CN102875410A - N, N-dimethyl-N [3-(carbohydrate amide group)] propyl group-N-alkyl ammonium bromide and synthetic method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of N,N-dimethyl-N [3-(sugar amido)] propyl-N-alkylammonium bromide has a general structural formula as follows:

Wherein: R is a C ₈ -C ₁₄ long-chain hydrocarbon group, and the sugar group is a monosaccharide group or a disaccharide group. The invention has the advantages of simple synthesis process, low equipment requirements, suitability for industrialization, low reaction temperature, no need for pressure and catalyst, definite reaction position on sugar groups, balanced reaction, no multi-substituted products and high yield.

Description

N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(sugaramido)]propyl-N-alkyl ammonium bromide and its synthesis method

technical field

The invention relates to a sugar-based amide quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and a synthesis method thereof, in particular to a N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(sugar amido)]propyl-N-alkyl Ammonium bromide and its synthesis method.

Background technique

In recent years, with people's increasing attention to environmental issues, the preparation of environmentally friendly surfactants has attracted more and more attention. The production of surfactants from carbohydrates is not only cheap in raw materials and rich in resources, but also mild, non-toxic, excellent in performance and good in environmental compatibility. It is one of the hot spots that people pay attention to in the 21st century. Gluconolactone and lactobionic acid are prepared from renewable resource starch, which have the advantages of low price, environmental protection, and easy amine ester reaction with alkylamines, and the reaction does not require cumbersome and expensive reactions on the hydroxyl groups on sugars. The protection of the reaction has the advantages of low temperature, high reaction conversion rate, no side reaction, etc., which is in line with the characteristics of atom-economical reaction. Therefore, the glycosylamide type surfactant produced from gluconolactone and lactobionic acid has a good development space.

The sugar-based quaternary ammonium salt surfactant combines the mildness of the sugar-based surfactant and the high efficiency of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, making it have the mildness, low toxicity, and low irritation of the non-ionic surfactant, and also It has the bactericidal, antistatic and anti-hard water properties of cationic surfactants, as well as good compatibility with anionic surfactants that general cationic surfactants do not have. It is a multifunctional surfactant.

The current synthesis method of sugar-based quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is mainly to use glucose or alkyl glycoside as raw material, first quaternized and then glycosidized or first glycosidized and then quaternized to synthesize. Kenneth B. Moser et al. used lower tertiary amines (trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine) to react with epichlorohydrin to generate cationization reagents, and then reacted with alkyl glycosides to generate glycoside-based quaternary ammonium salts. Manfred Weuthen and others developed the reaction of alkyl glycosides with epichlorohydrin to generate chloroglycoside intermediates, and then reacted with tertiary amines to generate glycoside-based quaternary ammonium salts. The main disadvantage of these two methods is that the activity of each hydroxyl group in the alkyl glycoside is not very different, the position of the reaction is uncertain, the reaction is unbalanced, and multiple substitutions often occur; John J. Tsai and others use glucose to react with chlorohydrins first. , to obtain chloroglucoside, and then carry out quaternization reaction with higher tertiary amine to obtain the target product. Not only need catalyzer in this reaction, and because the intermiscibility of chloroglucoside and advanced tertiary amine is bad in the quaternization reaction process, the steric hindrance of glucose is very big in addition, and reaction rate is very slow. And most of the sugar-based quaternary ammonium salt surfactants reported at present are products combined with ether bonds, and the sugar-based quaternary ammonium salt surfactants combined with amide bonds have not been reported. The amide bond is similar to the peptide bond in the protein, which can have better compatibility with the skin, and can give the hair and skin a natural luster and make it soft and moist.

Use gluconolactone or lactobionic acid to react with N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and then react with brominated alkyl to generate N,N-dimethyl-N[3-( Sugar amido)] propyl-N-alkylammonium bromide synthesis method and product structure of this new class of surfactants have not been reported yet.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method of utilizing gluconolactone or lactobionic acid to react with N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine to generate N,N-dimethyl-N'-sugar acyl-1 , 3-propanediamine intermediate, and N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(sugaramido)]propyl-N-alkyl ammonium bromide prepared by quaternization reaction with alkyl bromide and its synthesis method.

