CN102861409A - 一种金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物 - Google Patents
一种金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
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- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公布了一种金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，所述的灭火组合物含有金属含氧酸盐类化合物和阻燃灭火组分，所占的比例分别为：金属含氧酸盐类化合物30％～95％，阻燃灭火组分5％～70％。本发明的灭火组合物是以烟火药剂为热力源和动力源，通过点燃烟火药剂，利用烟火药剂燃烧的高温使该灭火组合物受热发生分解反应，产生出大量的可灭火的物质，该灭火物质随烟火药剂一起从灭火装置的喷口喷出，从而达到灭火的目的。本发明灭火组合物组分构成简单、性能稳定、易于长期贮存且无毒性，对环境友好性能优良。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于气溶胶灭火技术领域，特别是涉及一种金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物。
背景技术
1985年-1987年间世界主要国家就保护臭氧层、淘汰耗损臭氧层物质，先后签署了著名的《维也纳公约》和《蒙特利尔议定书》。在此背景下，欧美发达国家已经禁用对臭氧层有破坏作用的哈龙灭火剂，其它国家也将其归为淘汰物质。我国已在1992年制订了《中国消耗臭氧层物质逐步淘汰的国家方案》，我国消防行业已经于2005年12月31日完成哈龙1211的淘汰任务，从2006年1月1日起全部停止哈龙1301的生产，至2010年底全部停止哈龙使用。因此，寻求不破坏大气臭氧层、灭火效率高、无毒无害的哈龙灭火剂替代品及替代技术，已成为各国近年来研究的热点之一。现在正广泛开展研制的哈龙替代产品主要有三类：卤代烷烃类、惰性气体类和气溶胶类灭火剂。气溶胶灭火剂是一种灭火效率极高，臭氧耗损值ODP为零，无毒无害，无残留，价格低、设备投资少的新型灭火剂，在哈龙淘汰的紧迫背景下，既得到了政府的大力支持，也迎合了市场的需求，因此气溶胶灭火技术成为近十几年来非常引人注目的哈龙替代技术之一。
气溶胶灭火剂由氧化剂、还原剂、燃烧速度控制剂和黏合剂组成，其主要分为S型和K型两类。其灭火机理主要是：1、吸热降温；2、化学抑制；3、窒息；4、隔离，以化学抑制为主；虽然气溶胶灭火剂在灭火效率、贮存状况、工程造价、维护管理、毒性、二次伤害、环保、灭火浓度等方面具有明显优势。但是其氧化还原反应释放出大量气体、活性粒子的同时释放出大量的热给它的使用带来了劣势。为有效降低装置和气溶胶的温度，避免发生二次火灾，需要给灭火装置增加冷却系统。纯粹的物理冷却会导致装置结构复杂笨重，工艺流程复杂，成本高，且由于冷却系统的存在，使大量活性粒子失去活性，导致灭火性能大大降低。另外，现有的气溶胶灭火类产品受冷却性能影响，其喷口温度往往过高，容易对操作人员造成伤害。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的灭火药剂存在的固有缺陷，本发明提供了一种灭火能效高、安全性能好的且利用率较高的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物。
本发明解决技术问题的技术方案是：
一种金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述的灭火组合物含有金属含氧酸盐类化合物和阻燃灭火组分，所占的比例分别为：
金属含氧酸盐类化合物 30％～95％
阻燃灭火组分 5％～70％
所述灭火组合物是以烟火药剂为热力源和动力源，通过点燃烟火药剂，利用烟火药剂燃烧的高温使其受热发生分解反应，产生出大量的可灭火的物质随烟火药剂一起喷出，从而达到灭火的目的。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物还含有添加剂，按质量百分含量计为大于0％至小于等于10％，所述性能添加剂的添加量优选为1％～6％，进一步优选为1.5％～3％。
进一步地，所述添加剂为聚乙烯醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素、缩醛胶、虫胶、淀粉、糊精、环氧树脂、石墨粉、滑石粉、硬脂酸盐中的一种或多种，优选为：羟丙基甲基纤维素、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物中金属含氧酸盐类化合物的质量百分含量为60％～95％。
本发明所述的金属含氧酸盐是指含氧酸根中含有金属元素的一类化合物。
进一步地，所述金属含氧酸盐类化合物为钨酸盐，偏钨酸盐，磷钨酸盐，锰酸盐，亚锰酸盐，钼酸盐，磷钼酸盐，钴酸盐，铬酸盐，锡酸盐，偏铝酸盐，铜酸盐，锑酸盐，钛酸盐，锆酸盐，铁酸盐的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述金属含氧酸盐类化合物为金属酸钾、金属酸钠、金属酸铜、金属酸钙、金属酸锰、金属酸铝、金属酸锌、金属酸镁、金属酸镍、金属酸铁、金属酸铵、金属酸锂、金属酸锶的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述的阻燃组分是无机阻燃剂、卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂或氮系阻燃剂中的一种或多种；其按质量百分含量计为5％～35％。
进一步地，所述灭火组合物的各组分及含量优选为：
金属含氧酸盐类化合物 70％～90％
阻燃灭火组分 5％～25％
添加剂 1％～6％
进一步地，所述灭火组合物的各组分及含量优选为：
金属含氧酸盐类化合物 80％～90％
阻燃灭火组分 5％～15％
添加剂 1％～5％
本发明灭火组合物可采用制丸、模压、挤压等工艺成型为球状、片状、条状、块装或蜂窝状，并且可经过表面包覆处理。进行表面包覆处理时，优选加入羟丙基甲基纤维素。该表面包覆剂可以改善组合物体系的表面光洁度，并提高其强度、耐磨性和抗震性，防止运输过程中灭火组合物发生粉化，掉渣并溢出灭火装置现象的出现。为便于成型加工还可适当添加石墨、滑石粉、硬脂酸盐等。
本发明的灭火组合物是以烟火药剂为热力源和动力源，通过点燃烟火药剂，利用烟火药剂燃烧的高温使该灭火组合物受热发生分解反应，产生出大量的可灭火的物质，该灭火物质随烟火药剂一起从灭火装置的喷口喷出，从而达到灭火的目的。
相对于现有技术，本发明的优点在于：
