CN102862098A

CN102862098A - Soft abrasive particle flow processing method loaded with ultrasonic excitation and device thereof

Info

Publication number: CN102862098A
Application number: CN2012103367140A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 计时鸣; 李宜燃; 谭大鹏; 敖海平; 王嘉琦
Original assignee: Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Current assignee: Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
Priority date: 2012-09-12
Filing date: 2012-09-12
Publication date: 2013-01-09

Abstract

A soft abrasive flow processing method loaded with ultrasonic excitation, the soft abrasive flow processing device includes a constrained flow channel base and a constrained module, the inlet of the restricted flow channel is connected to the outlet of a hydraulic pump, and a vibrating component is installed on the constrained module, The vibration part is connected with the ultrasonic generator, the vibration sensor for monitoring the vibration signal value is installed on the constraint module, the pressure sensor is respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the constraint flow channel, and the flow meter is installed at the outlet; the processing method is as follows: real-time monitoring The vibration signal, pressure signal and flow signal of the collected signal are input into the fluid control equation under the Cartesian coordinate system; the flow state of the soft abrasive flow is controlled in real time by controlling the input speed of the pump and the frequency of the ultrasonic generator, thereby To control the entire polishing process. And a device for realizing the soft abrasive flow processing method is provided. The invention enhances turbulence intensity, improves processing efficiency, reduces energy consumption, is suitable for complex workpiece processing, and effectively eliminates processing dead angles.

Description

A Soft Abrasive Flow Machining Method Loaded with Ultrasonic Excitement and Its Device

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及软性磨粒流精密加工领域，尤其是一种软性磨粒流加工方法及其装置。The invention relates to the field of soft abrasive flow precision machining, in particular to a soft abrasive flow processing method and a device thereof.

背景技术 Background technique

如今，制造业快时尚发展，人们对零件表面的精度要求越来越高，对零件自由曲面的精密加工可以应用新型气囊抛光等技术。现在加工的零件结构复杂化，模具制造中所涉及的沟、槽、空、棱柱、棱锥、窄缝等结构化表面增多，对这些表面的精密光整加工技术研究却比较薄弱。液-固两相软性磨粒流加工是应用软性磨粒流在被加工工件的结构化表面形成湍流流动，配以约束模块，使被加工表面成为流道壁面的一部分，形成磨粒流道。磨粒流流过该通道时，对壁面的粗糙出进行微切削作用，实现结构化便面的无工具加工。Nowadays, with the development of fast fashion in the manufacturing industry, people have higher and higher requirements for the precision of the surface of the parts. The precision machining of the free-form surface of the parts can be applied to new technologies such as airbag polishing. The structure of the parts processed now is complicated, and the structured surfaces such as grooves, grooves, hollows, prisms, pyramids, and narrow slits involved in mold manufacturing are increasing, but the research on the precision finishing technology of these surfaces is relatively weak. Liquid-solid two-phase soft abrasive flow processing is the application of soft abrasive flow to form turbulent flow on the structured surface of the workpiece to be processed, coupled with a constraint module, so that the processed surface becomes a part of the flow channel wall to form abrasive flow road. When the abrasive particle flow flows through the channel, it performs micro-cutting action on the roughness of the wall surface, realizing the tool-free processing of structured instant noodles.

加工流道的底座、约束流道、约束模块及磨粒流的输出、循环和回收都是软性磨粒流的重要部分。液-固两相软性磨粒流加工是以磨粒流的湍流为理论依据，以磨粒间的相互碰撞及磨粒与壁面间的碰撞为基础，对磨粒进行动力学分析，利用湍流流场中磨粒对壁面的切削作用，对被加工工件壁面粗糙处进行精密加工。该技术弥补了传统光整加工方法对结构化表面加工的劣势，同时也能对其他复杂的工件表面进行加工，并能够实现自动控制The base of the processing flow channel, the restricted flow channel, the restricted module and the output, circulation and recovery of the abrasive flow are all important parts of the soft abrasive flow. Liquid-solid two-phase soft abrasive flow processing is based on the turbulent flow of abrasive flow as the theoretical basis, and based on the collision between abrasive particles and the collision between abrasive particles and the wall, the dynamic analysis of abrasive particles is carried out, and the use of turbulent flow The cutting effect of the abrasive grains on the wall surface in the flow field is used to perform precision machining on the rough part of the wall surface of the processed workpiece. This technology makes up for the disadvantages of traditional finishing methods for structured surface processing, and can also process other complex workpiece surfaces, and can realize automatic control

