bore; 7, mounting hole; 8, spacing
Embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art can further understand feature of the present invention and technology contents, see also following about detailed description of the present invention and accompanying drawing.
See also Fig. 1 to shown in Figure 4; the invention provides a kind of track scale sensor; comprise the elastic body 1 that connects successively; strain resistor 2 and wire 3; wherein; described elastomeric longitudinal cross-section is " worker " font; described strain resistor is at least one group; every group of described strain resistor all is divided into two parts and is adhered on the monosymmetric position of described elastic body waist; the described strain resistor of every part all is at least 4 and be linked to be bridge circuit by described wire; be in parallel between the described strain resistor of each several part; also comprise by base 4 and be connected to the track body that longitudinal cross-section that the brace summer 5 on the described base consists of is down T-shape; described elastic body bag is located in the described brace summer; the elastic metallic that described brace summer is formed in one with elastic body and material is identical; described track body has strain bore 6 in the position that waist both sides correspondence is provided with described strain resistor; described wire passes described track body; described base is provided with in order to self is fixed on the mounting hole 7 on the track pillow; has spacing 8 between described elastomeric bottom and described base; described elastomeric bottom also is bonded with described strain resistor (not shown); the one side of described strain resistor is stained with the basalis of insulation and is bonded on the described elastic body by described basalis; the another side of described strain resistor is bonded with protective seam; the palisade lamellar body of described strain resistor for being consisted of by resistance wire; described elastomeric material is the 40CrNiMoA steel, and the material of described strain resistor is constantan.
Traditional sensor length is generally at 40～80cm, only have two strain bores, foil gauge in the strain bore adopts single bridge diagram to carry out the transducer sensitivity compensation, when elastic body length surpasses 80cm, owing to will become greatly by leverage, the error of measured value when each strain point is stressed, therefore domestic similar bridge architecture can't satisfy dynamic car load measurement, the present invention utilizes the parallel circuit Compensation Design to break through this technological difficulties, and each stress point measurement error value reaches 0.1%.In the present invention, be stained with 4 strain resistors in each strain bore, when elastic body length surpasses 80cm, increase in specific proportions strain bore, foil gauge adopts the electric bridge mode to carry out the precision compensation in each strain bore, adopts parallel circuit mode to connect on each strain bore electric bridge simultaneously, has reduced average impedance, has reduced the tolerance factor of sensor, and adopt multiple process to need only a bridge power supply, system's simple economy.The results showed, adopt the sort circuit connected mode, each stress point average error of sensor is less than 0.1%.
The strain resistor that the present invention selects is to be 0.025mm with diameter; have that the resistance wire of high resistivity makes; in order to obtain high resistance; resistance wire is arranged in the palisade lamellar body or claims sensitive grid; be pasted with the protective seam of protective effect above the sensitive grid; and be stained with the basalis of insulation; elastomeric distortion passes to sensitive grid by basalis; the two ends welding lead of resistance wire; strain resistor elastic body or claim the surface of sensitive beam and the bottom surface on all be pasted with two; and be connected into the bridge-type metering circuit by wire; if add weight at elastic body; strain resistor is out of shape together in company with elastic body; by measuring the variation of resistance, just can indirectly obtain the output voltage values of added weight, get final product monitor strain.
The present invention is mainly by elastic body, strain resistor, testing circuit forms work system, the elastic metallic that brace summer is formed in one with elastic body and material is identical, brace summer is installed on the base by screw, wire passes to be connected in the signal box from the base below, to have rail during installation now and cut out isometric one section with the present invention, again the present invention is embedded between the rail, and be fixed on the steel tie with high-strength bolt, strain resistor is affixed in the strain bore, during weighing work, train vibration influence is crossed the present invention, elastic body sensitive beam generation deformation makes the strain resistor that sticks in the elastic body strain bore produce simultaneously deformation, and the deformation of strain resistor produces " resistance strain effect ", utilize its resistance to change, through corresponding metering circuit this resistance variations is converted to electric signal again, signal can draw weighing results after processing, for guaranteeing the weighing system of different mining sites, when the elastic body Len req surpasses 80cm, increase in specific proportions strain bore.
Strain resistor among the present invention adopts metal wire type, when vehicle passes through track, the weight of vehicle is added to elastic body by wheel shaft or bogie, strain resistor generation deformation on the elastic body, weighing data is converted to voltage signal by sensor with weight signal, after amplification, filtering, send into the A/D conversion equipment, be digital signal with analog signal conversion, pass through computer interface, send into computing machine, pass through again program software, carry out data and process, the result that then will weigh prints in the screen demonstration with at printer.
