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CN102832958B - Integrated receivers and integrated circuit having integrated inductors - Google Patents

Integrated receivers and integrated circuit having integrated inductors Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102832958B
CN102832958B CN201210196913.6A CN201210196913A CN102832958B CN 102832958 B CN102832958 B CN 102832958B CN 201210196913 A CN201210196913 A CN 201210196913A CN 102832958 B CN102832958 B CN 102832958B
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integrated
signal
input
inductor
integrated inductor
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CN102832958A (en
Inventor
R·科奥尼-普尔福德
A·皮奥瓦卡里
A·A·拉菲
M·H·科罗奥卢
D·S·特拉格
A·L·科班
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Silicon Laboratories Inc
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Silicon Laboratories Inc
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Abstract

The present invention relates to integrated receivers and an integrated circuit having integrated inductors. An integrated wideband receiver includes first and second signal processing paths and a controller. The first signal processing path has an input, and an output for providing a first processed signal, and comprises a first tracking bandpass filter having a first integrated inductor. The second signal processing path has an input, and an output for providing a second processed signal, and comprises a second tracking bandpass filter having a second integrated inductor. The controller is for enabling one of the first and second signal processing paths corresponding to a selected channel of a radio frequency (RF) input signal to provide an output signal. The controller, the first integrated inductor, and said second integrated inductor are formed on a single integrated circuit chip.

Description

There is integrated receiver and the integrated circuit of integrated inductor
This application claims the sequence number submitted on June 15th, 2011 is 13/160, the priority of the U. S. application of 564, this U. S. application is sequence number is 12/277, 866, in on November 25th, 2008 submit to, by name " Low-Cost Receiver Using Tracking Filter(uses the low-cost receiver of tracking filter) ", lawyer case 1052-0045, by Ramin Khoini-Poorfard, Alessandro Piovaccari, Aslamali A.Rafi, Mustafa H.Koroglu, and the part continuation application of the earlier application of David S.Trager invention.
Relevant, common co-pending application reference
That invents at Ramin K.Poorfard, Alessandro Piovaccari and Aslamali A.Rafi to apply for and the application number transferring present assignee is 12/277,908, can finds related subject in the co-pending patents application of lawyer's case number for 1052-0046 " using the low-cost receiver (Low-Cost Receiver Using Tracking Bandpass Filter and Lowpass Filter) of tracking band-pass filter and low pass filter " by name on November 25th, 2008.
Technical field
The disclosure relates generally to radio frequency (RF) receiver, relates more specifically to the RF receiver using tracking filter.
Background technology
Radio frequency (RF) receiver is widely used in multiple application, such as television receiver, cell phone, beep-pager, global positioning system (GPS) receiver, cable modem, cordless telephone, satellite radio receiver etc." radio frequency " used herein signal indication transmits useful information and the signal of telecommunication had from about 3 KHz (kHz) to the frequency of thousands of GHz (GHZ), has nothing to do with the medium transmitting this type of signal.Therefore RF signal is by transmission such as air, free space, coaxial cable, optical cables.A kind of RF receiver of common type is so-called superheterodyne receiver.Required data carrier signal mixes with the output of tunable oscillator by superheterodyne receiver, to produce the output of fixed intermediate frequency (IF).Then can to this fixing IF signal easily filtering and reduce convert back base band to process further.Therefore superheterodyne receiver needs two frequency mixing stages.
Such as, television receiver can by 48 megahertzes (MHz) to the channel switch of in the frequency band of 870MHz to the intermediate frequency of 44MHz.And in the U.S., the FM audio signal broadcasted in the 200KHz channel in the frequency band from 88.1MHz to 107.9MHz is converted to the intermediate frequency of 10.7MHz by FM broadcast receiver usually.Because the wide frequency ranges needed for television receiver, so the high quality television receiver of design low cost is difficult.
The discrete parts of usual use such as inductor, variable capacitance diode and capacitor and so on forms high quality television receiver.Although the performance of these receivers very well, they are expensive and volume is large.Need the cost advantage using modern integrated circuits technology.Unfortunately, existing silica-based TV tuner does not have discrete tuner performance good, thus does not become important in the market.And, employ integrated circuit technique, keep the television receiver of acceptable energy still to need outside discrete parts simultaneously, thus add their cost.Therefore, fail to realize integrated circuit technique completely and reducing the expectation on television receiver cost.
So, it is desirable that the new receiver architecture of application for such as television receiver and so on, this new architecture can not only keep the high-performance of discrete receiver, and the cost that integrated circuit technique can also be utilized to provide reduces.
Accompanying drawing is sketched
By referring to accompanying drawing, the present invention can be understood better, and multiple feature and advantage of the present invention be it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the first known television receiver of prior art with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram form;
Fig. 2 shows the second known television receiver of prior art with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram form;
Fig. 3 shows the 3rd known television receiver of prior art with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram form;
Fig. 4 illustrates television receiver according to an embodiment of the invention with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram form;
Fig. 5 shows the specific embodiment of the television receiver of Fig. 4 with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 show in schematic form one in the tracking band-pass filter of Figure 4 and 5;
Fig. 7 shows the vertical view of the multi-chip module (MCM) of the receiver combining Fig. 5;
Fig. 8 shows for understanding calibration steps useful, when capacitance variations, and the figure of the change of the band-pass response of the filter of Fig. 6;
Fig. 9 illustrates the integrated broadband receiver of another embodiment of the television receiver according to Fig. 5 with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram form; And
Figure 10 illustrates the vertical view of the design of five integrated inductors used in the integrated broadband receiver of Fig. 9.
Use the item that identical Reference numeral represents similar or identical in different figures.
Embodiment
Generally speaking, receiver described herein uses tracking band-pass filter to be used for channel tuning.This tracking band-pass filter is included in the inductor that integrated passive devices (IPD) tube core manufactures.IPD tube core and master integrated circuit die groupings are incorporated in single multi-chip module (MCM) by this receiver.Therefore for user, this receiver looks like single integrated circuit.But this IPD tube core is very suitable for setting up inductor, do not need to use relatively costly silicon manufacturing process.Therefore, high-quality, low cost and small size can be obtained simultaneously.
Realizing the difficulty of high-quality filtering and low cost for understanding known Receiver Design simultaneously, showing the first television receiver 100 of prior art referring now to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 with part block diagram and part schematic form.Receiver 100 comprises one or more radio frequency (RF) part 110, intermediate frequency (IF) part 130, demodulator part 140, radio frequency (RF) phase-locked loop (PLL) 152, crystal 153, DC-to-DC pulse-width modulation (PWM) generator 154, loop filter 156 and variable capacitance diode voltage control circuit 158.RF part 110 comprises tracking filter 112, low noise amplifier (LNA) 114, tracking filter 116, frequency mixer 118, local oscillator 120 and oscillation circuit (tank circuit) 122.IF part 130 comprises intermediate frequency (IF) filter 132, IF gain stage 134, surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter 136 and variable gain IF gain stage 138.Demodulator part 140 comprises demodulator 142, peak detector 144 and postpones automatic growth control (AGC) 146.
Tracking filter 112 have for receive be labeled as " RF input" radio frequency (RF) input signal first input, for receive be labeled as " F center" centre frequency regulation voltage second input and export.LNA 114 has the first input of the output being connected to tracking filter 112, the second input being labeled as the gain control signal of " LNA AGC " for reception and output.Tracking filter 116 has first of the output being connected to LNA 114 and inputs, for receiver voltage " F center" second input and export.Frequency mixer 118 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to tracking filter 116 and exports.IF filter 132 has the input of the output being connected to frequency mixer 118 and exports.IF gain stage 134 has the input of the output being connected to IF filter 132 and exports.SAW filter 136 has the input of the output being connected to IF gain stage 134 and exports.Variable gain IF gain stage 138 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to SAW filter 136 and exports.Demodulator 142 has the input of the output being connected to variable gain IF gain stage 138 and is labeled as " TV for providing export" the output of demodulated output signal.
Peak detector 144 has the input of the output being connected to variable gain IF gain stage 138 and exports.Postpone AGC 146 have the output being connected to peak detector 144 input, be connected to variable gain IF gain stage 138 second input be labeled as providing the gain-adjusted signal of " IF AGC " first export and be connected to LNA 114 second input for providing second of signal LNA AGC to export.