目前，正应用于加工的软性磨粒流主要还存在以下缺点：1、液压泵的压力和流量较低，磨粒流的速度和湍流强度较低，因此产生加工时间偏长、加工效率低、能耗过大，达不到所期望的加工效果。2、在复杂的流道中磨粒流的的流态无法控制，有些地方湍流耗散过大，会形式加工死角及整个流道内加工不均匀的现象。At present, the soft abrasive flow that is being used in processing still has the following disadvantages: 1. The pressure and flow of the hydraulic pump are low, and the velocity and turbulent intensity of the abrasive flow are low, so the processing time is long and the processing efficiency is low. , The energy consumption is too large, and the desired processing effect cannot be achieved. 2. The flow state of the abrasive particle flow in the complex flow channel cannot be controlled, and the turbulent flow dissipation in some places is too large, which will cause dead ends in processing and uneven processing in the entire flow channel.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

为了克服已有软性磨粒流加工方法及其装置的湍流强度较小、加工效率较低、能耗大、不能适用于复杂工件加工、存在加工死角的不足，本发明提供一种增强湍流强度、提高加工效率、降低能耗、适用于复杂工件加工、有效消除加工死角的加载超声波激振的软性磨粒流加工方法及其装置。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing soft abrasive flow processing method and its device, such as low turbulence intensity, low processing efficiency, high energy consumption, inapplicability to complex workpiece processing, and the existence of processing dead angles, the present invention provides an enhanced turbulence intensity 1. Improve processing efficiency, reduce energy consumption, apply to processing complex workpieces, and effectively eliminate processing dead angles. A soft abrasive flow processing method and device thereof loaded with ultrasonic excitation.

本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

一种加载超声波激振的软性磨粒流加工方法，软性磨粒流加工装置包括约束流道底座和约束模块，所述约束模块位于所述约束流道底座的上部，所述约束模块与所述约束流道底座之间形成用于供软性磨粒流过的约束流道，所述约束流道的进口与液压泵的出口相连，所述约束模块上安装振动部件，所述振动部件与超声波发生器连接，所述约束模块上安装用以监测振动信号值的振动传感器，在约束流道的入口和出口处分别安装压力传感器，在出口处安装流量计；所述加工方法过程如下：实时监测的振动信号、压力信号和流量信号，将采集的信号输入笛卡尔坐标系下的流体控制方程：A soft abrasive flow processing method loaded with ultrasonic excitation, the soft abrasive flow processing device includes a restricted flow channel base and a restricted module, the restricted module is located on the upper part of the restricted flow channel base, the restricted module and A restricted flow passage for soft abrasive particles to flow through is formed between the restricted flow passage bases, the inlet of the restricted flow passage is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump, and a vibration component is installed on the restriction module, and the vibration component It is connected with the ultrasonic generator, the vibration sensor for monitoring the vibration signal value is installed on the constraint module, the pressure sensor is respectively installed at the inlet and the outlet of the constraint flow channel, and the flowmeter is installed at the outlet; the process of the processing method is as follows: Real-time monitoring of vibration signals, pressure signals and flow signals, and input the collected signals into the fluid control equation in the Cartesian coordinate system:

连续性方程： $\frac{&PartialD; ρ}{&PartialD; t} + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} (ρ u_{j}) = 0 - - - (1)$ Continuity equation: $\frac{&PartialD; ρ}{&PartialD; t} + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} (ρ u_{j}) = 0 - - - (1)$

