CN102806261A - Device and method for hydraulic forming of cavity part with complex curved surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for hydraulic forming of a cavity part with a complex curved surface, and relates to a device and a method for forming metal plates. The device and the method solve the problem of large welding deformation and welding residual stress in the prior art for stamping and deep drawing of parts with complex curved surfaces and also solve problems that in the initial forming stage, double plate blanks need to be pressed by high mold clamping force to guarantee sealing of liquid at a liquid charging opening, so that the plate blanks at two ends of a cavity are difficult to flow into the cavity of a mold when a cavity part with a complex curved surface is formed, the wall thickness of the part is reduced due to high expansion deformation, and the part is difficult to form by the existing double-plate hydraulic forming technology. The device comprises an upper mold, a lower mold, a lower liquid charge insert, an upper liquid charge insert, an elastic component, a first sealing ring and a second sealing ring, the elastic component and the upper liquid charge insert are sequentially arranged in an upper groove from top to bottom, the lower liquid charge insert is arranged in a lower groove, and the second sealing ring is mounted in a second sealing groove. The device and the method are used for forming of the cavity part with the complex curved surface.

Description

Device and method for hydroforming cavity parts with complex curved surfaces

technical field

The invention relates to a metal plate forming device and method, in particular to a hydroforming device and method for complex curved cavity parts.

Background technique

Cavity parts with thin-walled and complex curved surfaces are a typical type of shell structural parts. The main difficulty in forming is that the shell that forms the cavity is a thin-walled and complex curved surface, and the cross-sectional size of the cavity varies greatly. For parts with small changes in cross-sectional size, pipe diameter expansion or reduction (such as pipe hydroforming, electromagnetic forming) and other forming methods are usually used. For parts with large cross-section changes, the method of relying on pipe diameter expansion is limited by the maximum expansion rate of the pipe, which may easily lead to local extreme thinning or even rupture of the pipe; similarly, the method of pipe shrinkage forming may easily lead to local material instability Defects such as wrinkling and material accumulation, folding, etc. For the forming and manufacturing of hollow parts with thin-walled complex curved surfaces, the existing technology is to use sheet metal stamping, deep drawing and other methods to form local curved surfaces, and then combine them by welding to form cavity parts. The disadvantage of this method is: forming There are many processes and multiple sets of forming molds are required. The complex curved surface parts after forming are difficult to weld, have large welding deformation, high residual stress and many weld seams. Therefore, traditional forming methods are difficult to guarantee the formability and reliability of such parts.

Sheet metal hydroforming is a new flexible forming technology that uses liquid instead of rigid mold as the force transmission medium to form sheet metal, including: liquid instead of die or liquid instead of punch. Among them, liquid instead of punch forming is divided into single-plate hydroforming and double-plate hydroforming. Double-plate hydroforming is to weld the periphery of the two plates, press them into the upper and lower molds through the clamping press, and then fill the high-pressure liquid through the liquid filling port reserved in the middle of the two plates, and finally the two plates will act on the internal high-pressure liquid The lower parts are attached to the upper and lower mold cavities respectively, so that cavity parts can be formed. The technological advantage of double-plate hydroforming is that the parts are formed in one step using a set of mold devices, which replaces the single-piece forming or multi-step forming of traditional stamping or deep-drawing processes; in addition, the plates can be paired and combined according to the needs of the parts, and can be of different materials , Plates of different thicknesses, so the utilization rate of materials can be significantly improved, the weight of materials and structures can be realized, the forming process steps are shortened, and the cost of molds, equipment and manual work is also saved, thus improving production efficiency. However, the disadvantage of the existing double-plate hydroforming technology is that the liquid sealing pressure of the filling port is provided by the clamping force, so sufficient clamping force needs to be applied to ensure the liquid seal between the two plates, and the liquid seal cannot Control, so that it is difficult for the plate at the flange to flow into the mold cavity. The plate produces large bulging deformation under the action of hydraulic pressure, and for the forming of complex curved surface cavity parts, the large bulging deformation makes the wall thickness thinner Severe and lead to cracking, eventually unable to form parts.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of large welding deformation and high welding residual stress in the existing stamping and deep drawing forming technology for complex curved parts, and the existence of double plate hydroforming technology in the initial stage of forming, which requires a large mold clamping The double slabs are pressed hard to ensure the liquid seal of the liquid filling port. When forming complex curved cavity parts, it is difficult for the slabs at both ends of the cavity to flow into the mold cavity. The large bulging deformation makes the wall thickness thinner, and the parts To solve the problem of difficult forming, a hydroforming device and method for complex curved cavity parts are provided.