RF PLL 152 has the first input, be connected to second of crystal 153 the input, first exports and second to export.Loop filter 156 have be connected to RF PLL 152 first export first input, be connected to RF PLL 152 second export second input and be connected to tracking filter 112 second input and tracking filter 116 second input for providing voltage F centeroutput.DC-to-DC PWM generator 154 has output.Variable capacitance diode voltage control circuit 158 has the input of the output being connected to DC-to-DC PWM generator 154 and is connected to the output of output of loop filter 156.Oscillation circuit 122 has the voltage F of the output for receiving loop filter 156 centerinput and export.Local oscillator 120 has the input of the output being connected to oscillation circuit 122 and is connected to the second input of frequency mixer 118 and is also connected to the output of the input of RF PLL 152.
Receiver 100 presents integrated level, and wherein frequency mixer 118, IF gain stage 134, variable gain IF gain stage 138, local oscillator 120, RF PLL 152 and DC-to-DC PWM generator 154 are included in and are called MOPLL 170(and frequency mixer, oscillator, PLL) single integrated device in.In addition, demodulator 142, peak detector 144 and delay AGC 146 are included in and are called in the single integrated device of demodulator tube core 160.Receiver 100 also comprises several discrete components, comprises the circuit element of tracking filter 112, LNA 114, tracking filter 116, IF filter 132, SAW filter 136, loop filter 156 and variable capacitance diode voltage control circuit 158.
Operationally, signal RF inputit is the broadband signal of the energy comprised from the some TV signal be modulated on the carrier wave of different frequency.These different carrier waves form the television channel that therefrom can receive television content.Signal RF inputcan receive from antenna, or receive from cable TV connects.Be tuned to operation in required television channel relate to and make signal RF inputby tracking filter 112 and tracking filter 116 to reduce the energy from the TV signal on the carrier wave be modulated to outside required television channel carrier frequency band.Tracking filter 112 and tracking filter 116 comprise the band being configured to give required rank and lead to L-C(and Inductor-Capacitor) inductor of filter response and capacitor.Include LNA 114 introduce minimal noise product for amplifying through tuning signal simultaneously.Frequency mixer 118 mixes through tuning signal with the output from local oscillator 120, thus produce and output frequency and differ from output frequency:
[1]f 1=f CW+f LO
With
[2]f 2=f CW-f LO
Wherein f cWbe through the frequency of the wanted carrier of tuning signal, and f lOit is local oscillator frequency.Local oscillator 120 has the output frequency arranged by oscillation circuit 122.Oscillation circuit 122 is resonance L-C circuit.Signal component f 1by the higher frequency signals that IF filter 132 filters.IF filter 132 is low pass L-C filters.Component f 2it is the intermediate-frequency IF signal comprising the desired channel being in selected IF passed through by IF filter 132.This IF signal is demodulated to signal TV at demodulated device 160 exportbefore, regulated further by IF gain stage 134, SAW filter 136 and variable gain IF gain stage 138.Peak detector 144 detects the power stage of the input of demodulator 142, and provide feed back input to delay AGC 146, postpone AGC 146 and regulate the gain at LNA 114 and variable gain IF gain stage 138 place, to make the power stage through tuning RF signal can not be too high or too low.
In order to have ability tuning in television channel more than, receiver 100 comprises mechanical tuning device, and this mechanical tuning device regulates the frequency of tracking filter 112 and the centre frequency of tracking filter 116 and the output of local oscillator 120.Tracking filter 112, tracking filter 116 and oscillation circuit 122 comprise high-quality inductor, and they are generally hollow and and are not easy to by tuning and change circuit performance.On the other hand, capacitor realizes with variable capacitance diode (being namely designed to capacitance with the back-biased diode applying change in voltage).Therefore by changing the reverse bias voltage applied, these variable capacitance diodes tunable.Be used for realizing expecting that the reverse bias voltage of capacitance can up to 30 volts (V) or higher.Loop filter 156 and variable capacitance diode voltage control circuit 158 for regulating the voltage of the variable capacitance diode be applied in tracking filter 112, tracking filter 116 and oscillation circuit 122, to be tuned to multiple television channel.
Receiver 100 comprises the feature being not easy to be applicable to more high integration.Specifically, tracking filter 112, tracking filter 116 and oscillation circuit 122 comprise usually during fabrication by manual tuning to guarantee work time the high-quality inductor of correct tuning performance.In addition, use variable capacitance diode to require to increase the parts be associated with loop filter 156, variable capacitance diode voltage control circuit 158 and DC-to-DC PWM generator 154, rear both play DC-to-DC converter altogether.In addition, SAW filter 136 is used to increase cost and the physics size of receiver 100.Receiver 100 also requires the wide tunable range of tracking filter 112, tracking filter 116 and local oscillator 120.
Another known receiver architecture has been shown in Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 shows the second known television receiver 200 of prior art with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram form.Receiver 200 is previous-next receivers, and comprises buffer 212, attenuator 214, variable low noise amplifier (VLNA) 216, RF frequency mixer 218, SAW filter 220, variable gain IF amplifier 224, IF frequency mixer 226, SAW filter 228, variable gain IF amplifier 230, demodulator 232, power detector 234 and 236, automatic growth control (AGC) circuit 238, local oscillator 240 and 242, phase-locked loop (PLL) 244 and 246, crystal oscillator 248 and crystal 250.
Buffer 212 has for receiving RF input signal RF inputinput and export.Attenuator 214 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to buffer 212 and exports.VLNA 216 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to attenuator 214 and exports.RF frequency mixer 218 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to VLNA 216 and exports.SAW filter 220 has the input of the output being connected to RF frequency mixer 218 and exports.Variable gain IF amplifier 224 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to SAW filter 220 and exports.IF frequency mixer 226 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to variable gain IF amplifier 224 and exports.SAW filter 228 has the input of the output being connected to IF frequency mixer 226 and exports.Variable gain IF amplifier 230 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to SAW filter and exports.Demodulator 232 have the output being connected to variable gain IF amplifier 230 input, for providing the output signal TV through demodulation exportfirst export and be connected to variable gain IF amplifier 230 second input for providing second of AGC signal IF AGC to export.
Power detector 234 has the input of the output being connected to VLNA 216 and exports.Power detector 236 has the input of the output being connected to IF frequency mixer 226 and exports.Agc circuit 238 have the output being connected to power detector 234 first input, be connected to power detector 236 output second input, be connected to attenuator 214 second input and be connected to VLNA 216 second input be labeled as " AGC for providing rF" AGC signal first export and be connected to variable gain IF amplifier 224 second input be labeled as " AGC for providing iF" AGC signal second export.Crystal oscillator 248 is connected to crystal 250, and has the first output and the second output.PLL 244 has the first input exported and output that are connected to crystal oscillator 248.Local oscillator 240 has the input of the output being connected to PLL 244 and is connected to the second output inputted of RF frequency mixer 218.PLL246 has the second input exported and output that are connected to crystal oscillator 248.Local oscillator 242 has the input of the output being connected to PLL 246 and is connected to the second output inputted of IF frequency mixer 226.Receiver presents integrated level, and wherein buffer 212, attenuator 214, variable low noise amplifier (VLNA) 216, RF frequency mixer 218, variable gain IF amplifier 224, IF frequency mixer 226, variable gain IF amplifier 230, power detector 234 and 236, agc circuit 238, local oscillator 240 and 242, phase-locked loop (PLL) 244 and 246 and crystal oscillator 248 are combined on single integrated circuit tube core 260.
Here, except tuning tracking band-pass filter and oscillation circuit are to filter outside all channels except required channel, receiver 200 is by broadband RF inputsignal and the selected oscillation signals according mixing being used for required channel to be mixed to high IF, this IF is the centre frequency of the band pass filter (such as SAW filter 220) of high selectivity.This high IF is higher than required IF, and therefore then signal is after filtering mixed to required IF by receiver 200.Operationally, by first by buffer 212, attenuator 214 and VLNA 216, by signal RF inputbeing adjusted to can not more than the level of IF frequency mixer 218 power.The power stage of the input of RF frequency mixer 218 is detected by power detector 234, and agc circuit 238 is via signal AGC rFgain-adjusted signal is provided to attenuator 214 and VLNA 216.Signal through gain-adjusted mixes with the output from local oscillator 240 by frequency mixer 118, thus produce and output frequency and differ from output frequency:
[3]f 1=f RF+f LO
With
[4]f 2＝f RF-f LO
Wherein f rFsignal RF inputthe carrier frequency of required channel, and f lOit is local oscillator frequency.Local oscillator 240 is driven by PLL 244, and PLL 244 is conditioned to be mixed in the passband of SAW filter 220 by the frequency spectrum of required channel.Signal f 1and f 2comprise corresponding to unfiltered signal RF inputcomponent, and unwanted channel component is filtered by SAW filter 220.The centre frequency of SAW filter 220 is usually near 1 GHz (GHz).The output of SAW filter 220 and the output from local oscillator 242 are combined to produce required IF signal by IF frequency mixer 226, and this IF signal is demodulated to signal TV at demodulated device 232 exportbefore by SAW filter 228 and variable gain amplifier 230.
