CN102843555A - Intra-frame prediction method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intra-frame prediction method and an intra-frame prediction system. The method comprises the following steps: dividing pixels of a current block into the pixels to be encoded preferentially and the pixels to be predicted to perform bidirectional prediction to obtain a bidirectional predicted value; furthermore, performing a unidirectional prediction on the current block to obtain a unidirectional predicted value; and performing weighted summation on the bidirectional predicted value and the unidirectional predicted value to obtain the final predicted value of the current block. The intra-frame prediction technology of the invention can well combine texture information of a video image, improves the intra-frame prediction precision of the video image and reduces the residual by utilizing the characteristics of the video image, so as to improve the efficiency of video coding compression.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an intra prediction method and system.
Background
The current advanced video coding standard includes an intra-frame prediction function, and uses pixels of adjacent blocks to predict a current block so as to better eliminate spatial redundancy in a single-frame image, so that only a residual between a prediction block and the current block needs to be coded. When a macroblock is coded in intra mode, a prediction block is constructed using blocks that have been previously coded and reconstructed. For the luma component, a prediction block may be created for each block or macroblock. For example, in the h.264 coding standard, there are 9 optional modes for 4 × 4 luma blocks, and 4 optional modes for 16 × 16 luma blocks.
In the h.264 standard, sample points (a-p) in the current 4 × 4 luma block are predicted using some or all of the 13 sample points (a-L and Q) that have been decoded in the neighboring blocks (as shown in fig. 1). The most effective one of the 9 prediction modes is selected as the best prediction mode for the block. The 9 prediction modes include: DC prediction for mode 2 and 8 unidirectional predictions (as shown in fig. 2). These unidirectional prediction modes can predict well directional textures.
All reference sample points used in the prediction are from the region that has already been encoded (above or to the left, as shown in fig. 3), while sample points in regions below or to the right that have not been encoded do not participate in the prediction. The above-mentioned unidirectional prediction mode results in that the sample points in the same direction are assigned with the same predicted value; however, in a video frame, the luminance value of one sample point is usually different from that of the neighboring point, which will seriously affect the intra prediction accuracy of the video image.
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an objective of the claimed invention to provide an intra prediction method and system for improving intra prediction accuracy of video images.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method of intra prediction, the method comprising:
dividing pixels of a current block into priority coding pixels and prediction pixels, and performing bidirectional prediction according to the priority coding pixels and the prediction pixels to obtain bidirectional prediction values; and, carrying out unidirectional prediction on the current block to obtain a unidirectional prediction value;
and weighting and summing the bidirectional predicted value and the unidirectional predicted value to obtain a final predicted value of the current block.
The process of performing bi-directional prediction includes:
performing predictive coding on the priority coding pixel and obtaining a reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel; and predicting the predicted pixel in the current block by combining the reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel and the reconstruction value of the adjacent pixel of the current block to obtain the bidirectional predicted value of the current block.
The method further comprises the following steps:
dividing the prediction pixels into forward prediction pixels and bi-directional prediction pixels;
wherein the forward predicted pixels are reconstructed using only neighboring pixels for uni-directional prediction, and the bi-directional predicted pixels are reconstructed using the forward predicted pixel prediction values and the priority encoded pixels for bi-directional prediction.
The process of weighting and summing the bidirectional predicted value and the unidirectional predicted value to obtain the final predicted value of the current block comprises the following steps:
and weighting and adding the bidirectional predicted value and the unidirectional predicted value according to different weights to obtain the best weighting coefficient of the predicted value, and obtaining the corresponding current block predicted value as the final predicted value of the current block.
The method further comprises the following steps:
calculating the residual error of the original pixel value and the final predicted value of the current block, and then coding;
after that, the encoding of the next block is started until all the blocks in the current coding unit are processed.
The method further comprises the following steps:
and at a decoding end, performing bidirectional prediction and/or unidirectional prediction on the block in the coding unit to obtain a corresponding bidirectional prediction value and/or unidirectional prediction value, and calculating a final prediction value of the current block according to the bidirectional prediction value and/or unidirectional prediction value to obtain a reconstruction value of the current block.
At the decoding end, when performing bi-directional prediction and uni-directional prediction on a block in an encoding unit, the process of calculating a final prediction value of the current block to obtain a reconstructed value of the current block includes:
weighting and adding the obtained bidirectional predicted value and the obtained unidirectional predicted value according to a weighting coefficient to obtain a final predicted value of the current block; and adding the prediction residual obtained by decoding and the final prediction value to obtain a reconstruction value of the current block.