动量方程： $\frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; t} (ρ u_{i}) + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} (ρ u_{j} u_{i}) = - \frac{&PartialD; p}{&PartialD; x_{i}} + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} [μ (\frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{i}} + \frac{&PartialD; u_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{j}})] - \frac{2}{3} \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{i}} (μ \frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{j}}) + ρ g_{i} - - - (2)$ Momentum equation: $\frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; t} (ρ u_{i}) + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} (ρ u_{j} u_{i}) = - \frac{&PartialD; p}{&PartialD; x_{i}} + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} [μ (\frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{i}} + \frac{&PartialD; u_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{j}})] - \frac{2}{3} \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{i}} (μ \frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{j}}) + ρ g_{i} - - - (2)$

k-ε模型中，k和ε的输运方程如下：In the k-ε model, the transport equations of k and ε are as follows:

$\frac{&PartialD; &PartialD;}{&PartialD; &PartialD; t t} ((ρk ρk)) + + \frac{&PartialD; &PartialD;}{&PartialD; &PartialD; {x x}_{j j}} ((ρ ρ {\overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{u u}}_{j j} k k)) = = \frac{&PartialD; &PartialD;}{&PartialD; &PartialD; {x x}_{j j}} [[((μ μ + + \frac{{μ μ}_{t t}}{{σ σ}_{k k}})) \frac{&PartialD; &PartialD; k k}{&PartialD; &PartialD; {x x}_{j j}}]] + + {μ μ}_{t t} ((\frac{&PartialD; &PartialD; {\overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{u u}}_{i i}}{&PartialD; &PartialD; {x x}_{k k}} + + \frac{&PartialD; &PartialD; {\overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{u u}}_{k k}}{&PartialD; &PartialD; {x x}_{i i}})) \frac{&PartialD; &PartialD; {\overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{u u}}_{i i}}{&PartialD; &PartialD; {x x}_{k k}} - - ρϵ ρϵ - - - - - - ((33))$

$\frac{&PartialD; &PartialD;}{&PartialD; &PartialD; t t} ((ρϵ ρϵ)) + + \frac{&PartialD; &PartialD;}{&PartialD; &PartialD; {x x}_{j j}} ((ρ ρ {\overset{&OverBar; &OverBar;}{u u}}_{j j} ϵ ϵ)) = = \frac{&PartialD; &PartialD;}{&PartialD; &PartialD; {x x}_{j j}} [[((μ μ + + \frac{{μ μ}_{t t}}{{σ σ}_{ϵ ϵ}})) \frac{&PartialD; &PartialD; ϵ ϵ}{&PartialD; &PartialD; {x x}_{j j}}]] + + {C C}_{11} ρEϵ ρEϵ - - {C C}_{22} ρ ρ \frac{{ϵ ϵ}^{22}}{k k + + \sqrt{νϵ νϵ}} - - - - - - ((44))$

部分参数经验值为：C₂=1.9；

σ_k=1.0，σ_ε=1.2；

η = {(2 E_{ij} \cdot E_{ij})}^{1 / 2} \frac{k}{ϵ};

E = \frac{1}{2} (\frac{&PartialD; u_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{j}} + \frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{i}});

The empirical value of some parameters is: C ₂ =1.9;

σ _k = 1.0, σ _ε = 1.2;

η = {(2 {E.}_{ij} &Center Dot; {E.}_{ij})}^{1 / 2} \frac{k}{ϵ};

E. = \frac{1}{2} (\frac{&PartialD; u_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{j}} + \frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{i}});

式中，t为时间；ρ为流体密度；x_i，x_j为张量坐标；u_i为速度矢量u在三个坐标轴方向的分量；μ_t为湍流粘性系数；μ为流体动力粘度；E为应变率；σ_k、σ_ε分别为湍动能和湍动能耗散率对应的普朗特数；In the formula, t is time; ρ is fluid density; x _i , x _j are tensor coordinates; u _i is the component of velocity vector u in the direction of three coordinate axes; μ _t is turbulent viscosity coefficient; μ is fluid dynamic viscosity; E is the strain rate; σ _k and σ _ε are the Prandtl numbers corresponding to the turbulent kinetic energy and the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, respectively;

通过控制泵的输入速度和超声波发生器的频率来实时控制软性磨粒流的流态，从而来控制整个抛光进程。By controlling the input speed of the pump and the frequency of the ultrasonic generator to control the flow state of the soft abrasive flow in real time, so as to control the entire polishing process.