The technical scheme that the present invention takes for solving the above problems is:

The hydroforming device for complex curved cavity parts of the present invention, the device includes an upper die and a lower die, and the device also includes a lower liquid-filled insert, an upper liquid-filled insert, an elastic component, a first seal ring and a second seal There is an upper cavity on the lower end surface of the upper mold, and a lower cavity on the upper end surface of the lower mold. After the upper mold and the lower mold are completely closed, the upper cavity and the lower cavity form the cavity of the part to be formed. An upper groove is processed on the lower end surface of the upper mold adjacent to the cavity, and a lower groove is processed on the upper end surface of the lower mold at the position facing the upper groove, and the upper groove is sequentially arranged with The elastic part and the upper liquid-filled insert, the elastic part is fixedly connected with the upper mold and the upper liquid-filled insert respectively, the upper liquid-filled insert is in sliding contact with the side wall of the upper groove, and the lower end surface of the upper liquid-filled insert has a concave pit, the surface of the pit is a hemispherical surface, the lower end surface of the upper die between the upper cavity and the upper groove is provided with a first groove, and the upper liquid-filled insert between the first groove and the pit A second groove is provided on the lower end surface. After the upper mold and the lower mold are completely closed, the first groove communicates with the second groove, and the height of the first groove and the second groove is the same. The first groove and the second groove The second groove is used for the upper slab to form a ridge, and the lower groove is provided with a lower liquid-filled insert, which is in sliding contact with the side wall of the lower mold, and the upper end surface of the lower liquid-filled insert is in contact with the pit There is a convex rib matched with the pit at the position directly opposite. The surface of the convex rib is hemispherical. The side wall of the lower mold is processed with a first channel pointing to the lower liquid-filled insert. The end surface is processed with a second channel passing through the rib and communicating with the first channel. The lower end surface of the lower liquid-filled insert located outside the second channel is provided with a first sealing groove, and a first sealing groove is installed in the first sealing groove. The sealing ring, the upper end surface of the lower liquid-filled insert is provided with teeth along the circumferential direction of the convex rib, and the lower end surface of the upper liquid-filled insert is provided with a tooth alveolar at the position corresponding to the teeth, and is located on the tooth The upper end surface of the lower liquid-filled insert on the outer side is provided with a second sealing groove, and a second sealing ring is installed in the second sealing groove. Way and the way of the second sealing ring seal to achieve sealing.

The specific steps of the hydroforming method for complex curved surface cavity parts of the present invention are:

Step 1. Design the shape of the slab according to the structure of the complex curved surface cavity part, and process a convex hole with the same shape and size as the rib on one end of the lower slab by punching or drilling, and press it on the upper slab. The slab corresponding to the first groove and the second groove is pressed with convex stems to ensure the filling of high-pressure liquid during the forming process;

Step 2, butt welding the lower slab and the upper slab along the periphery to form a closed weld to form a double-slab blank;

Step 3. Put the double-slab blank formed by the welded lower slab and the upper slab on the lower mold, so that the convex holes on the lower slab pass through the convex ribs on the lower liquid-filled insert, and the convex holes on the upper slab a portion of the stem enters the first groove and the second groove;

Step 4: The upper mold moves downward and closes the lower mold. During the mold closing process, under the action of the elastic component, the upper liquid-filled insert first contacts the double-plate blank, and the upper liquid-filled insert and the lower liquid-filled insert The double-slab blank between the inserts is gradually compressed. During the compaction process, the end of the convex stem of the upper slab is pressed by the convex rib and the concave to form a protrusion that matches the convex rib or concave. Until the lower mold and the upper mold are completely closed, at this time, the clamping force F is applied to the upper mold;