An intra-frame prediction system comprises a final prediction unit, and a bidirectional prediction unit and a unidirectional prediction unit which are connected with the final prediction unit; wherein,
the bidirectional prediction unit is used for dividing pixels of the current block into priority coding pixels and prediction pixels, and performing bidirectional prediction according to the priority coding pixels and the prediction pixels to obtain bidirectional prediction values;
the unidirectional prediction unit is used for performing unidirectional prediction on the current block to obtain a unidirectional prediction value;
and the final prediction unit is used for weighting and summing the bidirectional prediction value and the unidirectional prediction value to obtain a final prediction value of the current block.
When the bidirectional prediction unit performs bidirectional prediction, the bidirectional prediction unit is configured to:
performing predictive coding on the priority coding pixel and obtaining a reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel; and predicting the predicted pixel in the current block by combining the reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel and the reconstruction value of the adjacent pixel of the current block to obtain the bidirectional predicted value of the current block.
The bi-directional prediction unit is further to:
dividing the prediction pixels into forward prediction pixels and bi-directional prediction pixels;
wherein the forward predicted pixels are reconstructed using only neighboring pixels for uni-directional prediction, and the bi-directional predicted pixels are reconstructed using the forward predicted pixel prediction values and the priority encoded pixels for bi-directional prediction.
And the final prediction unit is used for weighting and summing the bidirectional prediction value and the unidirectional prediction value to obtain a final prediction value of the current block:
and weighting and adding the bidirectional predicted value and the unidirectional predicted value according to different weights to obtain the best weighting coefficient of the predicted value, and obtaining the corresponding current block predicted value as the final predicted value of the current block.
The final prediction unit is further to:
calculating the residual error of the original pixel value and the final predicted value of the current block, and then coding;
after that, the bidirectional prediction unit and the unidirectional prediction unit are triggered to code the next block until all the blocks in the current coding unit are processed.
The bi-directional prediction unit and/or the uni-directional prediction unit is further configured to: performing corresponding bidirectional prediction and/or unidirectional prediction on a block in a coding unit at a decoding end to obtain a corresponding bidirectional prediction value and/or unidirectional prediction value;
the final prediction unit is further to: and at a decoding end, calculating the final predicted value of the current block according to the bidirectional predicted value and/or the unidirectional predicted value to obtain a reconstruction value of the current block.
At a decoding end, when performing bidirectional prediction and unidirectional prediction on a block in an encoding unit, and a final prediction unit calculates a final prediction value of a current block to obtain a reconstructed value of the current block, the final prediction unit is configured to:
weighting and adding the obtained bidirectional predicted value and the obtained unidirectional predicted value according to a weighting coefficient to obtain a final predicted value of the current block; and adding the prediction residual obtained by decoding and the final prediction value to obtain a reconstruction value of the current block.
The intra-frame prediction technology of the invention utilizes the characteristics of the video image, can well combine the texture information of the image, improves the intra-frame prediction precision of the video image, reduces the residual error, and thus improves the efficiency of video coding compression.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of 4 × 4 block prediction sample points;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating 8 prediction directions for 4 × 4 block prediction;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the relationship of adjacent blocks A, B, C;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating intra prediction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of current block prediction a;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram b of current block prediction;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating intra prediction according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simplified intra prediction process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of an intra prediction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In practical applications, bi-directional prediction (forward and backward) usually has better results than uni-directional prediction because one sample point is very close to the median of its neighboring surrounding sample points. Based on this situation, a flow as shown in fig. 4 may be performed, which includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: sequentially coding the blocks in the current coding unit according to the block division sequence of the coding unit;
the second step is that: the pixels of the current block are divided into two categories: one is a priority encoded pixel, denoted as D; the other is a predicted pixel, denoted as P;
the third step: carrying out predictive coding on the priority coding pixel D and obtaining a reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel D;
in particular, the predictive coding may use the neighboring pixel reconstruction values of the current block for prediction (e.g., the mean of neighboring pixels) and then encode the prediction residual.
The fourth step: predicting the prediction pixel P in the current block by combining the reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel D and the reconstruction value of the adjacent pixel of the current block, so as to obtain a bidirectional prediction value Pb of the current block, as shown in FIG. 5;
in particular, the prediction pixel P may also be continuously divided into a forward prediction pixel F and a bi-directional prediction pixel B. The forward prediction pixel F is reconstructed by using only the neighboring pixels for uni-directional prediction, and the bi-directional prediction pixel B can be reconstructed by using the forward prediction pixel F prediction value and the priority coding pixel D for bi-directional prediction, as shown in fig. 6.
The fifth step: performing unidirectional prediction on the current block by using the adjacent pixel reconstruction value of the current block to obtain the optimal prediction direction of the current block and a corresponding unidirectional prediction value Pd;
and a sixth step: weighting and adding the obtained bidirectional predicted value Pb and the obtained unidirectional predicted value Pd according to different weights to obtain a best weighting coefficient W of the predicted values, and obtaining a current block predicted value corresponding to the weighting coefficient W as a final predicted value Pf of the current block;
the weighting factor W may be expressed by several bits, such as 2 bits, 4 bits, and 8 bits.