一种加载超声波激振的软性磨粒流加工装置，包括约束流道底座和约束模块，所述约束模块位于所述约束流道底座的上部，所述约束模块与所述约束流道底座之间形成用于供软性磨粒流过的约束流道，所述约束流道的进口与液压泵的出口相连，所述约束模块上安装振动部件，所述振动部件与超声波发生器连接，所述约束模块上安装用以监测振动信号值的振动传感器，在约束流道的入口和出口处分别安装压力传感器，在出口处安装流量计；所述装置还包括用以将实时监测的振动信号、压力信号和流量信号输入流体控制方程，通过控制泵的输入速度和超声波发生器的频率来实时控制软性磨粒流的流态的抛光加工控制器，所述振动传感器、压力传感器和流量计分别与所述抛光加工控制器连接。A soft abrasive flow processing device loaded with ultrasonic excitation, including a restricted flow channel base and a restricted module, the restricted module is located on the upper part of the restricted flow channel base, and the restricted module and the restricted flow channel base A restricted flow channel for soft abrasive particles to flow through is formed between them, the inlet of the restricted flow channel is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump, a vibrating component is installed on the constrained module, and the vibrating component is connected to the ultrasonic generator. A vibration sensor for monitoring the vibration signal value is installed on the restriction module, a pressure sensor is respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the restricted flow channel, and a flowmeter is installed at the outlet; the device also includes a vibration signal for real-time monitoring, The pressure signal and flow signal are input into the fluid control equation, and the polishing processing controller that controls the flow state of the soft abrasive flow in real time by controlling the input speed of the pump and the frequency of the ultrasonic generator, the vibration sensor, pressure sensor and flow meter respectively Connect with the polishing processing controller.

进一步，所述约束模块上方安装顶盖，所述顶盖与所述约束流道底座固定连接。Further, a top cover is installed above the restriction module, and the top cover is fixedly connected with the base of the restriction flow channel.

所述振动部件为振动棒，所述振动棒位于约束模块的中部，所述振动棒与约束模块通过软固结组织连接。The vibrating part is a vibrating rod, the vibrating rod is located in the middle of the restraint module, and the vibrating rod and the restraint module are connected through soft consolidation tissue.

本发明的技术构思为：以超声波激振在液体中能改变压力场，高幅和高频的压力场改变在液体中产生相应的压力波，并当压力变化的幅度大到足以使压力降低到低于液体的气化压力时，就会产生空化现象来实现扰流。The technical idea of the present invention is: the pressure field can be changed in the liquid by ultrasonic excitation, and the high-amplitude and high-frequency pressure field changes will generate corresponding pressure waves in the liquid, and when the amplitude of the pressure change is large enough to reduce the pressure to When the gasification pressure of the liquid is lower than that of the liquid, cavitation occurs to achieve flow disturbance.

本发明的有益效果主要表现在：增强湍流强度、提高加工效率、降低能耗、适用于复杂工件加工、有效消除加工死角。The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly manifested in: enhancing turbulent flow intensity, improving processing efficiency, reducing energy consumption, being suitable for complex workpiece processing, and effectively eliminating processing dead angles.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是加载超声波激振的软性磨粒流加工装置的示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a soft abrasive flow processing device loaded with ultrasonic excitation.

图2是约束流道底座的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the base constraining the flow channel.

图3是约束模块的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a constraint module.

图4是加载超声波激振的软性磨粒流加工方法的流程图。Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the soft abrasive flow machining method loaded with ultrasonic excitation.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