The some problem that receiver 200 uses the high selectivity of SAW filter 220 to solve receiver 100 to exist, such as eliminates the reduction of discrete high-quality inductor, variable capacitance diode and the DC-to-DC converter be associated and LO tuning range.But receiver 200 introduces additional discrete parts SAW filter 228, therefore the reduction of overall size is very small.In addition, the frequency mixer 226 being used for realizing previous-next architecture is increased and PLL 246 makes integrated circuit lead 260 larger.Equally, tracking filter lack the linear requirements that improve VLNA 216 and IF frequency mixer 226, and cause higher power consumption.
Fig. 3 shows the 3rd known television receiver 300 of prior art with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram form.Receiver 300 comprises LNA 312, attenuator 314, tracking filter 316, RF AGC amplifier 318, RF filter 320, RF multiphase filter 322, frequency mixer 324, IF multiphase filter 326, IF low pass filter 328, IF AGC amplifier 330, power detector 332, digital control circuit 334, DC-to-DC converter 336, crystal 340, crystal oscillator 342, synthesizer 344, loop filter 346, oscillator 348, measuring signal generator 350, synthesizer 352, loop filter 354, oscillator 356 and local oscillator generator 358.
LNA 312 has for receiving RF input signal RF inputfirst input, second input and export.Attenuator 314 has the input of the output being connected to LNA 312 and exports.Tracking filter 316 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to attenuator 314 and exports.RF AGC amplifier 318 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to tracking filter 316 and exports.RF filter 320 has the input of the output being connected to RF AGC amplifier 318 and exports.RF multiphase filter 322 has the input of the output being connected to RF filter 320 and exports.Frequency mixer 324 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to RF filter 320 and exports.IF multiphase filter 326 has the input of the output being connected to frequency mixer 324 and exports.IF low pass filter 328 has the input of the output being connected to IF multiphase filter 326 and exports.IF AGC amplifier 330 has the first input, second input of the output being connected to IF low pass filter 328 and exports.Demodulator 360 have the output being connected to IF AGC amplifier 330 input and for providing demodulated output signal TV exportoutput.
Power detector 332 has the input of the output being connected to IF low pass filter 328 and exports.Digital control circuit 334 has the input of the output being connected to power detector 332, be connected to LNA 312 second input, RF AGC amplifier 318 second input and IF AGC amplifier 330 second input first export, and second export.DC-to-DC converter 336 has the output of the second input exported being connected to digital control circuit 334 and the second input being connected to tracking filter 316.
Crystal 340 has the first and second terminals.Crystal oscillator 342 have by capacitor be connected to the first terminal of crystal 340 first input, be connected to by capacitor crystal 340 the second terminal second input, first export and second export.Synthesizer 344 has the first input, second input of the first output being connected to crystal oscillator 342 and exports.Loop filter 346 has the input of the output being connected to synthesizer 344 and exports.Oscillator 348 has the input of the output being connected to loop filter 346, the first output being connected to the second input of synthesizer 344 and the second output.Measuring signal generator 350 has the output of the second input exported being connected to oscillator 348 and the first input being connected to tracking filter 316.Synthesizer 352 has the first input, second input of the second output being connected to crystal oscillator 342 and exports.Loop filter 354 has the input of the output being connected to synthesizer 352 and exports.Oscillator 356 has the input of the output being connected to loop filter 354, the first output being connected to the second input of synthesizer 354 and the second output.Local oscillator generator 358 has the output of the second input exported being connected to oscillator 356 and the second input being connected to frequency mixer 324.
Operationally, receiver 300 and receiver 100 work, similarly by making signal RF inputby tracking filter 316 with the television channel outside required passband of decaying, thus be tuned in required television channel.Equally, tracking filter 316 comprises inductor and variable capacitance diode.Receiver 300 presents the further integrated level surpassing receiver 100 and 200, wherein LNA 312, attenuator 314, tracking filter 316, RF AGC amplifier 318, RF filter 320, RF multiphase filter 322, frequency mixer 324, IF multiphase filter 326, IF low pass filter 328, IF AGC amplifier 330, power detector 332, digital control circuit 334, DC-to-DC converter 336, crystal oscillator 342, synthesizer 344, oscillator 348, measuring signal generator 350, synthesizer 352, and oscillator 356 is incorporated on the receiver 370 of system in package (SIP).In this method, inductor and variable capacitance diode are the surface mounted devices (SMD) be welded to together with tuner tube core on multilayer board.Variable capacitance diode SMD is high-pressure type, thus makes the DC-to-DC converter 336 be operated in up under 30 volts of voltages become necessary.Therefore, in order to be integrated on tuner tube core by DC-to-DC converter 336, in high-voltage bipolar junction transistor complementary metal-oxide thing-silicon (HV BiCMOS) technique, realize this tuner tube core.
In order to tuning tracking filter 316, inject off-line calibration tone (tone) from measuring signal generator 350 to tracking filter 316, and measure power stage at power detector 332 place.Because power measurement completes in IF part, so need two tones with tuning tracking filter: calibration tone and LO tone.Therefore, the synthesizer that needs two are independent performs calibration.Although receiver 300 achieves higher integrated and less size than receiver 100 and 200, the essential and expensive HV BiCMOS technique of SMD inductor and variable capacitance diode means, compare with 200 with receiver 100, cost savings are minimum.In addition, the further reduction needing to prevent die size of DC-to-DC converter 336 and synthesizer 352 is comprised.Therefore, needs are integrated further keeps high-performance simultaneously.
Fig. 4 illustrates television receiver 400 according to an embodiment of the invention with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram form.Receiver 400 generally comprises low noise amplifier (LNA) 410, tracking band-pass filter 420, presetting circuit 430, mixting circuit 440, first intermediate frequency (IF) treatment circuit the 450, the 2nd ID treatment circuit 460, first analog to digital converter (ADC) the 458, the 2nd ADC 468, demodulator 480, micro controller unit (MCU) 490 and power detector 491.LNA 410 has for receiving RF input signal RF inputfirst input, for receiving gain control signal LNA AGC second input and export.Tracking band-pass filter 420 has first of the output being connected to LNA 410 and inputting, being labeled as " F for receiving bP" harmonic ringing second input and export.
Presetting circuit 430 comprises attenuator 432 and filter 434.Attenuator 432 has the first input of the output being connected to tracking band-pass filter 420, the second input being labeled as the gain control signal of " ATTEN AGC " for reception and output.Filter 434 has first of the output being connected to attenuator 432 and inputting, being labeled as " F for receiving lP" cut-off frequency conditioning signal second input and export.
Mixting circuit 440 comprises local oscillator 442 and frequency mixer 444.Local oscillator 442 have for receive be labeled as " F lO" local oscillator tuning signal input and for two mixed frequency signals are provided---comprising homophase mixed frequency signal and quadrature mixing signals---first export and be connected to tracking band-pass filter 420 first input be labeled as providing the test signal of " test " second output.Frequency mixer 444 have the output being connected to filter 434 first input, be connected to local oscillator 442 output second input, for provide first of homophase IF signal export and for providing second of quadrature IF signal to export.
IF circuit 450 has the first input exported and output that are connected to frequency mixer 444.IF circuit 460 has the second input exported and output that are connected to frequency mixer 444.ADC 458 has the input of the output being connected to IF circuit 450 and the output for providing 3 bit digital to output signal.ADC 468 has the input of the output being connected to IF circuit 460 and the output for providing 3 bit digital to output signal.Demodulator 480 have the output being connected to ADC 458 and 468 input and for providing demodulated output signal TV exportoutput.
MCU 490 has input, and for providing LNA AGC, F bP, ATTEN AGC, F lPand F lOthe output of control signal.Power detector 491 has the input of the output being connected to filter 434 and is connected to the output of input of MCU 490.MCU 490 is by providing control signal LNA AGC, F bP, ATTEN AGC, F lPand F lOas discrete output, as shown in Figure 4, or by transmitting control signal on serial line interface---receive and drive control signal from this serial line interface---and control receiver 400.
Operationally, receiver 400 is as being suitable for the television receiver receiving and demodulating television channel.The channel that MCU 490 is suitable for selecting according to user controls the multiple elements in receiver 400.Double filter architecture is used for premix conversion tuner by receiver 400.Signal RF inputalso be exaggerated where necessary via signal LNA AGC is received in LNA 410 under the control of MCU 490.Therefore receiver 400 can present the signal of appropriate level to the input of tracking band-pass filter 420.Receiver 400 uses power detector 491 and MCU 490 to utilize digital resources obtainment.
