CN102845230B - A kind of straw mushroom cultivation method that can promote the differentiation of straw mushroom primordia - Google Patents
A kind of straw mushroom cultivation method that can promote the differentiation of straw mushroom primordia Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种促进草菇原基分化的草菇栽培方法，特别是涉及一种草菇培养技术。包括：（1）浸泡原料；（2）培养料建堆并自然堆沤发酵；（3）经搅拌后的每百公斤湿重的培养料中加入110-120g的柠檬酸钠（经过预试验得出结果），使培养料的最终含水量为65%~68%；（4）将发酵好的培养料搬上床架，用薄膜覆盖；（5）将培养料进行二次发酵，进行巴氏消毒；（6）接种；（7）栽培管理；（8）采收。本发明使用方法简单，具有促进原基分化，使草菇原基的数量增加，增加有效子实体个数，单位面积的产量提高31.05%，污染率降低，生物学效率高等优点，非常适合草菇生产使用，便于实际推广应用。
The invention relates to a straw mushroom cultivation method for promoting the differentiation of straw mushroom primordia, in particular to a straw mushroom cultivation technique. Including: (1) Soaking raw materials; (2) Heaping of compost and natural stacking and retting fermentation; (3) Adding 110-120g of sodium citrate (obtained through pre-test) results), so that the final moisture content of the compost is 65%~68%; (4) Put the fermented compost on the bed frame and cover it with a film; (5) Carry out secondary fermentation and pasteurization of the compost (6) Inoculation; (7) Cultivation management; (8) Harvesting. The method of the invention is simple, has the advantages of promoting the differentiation of primordia, increasing the number of primordia of straw mushrooms, increasing the number of effective fruiting bodies, increasing the yield per unit area by 31.05%, reducing the pollution rate, and high biological efficiency. It is very suitable for straw mushrooms. Production and use are convenient for practical promotion and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivating method for edible fungi field, particularly relate to a kind of straw mushroom culture technique.
Background technology
Straw mushroom belongs to Basidiomycetes, Holobasidiomycetidae, Agaricales, the mushroom section of binding foot, Volvariella.Straw mushroom is former is the saprophytic fungus of Perenniporia martius areas of high temperature and rainfall.According to professor Zhang Shuting of Hong Kong Chinese University, investigate, straw mushroom is cultivated the earliest in China, after by overseas Chinese, culture technique is reached to the ground such as Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippine, Thailand, Singapore, India, Indonesia, after pass to again African Nigeria and Madagascar.In recent years, some American-European countries also start cultivation.It is existing that oneself develops into a kind of global edible mushroom.Straw mushroom is a kind of best-selling product on international mushroom class market, and in all edible mushrooms, output occupies the 6th.China is the main exit country on the first straw mushroom market, the big country ，Ye Shi world that straw mushroom produces in the world.In the past, what cultivating straw mushroom was more is the southern provinces and regions such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan; Oneself develops into the provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi in recent years.Straw mushroom (
volvariellaVolvacea) mushroom meat tender and crisp, delicious flavour, nutritious, be the edible mushroom that south China is generally cultivated.According to analysis, fresh straw mushroom water content 92.39%, protein 2.66%, crude fat 2.26%, reducing sugar 1.66%, invert sugar 0.95%, ash content 0.91%.The protein content of straw mushroom is 3～6 times of vegetables.Its nutriture value is costly between meat and vegetables, has " meat or fish in element " laudatory title.The fat that straw mushroom contains, lower than meat, meets high protein, low-fat modern nutriology requirement.In the protein of straw mushroom forms, the amino acid of various needed by human not only composition is complete, and content is high, and essential amino acids content accounts for 38.2% of total amino acid content.In addition, straw mushroom contains multivitamin, and especially the content of Vc is the highest.In the fresh mushroom of every 100g, contain Vc up to 206.28mg, surpass various vegetables and fruit.Fresh straw mushroom quality is fresh and tender, and its taste is very beautiful, and cooking Baoshang, can be rated as good merchantable brand.Just because of this, the dried product that the straw mushroom of take is Raw material processing, fragrance is stronger.Can make the goods such as can, straw mushroom soy sauce, straw mushroom Yoghourt, straw mushroom wine, straw mushroom preserved fruit, differ from one another, by being welcome