Step 5: Inject the liquid with liquid pressure P through the first channel and the second channel. The liquid is filled between the lower slab and the upper slab through the gap between the lower slab and the convex stem, and is located between the upper cavity and the lower mold. The upper slab and the lower slab between the cavities respectively undergo compound deformation of drawing and bulging, the upper slab gradually abuts against the cavity surface of the upper cavity, and the upper slab gradually abuts against the cavity of the lower mold cavity face;

Step 6. Increase the mold clamping force F and the liquid pressure P, the upper slab is completely tightly attached to the cavity surface of the upper cavity, and the lower slab is completely and tightly attached to the cavity surface of the lower cavity, forming a complex curved surface Cavity parts;

Step 7. After the forming is completed, the liquid is exported through the first channel and the second channel, and the upper mold and the lower mold are opened to take out the formed complex curved cavity part.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The device of the present invention is provided with a lower liquid-filled insert on the lower die, and an upper liquid-filled insert on the upper die. There are elastic parts built between the upper die and the upper liquid-filled insert, and the elastic parts are respectively connected to the upper die and the upper die. The liquid-filled inserts are fixedly connected. After the upper mold and the lower mold are closed, the elastic component can provide the pressing force between the lower liquid-filled insert and the upper liquid-filled insert independently without being affected by the clamping force. At the same time, the upper mold The liquid-filled insert and the lower liquid-filled insert realize liquid sealing through the engagement structure of the teeth and the alveolar and the sealing of the second sealing ring, and the upper liquid-filled insert and the lower liquid-filled insert engage with the teeth and the alveolar The structural method can restrain the movement and deformation of the slab between the liquid-filled inserts. The upper liquid-filled insert and the lower liquid-filled insert engage with each other through teeth and alveolar structures. According to needs, one to three teeth or Alveolar, the sealing method of the second sealing ring can be set to 1 to 3 rings according to the needs. In the above structure, the upper liquid-filled insert is independently controlled by the elastic component, and the upper liquid-filled insert is under the action of the elastic component. The insert provides suitable pressure, which can effectively overcome the liquid filling port in the existing double-plate hydraulic process. In the early stage of slab forming, a large mold clamping force is required to press the double slab to ensure the liquid sealing of the liquid filling port. The present invention In the initial stage of forming, under the action of relatively small clamping force, the compound forming of plate deep drawing and bulging can be realized, which effectively solves the problem that the existing double-plate hydraulic technology requires a large clamping force to suppress the double plate in the initial stage of forming. The slab is used to ensure the liquid seal of the liquid filling port. When forming complex curved cavity parts, it is difficult for the slabs at both ends of the cavity to flow into the mold cavity. The large bulging deformation makes the wall thickness thinner and the parts are difficult to form. .

2. The lower liquid-filled insert and the upper liquid-filled insert of the present invention are independent and replaceable insert-type structures. When the thickness of the formed plate changes, the lower liquid-filled insert and the upper liquid-filled insert can be modified according to the thickness of the plate. Matching dimensions between blocks without modifying the lower and upper dies;

3. In the forming method of the present invention, the welding process is arranged before the forming process, and the welding is performed along the periphery of the flat plate, which avoids the welding deformation of complex curved surface parts caused by the traditional manufacturing process after forming first and then welding, and the welding efficiency is significantly improved. 50%-80%, the welding residual stress is gradually released with the deformation during the forming process, which is significantly lower than the traditional welding residual stress after forming, which is reduced by 40%-70%; the welding of two slabs is closed along the periphery Type welding, the welding strength is significantly improved compared with the traditional spot welding strength, which is increased by 30%-50%;

4. Under the action of high-pressure liquid, the composite deformation of drawing and bulging occurs. Compared with the traditional stamping forming, the wall thickness uniformity is improved by 10%-30%, and the dimensional accuracy is high, which is increased by 5%-20%. The advantages of high surface quality and strong rigidity, good formability and reliability;