Tracking band-pass filter 420 carrys out the two-stage LC-filter of assisted Extraction for image carrier suppression by filtering adjacent channel, and the major part of its energy may be reflected back toward passband.As after a while described by reference Fig. 6, tracking band-pass filter 420 is implemented as the inductor with switched capacitor array, and the selection of switched capacitor array is used at MCU 490 via signal F bPcontrol under the centre frequency of passband of tuning tracking band-pass filter 420.When calibrating tracking band-pass filter 420, the first input to tracking band-pass filter 420 provides test signal, and measures the power stage of filter 434 by power detector 491.As further described with reference to Fig. 7 after a while, tracking band-pass filter 420 part is implemented on the ic substrate of other element comprising receiver 400, and part is implemented on integrated passive devices (IPD) tube core.
Attenuator 432 is used as booster element controlled separately under the control of MCU 490 via signal ATTEN AGC, can decay correctly separating between the different piece of signal processing path to make MCU 490.Filter 434 at MCU 490 via signal F lPcontrol under the additional attenuation of three order harmonicses higher than mixed frequency signal is provided, be mixed to passband from adjacent channel to prevent undesired energy.This frequency is important, because local oscillator 442 uses the digital mixing signal of square wave, and square wave has large energy on its triple-frequency harmonics.
Frequency mixer 444 is orthogonal mixers, it by after filtering with the RF input signal of decay with from the signal mixing of local oscillator 442 so that selected channel is mixed to required IF.In receiver 400, required IF is optional in the scope of 3 to 5 megahertzes (MHz), and therefore receiver 400 is configured to low IF architecture.In addition, receiver 400 also can be configured to the direct frequency reducing receiver of use zero IF.For realizing required IF, at MCU 490 via signal F lOcontrol under local oscillator 442 is tuned to the frequency selected channel being mixed to required IF.In other embodiments, receiver 400 can use high IF architecture.Upon reading this disclosure, can understand receiver 400 can be configured to multiple television standards in the world compatible.
Each in IF circuit 450 and 460 performs further Signal Regulation under the control of MCU 490, comprises low-pass filtering to pass through the signal lower than the cut-off frequency between 7 and 9MHz, and further gain stage.ADC 458 and 468 converts their respective input signals to numeric field, thus demodulator 480 can by they digitally demodulation provide signal TV export.
By using the tracking band-pass filter method utilizing LC mode filter, receiver 400 can realize high-quality filtering and low signal-to-noise ratio with low cost.Between tracking band-pass filter 420 and low pass filter 434, share RF filtering, relax the quality needed for tracking band-pass filter 420 like this.Receiver tube core has effectively manufactured the array of the switched capacitor of tracking band-pass filter 420, and this receiver tube core also comprises LNA 410, presetting circuit 430, mixting circuit 440, first intermediate frequency (IF) treatment circuit the 450, the 2nd IF treatment circuit 460, first analog to digital converter (ADC) the 458, the 2nd ADC 468, demodulator 480, micro controller unit (MCU) 490 and power detector 491.And, integrated passive devices (IPD) tube core manufactures the inductor of tracking band-pass filter 420 effectively, as by relative to following Fig. 7 more complete description.Therefore, receiver 400 achieves high-quality with low cost.
Fig. 5 shows the specific embodiment 500 of the television receiver of Fig. 4 with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram.Receiver 500 comprises importation 510, the first to the five RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560, mixer load/I/Q combiner 528, an IF part 570, the 2nd IF part 575, is similar to the demodulator 580 of demodulator 480 and is similar to the MCU 590 of MCU 490.Importation 510 comprises a LNA 512, is generally referenced as the one or more additional LNA of LNA 514 and switch matrix 518.Each RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560 comprise the tracking band-pass filter 521 being similar to tracking band-pass filter 420, the attenuator 522 being similar to attenuator 532, be similar to frequency mixer 444 frequency mixer 524, be similar to the power detector 525 of power detector 491 and be similar to the local oscillator 526 of local oscillator 442.In addition, a RF part 520 and the 2nd RF part 530 comprise the filter 523 being similar to filter 434.IF part 570 comprises the IF circuit 572 being similar to IF circuit 450 and the ADC 574 being similar to ADC 458.IF part 575 comprises the IF circuit 577 being similar to IF circuit 460 and the ADC 579 being similar to ADC 468.
Importation 510 receives RF input signal RF input.LNA 512 to 514 respectively has for Received signal strength RF inputinput and export.Switch matrix 518 has first of the output being connected to LNA 512 and inputs, is connected to one or more additional input of the output of LNA 514 and export for receiving the 3rd input, the first to the five being labeled as the switch matrix control signal of " SM control " and be labeled as " RF clearly remove" RF remove export.RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560 has the input for receiving RF input signal of the output being connected to switch matrix 518 respectively, thus the first output is connected to RF part 520, second output is connected to RF part 530,3rd output is connected to RF part 540,4th output is connected to RF part 550, and the 5th output is connected to RF part 560.RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560 also have respectively for provide first of homophase IF signal export and for providing second of quadrature IF signal to export.
In each in RF part 520 and 530, tracking band-pass filter 521 has and is connected to signal RF by switch matrix 518 and LNA 512 to 514 inputfirst input, for receive be similar to harmonic ringing F bPharmonic ringing (not shown in Figure 5) second input and export.Attenuator 522 has first of the output being connected to tracking band-pass filter 521 and inputs, for receiving the second input of the attenuation control signal (not shown in Figure 5) being similar to attenuation control signal ATTEN AGC and exporting.Filter 523 has first of the output being connected to attenuator 522 and inputting, being similar to cut-off frequency conditioning signal F for receiving lPcut-off frequency conditioning signal (not shown in Figure 5) second input and export.Local oscillator 526 have for receive be similar to local oscillator tuning signal F lOlocal oscillator tuning signal (not shown in Figure 5) input, for two mixed frequency signals are provided---comprising homophase mixed frequency signal and quadrature mixing signals---first export and be connected to tracking band-pass filter 521 first input for providing second of test signal test (TEST) to export.Frequency mixer 524 have the output being connected to filter 523 first input, be connected to local oscillator 526 output second input, for provide first of homophase IF signal export and for providing second of quadrature IF signal to export.Power detector 525 has the input of the output being connected to filter 523 and exports.RF part 540,550 and 560 comprises the element being similar to RF part 520 and connecting together with 530 ground, and in addition, when not having filter 523, the output of attenuator 522 is connected to the first input of frequency mixer 524.In alternative embodiments, filter 434 does not comprise the second input, but has the low pass filter of the cut-off frequency of the frequency twice of the low side substantially equaling the tuning frequency range of receiver 400.
The first input that mixer load/I/Q combiner 528 has the first and second outputs being connected to RF part 520 is right, be connected to RF part 530 first and second the second inputs exported are right, be connected to RF part 540 first and second the 3rd inputs exported are right, be connected to RF part 550 first and second the 4th inputs exported are right, be connected to RF part 560 first and second the 5th inputs exported are right, for receiving the 6th input being labeled as the mixer load/I/Q combiner control signal of " MLC CONTROL ", export for providing first of homophase IF signal, and for providing second of quadrature IF signal to export.
The homophase IF signal that IF part 570 receives from mixer load/I/Q combiner 528 exports, and provides in-phase digital signal to demodulator 580.Therefore, IF circuit 572 has the input for receiving homophase IF signal and exports.ADC 574 have the output being connected to IF circuit 572 input and for providing the output of Digital output signal.The quadrature IF signal that IF part 575 receives from mixer load/I/Q combiner 528 exports, and provides digital signal to demodulator 580.Therefore, IF circuit 577 has the input for receiving quadrature IF signal and exports.ADC 579 have the output being connected to IF circuit 577 input and for providing the output of Digital output signal.Demodulator 580 has first of the output being connected to ADC574 and inputs, is connected to the second input of the output of ADC 579 and be labeled as " TV for providing export" the output of the output signal through demodulation.
MCU 590 has each five input being connected to the output of a power detector 525, for providing signal F bPfive outputs, for providing five of signal ATTEN AGC outputs, for providing signal F lPtwo outputs, for providing signal F lOfive outputs, be connected to the 4th of switch matrix 518 input for the output of signal SM CONTROL is provided and be connected to mixer load/I/Q combiner 528 the 6th input for providing the signal MLC output of CONTROL.MCU can by signal F bP, ATTEN AGC, F lP, F lO, SM CONTROL and MLC CONTROL is embodied as discrete output, or signal F bP, ATTEN AGC, F lP, F lO, SM CONTROL and MLC CONTROL provides in the buffer device (not shown) of output by being placed on by suitable signal value and being implemented.