The general structural formula of N,N-dimethyl-N [3-(sugar amido)] propyl-N-alkylammonium bromide provided by the invention is as follows:

Wherein: R is a C ₈ -C ₁₄ long-chain hydrocarbon group, and the sugar group is a monosaccharide group or a disaccharide group.

The reaction scheme is as follows (taking gluconolactone as an example):

Synthetic method of the present invention:

(1) According to the molar ratio of sugar and N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine is 1.0:1.0-1.2, preferably 1:1, using methanol as solvent, sugar and N, N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine is mixed, preferably under the condition of methanol reflux, the reaction temperature is 45-65 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-10 h; after the reaction is completed, evaporate the solvent, Wash with ether to obtain N,N-dimethyl-N'-sugaryl-1,3-propanediamine intermediate;

(2) Mix N,N-dimethyl-N′-sugaryl-1,3-propanediamine intermediate and bromoalkane with lower alcohol as solvent, the reaction temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 15-20 h, wherein the molar ratio of N,N-dimethyl-N′-sugaryl-1,3-propanediamine intermediate and bromoalkane is 1.0:1.0-1.3, preferably 1.0:1.1 , After the reaction was completed, the solvent was distilled off and washed with ether to obtain N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(sugaramido)]propyl-N-alkylammonium bromide.

Sugars mentioned above are gluconolactone and lactobionic acid.

The brominated alkanes mentioned above are long chain C ₈ -C ₁₄ linear alkyl brominated alkanes.

The above-mentioned low-carbon alcohol solvent is methanol, absolute ethanol or 95% ethanol.

The N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(sugaramido)]propyl-N-alkylammonium bromide as mentioned above was determined by the improved Volhart method, and the purity was greater than 98%. Structural characterization by IR and ¹ H NMR confirmed that the analyzed N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(sugaramido)]propyl-N-alkylammonium bromide was the target product.

The product prepared by the present invention is a sugar-based amide quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, which not only has a non-ionic sugar-based hydrophilic group, but also has the characteristics of a cationic quaternary ammonium salt and an amide bond. Therefore, this product has mild performance, low toxicity, and low irritation. It has both the bactericidal, antistatic and hard water resistance of cationic surfactants, and has better compatibility with skin and good compatibility with anionic surfactants. Compatibility, is a multifunctional surfactant. It can be widely used in industries such as textiles, papermaking, cosmetics, washing supplies, mining and drilling fluid, and has a good application prospect.

Compared with the technology of existing glycosyl quaternary ammonium salt, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The synthesis process of the present invention is simple, requires low equipment, and is suitable for industrialization.

2. Low reaction temperature, no need for pressure and catalyst.

3. The reaction position on the sugar group is determined, the reaction is balanced, there will be no multiple substitution products, and the yield is high.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 The infrared spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N′-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine;

Figure 2 ¹ H NMR spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N′-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine;

Figure 3 ¹ HNMR spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-octyl ammonium bromide;

Figure 4 ¹ HNMR spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-decyl ammonium bromide;

Figure 5 ¹ HNMR spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide;

Figure 6 ¹ HNMR spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-tetradecylammonium bromide;

Figure 7 ¹ HNMR spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N′-lactoyl-1,3-propanediamine;

Figure 8 ¹ HNMR spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(lactosamido)]propyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide;

Figure 9 ¹ H NMR spectrum of N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(lactosamido)]propyl-N-tetradecylammonium bromide.

Detailed ways

Example 1

1. Synthesis of N,N-dimethyl-N'-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine

In a 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 12.2 g (120 mmol) N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 21.4 g (120 mmol) gluconolactone ), methanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 55 ℃, and react for 8 h. Remove from heat and let cool. The solvent was distilled off with a rotary evaporator, and the resulting product was washed twice with ether to remove residual N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine to obtain a white powder solid (N,N-dimethyl-N '-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine) 32.2 g, yield 95.8%.

IR(KBr): 3368 cm ^-1 ( ν (O–H)), 2941-2819 cm ^-1 ( ν (C–H) in –CH ₂ – or -CH ₃ ), ( 1651 cm ^-1 ( ν ( C=O) in amide), 1542 cm ^-1 (δ(N–H) in amide), 1461 cm ^-1 ( ν (C–H) in –CH ₂ – ), 1091-1036 cm ^-1 ( ν ( O–H)), 718 cm ^-1 (δ(CC) in >4CH ₂ ).