5. The present invention can flexibly design the size of the slab according to the shape of the part. The cross-sectional shape is not restricted by the deformation rate. The axis of the slab can be a straight line or a curve. It has good adaptability for the forming of complex curved surface parts with large differences in cavity depth.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the partial connection structure of the elastic part of the present invention made of polyurethane or rubber, Fig. 3 is a double-plate blank placed in the upper mold and the lower mold after closing The state diagram between the upper mold and the lower mold. Figure 4 is a diagram of the forming process of the double-plate blank under the action of liquid pressure P. Figure 5 is the complex curved cavity part obtained after the forming of the double-plate blank in Figure 4 State diagram, Fig. 6 is the forming process diagram of the double-slab blank under the liquid pressure P and the lower slab under the action of the hydraulic pressure P1, and Fig. 7 is the forming process of the double-slab blank under the liquid pressure P and the upper slab under the liquid pressure P2 The forming process diagram under the action, Fig. 8 is the forming process diagram of the double-slab blank under the liquid pressure P, the lower slab under the liquid pressure P4, and the upper slab under the combined action of the liquid pressure P3. Fig. 9 is a welding Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the double-slab blank, Figure 10 is a view from the direction of A-A in Figure 9.

Detailed ways

Specific Embodiment 1: This embodiment is described with reference to Fig. 1-Fig. The liquid-filled insert 4, the elastic part 5, the first sealing ring 6 and the second sealing ring 7, the lower end surface of the upper mold 2 has an upper cavity 2-1, and the upper end surface of the lower mold 1 has a lower cavity 1- 1. After the upper mold 2 and the lower mold 1 are completely closed, the upper cavity 2-1 and the lower cavity 1-1 form the cavity 13 of the part to be formed, and the lower end surface of the upper mold 2 adjacent to the upper cavity 2-1 There is an upper groove 2-2 in the upper processing, and a lower groove 1-3 is processed at the position facing the upper groove 2-2 on the upper end surface of the lower die 1, and the upper groove 2-2 is from top to bottom. The bottom is provided with an elastic part 5 and an upper liquid-filled insert 4 in turn, the elastic part 5 is fixedly connected with the upper mold 2 and the upper liquid-filled insert 4 respectively, and the upper liquid-filled insert 4 slides with the side wall of the upper groove 2-2 Contact, the lower end surface of the upper liquid-filled insert 4 has a pit 4-1, the surface of the pit 4-1 is a hemispherical surface, and the upper mold 2 between the upper cavity 2-1 and the upper groove 2-2 A first groove 2-4 is provided on the lower end face of the upper liquid-filled insert 4 between the first groove 2-4 and the recess 4-1. A second groove 4-3 is provided on the lower end face of the upper liquid-filled insert 4, After the upper mold 2 and the lower mold 1 are completely closed, the first groove 2-4 communicates with the second groove 4-3, and the height of the first groove 2-4 and the second groove 4-3 are the same. The groove 2-4 and the second groove 4-3 are used for the upper slab 10 to form a ridge 10-1, and the lower groove 1-3 is provided with a lower liquid-filled insert 3, and the lower liquid-filled insert 3 and the lower The side wall of the mold 1 is in sliding contact, and the upper end surface of the lower liquid-filled insert 3 is provided with a convex rib 3-1 matched with the concave hole 4-1 at the position facing the concave hole 4-1. The surface of -1 is a hemispherical surface, the side wall surface of the lower mold 1 is processed with a first channel 1-2 pointing to the lower liquid-filled insert 3, and the lower end surface of the lower liquid-filled insert 3 is processed with a convex rib 3-1 And the second channel 3-5 communicating with the first channel 1-2, the lower end surface of the lower liquid-filled insert 3 located outside the second channel 3-5 is provided with a first sealing groove 3-4, the first sealing groove 3-4 is installed with a first sealing ring 6, the upper end surface of the lower liquid-filled insert 3 is provided with teeth 3-2 along the circumference of the convex rib 3-1, and the lower end surface of the upper liquid-filled insert 4 is aligned with the teeth. 3-2 is provided with an alveolar 4-2 that engages with the tooth 3-2, and a second sealing groove 3-3 is provided on the upper end surface of the lower liquid-filled insert 3 outside the tooth 3-2 , the second sealing ring 7 is installed in the second sealing groove 3-3, the upper liquid-filled insert 4 and the lower liquid-filled insert 3 are engaged by the teeth 3-2 and the tooth grooves 4-2, and the second seal Sealing is realized by means of ring 7 sealing.