At work, receiver 500 is used as the television receiver similar with receiver 400, is suitable for receiving and demodulation television channel in 48MHz to 1GHz scope.The channel that MCU 590 is suitable for selecting according to user controls the multiple elements in receiver 500.But herein, receiver 500 uses double filter architecture in RF part 520 and 530, and scalar filter architecture is used for mixing tuner in advance by RF part 540,550 and 560.Will be understood that upon reading this disclosure, the different piece that different RF part can be designed in 48MHz to 1GHz scope provides filtering, and compares and have single RF part, and such design may be easier to realize.Herein, RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560 each be all designed to signal RF inputselected frequency range filtering and decay are provided.Such as, in the illustrated embodiment, a RF part 520 provides to provide to provide to provide from 240 to the filtering within the scope of 470MHz and decay, the 4th RF part 550 from 120 to the filtering within the scope of 240MHz and decay, the 3rd RF part 540 from 48 to the filtering within the scope of 120MHz and decay, the 2nd RF part 530 provides from 685 to the filtering within the scope of 1GHz and decay from 470 to the filtering within the scope of 685MHz and decay, the 5th RF part 560.
LNA 512 to 514 receives and amplifying signal RF input.Receiver 500 realizes (that is, with the quantity of desired gain jump proportional) multiple LNA 512 to 514 proportional with desired gain resolution.Switch matrix 518 receives through amplifying signal RF from LNA 512 to 514 input, and each LNA 512 to 514 is connected to the RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560 being designed to selected channel be provided to filtering and decay, or be connected to the RF being controlled by MCU590 via signal SM CONTROL removeexport.By changing more or less LNA 512 and 514, receiver 500 can for selected tracking band-pass filter 521 and the suitable power stage of blender 524 by signal RF inputpresent to the selected input of in RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560.MCU 590 uses from the selected input of in power detector 525 to determine the quantity of LNA512 and 514, thus be converted to the input of corresponding RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560, therefore achieve the digital resources obtainment in receiver 500.In another embodiment, not shown, one or more LNA is designed to the different piece in 48MHz to 1GHz scope provides variable linear to amplify.Will be understood that upon reading this disclosure, compare the single LNA that design covers whole gain and tuning range, design such LNA and be easier to realize.Herein, switch matrix 518 receives the signal from the LNA 512 and 514 providing desired amplification together, and each in these signals is converted to and is configured to the RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560 that selected channel provides filtering and decay.Further, MCU 590 by the conversion character of control switch matrix 518 ride gain.
Each tracking band-pass filter 521 is the two-stage LC-filter being implemented as the inductor with switched capacitor array, is used for via signal F the selection of this two-stage LC-filter bPunder the control of MCU 590, the centre frequency of the passband of tuning tracking band-pass filter 521, and tracking band-pass filter 521 by be embodied as further be positioned partially at other elements comprising receiver 400 ic substrate on, and part be positioned on integrated passive devices (IPD) tube core.Via signal ATTEN AGC under the control of MCU 490, attenuator 522 is used as the booster element that can control respectively.Filter 523 is via signal F lPthe additional attenuation of three order harmonicses higher than mixed frequency signal is provided under the control of MCU490, is mixed to passband from adjacent channel to prevent undesired energy.Reaffirm, this frequency is important, because local oscillator 526 uses the digital mixing signal of square wave, and square wave has large energy on its triple-frequency harmonics.Upon reading this disclosure, will be understood that, for process more high frequency channel RF part digital mixing signal frequency three order harmonicses filtering for, low pass filter may be not necessarily.
Frequency mixer 524 is orthogonal mixers, its by after filtration and the RF input signal of decay with mix from the signal of local oscillator 526 thus realize the IF signal expected.Reaffirm, desirable IF is 4MHz, and therefore receiver 500 employs low IF architecture.For realizing desired IF, via signal F lOlocal oscillator 526 is tuned to the frequency of the low IF frequency selected channel being mixed to 4MHz under the control of MCU 490.In other embodiments, receiver 500 can use high IF or Direct-conversion architecture.Via signal MLC CONTROL, under the control of MCU590, mixer load/I/Q combiner 528 receives synchronous and orthogonal IF signal and these signals is converted to respectively synchronous IF part 570 and orthogonal IF part 575 from selected frequency mixer 524.
Each in IF circuit 572 and 577 performs the adjustment of further signal, comprises low-pass filtering thus passes through the frequency lower than the cut-off frequency of 7MHz, and further decaying.MCU 590 also has output, not shown in Figure 5, for the gain by IF circuit 572 and 577 conditioning signal.ADC 574 and 579 converts their respective input signals to numeric field, thus demodulator 580 can by they digitally demodulation provide signal TV export.
The same with use receiver 400, by using the tracking band-pass filter method utilizing LC mode filter, receiver 500 can realize high-quality filtering and low signal-to-noise ratio while with low cost operation.Reaffirm, the array of the switched capacitor of tracking band-pass filter 521 is effectively manufactured on low cost CMOS receiver tube core, and this CMOS receiver tube core also comprises importation 510, RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560, mixer load/I/Q combiner 528, IF part 570 and 575, demodulator 580 and MCU 590.Similarly, the inductor of tracking band-pass filter 521 is effectively manufactured on integrated passive devices (IPD) tube core.Therefore, receiver 500 also achieves high-quality with low cost.
But, different from the receiver 400 of Fig. 4, the RF part 520,530,540,550 and 560 that receiver RF part is divided into five to separate by receiver 500, thus relax the linear requirements for booster element and tracking filter.This method causes the further reduction of receiver die-size and cost.(not shown) in another embodiment, filter 523 can be included in additional RF level 540,550 or 560, thus image is filtered out from 40MHz to 1GHz (e.g., from higher than the cellular communication of 1GHz) in extraneous energy.
Fig. 6 illustrates the tracking band-pass filter 420 and 521 that is suitable for being used as respectively in Figure 4 and 5 in schematic form and combines switched capacitor array thus realize the tuning tracking band-pass filter of centre frequency 600.As shown in the figure, tracking band-pass filter 600 comprises voltage to electric current (V to I) transducer 602, capacitor 604, inductor 606, capacitor 611 to capacitor 626 and transistor 632,634,636,638,640,642,644 and 646.V to I transducer 602 has Differential Input, is labeled as " RF for receiving input" RF input signal, and difference output, is labeled as " filtered RF for providing export" RF output signal.Tracking band-pass filter 600 also comprise for receive be marked as " F bPcontrol " transistor control signal, and for receive be marked as " V rEF" reference voltage.Capacitor 604 is connected between the difference output of V to I transducer 602.Inductor 606 is also connected between the difference output of V to I transducer 602, and has for receiving reference voltage V rEFcentre tap.Capacitor 611,613,615,617,619,621,623 and 625 each comprise the first terminal and second terminal of the positive side of the difference output being connected to V to I transducer 602.Capacitor 612,614,616,618,620,622,624 and 626 each comprise the first terminal and second terminal of the minus side of the difference output being connected to V to I transducer 602.Transistor 632,634,636,638,640,642,644 and 646 is field-effect transistor (FET), its each comprise the second terminal being connected to capacitor 611,613,615,617,619,621,623 and 625 the first source/drain terminal, for receiving a respective signal F bPgrid and be connected to second source/drain terminal of the second terminal of capacitor 612,614,616,618,620,622,624 and 626.
At work, tracking band-pass filter 600 is by the one or more transistor of conducting 632,634,636,638,640,642,644 and 646 its centre frequency tuning.Based on the state of the independent gates of each transistor 632,634,636,638,640,642,644 and 646 and conducting or "off" transistor 632,634,636,638,640,642,644 and 646.In one embodiment, the electric capacity of capacitor 612 to 626 can mutually the same (as, 1 picofarad (pF)), and so when only there being a transistor turns integral capacitor be 1pF, be 2pF when two transistor turns, and thus and thus until, all eight transistor turns, integral capacitor is 8pF, and tracking band-pass filter 600 is tunable to eight different channels.In another embodiment, by adding or removing building-out condenser/transistor unit, tracking band-pass filter 600 is tunable to greater or less than eight different channels.In yet another embodiment, capacitor can be binary weighting, the electric capacity of such capacitor 613 and 614 can be the twice of the electric capacity of capacitor 611 and 612, the electric capacity of capacitor 615 and 616 can be the twice of capacitor 613 and 614, thus and thus until capacitor 625 and 626(as, capacitor 611 and 612=1pF, capacitor 613 and 614=2pF, capacitor 615 and 616=4pF, capacitor 617 and 618=8pF, capacitor 619 and 620=16pF, capacitor 621 and 622=32pF, capacitor 623 and 624=64pF, and capacitor 625 and 626=128pF).In this way, 256 of tracking band-pass filter 600 different capacitances are allowed to the conducting of the various combinations of transistor 632,634,636,638,640,642,644 and 646.Upon reading this disclosure, will be understood that, transistor 632,634,636,638,640,642,644 and 646 can be implemented as P-slot field-effect transistor (pFET), bipolar junction transistor or other transistor types, as considered indicated by the Design and manufacture of the receiver combining tracking band-pass filter 600.