For different clients' different tracks, the be hit by a bullet I-shaped structure of gonosome of the present invention can carry out the modification of height and end face, can be directly after the installation as the part of track, and joint gap is little between the track, has good anti-load and impact resistance.
The present invention also provides a kind of track scale manufacturing of the fiber grating sensors method, wherein, comprises the steps:
Step 1: provide the longitudinal cross-section to be the elastic body of " worker " font;
Step 2: at least one group of strain resistor is provided, and the every group of described strain resistor that provides all is divided into two parts and is adhered on the monosymmetric position of described elastic body waist, and the described strain resistor of every part all is at least 4;
Step 3: wire being provided and at least 4 strain resistors in described every part are linked to be bridge circuit by described wire, is in parallel between the described strain resistor of each several part.
As preferably, described elastic body makes via following method:
Step 1: the 40CrNiMoA steel are provided;
Step 2: forging described 40CrNiMoA steel is the structure that the longitudinal cross-section is " worker " font;
Step 3: will forge good described 40CrNiMoA steel and put into high temperature furnace and carry out 830 ℃～850 ℃ in advance vacuum annealing, then carry out 4～8 hours isothermal annealings of 640 ℃～660 ℃, then it is cold that stove is chilled to 350 ℃ of laggard line spaces, then under 830 ℃～850 ℃ temperature, carry out Quenching Treatment, put at last high temperature oven and remove stress by 48 hours high-temperature heatings of 180 ℃.
As preferably, described strain resistor adopts constantan to make through following method:
Step 1: strain resistor is cleaned in polishing, and the polishing superficial layer is removed oxide layer, and the portrayal resistance wire is pasted coordinate line;
Step 2 a: resistance wire mechanically is distributed in the substrate that an organic material makes according to coordinate line;
Step 3: coat uniformly alite paste on the surface of substrate, axial roll extrusion resistance wire makes the two bonding in substrate with pointing;
Step 4: in baking oven, be heated to 180 ℃ of bakings 3 hours;
Step 5: check whether fix resistance wire;
Step 6: coat vaseline on the surface and carry out the protection against the tide processing
The present invention selects the 40CrNiMoA steel to make elastic body, these steel have high-flexibility, shock resistance, anti-load, the corrosion-resistant characteristic such as better, has enough intensity and toughness, the relation of stressed rear stress and strain has good linearity and repeated, less hysteresis and creep, has good stability during long-term the use, its processing technology key step is as follows: the inspection of raw and process materials, the blanking moulding, thermal treatment, Numerical Control Wire Cutting, strain bore processing, surface working, 48 hours high temperature of the antirust electroplating processes in surface and 180 ℃ of heating of high temperature oven are removed stress, strain bore is removed oxide layer etc., it adopts high temperature furnace control firing rate and cooling velocity, optimal processing parameter in the exploitation elastic body heat treatment process, comprise heating-up temperature, firing rate, temperature retention time, the type of cooling, cooling velocity etc., determined best heat treatment process parameter, elastic body carries out 830 ℃～850 ℃ in advance vacuum annealing processing after forging, after carry out 640 ℃～660 ℃ isothermal annealing 4～8 hours, air cooling after stove is chilled to 350 ℃.Cooling is Quenching Treatment under 830 ℃～850 ℃ temperature afterwards, removes stress through double tempering again.The hardness that elastic body quenching rear surface reaches is not less than HRC50～55, reaches HRC38～43 after the tempering.According to working environment and the stability requirement of sensor, the present invention can withstand the continuous Load-unload lotus of 200,000 times specified value in-20 ℃～70 ℃ scopes, and operating accuracy is unaffected under the environment of ultimate temperature, humidity and air pressure.
The present invention adopts constantan as strain resistor, and temperature coefficient is little, thermal output is little, resistance value is large, contact electricity is little, fatigue lifetime is high.Constantan is the aldary that contains 40% nickel, 1.5% manganese, has lower temperature coefficient of resistivity and medium resistance rate, and its resistivity is 48 μ Ω cm.Constantan can use in wider temperature range, and good processing characteristics and welding performance are arranged, and its processing technology key step is as follows:
Polishing: clean strain resistor, the polishing superficial layer is removed oxide layer, and the portrayal resistance wire is pasted coordinate line;
Wiring: according to coordinate line, strain resistor is that a resistance wire mechanically is distributed in the substrate that an organic material makes;
Gluing: on the surface of substrate, coat uniformly alite paste, with the axial roll extrusion paster of finger;
Solidify: adopt the paster special glue in baking oven, to toast 180 ℃ of heating 3 hours;
Check: check whether fix resistance wire;
Protection: coat vaseline on the surface and carry out the protection against the tide processing.