实施例1Example 1

参照图1～图4，一种加载超声波激振的软性磨粒流加工方法，软性磨粒流加工装置包括约束流道底座3和约束模块2，所述约束模块2位于所述约束流道底座3的上部，所述约束模块2与所述约束流道底座3之间形成用于供软性磨粒流过的约束流道6，所述约束流道6的进口与液压泵的出口相连，所述约束模块2上安装振动部件8，所述振动部件8与超声波发生器连接，所述约束模块2上安装用以监测振动信号值的振动传感器，在约束流道6的入口和出口处分别安装压力传感器，在出口处安装流量计；所述加工方法过程如下：实时监测的振动信号、压力信号和流量信号，将采集的信号输入笛卡尔坐标系下的流体控制方程：Referring to Figures 1 to 4, a soft abrasive flow machining method loaded with ultrasonic excitation, the soft abrasive flow machining device includes a constrained channel base 3 and a constrained module 2, the constrained module 2 is located in the constrained flow The upper part of the passage base 3, the restriction flow passage 6 for soft abrasive grains to flow is formed between the restriction module 2 and the restriction passage base 3, the inlet of the restriction passage 6 is connected with the outlet of the hydraulic pump Connected, the vibrating part 8 is installed on the restraint module 2, the vibrating part 8 is connected with the ultrasonic generator, the vibration sensor for monitoring the vibration signal value is installed on the restraint module 2, at the inlet and outlet of the restraint flow channel Pressure transducers are respectively installed at outlets, and flowmeters are installed at outlets; the processing method process is as follows: real-time monitored vibration signals, pressure signals and flow signals, and the collected signals are input into the fluid control equation under the Cartesian coordinate system:

部分参数经验值为：C₂=1.9；

σ_k=1.0，σ_ε=1.2；

η = {(2 E_{ij} \cdot E_{ij})}^{1 / 2} \frac{k}{ϵ};

E = \frac{1}{2} (\frac{&PartialD; u_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{j}} + \frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{i}});

The empirical value of some parameters is: C ₂ =1.9;

σ _k = 1.0, σ _ε = 1.2;

η = {(2 {E.}_{ij} \cdot {E.}_{ij})}^{1 / 2} \frac{k}{ϵ};

E. = \frac{1}{2} (\frac{&PartialD; u_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{j}} + \frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{i}});

式中，t为时间；ρ为流体密度；x_i，x_j为张量坐标；u_i为速度矢量u在三个坐标轴方向的分量；μ_t为湍流粘性系数；μ为流体动力粘度；E为应变率；σ_k、σ_ε分别为湍动能和湍动能耗散率对应的普朗特数；通过控制泵的输入速度和超声波发生器的频率来实时控制软性磨粒流的流态，从而来控制整个抛光进程。In the formula, t is time; ρ is fluid density; x _i , x _j are tensor coordinates; u _i is the component of velocity vector u in the direction of three coordinate axes; μ _t is turbulent viscosity coefficient; μ is fluid dynamic viscosity; E is the strain rate; σ _k and σ _ε are the Prandtl numbers corresponding to the turbulent kinetic energy and the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate; the flow state of the soft abrasive flow can be controlled in real time by controlling the input speed of the pump and the frequency of the ultrasonic generator , so as to control the entire polishing process.

本实施例中，软性磨粒流在约束模块和被加工工件组成的约束流道内高速流动，高雷诺数的流体在约束流道内形成湍流带动磨粒对壁面进行微切削作用，通过控制流速、压力及约束模块的形状等来达到控制湍流的形态，最终使有结构化表面的加工工件达到镜面级抛光光洁度。In this embodiment, the soft abrasive flow flows at high speed in the restricted channel formed by the constrained module and the workpiece to be processed, and the high Reynolds number fluid forms turbulent flow in the restricted channel to drive the abrasive particles to perform micro-cutting on the wall surface. By controlling the flow rate, The pressure and the shape of the constraint module are used to control the shape of the turbulent flow, and finally the processed workpiece with a structured surface can achieve a mirror-level polished finish.

机械超声振动可在液体中继续传播下引起质点的高频振动促使被加工工件表面附件的磨料颗粒产生同频率的振动并撞击被加工表面产生材料去除。The mechanical ultrasonic vibration can continue to propagate in the liquid and cause the high-frequency vibration of the particle to prompt the abrasive particles attached to the surface of the workpiece to be processed to vibrate at the same frequency and hit the surface to be processed to generate material removal.