Centre frequency in conjunction with the tuning passband of switched capacitor allows tracking band-pass filter 600 to be more completely integrated in receiver tube core.This is because switched capacitor array instead of the variable capacitance diode of receiver 100 and receiver 300, and eliminates the needs of DC-to-DC converter.Additionally, optionally connected receipts machine die fabrication technology carrys out Optimal performance RF performance.Owing to comparing inductor, capacitor is easier to realize, and the centre frequency using switched capacitor to change tracking band-pass filter 600 makes the architecture of receiver 400 and 500 be easy to realize in integrated circuits.
Fig. 7 illustrates the vertical view of the multi-chip module (MCM) 700 of the receiver combining Fig. 5, wherein uses IPD tube core and receiver tube core to realize tracking band-pass filter.The element of MCM 700 is representational, and not by its actual size or than exemplifying.MCM 700 comprises substrate 710, IPD tube core 720 and receiver tube core 730.IPD tube core 720 and receiver tube core 730 are installed on substrate 710.IPD tube core comprises inductor 721,722,723,724 and 725, and for receiving reference voltage V rEFbond pad 728.Each inductor 721,722,723,724 and 725 has pair of engaging pad, is illustrated as bond pad 727 and 729 typically on inductor 721.Receiver tube core 730 comprises switched capacitor array 731,732,733,734 and 735, and for providing reference voltage V rEFbond pad 738.Each switched capacitor array 731,732,733,734 and 735 has pair of engaging pad, is illustrated as bond pad 737 and 739 typically in switched capacitor array 731.Each inductor 721,722,723,724 and 725 is connected to switched capacitor array 731,732,733,734 and 735 respectively, between bond pad 727 and bond pad 737, form first like this connect, and between bond pad 729 and bond pad 739, form the second connection.Switched capacitor array 731,732,733,734 and 735 is connected to all the other of receiver circuit 740 in die-level.All the other of receiver circuit 740 are also set to receive RF input signal RF input, and provide television output signal TV export.
By combining the inductor portion portions of the importation with LNA and switch matrix, multiple RF parts of the switched capacitor array part with tracking band-pass filter, attenuator and low pass filter, mixer load/I/Q combiner, IF part, demodulator on single receiver tube core 730 and MCU and the tracking band-pass filter on IPD tube core, achieve integrated, size and the cost reduction of higher level.In addition, complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) (CMOS) manufacture process requirement forms a lot for the treatment of steps of transistor and cross tie part.Low cost IPD tube core forms inductor, because inductor does not need a lot of CMOS treatment step.But MCM700 shows as single integrated circuit to user.
Note, in other embodiments, the inductor on IPD 720 also can otherwise be implemented in MCM 700.Such as, inductor 721-725 can be implemented as discrete inductor, as the track in the substrate of MCM 700, and otherwise realizes.
Fig. 8 shows for understanding calibration steps useful, when capacitance variations, and the figure of the change of the frequency response of the filter of Fig. 6.Figure 80 1 illustrates tracking band-pass filter 600.Vertical pivot represents the decay in units of dB, and transverse axis represents the frequency f in units of MHz.Create the frequency of desired channel by providing test tone from local oscillator 442 or 526, and measured the power stage obtained by power detector 491 or 525.Note, tracking band-pass filter by frequency on desired channel frequency more than the frequency under expected frequency.Desirably be equilibrated at the RF energy that desired channel frequency is passed through and the energy passed through under expected frequency, or, in other words, carry out centralization tracking band-pass filter.
In order to centralization band-pass tracking filter, by the capacitor in cutoff switch array of capacitors, be moved to the left by attenuation curve and capacitor in actuating switch array of capacitors, moved right by attenuation curve as shown in Figure 80 3 as shown in Figure 80 2, MCU finds peak power level and low and high-frequency rolling drop (roll-off).When MCU is by capacitor cut-off or conducting, power detector measures the power output of tracking band-pass filter, and therefore MCU can determine that any switch combination causes peak power output, low-frequency roll-off point and high-frequency rolling drop point.
Low and high-frequency rolling drop point can be defined as, and such as, power stage is the point at-3dB place under peak power.In a particular embodiment, the center of attenuation curve is determined, as shown in Figure 80 4 by the capacitance size be set to by the electric capacity of tracking band-pass filter in the middle of between the capacitance size (capacitance level) and the capacitance size of high-frequency rolling drop point of low-frequency roll-off point.In another embodiment, MCU can record the power stage of each switch combination, thus determines to roll-off whether faster than opposite side in the side of attenuation curve, and can apply suitable modifying factor to determine the center of attenuation curve.
Inductor is integrated
In order to reduce system cost further, above-mentioned receiver architecture described in Fig. 4-8 and integrated, the on-chip inductors using advanced integrated circuit fabrication process technology to realize combine by inventor.
Fig. 9 illustrates the integrated broadband receiver 900 of another embodiment of the television receiver 500 according to Fig. 5 with part block diagram and partial schematic diagram form.Integrated broadband receiver 900 comprises five RF parts 910,920,930,940 and 950, and each all has fully-integrated, on chip inductor.RF part 910 comprises tracking band-pass filter 912 and as described in Figure 5 before attenuator 522, filter 523, frequency mixer 524 and local oscillator 526.Tracking band-pass filter 912 comprises trsanscondutance amplifier 914, fixed capacitor 915, variable capacitor 916 and integrated inductor 918.Trsanscondutance amplifier 914 has the first and second differential input terminals being connected to switch matrix 518, and the first and second Differential output terminals.Fixed capacitor 915 has the first terminal of the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 914 and is connected to second terminal of the second lead-out terminal of trsanscondutance amplifier 914.Variable capacitor 916 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 914 the first terminal and be connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 914 the second lead-out terminal the second terminal and for Received signal strength f bPcontrol terminal.Integrated inductor 918 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 914 the first terminal and be connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 914 the second lead-out terminal the second terminal and for receive be labeled as " V rEF" the center terminal (tap) of bias voltage.
RF part 920 comprises tracking band-pass filter 922 and as described in Figure 5 before attenuator 522, filter 523, frequency mixer 524 and local oscillator 526.Tracking band-pass filter 922 comprises trsanscondutance amplifier 924, fixed capacitor 925, variable capacitor 926 and integrated inductor 928.Trsanscondutance amplifier 924 has the first and second differential input terminals being connected to switch matrix 518, and the first and second Differential output terminals.Fixed capacitor 925 has the first terminal of the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 924 and is connected to second terminal of the second lead-out terminal of trsanscondutance amplifier 924.Variable capacitor 926 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 924 the first terminal and be connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 924 the second lead-out terminal the second terminal and for Received signal strength f bPcontrol terminal.Integrated inductor 928 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 924 the first terminal and be connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 924 the second terminal the second terminal and for receiving V rEFcenter terminal.
RF part 930 comprises tracking band-pass filter 932 and as described in Figure 5 before attenuator 522, filter 523, frequency mixer 524 and local oscillator 526.Tracking band-pass filter 932 comprises trsanscondutance amplifier 934, fixed capacitor 935, variable capacitor 936 and integrated inductor 938.Trsanscondutance amplifier 934 has the first and second differential input terminals being connected to switch matrix 518, and the first and second Differential output terminals.Fixed capacitor 935 has the first terminal of the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 934 and is connected to second terminal of the second lead-out terminal of trsanscondutance amplifier 934.Variable capacitor 936 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 934 the first terminal and be connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 934 the second lead-out terminal the second terminal and for Received signal strength f bPcontrol terminal.Integrated inductor 938 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 934 the first terminal and be connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 934 the second lead-out terminal the second terminal and for receiving V rEFcenter terminal.