The seventh step: and calculating the residual error of the original pixel value and the final predicted value Pf of the current block, and then encoding the residual error.
After that, it returns to the first step to start encoding the next block until all the blocks in the current coding unit are processed.
The above flow relates to operations performed at the encoding end, and can well combine texture information of an image, improve intra-frame prediction accuracy of a video image, and reduce residual errors, thereby improving efficiency of video encoding compression.
At the decoding end corresponding to the above-described encoding end operation, a flow as shown in fig. 7 may be performed, the flow including the steps of:
the first step is as follows: decoding the blocks in the coding unit in sequence according to the block division sequence of the coding unit;
the second step is that: decoding to obtain the intra-frame prediction weighting coefficient W of the current block, and if the weighting coefficient W only uses unidirectional prediction, directly entering the seventh step;
the third step: the pixels of the current block are divided into two categories: one is a priority encoded pixel, denoted as D; the other is a predicted pixel, denoted as P;
the fourth step: carrying out predictive decoding on the priority coding pixel D to obtain a reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel D;
it should be noted that the predictive decoding must use the same prediction method as the encoding side, for example, use the average value of the adjacent pixels of the current block to perform prediction; and then, decoding the prediction residual errors in the code stream, and adding to obtain a reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel D.
The fifth step: predicting a prediction pixel P in the current block by combining the obtained reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel D and the reconstruction value of the adjacent pixel of the current block to obtain a prediction value Pb of the current block;
it should be noted that the prediction pixel P can be further divided into a forward prediction pixel F and a bidirectional prediction pixel B. The forward prediction pixel F is reconstructed by using only the adjacent pixels for unidirectional prediction, and the bidirectional prediction pixel B can be reconstructed by using the forward prediction pixel F prediction value and the priority coding pixel D for bidirectional prediction.
And a sixth step: if the weighting coefficient W indicates that unidirectional prediction is not used, taking Pb as a final prediction value Pf of the current block, and directly entering the ninth step; otherwise, entering the seventh step.
The seventh step: decoding to obtain the optimal unidirectional prediction mode of the current block, and performing unidirectional prediction on the current block by using the adjacent pixel reconstruction value of the current block to obtain the unidirectional prediction value Pd of the current block. If the weighting coefficient W only uses unidirectional prediction, taking Pd as a final prediction value Pf, and directly entering the ninth step, otherwise, entering the eighth step;
eighth step: weighting and adding the obtained bidirectional predicted value Pb and the obtained unidirectional predicted value Pd according to the weighting coefficient W to obtain a final predicted value Pf of the current block;
the ninth step: and adding the prediction residual obtained by decoding and the final prediction value Pf obtained by calculation to obtain the reconstruction value of the current block.
After that, it returns to the first step to start decoding the next block until all the blocks in the current coding unit are processed.
As can be seen from the above description, the operation concept of intra prediction according to the present invention can be represented by a flow shown in fig. 8, which includes the following steps:
step 810: dividing pixels of a current block into priority coding pixels and prediction pixels, and performing bidirectional prediction according to the priority coding pixels and the prediction pixels to obtain bidirectional prediction values; and, performing unidirectional prediction on the current block to obtain a unidirectional prediction value.
Step 820: and weighting and summing the bidirectional predicted value and the unidirectional predicted value to obtain a final predicted value of the current block.
In order to ensure that the technical description and the operation idea can be smoothly realized, the arrangement shown in fig. 9 can be performed. Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a diagram of an intra prediction system according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes a final prediction unit, and a bi-directional prediction unit and a uni-directional prediction unit connected thereto.
In practical application, the bidirectional prediction unit can divide the pixels of the current block into priority coding pixels and prediction pixels, and accordingly bidirectional prediction is carried out to obtain bidirectional prediction values; the unidirectional prediction unit can perform unidirectional prediction on the current block to obtain a unidirectional prediction value. And the final prediction unit can perform weighted summation on the bidirectional prediction value and the unidirectional prediction value to obtain a final prediction value of the current block.