Specific Embodiment 2: This embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1 . The elastic member 5 in this embodiment is a spring. In this way, after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed, the spring can provide a pressing force between the upper liquid-filled insert and the lower liquid-filled insert, without being affected by the clamping force of the upper mold and the lower mold, and the liquid seal can be independent Control to meet the design requirements and forming needs. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

Specific Embodiment Three: This embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 2 . The elastic member 5 in this embodiment is an elastic member made of polyurethane. In this way, after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed, the polyurethane can provide a pressing force between the upper liquid-filled insert and the lower liquid-filled insert without being affected by the clamping force of the upper mold and the lower mold, and the liquid seal can be independently Control to meet the design requirements and forming needs. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

Specific Embodiment 4: This embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 2 . The elastic member 5 in this embodiment is an elastic member made of rubber. In this way, after the upper mold and the lower mold are closed, the rubber can provide a pressing force between the upper liquid-filled insert and the lower liquid-filled insert, without being affected by the clamping force of the upper mold and the lower mold, and the liquid seal can be separated Control to meet the design requirements and forming needs. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.

Embodiment 5: This embodiment is described in conjunction with FIG. 7. The device described in this embodiment also includes a third sealing ring 12, and a third sealing ring is provided on the lower end surface of the upper mold 2 located outside the upper cavity 2-1. Groove 2-5, a third sealing ring 12 is installed in the third sealing groove 2-5, and a third channel 2-6 communicating with the upper cavity 2-1 is processed on the side wall surface of the upper mold 2. In this embodiment, a liquid pressure against the upper slab 10 is applied to the upper slab 10 through the third channel 2-6, and the deformation of the upper slab 10 is independently controlled, thereby effectively improving the wall thickness distribution of the upper slab 10 and making the deformation of the upper slab 10 It is more uniform and can realize the forming of complex curved surface parts with deep upper cavity. Such setting meets the design requirements and actual forming needs. Others are the same as the specific embodiment 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Embodiment 6: This embodiment is described in conjunction with FIG. 6. The device in this embodiment also includes a fourth sealing ring 8, and a ring of fourth sealing grooves is provided on the upper end surface of the lower mold 1 located outside the lower cavity 1-1. 1-5, a fourth sealing ring 8 is installed in the fourth sealing groove 1-5, and a fourth channel 1-4 communicating with the lower cavity 1-1 is processed on the side wall surface of the lower mold 1. In this embodiment, a back-facing liquid pressure is applied to the lower slab 9 through the fourth channel 1-4, and the deformation of the lower slab 9 is independently controlled, thereby effectively improving the wall thickness distribution of the lower slab 9 and making the deformation of the lower slab 9 It is more uniform and can realize the forming of complex curved surface parts with deep lower cavity. Such setting meets the design requirements and actual forming needs. Others are the same as the specific embodiment 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Embodiment 7. This embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3-10 . In this embodiment, the hydroforming device for complex curved cavity parts as described in any one of the specific embodiments 1 to 6 is used to realize the forming of complex curved cavity parts. method, the specific steps of the hydroforming method for the complex curved cavity part are:

Step 1. Design the shape of the slab according to the structure of the complex curved surface cavity part, and process a convex hole 9-1 having the same shape and size as the rib 3-1 on one end of the lower slab 9 by punching or drilling , using a pressing method to press out the convex stem 10-1 at the position corresponding to the first groove 2-4 and the second groove 4-3 of the upper slab 10, so as to ensure the filling of high-pressure liquid during the forming process;

Step 2, butt welding the lower slab 9 and the upper slab 10 along the periphery to form a closed weld 11 to form a double-slab blank;

Step 3: Put the double-slab blank formed by the welded lower slab 9 and the upper slab 10 on the lower mold 1, so that the convex hole on the lower slab 9 passes through the rib 3 on the lower liquid-filled insert 3 -1, part of the convex stem 10-1 of the upper slab 10 enters the first groove 2-4 and the second groove 4-3;