RF part 940 comprises tracking band-pass filter 942 and as described in Figure 5 before attenuator 522, filter 523, frequency mixer 524 and local oscillator 526.Tracking band-pass filter 942 comprises trsanscondutance amplifier 944, fixed capacitor 945, variable capacitor 946 and integrated inductor 948.Trsanscondutance amplifier 944 has the first and second differential input terminals being connected to switch matrix 518, and the first and second Differential output terminals.Fixed capacitor 945 has the first terminal of the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 944 and is connected to second terminal of the second lead-out terminal of trsanscondutance amplifier 944.Variable capacitor 926 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 944 the first terminal and be connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 944 the second lead-out terminal the second terminal and for Received signal strength f bPcontrol terminal.Integrated inductor 948 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 944 the first terminal and be connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 944 the second lead-out terminal the second terminal and for receiving V rEFcenter terminal.
RF part 950 comprises tracking band-pass filter 922 and as described in Figure 5 before attenuator 522, filter 523, frequency mixer 524 and local oscillator 526.Tracking band-pass filter 952 comprises trsanscondutance amplifier 954, fixed capacitor 955, variable capacitor 956 and integrated inductor 958.Trsanscondutance amplifier 954 has the first and second differential input terminals being connected to switch matrix 518, and the first and second Differential output terminals.Fixed capacitor 955 has the first terminal of the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 954 and is connected to second terminal of the second lead-out terminal of trsanscondutance amplifier 954.Variable capacitor 956 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 954 the first terminal, be connected to the second lead-out terminal of trsanscondutance amplifier 954 the second terminal and for Received signal strength f bPcontrol terminal.Integrated inductor 958 have the first lead-out terminal being connected to trsanscondutance amplifier 954 the first terminal, be connected to the second lead-out terminal of trsanscondutance amplifier 954 the second terminal and for receiving V rEFcenter terminal.
At work, integrated broadband receiver 900 forms another embodiment of the integrated circuit receiver 500 of Fig. 5.But different from the MCM 700 shown in Fig. 7, integrated broadband receiver 900 uses fully integrated, on chip inductor.Signal processing path is divided into the subpath of the sub-band corresponding to RF signal spectrum, and use the tracking filter separated of the corresponding integrated inductor had for each sub-band, allow inductor differently built each respective frequency sub-bands and provide superperformance with low cost.
Note, similar with receiver 500, receiver 900 only comprises low pass filter 523 in the process path of two low-frequency bands and carrys out blocker in attenuation band (blocker).In an alternative embodiment, but, receiver can whole five band process paths in all have similar 3LO low pass filter.When there is band outer blocker (such as cell phone and wireless lan signal), repel owing to lacking enough blender harmonic waves, this embodiment can provide better blocker to repel.
Integrated broadband receiver 900 utilizes advanced manufacturing process to be integrated by the inductor customized especially for each subband.Inventor's copper metallization and eight available metal layers achieve integrated broadband receiver 900 in 0.11 micrometre CMOS process.By being integrated in the receiver architecture shown in Fig. 5 by inductor, compare in Fig. 7 the MCM700 using IPD tube core 720, inventor reduces the holistic cost of integrated receiver 900.
In addition, inventor uses the ability of this manufacturing process to realize low cost and module placement to create its character according to the on-chip inductors that the frequency band of filter changes.For all frequency bands, inventor is by using the parallel combination of fixed capacitor, variable capacitor and integrated inductor, integrated inductor is placed in (that is, they have identical " area of coverage (footprint) ") in intimate same integrated circuit surface region simultaneously and obtains module placement.
For more low-frequency band, inventor relate to higher inductance but the inductor of the quality factor (Q) reduced.For the more high frequency band requiring low inductance, inventor has devised the inductor with higher Q.
The quality factor (or Q) of inductor is the ratio in its induction reactance of given frequency place and its resistance, and this is measuring of its efficiency.The Q factor of inductor is higher, and it is close to the behavior of ideal, break-even inductor.Mathematically, the Q factor at given frequency place can be expressed as follows:
Therefore, the technology used according to integrated broadband receiver 900, compares other any tracking band-pass filters, and tracking band-pass filter 912 employs higher inductance (L), and compare other any tracking band-pass filters, band pass filter 952 employs the inductor of higher quality (Q).By changing the character of respective inductor, can inexpensively and Modularly provides good receiver performance while manufacturing integrated broadband receiver 900.
Figure 10 illustrates the vertical view of the layout 1000 of five integrated inductors 918,928,938,948 and 958 used in the integrated broadband receiver 900 of Fig. 9.Layout 1000 comprises the inductor 918 for lowest band, the inductor 928 for the second low-frequency band, the inductor 938 for intermediate frequency band, the inductor 948 for the second high frequency band and the inductor 958 for most high frequency band.Layout 1000 use copper is as 8 layers of metal process of metallized prior art, and wherein " M8 " represents uppermost metal level, " M7 " refer to lower one deck metal level, by that analogy.
Inductor 958 has minimum inductance and is therefore the simplest.Inductor 958 is used in the tracking band-pass filter 952 of most high frequency band.Inductor 958 comprise formed inductor the first terminal the first interconnection point 1051, formed inductor the second terminal the second interconnection point 1052 and for bias voltage V rEFthe center terminal 1053 of applying.Inductor 958 is included in first group of four ceoncentrically wound coil 1054 in M8, to comprise from interconnection point 1051 and to continue through the external coil of Inside coil.The end of Inside coil connects the Inside coil being with the 1055 to the second group four ceoncentrically wound coils 1056 by M7, and these second group of four ceoncentrically wound coil is wound up into external coil from Inside coil and ends at the second interconnection point 1052.Have high inductance because inductor 958 is unnecessary, the metal being used to ceoncentrically wound coil 1054 and 1056 can be made into relatively wide, reduces resistance and therefore increases Q.
Inductor 948 is used in the tracking band-pass filter 942 of the second high frequency band.Inductor 948 comprise formed inductor the first terminal the first interconnection point 1041, formed inductor the second terminal the second interconnection point 1042 and for bias voltage V rEFthe center terminal 1043 of applying.Inductor 948 is included in first group of five ceoncentrically wound coil 1044 in M8, to comprise from interconnection point 1041 and to continue through the external coil of Inside coil.The end of Inside coil connects is with the 1045 to the second group five ceoncentrically wound coils 1046 by M7, and these second group of five ceoncentrically wound coil is wound up into external coil from Inside coil and ends at the second interconnection point 1042.For ceoncentrically wound coil 1044 with 1046 metal be still relative wide, but and wide unlike metal used in inductor 958.Inductor 948 also has five coils but not four, thus provides higher inductance, but it compares the lower Q that inductor 958 also has higher resistance and therefore has.
Inductor 938 is used in the tracking band-pass filter 932 of intermediate frequency band.Inductor 938 comprise formed inductor the first terminal the first interconnection point 1031, formed inductor the second terminal the second interconnection point 1032 and for bias voltage V rEFthe center terminal 1033 of applying.Inductor 938 is included in first group of ten ceoncentrically wound coil 1034 in M8, to comprise from interconnection point 1031 and to continue through the external coil of Inside coil.Inductor 938 also has second group of ten ceoncentrically wound coil 1036 in M8, is wound to external coil and ends at the second interconnection point 1032 from Inside coil.In order to increase the conductance of metallic traces and improve Q factor, inductor 938 uses two groups of similar ceoncentrically wound coils (not shown in Figure 10) in M7, follows the pattern substantially identical with M8 coil pattern.First and second groups of coils are joined together by M7 band 1035.Wide unlike metal used in inductor 948 for the metal of ceoncentrically wound coil 1034 and 1036.Inductor 938 is compared inductor 948 and is had more multi-coil and provide higher inductance, but it compares the lower Q that inductor 948 also has higher resistance and therefore causes.
Inductor 928 is used in the tracking band-pass filter 922 of the second low-frequency band.Inductor 928 comprise formed inductor the first terminal the first interconnection point 1021, formed inductor the second terminal the second interconnection point 1022 and for bias voltage V rEFthe center terminal 1023 of applying.Inductor 928 is included in first group of ten ceoncentrically wound coil 1024 in M8, to comprise from interconnection point 1021 and to continue through the external coil of Inside coil.Inductor 928 also has second group of ten ceoncentrically wound coil 1036 in M8, is wound to external coil and ends at the second interconnection point 1032 from Inside coil.In order to increase its inductance, inductor 928 uses similar ceoncentrically wound coil group (not shown in Figure 10) in layer M7 to M3, follows the pattern substantially identical with M8 coil pattern.First and second groups of coils are joined together by M7 band 1025.Wide unlike metal used in inductor 938 for the metal of ceoncentrically wound coil 1024 and 1026.Inductor 928 is compared inductor 938 and is had more multi-coil and provide higher inductance, but it compares the lower Q that inductor 938 also has higher resistance and therefore causes.