In summary, in both methods and systems, the intra-frame prediction technology of the present invention utilizes the characteristics of video images, and can well combine the texture information of the images, improve the intra-frame prediction precision of the video images, and reduce residual errors, thereby improving the efficiency of video coding compression.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method of intra prediction, the method comprising:
dividing pixels of a current block into priority coding pixels and prediction pixels, and performing bidirectional prediction according to the priority coding pixels and the prediction pixels to obtain bidirectional prediction values; and, carrying out unidirectional prediction on the current block to obtain a unidirectional prediction value;
and weighting and summing the bidirectional predicted value and the unidirectional predicted value to obtain a final predicted value of the current block.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing bi-directional prediction comprises:
performing predictive coding on the priority coding pixel and obtaining a reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel; and predicting the predicted pixel in the current block by combining the reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel and the reconstruction value of the adjacent pixel of the current block to obtain the bidirectional predicted value of the current block.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
dividing the prediction pixels into forward prediction pixels and bi-directional prediction pixels;
wherein the forward predicted pixels are reconstructed using only neighboring pixels for uni-directional prediction, and the bi-directional predicted pixels are reconstructed using the forward predicted pixel prediction values and the priority encoded pixels for bi-directional prediction.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the weighted summation of the bi-directional predictor and the uni-directional predictor to obtain the final predictor of the current block comprises:
and weighting and adding the bidirectional predicted value and the unidirectional predicted value according to different weights to obtain the best weighting coefficient of the predicted value, and obtaining the corresponding current block predicted value as the final predicted value of the current block.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
calculating the residual error of the original pixel value and the final predicted value of the current block, and then coding;
after that, the encoding of the next block is started until all the blocks in the current coding unit are processed.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
and at a decoding end, performing bidirectional prediction and/or unidirectional prediction on the block in the coding unit to obtain a corresponding bidirectional prediction value and/or unidirectional prediction value, and calculating a final prediction value of the current block according to the bidirectional prediction value and/or unidirectional prediction value to obtain a reconstruction value of the current block.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the calculating the final prediction value of the current block to obtain the reconstructed value of the current block comprises, at a decoding end, when bi-directional prediction and uni-directional prediction are performed on the block in the coding unit:
weighting and adding the obtained bidirectional predicted value and the obtained unidirectional predicted value according to a weighting coefficient to obtain a final predicted value of the current block; and adding the prediction residual obtained by decoding and the final prediction value to obtain a reconstruction value of the current block.
8. An intra-frame prediction system is characterized by comprising a final prediction unit, and a bidirectional prediction unit and a unidirectional prediction unit which are connected with the final prediction unit; wherein,
the bidirectional prediction unit is used for dividing pixels of the current block into priority coding pixels and prediction pixels, and performing bidirectional prediction according to the priority coding pixels and the prediction pixels to obtain bidirectional prediction values;
the unidirectional prediction unit is used for performing unidirectional prediction on the current block to obtain a unidirectional prediction value;
and the final prediction unit is used for weighting and summing the bidirectional prediction value and the unidirectional prediction value to obtain a final prediction value of the current block.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the bi-prediction unit, when performing bi-prediction, is configured to:
performing predictive coding on the priority coding pixel and obtaining a reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel; and predicting the predicted pixel in the current block by combining the reconstruction value of the priority coding pixel and the reconstruction value of the adjacent pixel of the current block to obtain the bidirectional predicted value of the current block.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the bi-directional prediction unit is further configured to:
dividing the prediction pixels into forward prediction pixels and bi-directional prediction pixels;
wherein the forward predicted pixels are reconstructed using only neighboring pixels for uni-directional prediction, and the bi-directional predicted pixels are reconstructed using the forward predicted pixel prediction values and the priority encoded pixels for bi-directional prediction.
11. The system of claim 8, wherein the final prediction unit, when performing weighted summation of the bi-directional predictor and the uni-directional predictor to obtain the final predictor of the current block, is configured to:
and weighting and adding the bidirectional predicted value and the unidirectional predicted value according to different weights to obtain the best weighting coefficient of the predicted value, and obtaining the corresponding current block predicted value as the final predicted value of the current block.
12. The system according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the final prediction unit is further configured to:
calculating the residual error of the original pixel value and the final predicted value of the current block, and then coding;
after that, the bidirectional prediction unit and the unidirectional prediction unit are triggered to code the next block until all the blocks in the current coding unit are processed.
13. The system according to any one of claims 8 to 11,
the bi-directional prediction unit and/or the uni-directional prediction unit is further configured to: performing corresponding bidirectional prediction and/or unidirectional prediction on a block in a coding unit at a decoding end to obtain a corresponding bidirectional prediction value and/or unidirectional prediction value;
the final prediction unit is further to: and at a decoding end, calculating the final predicted value of the current block according to the bidirectional predicted value and/or the unidirectional predicted value to obtain a reconstruction value of the current block.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein on a decoding side, when bi-directionally predicting and uni-directionally predicting the block in the coding unit, the final prediction unit calculates the final prediction value of the current block to obtain the reconstructed value of the current block, and is configured to:
weighting and adding the obtained bidirectional predicted value and the obtained unidirectional predicted value according to a weighting coefficient to obtain a final predicted value of the current block; and adding the prediction residual obtained by decoding and the final prediction value to obtain a reconstruction value of the current block.
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