Step 4: The upper mold 2 moves downward to close the mold with the lower mold 1. During the mold closing process, under the action of the elastic component 5, the upper liquid-filled insert 4 first contacts the double-plate blank, and the upper liquid-filled insert 4 4 and the double-slab blank between the lower liquid-filled insert 3 is gradually compressed, and during the compaction process, the end of the convex stem 10-1 of the upper slab 10 is pressed by the convex rib 3-1 and the pit 4- 1 Press out a protrusion that matches the rib 3-1 or the pit 4-1 until the lower die 2 and the upper die 1 are completely closed, at this time, the upper die 2 exerts a clamping force F;

Step 5: Inject the liquid with liquid pressure P through the first passage and the second passage 7, and fill the liquid between the lower slab 9 and the upper slab 10 through the gap between the lower slab 9 and the convex stem 10-1, The upper slab 10 and the lower slab 9 located between the upper cavity 2-1 and the lower cavity 1-1 undergo composite deformation of deep drawing and bulging respectively, and the upper slab 9 gradually abuts against the upper cavity 2- 1, the upper slab 10 gradually abuts against the cavity surface of the lower mold cavity 1-1;

Step 6: Increase the pressure P of the injection liquid, the upper slab 10 is completely and tightly attached to the cavity surface of the upper cavity 2-1, and the lower slab 9 is completely and tightly fitted to the cavity surface of the lower cavity 1-1, Forming to obtain complex curved surface cavity parts;

Step 7. After forming, the liquid is exported through the first channel 1-2 and the second channel 3-5, and the upper mold 2 and the lower mold 1 are opened to take out the formed complex curved surface cavity parts.

In this embodiment, the formed cavity parts are mechanically cut off the slabs in the press area of the upper liquid-filled insert and the lower liquid-filled insert according to actual needs, and welded to seal, thereby forming the required closed cavity.

The liquid medium described in this embodiment may be mineral oil or water.

Embodiment 8. This embodiment is described in conjunction with FIG. 7. In step 5 of this embodiment, liquid is injected through the first channel 1-2 and the second channel 3-5, and at the same time, the liquid pressure is filled into the upper cavity 2-1. P2 is liquid, and P2 is smaller than P, P-P2 is recorded as ΔP ₂ , where ΔP ₂ ranges from 1 MPa to 100 MPa, and the liquid pressure of P2 exerts a back pressure on the upper slab 10 . In this embodiment, a back pressure is applied to the upper slab 10 to separately control the deformation of the upper slab 10, thereby effectively improving the wall thickness distribution of the upper slab 10, making the deformation of the upper slab 10 more uniform, and realizing the upper cavity. Forming of deep and complex surface parts. Such setting meets the design requirements and actual forming needs. Others are the same as in the seventh embodiment.

Ninth embodiment, this embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 6. In step five of this embodiment, liquid is injected through the first channel 1-2 and the second channel 3-5, and at the same time, the liquid is filled into the cavity 1-1 Liquid with pressure P1, and P1 is less than P, P-P1 is recorded as ΔP ₁ , where ΔP ₁ ranges from 1MPa to 100MPa, liquid with liquid pressure P1 exerts back pressure on the lower slab 9 . In this embodiment, a back pressure is applied to the lower slab 9 to separately control the deformation of the lower slab 9, thereby effectively improving the wall thickness distribution of the lower slab 9, making the deformation of the lower slab 9 more uniform, and realizing a lower cavity. Deep and complex surface part forming. Such setting meets the design requirements and actual forming needs. Others are the same as in the seventh embodiment.

Embodiment 10. This embodiment is described in conjunction with FIG. 8. In step 5 of this embodiment, liquid is injected through the first channel 1-2 and the second channel 3-5, and at the same time, the liquid pressure is filled into the upper cavity 2-1. P3 liquid, and P3 is less than P, P-P3 is recorded as ΔP ₃ , where ΔP ₃ ranges from 1MPa to 100MPa, and the liquid pressure of P3 exerts a back pressure on the upper slab 10, and the downward cavity 1-1 is filled with a liquid with a liquid pressure of P4, and P4 is less than P, and P-P4 is recorded as ΔP ₄ , where the value range of ΔP ₄ is 1MPa to 100MPa, and the liquid with a liquid pressure of P4 applies to the lower slab 9 back pressure. In this embodiment, by applying a back pressure to the upper slab 10 and the lower slab 9, respectively, the deformation of the upper slab and the lower slab can be controlled, so that the deformation of the two slabs is more uniform or coordinated, and different slabs can be realized. Parts or parts with complex curved surfaces with large differences in depth between the upper and lower cavities are formed. Such setting meets the design requirements and actual forming needs. Others are the same as in the seventh embodiment.