1)本发明的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物在高温受热情况下，即可迅速发生吸热分解，其吸热能够有效快速降低烟火药剂燃烧释放的热量，大大降低了灭火器喷口及喷放物质的温度，免去了灭火装置复杂的冷却系统，也消除了出现二次火灾的危险性；而且其在受热瞬间释放出大量有效灭火物质，灭火物质以液态或固态微粒为主，通过多种微粒的协同作用，大大缩短了灭火时间；
2)本发明的金属含氧酸盐灭火组合物还可以添加阻燃剂，其通过分解产物的阻燃作用，在降低火源复燃可能性的同时，也进一步提升了灭火剂的灭火效能；
3)本发明的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物易于加工成型，且可单独使用与物理冷却剂配套使用；
4)本发明的金属含氧酸盐灭火组合物性能稳定、易于长期贮存且无毒性，对环境友好性能优良。
具体实施方式
现结合具体的实施例对本发明的灭火组合物进行进一步描述：
采用上述的灭火组合物装入K型热气溶胶灭火装置，同时将市场上销售的S型气溶胶灭火剂或K型气溶胶灭火剂装入同样的灭火装置，具体如下：
实施例1
将制成的钨酸镁、磷酸二氢铵、氯化钾组合物样品50克加入装有50克K型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；实验结果见试验记录表1。
实施例2
将制成的钼酸铵、铬酸锶、三聚氰胺组合物样品50克加入装有50克K型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；实验结果见试验记录表1。
实施例3
将制成的六氟锡酸锂、钨酸镁、三聚氰胺组合物样品50克加入装有50克K型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；实验结果见试验记录表1。
实施例4
将制成的磷钼酸钠、锑酸钠、磷酸二氢铵、三聚氰胺组合物样品50克加入装有50克K型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；实验结果见试验记录表1。
实施例5
将制成的偏钨酸铵、磷酸二氢铵、氯化钾组合物样品50克加入装有50克K型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；实验结果见试验记录表1。
实施例6
将制成的铬酸锶、磷酸二氢铵、氯化钾组合物样品50克加入装有50克K型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；实验结果见试验记录表1。
实施例7
将制成的锑酸钠、偏钨酸铵组合物样品50克加入装有50克K型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；实验结果见试验记录表1。
对比例1
将只装有50gK型热气溶胶灭火剂的灭火装置样品，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；试验测试结果见表1。
对比例2
将只装有50gS型热气溶胶灭火剂的灭火装置样品，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；试验测试结果见表1。
对比例3
将装有磷酸二氢铵，氯化钾组合物样品50克加入50克K型热气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，实施面积为0.25m2油盘的93#汽油灭火试验；实验结果见试验记录表1。
将本发明所涉及的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物量取50g，按照常规制备工艺制备成型后，分别将其加入装有50gK型气溶胶发生剂的灭火装置中，进行8B灭火试验，具体试验模型参见GA86-2009中6.3.2.1的规定进行灭火试验，每组三发，试验交叉进行；对比例中也是分别装有50g常见的S型气溶胶灭火剂、K型气溶胶灭火剂及冷却剂的灭火装置的样品，在相同的条件下进行灭火试验。具体结果见表1。
表1各组分成分比较及实验结果对比
上述表中对比例1-3所使用的S、K型灭火剂均为市售灭火剂。通过表1可以得出，本发明的实施例1-6的金属含氧酸盐类化合物的灭火组合物在油盘火实验中均可灭火，可见其在灭火效率上远远优于对比例1-3的情况，并且喷口均无明火出现。
上述具体实施例仅仅是示例性的，在本发明的上述教导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行各种改进和变形，而这些改进或者变形落在本发明的保护范围内。本领域技术人员应该明白，上面的具体描述只是为了解释本发明的目的，并非用于限制发明。
Claims (9)
1.一种金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述的灭火组合物含有金属含氧酸盐类化合物和阻燃灭火组分，所占的比例分别为：
金属含氧酸盐类化合物 30％～95％
阻燃灭火组分 5％～70％
所述灭火组合物是以烟火药剂为热力源和动力源，通过点燃烟火药剂，利用烟火药剂燃烧的高温使其受热发生分解反应，产生出大量的可灭火的物质随烟火药剂一起喷出，从而达到灭火的目的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物还含有添加剂，按质量百分含量计为大于0％至小于等于10％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述添加剂为聚乙烯醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素、缩醛胶、虫胶、淀粉、糊精、环氧树脂、石墨粉、滑石粉、硬脂酸盐中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物中金属含氧酸盐类化合物的质量百分含量为60％～95％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的金属含氧酸盐酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述金属含氧酸盐类化合物为钨酸盐，偏钨酸盐，磷钨酸盐，锰酸盐，亚锰酸盐，钼酸盐，磷钼酸盐，钴酸盐，铬酸盐，锡酸盐，偏铝酸盐，铜酸盐，锑酸盐，钛酸盐，锆酸盐，铁酸盐的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述金属含氧酸盐类化合物为金属酸钾、金属酸钠、金属酸铜、金属酸钙、金属酸锰、金属酸铝、金属酸锌、金属酸镁、金属酸镍、金属酸铁、金属酸铵、金属 酸锂、金属酸锶的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述的阻燃组分是无机阻燃剂、卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂或氮系阻燃剂中的一种或多种；其按质量百分含量计为5％～35％。
8.根据权利要求7所述的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物的各组分及含量为：