domestic and international market.Straw mushroom is cool in nature, and taste is sweet, micro-salty, nontoxic, invigorates the spleen and benefits qi, clearing away summerheat, Vitamin C disease, improves the effects such as immunity, accelerated in wounds and wound healing.It also has the cholesterol of reduction and anticancer, detoxication, can make lead, arsenic, benzene etc. and vitamin-combination form Vitamin C unit, with urine, excretes.Also can stop the formation of nitrite in body.Straw mushroom also contains the active substance that suppresses and kill cancer cell, the growth that the nitrogenous extract of straw mushroom and purine base also can inhibition cancer cells.So straw mushroom has higher nutritive value and good health care.Carrying out in the edible mushroom of commercial cultivation, straw mushroom is to carry out one of tame edible mushroom scorching summer, and is the shortest edible mushroom of artificial cultivation cycle.Be edible mushroom supply dull season summer, and straw mushroom becomes one of edible fungus variety with fastest developing speed in summer.
Since 1994, fresh straw mushroom selling price is at home about 14～20 yuan/kg.In recent years, along with people are to the continuous intensification of straw mushroom understanding and the further raising of living standard, make the demand of straw mushroom on market increasing.Although it is short that cultivating straw mushroom has the cycle, the advantages such as culturing raw material wide material sources, its output and biology conversion ratio are lower.By researching and analysing, how to improve the former base differentiation rate of straw mushroom, and then increase the former radix amount of straw mushroom, be also a breach of improving straw mushroom output.
Sodium citrate is applied in food fresh keeping more, and as bread, meat, fish etc., there is not yet report has the research that promotes the former base differentiation of straw mushroom.
Summary of the invention
technical problem
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Volvaria volvacea cultivation method that promotes the former base differentiation of straw mushroom.And based on this, provide a kind of new Volvaria volvacea cultivation technology.
technical scheme
A Volvaria volvacea cultivation method that promotes the former base differentiation of straw mushroom, comprising:
(1) soak raw material
With limewash soaking fermentation raw material, trample on trickle limit, limit, until raw material soaks into;
(2) composts or fertilisers of cultivating primary fermentation
Fermentation raw material after above-mentioned soaking into is picked up and builds heap, with film, cover, be beneficial to heat and moisture preserving, at stockpile, middle and surrounding punching, is beneficial to ventilation, natural pile fermentation 2 days;
(3) adding citric acid sodium
The sodium citrate that adds 110-120g in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of every hundred kilograms of weight in wet bases after stirring, is sprayed on composts or fertilisers of cultivating after sodium citrate is dissolved in water, and the final water content that makes composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 65% ~ 68%;
(4) composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters room
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating after step (3) is processed is brought up to bedstead, and the thickness of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is 10～12cm, with film, covers about 10h, and composts or fertilisers of cultivating is heated up naturally;
(5) composts or fertilisers of cultivating after fermentation
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating after step (4) film is covered carries out secondary fermentation, at 60～65 ℃, keeps 5～6h, carries out pasteurization, then aeration-coolingly at 50 ℃, keeps 5～6h;
(6) sowing
When material temperature is down to 38 ℃, rob and broadcast straw mushroom bacterial classification V23, under open environment, bacterial classification is sprinkling upon above above-mentioned composts or fertilisers of cultivating uniformly;
(7) cultivation management
MC makes material temperature remain on 32-34 ℃, and relative moisture is 80-85%, enters the fruiting phase, makes material temperature remain on 30-32 ℃, and relative moisture is 90-95%;
(8) gather
Within after planting 9th～11 days, enter picking time; In order to improve the commodity value of straw mushroom product, should gather in the mushroom straw mushroom egg type phase.