But the above only is better possible embodiments of the present invention, is not to limit to claim of the present invention, thus the equivalent structure that all utilizations instructions of the present invention and accompanying drawing content are done variation, all in like manner within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. track scale sensor, comprise the elastic body (1), strain resistor (2) and the wire (3) that connect successively, it is characterized in that, described elastomeric longitudinal cross-section is " worker " font, described strain resistor is at least one group, every group of described strain resistor all is divided into two parts and is adhered on the monosymmetric position of described elastic body waist, the described strain resistor of every part all is at least 4 and be linked to be bridge circuit by described wire, is in parallel between the described strain resistor of each several part.
2. track scale sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise by base (4) and be connected to the track body that longitudinal cross-section that the brace summer (5) on the described base consists of is down T-shape, described elastic body bag is located in the described brace summer, the elastic metallic that described brace summer is formed in one with elastic body and material is identical, described track body has strain bore (6) in the position that waist both sides correspondence is provided with described strain resistor, described wire passes described track body, and described base is provided with in order to self is fixed on the mounting hole (7) on the track pillow.
3. track scale sensor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, have spacing (8) between described elastomeric bottom and described base, described elastomeric bottom also is bonded with at least one group, every group 4 strain resistors that are linked to be bridge circuit in parallel by wire.
4. track scale sensor as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the one side of described strain resistor be stained with insulation basalis and by described basalis be bonded on the described elastic body, the another side of described strain resistor is bonded with protective seam.
5. track scale sensor as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the palisade lamellar body of described strain resistor for being made of resistance wire.
6. such as each described track scale sensor in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, described elastomeric material is the 40CrNiMoA steel.
7. track scale sensor as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the material of described strain resistor is constantan.
8. a track scale manufacturing of the fiber grating sensors method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1: provide the longitudinal cross-section to be the elastic body of " worker " font;
Step 2: at least one group of strain resistor is provided, and the every group of described strain resistor that provides all is divided into two parts and is adhered on the monosymmetric position of described elastic body waist, and the described strain resistor of every part all is at least 4;
Step 3: wire being provided and at least 4 strain resistors in described every part are linked to be bridge circuit by described wire, is in parallel between the described strain resistor of each several part.
9. track scale manufacturing of the fiber grating sensors method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described elastic body makes via following method:
Step 1: the 40CrNiMoA steel are provided;
Step 2: forging described 40CrNiMoA steel is the structure that the longitudinal cross-section is " worker " font;
Step 3: will forge good described 40CrNiMoA steel and put into high temperature furnace and carry out 830 ℃～850 ℃ in advance vacuum annealing, then carry out 4～8 hours isothermal annealings of 640 ℃～660 ℃, then it is cold that stove is chilled to 350 ℃ of laggard line spaces, then under 830 ℃～850 ℃ temperature, carry out Quenching Treatment, put at last high temperature oven and remove stress by 48 hours high-temperature heatings of 180 ℃.
10. track scale manufacturing of the fiber grating sensors method as claimed in claim 8 or 9 is characterized in that, described strain resistor adopts constantan to make through following method:
Step 1: strain resistor is cleaned in polishing, and the polishing superficial layer is removed oxide layer, and the portrayal resistance wire is pasted coordinate line;
Step 2 a: resistance wire mechanically is distributed in the substrate that an organic material makes according to coordinate line;
Step 3: coat uniformly alite paste on the surface of substrate, axial roll extrusion resistance wire makes the two bonding in substrate with pointing;
Step 4: in baking oven, be heated to 180 ℃ of bakings 3 hours;
Step 5: check whether fix resistance wire;
Step 6: coat vaseline on the surface and carry out the protection against the tide processing.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210365091XA CN102879069A (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2012-09-27 | Railroad track scale sensor and producing method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210365091XA CN102879069A (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2012-09-27 | Railroad track scale sensor and producing method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106768217A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-31 | 锐马（福建）电气制造有限公司 | A kind of strain gauge transducer temperature compensation |
| CN107687888A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-02-13 | 安徽柯力电气制造有限公司 | A kind of production technology of digital weighing sensor |
| CN111473900A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-07-31 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Surface mounting method for detecting residual stress of rim of train wheel |
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| CN1204052A (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 1999-01-06 | 鲁南山 | Rail sensor |
| CN201765035U (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2011-03-16 | 北京华横新技术开发有限公司 | Torque Principle Two-dimensional Force Measuring Load Cell |
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| CN111473900A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-07-31 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | Surface mounting method for detecting residual stress of rim of train wheel |
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