Inductor 918 is used in the tracking band-pass filter 912 of lowest band.Inductor 918 comprise formed inductor the first terminal the first interconnection point 1011, formed inductor the second terminal the second interconnection point 1012 and for bias voltage V rEFthe center terminal 1013 of applying.Inductor 918 is included in first group of ten ceoncentrically wound coil 1014 in M8, to comprise from interconnection point 1011 and to continue through the external coil of Inside coil.Inductor 918 also has second group of ten ceoncentrically wound coil 1031 in M8, is wound to external coil and ends at the second interconnection point 1012 from Inside coil.In order to increase its inductance, inductor 918 uses similar ceoncentrically wound coil group (not shown in Figure 10) in layer M7 to M2, follows the pattern substantially identical with M8 coil pattern.First and second groups of coils are joined together by M7 band 1015.Wide unlike metal used in inductor 928 for ceoncentrically wound coil 1014 and 1016.Inductor 918 is compared inductor 928 and is had more multi-coil and provide higher inductance, but it compares the lower Q that inductor 928 also has higher resistance and therefore causes.
Generally speaking, table I illustrates that the Q of each inductor is relative to inductance and interested frequency band:
Table I
Inductor The layer that coil uses L Q Calculate the frequency that Q uses
L1 M2-M8 680nH 2.8 50MHz
L2 M3-M8 185nH 5.6 110MHz
L3 M7,M8 55nH 8.8 230MHz
L4 M8 19nH 13 700MHz
L5 M8 11nH 15 870MHz
But this should be obvious, these values are only in a manufacturing process for the example of the available L/Q balance of inventor, and these values will change in different manufacturing process.
Therefore, inventor has disclosed three kinds of known tracking band-pass filter architectures and two kinds of new architectures, and it provides higher integrated level and lower cost.The each side that table I I shows different receivers design disclosed herein compares:
Table I I
In other embodiments, during all integrated inductors as disclosed herein can be used in beyond tracking band-pass filter other Signal Processing Elements and for other objects beyond RF receiver.In addition, multilayer integrated inductor disclosed herein can be used to other objects, comprise be not limited to integrated power conversion device, noise filter, RF transmitter, etc.
Disclosed theme should be considered to illustrative instead of restrictive above, and claims are intended to cover all such modifications of the true scope falling into claim, reinforcement and other embodiment.Therefore, in order to obtain allowed by law maximum magnitude, the most broad interpretation allowed by claims and their equivalent is determined by scope of the present invention, and should not describe constraint or restriction in detail by above.

Claims (18)

1. an integrated broadband receiver (900), comprising:
First signal processing path (910), it has input, for providing the output of the first treated signal, and comprises first tracking band-pass filter (912) with the first integrated inductor (918);
Secondary signal process path (950), it has input, for providing the output of the second treated signal, and comprises second tracking band-pass filter (952) with the second integrated inductor (958); And
Controller (590), provides output signal for of starting in described first (910) and second (950) signal processing path of the selected channel corresponding to radio frequency (RF) input signal,
Wherein said controller (590), described first integrated inductor (918) and described second integrated inductor (958) are formed on a single integrated circuit chip, and
Wherein said first integrated inductor (918) has compares the higher inductance of described second integrated inductor (958), and described second integrated inductor (958) has the quality factor higher than described first integrated inductor (918).
2. integrated broadband receiver (900) as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in response to channel selecting signal, by optionally described RF input signal being coupled to the described input of described first signal processing path (910) or being coupled to the described input of described secondary signal process path (950), described controller (590) starts described one in described first (910) and second (950) signal processing path.
3. integrated broadband receiver (900) as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, each in described first (910) and second (950) signal processing path comprises and the corresponding variable capacitor (916,956) in parallel in described first (918) and second integrated inductor (958), thus forms corresponding first (912) and second (952) tracking band-pass filter.
4. integrated broadband receiver (900) as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, each variable capacitor (916,956) comprises a row switch capacitor (611-626).
5. integrated broadband receiver (900) as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described first signal processing path (910) also comprises:
Frequency mixer (524), its have signal input, for receive local oscillator signal local oscillator input and for providing the output of RF signal through conversion; And
Tunable low pass filter (523), it is coupling between the output of described first tracking band-pass filter (912) and the described signal input of described frequency mixer (524), and the tuning input had for receiving cut-off frequency signal
Wherein when starting described first signal processing path (910), described local oscillator signal is set as by the channel tuning expected to intermediate frequency by described controller (590), and by described cut-off frequency signal setting near three order harmonicses that cause the decay of described tunable low pass filter (523) and be positioned at described local oscillator signal frequency and higher than the frequency of described three order harmonicses.
6. integrated broadband receiver (900) as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described first signal processing path (910) also comprises:
Local oscillator (526), it has for providing first of described local oscillator signal to export, and described local oscillator signal is characterised in that it is square-wave signal.
7. an integrated broadband receiver (900), comprising:
First signal processing path (910), has input, for providing the output of the first treated signal, and comprises and have first of the first integrated inductor (918) and follow the tracks of pass filter (912);
Secondary signal process path (950), it has input, for providing the output of the second treated signal, and comprises second tracking band-pass filter (952) with the second integrated inductor (958); And
Controller (590), provides output signal for of starting in described first (910) and second (950) signal processing path of the selected channel corresponding to radio frequency (RF) input signal,
Wherein said controller (590), described first integrated inductor (918) and described second integrated inductor (958) are formed on a single integrated circuit chip, and
Wherein said first integrated inductor (918) comprises the one or more coils be formed in multiple metal level, and described second integrated inductor (958) comprises the one or more coils be only formed in single metal layer.
8. integrated broadband receiver (900) as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described first integrated inductor (918) has the coil comparing described second integrated inductor (958) greater number, and described second integrated inductor (958) has the coil width larger than described first integrated inductor (918).
9. integrated broadband receiver (900) as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described single metal layer comprises metal layer at top.
10. an integrated circuit (900), comprising:
First integrated inductor (918), it has the plane overlay area of pre-determining and has the first and second terminals, and described first integrated inductor is used in the coil in both the first metal layer and the second metal level and is formed;
Second integrated inductor (958), it occupies the plane overlay area of described pre-determining and has the first and second terminals, described second integrated inductor (958) to be used in described the first metal layer but coil not in described second metal level and being formed, thus described first integrated inductor (918) is compared described second integrated inductor (958) and had larger inductance, and described second integrated inductor (958) has the quality factor higher than described first integrated inductor (918);
Comprise first signal processing circuit (910) of described first integrated inductor (1090); And
With described first signal processing circuit (910), there is identical function and there is the secondary signal treatment circuit (950) of described second integrated inductor (958).
11. integrated circuits (900) as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, described first (910) and second (950) signal processing circuit comprises with the respective tracking band-pass filter formed in described first (918) and second (958) integrated inductor.
12. integrated circuits (900) as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, described first integrated inductor (918) has the coil comparing described second integrated inductor (958) greater number, and described second integrated inductor (958) has the coil width larger than described first integrated inductor (918).
13. integrated circuits (900) as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that, described the first metal layer comprises metal layer at top.
14. integrated circuits (900) as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that, described first integrated inductor (918) is included in more than the coil in two metal levels.
15. 1 kinds of integrated broadband receivers (900), comprising:
First signal processing path (910), it has input, for providing the output of the first treated signal, and comprises first tracking band-pass filter (912) with the first integrated inductor (918);
Secondary signal process path (950), it has input, for providing the output of the second treated signal, and comprises second tracking band-pass filter (952) with the second integrated inductor (958); And
Controller (590), provides output signal for of starting in described first (910) and second (950) signal processing path of the selected channel corresponding to radio frequency (RF) input signal,
Wherein said controller (590), described first integrated inductor (918) and described second integrated inductor (958) are formed on a single integrated circuit chip,
Wherein said first integrated inductor (918) has the plane overlay area of pre-determining and the coil be used in both the first metal layer and the second metal level and being formed, and
Wherein said second integrated inductor (958) occupies the plane overlay area of described pre-determining and to be used in described the first metal layer but coil not in described second metal level is formed, thus described first integrated inductor (918) is compared described second integrated inductor (958) and had larger inductance.
16. integrated broadband receivers (900) as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described first integrated inductor (918) has the coil comparing described second integrated inductor (958) greater number, and described second integrated inductor (958) has the coil width larger than described first integrated inductor (918).
17. integrated broadband receivers (900) as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that, described the first metal layer comprises metal layer at top.
18. integrated broadband receivers (900) as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, described first integrated inductor (918) is included in more than the coil in two metal levels.
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