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ , ppm) δ: 1.618 (m, 2H, CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 2.223 (s, 6H, N( CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 2.298 (t, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 2.765 (t, 2H, NH CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.307-4.274 (6H, protons of sugar ), 7.794 (s, 1H, CO NH ).

2. Synthesis of N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-octyl ammonium bromide

In a 250 mL three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 15 g (53.6 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl-N′-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine, octyl bromide Alkanes 10.3 g (53.6 mmol), absolute ethanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 60°C and react for 20 h. Remove from heat and let cool. The solvent was evaporated with a rotary evaporator, and the product was washed three times with ether to obtain a brown syrup (N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-octylammonium bromide). It is 98.3% to measure the quaternary ammonium salt active substance content in the product at last.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ , ppm) δ: 0.890 (t, 3H, (CH ₂ ) ₅ CH ₃ ), 1.268 (m, 10H, (CH ₂ ) ₅ CH ₃ ), 1.729 (m, 2H, CH ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₅ CH ₃ ), 2.108 (m, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.230 (s, 6H, N( CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 3.394 (t, 2H, N CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.570 (t, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.781 (t, 2H, NH CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 4.137-5.516 (6H, protons of sugar ), 8.089 (s, 1H, CO NH ).

Example 2

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N'-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine

In a 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 12.2 g (120 mmol) N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 20.5 g (115 mmol) gluconolactone ), methanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 60 ℃, and react for 7 h. Remove from heat and let cool. Evaporate the solvent with a rotary evaporator, wash the resulting product twice with ether to remove residual N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and obtain a white powder solid (N,N-dimethyl-N '-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine) 30.2g, yield 92.4%.

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-decylammonium bromide

In a 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 15 g (53.6 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl-N′-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine, bromodecyl Alkanes 13 g (59 mmol), absolute ethanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 80°C, and react for 18 h. Remove from heat and let cool. Evaporate the solvent with a rotary evaporator, and wash the product with ether three times to obtain a white powder solid (N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-decyl ammonium bromide) . It is 99% to measure the quaternary ammonium salt active substance content in the product at last.

¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ , ppm) δ: 0.890 (t, 3H, (CH ₂ ) ₇ CH ₃ ), 1.267 (m, 14H, (CH ₂ ) ₇ CH ₃ ), 1.731 (m, 2H, CH ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₇ CH ₃ ), 2.112 (m, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.234 (s, 6H, N( CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 3.395 (t, 2H, N CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.591 (t, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.782 (t, 2H, NH CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 4.146-5.518 (6H, protons of sugar ), 8.091 (s, 1H, CO NH ).

Example 3

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N'-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine

In a 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 12.2 g (120 mmol) N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 19.6 g (110 mmol) gluconolactone ), methanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 65 ℃, and react for 6 h. Remove from heat and let cool. Evaporate the solvent with a rotary evaporator, wash the resulting product twice with ether to remove residual N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and obtain a white powder solid (N,N-dimethyl-N '-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine) 30 g, yield 94.3%.

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide

In a 250 mL three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 15 g (53.6 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl-N′-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine, decabromide Dioxane 15.9 g (64 mmol), 95% ethanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, the temperature was kept at 70°C, and the reaction was carried out for 17 h. Remove from heat and let cool. The solvent was distilled off with a rotary evaporator, and the product was washed 3 times with ether to obtain a white powder solid (N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide ). Finally, the content of quaternary ammonium salt active matter in the product is 98.8%.

¹ H-NMR(CDCl ₃ , ppm) δ: 0.893(t, 3H, (CH ₂ ) ₉ CH ₃ ), 1.268 (m, 18H, (CH ₂ ) ₉ CH ₃ ), 1.733 (m, 2H, CH ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₉ CH ₃ ), 2.088 (m, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.237 (s, 6H, N( CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 3.420 (t, 2H, N CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.605 (t, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.787 (t, 2H, NH CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 4.154-5.598 (6H, protons of sugar ), 8.093 (s, 1H, CO NH )

Example 4

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N'-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine

In a 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 12.2 g (120 mmol) N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 17.8 g (100 mmol) gluconolactone ), methanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 45 ℃, and react for 10 h. Remove from heat and let cool. Evaporate the solvent with a rotary evaporator, wash the resulting product twice with ether to remove residual N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and obtain a white powder solid (N,N-dimethyl-N '-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine) 27.5 g, yield 91.7%.