Raw material in described step (1) is selected fresh, and without the mouldy and rotten material of nothing, 3-4 days was exposed to the sun before using; Limewash is that mass percent is 1% limewash.In described step (6), the bacterial classification of sowing is straw mushroom bacterial strain V23.
beneficial effect
(1) method of the present invention is simple, and cost is low, is convenient to actual applying;
(2) method of the present invention has the formation that promotes the former base of straw mushroom, the quantity of the former base of straw mushroom is increased, and then increase the advantage of effective fruit body number, and the output of unit are improves 31.05%, and pollution rate reduces, and biological efficiency is high.
The Volvaria volvacea cultivation method of the former base differentiation of promotion of the present invention straw mushroom is that every 100Kg adds 110-120 g sodium citrate after spontaneous fermentation, before pasteurization, has solved the problem that how to improve former base differentiation.With the inventive method cultivating straw mushroom, can promote a large amount of generations of the former base of straw mushroom, increase effective commodity fruit body number, cultivating rate and biology transformation efficiency have been improved, for sick worm living contaminants, also there is corresponding solution, cultivation process is not added complicated work program, and this drug price is cheap, be applicable to very much cultivating straw mushroom and use, income is very high.
Spray sodium citrate acid sodium solution and compare with the contrast (CK) that does not spray sodium citrate solution, per kilogram composts or fertilisers of cultivating (weight in wet base) volume increase straw mushroom 13.49g, on average increasing income is 0.32 yuan.According to water content, be 68% calculating, 320g (siccative) increases income 0.32 yuan.3000 jin of siccatives of mushroom room materials calculate, and mushroom room net increase output is taken in 1400 yuan.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment are only not used in and limit the scope of the invention for the present invention is described.In addition should be understood that after having read content disclosed by the invention, those skilled in the art can make conventional various changes or modification to the present invention, and these equivalent form of values fall into the application's appended claims limited range equally.
embodiment 1
(1) preparation of cultivation fermentation raw material
Cultivation fermentation raw material is the straw+10 part wheat bran of waste cotton+40 part of 50 parts.Should select fresh, without mouldy, without rotten raw material.Straw is cut into the segment that is less than 5cm, 3-4 days was exposed to the sun before using.
(2) weighing
Above-mentioned weight percent according to cultivation fermentation raw material carries out weighing, then culturing raw material is mixed, and is placed in the great Chi of spice.
(3) soak raw material
With limewash, soak waste cotton and straw, trample on trickle limit, limit, until all raw material soaks into.With pH test paper, measure the pH value of composts or fertilisers of cultivating, with 8.5-9, be advisable, control water content 65～68%.Limewash is that mass percent is 1% limewash.
(4) composts or fertilisers of cultivating primary fermentation
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating after soaking into is picked up, build heap, place earthworm, by composts or fertilisers of cultivating heap in the above.With film, cover, when temperature rises to 60-62 ℃ of left and right, carry out turning.
(5) adding citric acid sodium
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating weight in wet base is 100Kg, gets sodium citrate 116g, and the sodium citrate weighing up is put in water, after stirring allows it fully dissolve, is sprayed on composts or fertilisers of cultivating, finally makes composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content be controlled at 65～68%.
(6) composts or fertilisers of cultivating enters room
The composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermenting is moved into while hot to the mushroom room having disinfected, be laid on bedstead, first spread one deck woven bag during stone, general layer thickness is 10cm～12cm left and right, and plastic film covers 10-12h for it is heated up naturally.
(7) composts or fertilisers of cultivating after fermentation
After composts or fertilisers of cultivating is completed, carry out secondary fermentation, close the doors and windows, mushroom room heats with honeycomb briquette, carry out pasteurization, when composts or fertilisers of cultivating temperature reaches 63-65 ℃ of left and right in mushroom room by the time, keep 5～6h, after sterilization finishes, door and window is opened, and open charge level film and ventilate, scavenge and lower the temperature, drop to 50 ℃ and keep 5～6h.