同时高频的振动带来的压力场周期性变化还会使液体中产生空化现象，而由此带来局部高温高压与软性磨料流结合，便可大大提高软性磨粒流的湍流强度，从而提高加工效率，降低能耗。At the same time, the periodic change of the pressure field caused by high-frequency vibration will also cause cavitation in the liquid, and the combination of local high temperature and high pressure with the soft abrasive flow can greatly increase the turbulence intensity of the soft abrasive flow. , thereby improving processing efficiency and reducing energy consumption.

通过对超声频率控制以达到最高的加工效率和最好的加工效果。在约束流道中加载超声振动位置的控制来平衡复杂约束流道不同位置的加工效率扫除软性磨粒流加工的盲点。By controlling the ultrasonic frequency to achieve the highest processing efficiency and the best processing effect. The position control of ultrasonic vibration in the restricted flow channel is used to balance the processing efficiency of different positions in the complex restricted flow channel to eliminate the blind spots of soft abrasive flow processing.

加载超声波激振的软性磨粒流的方法，首先采用了SenocakI&Shyy W等提出了液体体积分数α₁的相变方程式，并在Owis&Nayfen将空泡流中相变模型经验公式进行了简化。并用它来封闭方程组，在笛卡尔坐标系下的流体控制方程（1）。In the method of loading ultrasonically excited soft abrasive flow, the phase change equation of the liquid volume fraction α ₁ proposed by SenocakI&Shyy W was first adopted, and the empirical formula of the phase change model in cavitation flow was simplified by Owis&Nayfen. and use it to close the system of equations, the fluid governing equation (1) in Cartesian coordinates.

参考图4，通过上述方程在计算机中建立控制器，由安装在加工系统上的传感器来得到实时信号。并把信号反馈到建立起来的控制器当中处理，得到调整方案。通过控制泵的输入速度和加载超声波激振的频率来实时控制软性磨粒流的流态，从而来控制整个抛光进程。Referring to Fig. 4, the controller is established in the computer through the above equation, and the real-time signal is obtained from the sensor installed on the processing system. And the signal is fed back to the established controller for processing, and an adjustment plan is obtained. By controlling the input speed of the pump and the frequency of ultrasonic excitation, the flow state of the soft abrasive flow is controlled in real time, so as to control the entire polishing process.

实施例2Example 2

参照图1~图4，一种加载超声波激振的软性磨粒流加工装置，包括约束流道底座3和约束模块2，所述约束模块2位于所述约束流道底座3的上部，所述约束模块2与所述约束流道底座3之间形成用于供软性磨粒流过的约束流道6，所述约束流道6的进口与液压泵的出口相连，所述约束模块2上安装振动部件8，所述振动部件8与超声波发生器连接，所述约束模块2上安装用以监测振动信号值的振动传感器，在约束流道6的入口和出口处分别安装压力传感器；所述装置还包括用以将实时监测的振动信号、压力信号和流量信号输入流体控制方程，通过控制泵的输入速度和超声波发生器的频率来实时控制软性磨粒流的流态的抛光加工控制器，所述振动传感器、压力传感器和流量计分别与所述抛光加工控制器连接。Referring to Figures 1 to 4, a soft abrasive flow processing device loaded with ultrasonic excitation includes a constrained channel base 3 and a constrained module 2, the constrained module 2 is located on the upper part of the constrained channel base 3, the A restricted channel 6 for soft abrasive particles to flow through is formed between the restricted module 2 and the restricted channel base 3, the inlet of the restricted channel 6 is connected to the outlet of the hydraulic pump, and the restricted module 2 A vibrating part 8 is installed on the top, and the vibrating part 8 is connected with the ultrasonic generator. A vibration sensor for monitoring the vibration signal value is installed on the constrained module 2, and a pressure sensor is respectively installed at the entrance and exit of the constrained flow channel 6; The device also includes a polishing processing control for inputting the real-time monitored vibration signal, pressure signal and flow signal into the fluid control equation, and controlling the flow state of the soft abrasive flow in real time by controlling the input speed of the pump and the frequency of the ultrasonic generator device, the vibration sensor, pressure sensor and flow meter are respectively connected with the polishing controller.

进一步，所述约束模块2上方安装顶盖1，所述顶盖1与所述约束流道底座3固定连接。Further, a top cover 1 is installed above the restriction module 2 , and the top cover 1 is fixedly connected to the base 3 of the restriction flow channel.