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamido)]propyl-N-tetradecylammonium bromide

In a 250 mL three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 15 g (53.6 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl-N′-glucosyl-1,3-propanediamine, decabromide Tetraxane 19.3 g (69.7 mmol), 95% ethanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 77°C and react for 15 h. Remove from heat and let cool. The solvent was distilled off with a rotary evaporator, and the product was washed 3 times with ether to obtain a white powder solid (N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(glucosamidyl)]propyl-N-tetradecylammonium bromide ). It is 98.6% to measure the quaternary ammonium salt active substance content in the product at last.

¹ H-NMR(CDCl ₃ , ppm) δ: 0.883(t, 3H, (CH ₂ ) ₁₁ CH ₃ ), 1.268 (m, 22H, (CH ₂ ) ₁₁ CH ₃ ), 1.726 (m, 2H, CH ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₁₁ CH ₃ ), 2.088 (m, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.235 (s, 6H, N( CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 3.393 (t, 2H, N CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.583 (t, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.786 (t, 2H, NH CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 4.154-5.537 (6H, protons of sugar ), 8.065 (s, 1H, CO NH )

Example 5

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N'-lactoyl-1,3-propanediamine

In a 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 6.1 g (60 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 21.5 g (60 mmol) of lactobionic acid, Methanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 65 ℃, and react for 8 h. Remove from heat and let cool. Evaporate the solvent with a rotary evaporator, wash the resulting product twice with ether to remove residual N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and obtain a light brown powder solid (N,N-dimethyl-1,3- N′-lactoyl-1,3-propanediamine) 26 g, yield 94.2%.

IR(KBr): 3384 cm ^-1 ( ν (O–H)), 2938-2828 cm ^-1 ( ν (C–H) in –CH ₂ – or -CH ₃ ), ( 1653 cm ^-1 ( ν ( C=O) in amide), 1541 cm ^-1 (δ(N–H) in amide), 1457 cm ^-1 ( ν (C–H) in –CH ₂ – ), 1078-1048 cm ^-1 ( ν ( O–H)), 705 cm ^-1 (δ(CC) in >4CH ₂ )

¹ H-NMR (D ₂ O, ppm) δ: 1.17 (m, 2H, CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 1.73 (t, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 2.27 (s, 6H, N( CH ₃ ) ₂ ), 2.43 (t, 2H, NH CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.27-4.57 (13H, protons of sugar )

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N[3-(lactosamido)]propyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide

In a 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 6.9 g (15 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl-N′-lactoyl-1,3-propanediamine, decabromide Dioxane 4 g (16 mmol), methanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 65°C, and react for 20 h. Remove from heat and let cool. The solvent was distilled off with a rotary evaporator, and the product was washed 3 times with ether to obtain a brownish-yellow solid (N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(lactosamido)]propyl-N-dodecylammonium bromide ). It is 98.3% to measure the quaternary ammonium salt active substance content in the product at last.

¹ H-NMR(D ₂ O, ppm) δ: 0.82(t, 3H, (CH ₂ ) ₉ CH ₃ ), 1.23 (m, 18H, (CH ₂ ) ₉ CH ₃ ), 1.69 (m, 2H, CH ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₉ CH ₃ ), 1.98 (m, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 2.78 (t, 2H, N CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.01 (s, 6H, N( CH ₃ ) ₂ ) , 3.27 (m, 4H, NH CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.53-4.52 (13H, protons of sugar )

Example 6

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N'-lactoyl-1,3-propanediamine

In a 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 6.1 g (60 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 21.5 g (60 mmol) of lactobionic acid, Methanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 60 ℃, and react for 8 h. Remove from heat and let cool. Evaporate the solvent with a rotary evaporator, wash the resulting product twice with ether to remove residual N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, and obtain a light brown powder solid (N,N-dimethyl-1,3- N′-lactoyl-1,3-propanediamine) 26 g, yield 93.2%.

Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-N[3-(lactosamido)]propyl-N-tetradecylammonium bromide

In a 250 mL three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a thermometer and a spherical condenser, add 6.9 g (15 mmol) of N,N-dimethyl-N′-lactoyl-1,3-propanediamine, decabromide Tetraxane 4 g (17 mmol), methanol 80 mL. Under the condition of stirring, keep the temperature at 60°C and react for 20 h. Remove from heat and let cool. The solvent was distilled off with a rotary evaporator, and the product was washed 3 times with ether to obtain a brownish yellow solid (N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(lactosamido)]propyl-N-tetradecyl ammonium bromide ). It is 98.4% to measure the quaternary ammonium salt active matter content in the product at last.

¹ H-NMR(D ₂ O, ppm) δ: 0.81(t, 3H, (CH ₂ ) ₁₁ CH ₃ ), 1.24 (m, 22H, (CH ₂ ) ₁₁ CH ₃ ), 1.70 (m, 2H, CH ₂ (CH ₂ ) ₁₁ CH ₃ ), 1.98 (m, 2H, NHCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 2.81 (t, 2H, N CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.04 (s, 6H, N( CH ₃ ) ₂ ) , 3.30 (m, 4H, NH CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ ), 3.48-4.50 (13H, protons of sugar).

Claims (7)

1. A N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(sugar amido)]propyl-N-alkyl ammonium bromide, characterized in that N,N-dimethyl-N[3-( Sugar amido)] propyl group-N-alkyl ammonium bromide structural general formula is as follows:

Wherein: R is a C ₈ -C ₁₄ long-chain hydrocarbon group, and the sugar group is a monosaccharide group or a disaccharide group. 2. a kind of N as claimed in claim 1, the synthetic method of N-dimethyl-N [3-(sugar amido)] propyl group-N-alkyl ammonium bromide, is characterized in that comprising the following steps : (1) According to the molar ratio of sugar and N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine as 1.0:1.0-1.2, using methanol as solvent, sugar and N,N-dimethyl-1, Mix 3-propanediamine, it is best to react under the condition of methanol reflux, the reaction temperature is 45-65 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-10 h; after the reaction is completed, evaporate the solvent and wash with ether to obtain N,N -Dimethyl-N'-sugaryl-1,3-propanediamine intermediate; (2) Mix N,N-dimethyl-N′-sugaryl-1,3-propanediamine intermediate and bromoalkane with lower alcohol as solvent, the reaction temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the reaction time is 15-20 h, wherein the molar ratio of N,N-dimethyl-N′-sugaryl-1,3-propanediamine intermediate and bromoalkane is 1.0:1.0-1.3, after the reaction is completed, evaporate The solvent was washed with ether to obtain N,N-dimethyl-N[3-(sugaramido)]propyl-N-alkylammonium bromide. 3. a kind of N as claimed in claim 2, the synthetic method of N-dimethyl-N [3-(sugaramido)] propyl-N-alkyl ammonium bromide, is characterized in that described The sugars are gluconolactone and lactobionic acid. 4. a kind of N as claimed in claim 2, the synthetic method of N-dimethyl-N [3-(sugaramido)] propyl-N-alkyl ammonium bromide, is characterized in that described Brominated alkanes are long chain C ₈ -C ₁₄ linear alkyl brominated alkanes. 5. a kind of N as claimed in claim 2, the synthetic method of N-dimethyl-N [3-(sugaramido)] propyl-N-alkylammonium bromide, is characterized in that described The low-carbon alcohol solvent is methanol, absolute ethanol or 95% ethanol. 6. a kind of N as claimed in claim 2, the synthetic method of N-dimethyl-N [3-(sugar amido)] propyl-N-alkyl ammonium bromide, it is characterized in that sugar and N , The molar ratio of N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine is 1:1. 7. A kind of N, N-dimethyl-N [3-(sugar amido)] propyl-N-alkyl ammonium bromide synthetic method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, N- The molar ratio of dimethyl-N'-sugaryl-1,3-propanediamine intermediate and brominated alkyl is 1.0:1.1.

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