金属含氧酸盐类化合物 70％～90％
阻燃灭火组分 5％～25％
添加剂 1％～6％。
9.根据权利要求8所述的金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物，其特征在于：所述灭火组合物的各组分及含量为：
金属含氧酸盐类化合物 80％～90％
阻燃灭火组分 5％～15％
添加剂 1％～6％ 。
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| CN102179026A (zh) * | 2010-09-16 | 2011-09-14 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | 通过高温分解产生灭火物质的灭火组合物 |
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| CN100435891C (zh) * | 2007-07-10 | 2008-11-26 | 陕西坚瑞化工有限责任公司 | 适用于强电类电器设备的气溶胶灭火组合物 |
| CN101239227A (zh) * | 2008-03-12 | 2008-08-13 | 昆明泰康集团有限公司 | 磷酸铵盐冷气溶胶多功能灭火剂及其制备方法 |
| CN102614617B (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2014-10-29 | 中国农业大学 | 一种超细磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂及其制备方法 |
| CN102861409B (zh) * | 2012-09-27 | 2015-12-09 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2014048272A1 (zh) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-03 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种金属含氧酸盐类灭火组合物 |
| WO2015104007A3 (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-08-27 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种含有醇酚类化合物及其衍生物的灭火组合物 |
| GB2537079A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-10-05 | Xi'an J&R Fire Fighting Equipment Co Ltd | Fire extinguishing composition comprising alcohol phenol compound and derivative thereof |
| US9974992B2 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2018-05-22 | Xi'an Westpeace Fire Technology Co., Ltd. | Fire extinguishing composition comprising carboxylic acid derivative |
| US10035033B2 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2018-07-31 | Xi'an Westpeace Fire Technology Co., Ltd. | Fire extinguishing composition comprising alcohol phenol compound and derivative thereof |
| US10092786B2 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2018-10-09 | Xi'an Westpeace Fire Technology Co., Ltd. | Fire extinguishing composition comprising aldoketones compound |
| CN105288925A (zh) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-02-03 | 西安坚瑞安全应急设备有限责任公司 | 一种灭火组合物 |
| WO2017092658A1 (zh) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-08 | 西安威西特消防科技有限责任公司 | 一种灭火组合物 |
| CN111202937A (zh) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-29 | 郑州市中岳消防器材有限公司 | 一种干粉灭火器及其制备方法 |
| CN112920815A (zh) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-08 | 南京理工大学 | 一种抑制锆粉燃烧爆炸的粉体阻燃抑爆剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2015003907A (es) | 2015-08-05 |
| MY171779A (en) | 2019-10-29 |
| US9662523B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 |
| WO2014048272A1 (zh) | 2014-04-03 |
| EP2902077A4 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
| US20150251036A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
| EP2902077A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| MX371314B (es) | 2020-01-24 |
| EP2902077B1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
| CN102861409B (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
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