所述振动部件8为振动棒，所述振动棒位于约束模块的中部，所述振动棒与约束模块通过软固结组织9连接。The vibrating part 8 is a vibrating rod, the vibrating rod is located in the middle of the restraint module, and the vibrating rod is connected with the restraint module through a soft consolidation structure 9 .

如上所述，在约束流道6的入口和出口处分别安装压力传感器，得到入口和出口处的压力数值。在流道出口安装流量计得到磨粒流的流量值。在盖板1上安装振动传感器，将信号通过滤波装置，再经FFT等数值处理方法得到实时的振动信号。As mentioned above, pressure sensors are respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the restricted channel 6 to obtain the pressure values at the inlet and outlet. A flow meter is installed at the outlet of the runner to obtain the flow value of the abrasive particle flow. A vibration sensor is installed on the cover plate 1, and the signal is passed through a filter device, and then a real-time vibration signal is obtained through a numerical processing method such as FFT.

参考图1~图3要实现在软性磨粒流中加载超声波激振，本发明设计了相应的加载装置。其装置包括约束流道底座3（即待加工工件）、盖板1、约束模块2、超声波发生器及其换能装置。Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, in order to realize ultrasonic excitation in the soft abrasive flow, the present invention designs a corresponding loading device. The device includes a constrained flow channel base 3 (that is, the workpiece to be processed), a cover plate 1, a constrained module 2, an ultrasonic generator and its energy conversion device.

磨粒流经过调速后的液压泵后从圆形入口4流入经湍流发生器5后进入约束流道6在约束流道中对工件进行精密加工，从圆形出口7处流出返回磨粒流回收装置。After passing through the speed-adjusted hydraulic pump, the abrasive particle flow flows from the circular inlet 4 to the turbulent flow generator 5 and then enters the restricted flow channel 6. The workpiece is precisely processed in the restricted flow channel, and flows out from the circular outlet 7 to return to the abrasive flow recovery. device.

在磨粒流流经约束流道6时，超声波激振通过约束模块2加载在软性磨粒流上。约束模块2由周边的辅助部分和中间的振动部分组成，它们由软固结组织9相连。中间的振动部件8上部可伸出顶盖1中间的洞口部分与外部的超声波发生器相连。When the abrasive grain flow flows through the restricted flow channel 6 , the ultrasonic excitation is loaded on the soft abrasive grain flow through the restraint module 2 . Constraint module 2 is composed of peripheral auxiliary part and middle vibrating part, which are connected by soft consolidation tissue 9 . The upper part of the vibrating part 8 in the middle can extend out of the hole part in the middle of the top cover 1 to be connected with the external ultrasonic generator.

约束模块中间振动部分可根据不同的流道，在不同的位置设计加载几个振子。同时也可以根据不同的磨粒流，不同的需要加载不同频率的超声振动，以达到最好的加工效果。The vibrating part in the middle of the constraint module can be designed to load several vibrators at different positions according to different flow channels. At the same time, ultrasonic vibrations of different frequencies can also be loaded according to different abrasive particle flows and different needs, so as to achieve the best processing effect.

本说明书实施例所述内容仅仅是对发明构思所实现形式的部分列举，本发明的保护范围不应当仅局限于实施例所陈述的具体形式，本发明的保护范围及于本领域技术人员根据本发明的技术构思所能想到的等同技术手段。The content described in the embodiments of this specification is only a partial enumeration of the realized forms of the inventive concept, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments. The equivalent technical means conceivable by the technical concept of the invention.