(8) sowing
After secondary fermentation, open the plastic film covering at charge level, open door and window and ventilate, wait mushroom room temperature to drop to 35 ℃ of-36 left and right, when 38 ℃ of bacterium bed material temperatures under open environment by straw mushroom (
volvariella volvacea) bacterial strain V23(is public, is purchased from academy of agricultural sciences, Shanghai City DSMZ of edible mushroom research institute, list of references:
research-< < edible mushroom > > 04 phase in 2009 of straw mushroom basidiospore germination condition)broadcast sowing equably the surface of bacterium bed composts or fertilisers of cultivating, after planting cover plastic film, in order to cultivating healthy and strong mycelia, note controlling temperature in material, take off film every day and ventilate 1～2 time.When mycelia is covered with composts or fertilisers of cultivating, take film off.
(9) cultivation management
During after planting covering with composts or fertilisers of cultivating to mycelia, it is bacteria developing period.This stage management emphasis is mainly the temp. and humidity of controlling mushroom room, obtain high yield, must keep a close eye on material temperature, temperature, the water content of composts or fertilisers of cultivating and the space humidity in mushroom room.The strict material temperature of controlling remains on 32～34 ℃, and indoor air humidity remains on 80～85%.Will take off film every day and ventilate 2 times, each 30min, promotes the growth of mycelia, after planting within the 3rd day, throw off film, ventilation 30min, after charge level is dryer and comfortableer, carries out a moisturizing; After planting the 5th day spray fruiting water, then shutting door and window rises again, make the temperature in mushroom room be increased to 33～35 ℃, material temperature is controlled at 30～33 ℃ of water sprays and suitably ventilates afterwards, and mushroom room relative air humidity is controlled at 90～95%, suitably moisturizing, under composts or fertilisers of cultivating, there is water to ooze out for degree, the ventilation of mushroom room, avoids and allows wind directly blow bed surface, and mushroom room keeps certain scattered beam.
(10) gather and adopt rear management
Under normal cultivation condition, within after planting 9th～11 days, enter picking time.In order to improve the commodity value of straw mushroom product, should grow up to avette, the after birth egg type phase before broken at mushroom body and gather.Generally should be early, respectively gather 1 time evening, a damp mushroom can be gathered 3～5 days.
The in the situation that, cultivation managements consistent in seeding quantity etc. being identical, process spray sodium citrate, the result that sodium citrate is not sprayed in contrast shows that ，Yi Ge community is area 0.77m
2, use composts or fertilisers of cultivating 35Kg, add sodium citrate solution community to compare with control plot, (take wherein be once example, in Table 1).Compared with the control, the average former base number in community increases by 124 to result of the test Graphics Processing, and output increases 472g.
According to market price, be 24 yuan/Kg, produce next mushroom canopy and increase income 1500 yuan.One bottle of sodium citrate price is 10 yuan.A mushroom room is once used 10 bottles, from dropping into, compares with output, and profit is considerable, and it is 1400 yuan that a mushroom canopy has a net increase of income.
Input and the output ratio of two kinds of processing of table 1.
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| CN105325174A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 苏州市经纬农产品有限公司 | Cultivation method of straw mushrooms |
| CN106588277A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 凤台县兰韵食用菌专业合作社 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of straw mushrooms |
| CN106613332A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-10 | 凤台县兰韵食用菌专业合作社 | Straw mushroom cultivating method with high conversion rate |
| CN106576899A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-04-26 | 凤台县兰韵食用菌专业合作社 | Cultivation method capable of facilitating straw mushroom primordium differentiation |
| CN107926481B (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2020-09-11 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Pure straw cultivation method for straw mushrooms |
| CN109275495A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2019-01-29 | 陕西蓝米信息技术有限公司 | A method of improving straw mushroom cultivating rate |
| CN110981569A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Tunnel fermentation method of straw mushroom compost |
| CN111328632B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-07-27 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of fermentation method of straw mushroom culture material |
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