Claims

1. soft abrasive fluid processing method that loads ultrasonic wave excitation, the soft abrasive fluid processing unit (plant) comprises constraint runner base and constraints module, described constraints module is positioned at the top of described constraint runner base, be formed for the constraint runner that the confession soft abrasive flows through between described constraints module and the described constraint runner base, the import of described constraint runner links to each other with the hydraulic pressure delivery side of pump, it is characterized in that: on the described constraints module vibrating mass is installed, described vibrating mass is connected with supersonic generator, vibrating sensor in order to the monitoring vibration signal value is installed on the described constraints module, at the entrance and exit place of constraint runner difference setting pressure sensor, flowmeter is installed in the exit; Described processing method process is as follows: the vibration signal of Real-Time Monitoring, pressure signal and flow signal, with the fluid governing equation under the signal input cartesian coordinate system that gathers:

Continuity equation:

\frac{&PartialD; ρ}{&PartialD; t} + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} (ρ u_{j}) = 0 - - - (1)

The equation of momentum:

\frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; t} (ρ u_{i}) + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} (ρ u_{j} u_{i}) = - \frac{&PartialD; p}{&PartialD; x_{i}} + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} [μ (\frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{i}} + \frac{&PartialD; u_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{j}})] - \frac{2}{3} \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{i}} (μ \frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{j}}) + ρ g_{i} - - - (2)

In the k-ε model, the transport equation of k and ε is as follows:

\frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; t} (ρk) + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} (ρ {\overset{&OverBar;}{u}}_{j} k) = \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} [(μ + \frac{μ_{t}}{σ_{k}}) \frac{&PartialD; k}{&PartialD; x_{j}}] + μ_{t} (\frac{&PartialD; {\overset{&OverBar;}{u}}_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{k}} + \frac{&PartialD; {\overset{&OverBar;}{u}}_{k}}{&PartialD; x_{i}}) \frac{&PartialD; {\overset{&OverBar;}{u}}_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{k}} - ρϵ - - - (3)

\frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; t} (ρϵ) + \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} (ρ {\overset{&OverBar;}{u}}_{j} ϵ) = \frac{&PartialD;}{&PartialD; x_{j}} [(μ + \frac{μ_{t}}{σ_{ϵ}}) \frac{&PartialD; ϵ}{&PartialD; x_{j}}] + C_{1} ρEϵ - C_{2} ρ \frac{ϵ^{2}}{k + \sqrt{νϵ}} - - - (4)

The partial parameters empirical value is: C ₂=1.9;

σ _k=1.0, σ _ε=1.2;

η = {(2 E_{ij} \cdot E_{ij})}^{1 / 2} \frac{k}{ϵ};

E = \frac{1}{2} (\frac{&PartialD; u_{i}}{&PartialD; x_{j}} + \frac{&PartialD; u_{j}}{&PartialD; x_{i}});

In the formula, t is the time; ρ is fluid density; x _i, x _jBe the tensor coordinate; u _iBe the component of velocity u at three change in coordinate axis direction; μ _tBe coefficient of eddy viscosity; μ is fluid dynamic viscosity; E is strain rate; σ _k, σ _εBe respectively tubulence energy and Prandtl number corresponding to tubulence energy dissipative shock wave; Control in real time the fluidised form of soft abrasive fluid by the input speed of control pump and the frequency of supersonic generator, thereby control whole polishing process.

2. device of realizing the soft abrasive fluid processing method of loading ultrasonic wave excitation claimed in claim 1, comprise constraint runner base and constraints module, described constraints module is positioned at the top of described constraint runner base, be formed for the constraint runner that the confession soft abrasive flows through between described constraints module and the described constraint runner base, the import of described constraint runner links to each other with the hydraulic pressure delivery side of pump, it is characterized in that: on the described constraints module vibrating mass is installed, described vibrating mass is connected with supersonic generator, vibrating sensor in order to the monitoring vibration signal value is installed on the described constraints module, at the entrance and exit place of constraint runner difference setting pressure sensor, flowmeter is installed in the exit; Described device also comprises in order to vibration signal, pressure signal and flow signal input fluid governing equation with Real-Time Monitoring, input speed by control pump and the frequency of supersonic generator are controlled the polishing controller of the fluidised form of soft abrasive fluid in real time, and described vibrating sensor, pressure sensor and flowmeter are connected with described polishing controller and are connected.

3. device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: top cover is installed in described constraints module top, and described top cover is fixedly connected with described constraint runner base.

4. such as claim 3 or 4 described devices, it is characterized in that: described vibrating mass is vibrating head, and described vibrating head is positioned at the middle part of constraints module, and described vibrating head and constraints module are by soft fixed tissue-welding.