Claims (10)

1. complex-curved cavity part hydroforming equipment; Said device comprises patrix (2) and counterdie (1); It is characterized in that: said device comprises also down that topping up inserts (3), goes up that topping up is inserted (4), elastomeric element (5), first sealing ring (6) and second sealing ring (7); Has upper impression (2-1) on the lower surface of patrix (2); Has lower impressions (1-1) on the upper surface of counterdie (1); Closed fully back upper impression (2-1) of patrix (2) and counterdie (1) and lower impressions (1-1) constitute the cavity (13) of part to be formed; Be processed with a upper groove (2-2) on the lower surface of the patrix (2) adjacent with upper impression (2-1), on the upper surface of counterdie (1) with upper groove (2-2) over against the position be processed with a low groove (1-3), be disposed with elastomeric element (5) and last topping up insert (4) in the upper groove (2-2) from top to bottom; Elastomeric element (5) respectively with patrix (2) and last topping up insert (4) be fixedly connected; The sidewall sliding-contact that last topping up is inserted (4) and upper groove (2-2), last topping up are inserted and are had pit (4-1) on the lower surface of (4), and the surface of pit (4-1) is a hemisphere face; The lower surface that is positioned at the patrix (2) between upper impression (2-1) and the upper groove (2-2) is provided with first groove (2-4); Be positioned at the insert lower surface of (4) of last topping up between first groove (2-4) and the pit (4-1) and be provided with second groove (4-3), the closed fully back of patrix (2) and counterdie (1) first groove (2-4) and second groove (4-3) connection, and first groove (2-4) is highly identical with second groove (4-3); Said first groove (2-4) and second groove (4-3) are used for slab (10) and form the protruding ridge (10-1); Be provided with down topping up in the low groove (1-3) and insert (3), the sidewall sliding-contact that following topping up is inserted (3) and counterdie (1), following topping up insert on the upper surface of (3) with pit (4-1) over against the position be provided with a fin (3-1) that matches with pit (4-1); The surface of fin (3-1) is a hemisphere face; The side wall surface of counterdie (1) is processed with and points to down the topping up first passage (1-2) of (3) of inserting, and following topping up is inserted and is processed with the second channel (3-5) that passes fin (3-1) and is communicated with first passage (1-2) on the lower surface of (3), is positioned at the insert lower surface of (3) of following topping up outside the second channel (3-5) and is provided with first seal groove (3-4); First sealing ring (6) is installed in first seal groove (3-4); Following topping up insert (3) upper edge, upper surface fin (3-1) circumferentially be provided with tooth (3-2), last topping up is inserted on the lower surface of (4) and to be provided with and tooth (3-2) teeth groove of interlock (4-2) mutually with the corresponding position of tooth (3-2), the insert upper surface of (3) of the following topping up that is positioned at tooth (3-2) outside is provided with second seal groove (3-3); Second sealing ring (7) is installed in second seal groove (3-3), and insert (4) and following topping up of last topping up inserts that (3) frame mode of interlock and the mode of second sealing ring (7) sealing realize sealing mutually through tooth (3-2) and teeth groove (4-2).

2. complex-curved cavity part hydroforming equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said elastomeric element (5) is a spring.

3. complex-curved cavity part hydroforming equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the elastomeric element of said elastomeric element (5) for being processed by polyurethane.

4. complex-curved cavity part hydroforming equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the elastomeric element of said elastomeric element (5) for being processed by rubber.

5. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described complex-curved cavity part hydroforming equipments; It is characterized in that: said device also comprises the 3rd sealing ring (12); The lower surface of patrix (2) that is positioned at the outside of upper impression (2-1) is provided with circle the 3rd seal groove (2-5); The 3rd sealing ring (12) is installed in the 3rd seal groove (2-5), is processed with the third channel (2-6) that is communicated with upper impression (2-1) on the side wall surface of patrix (2).

6. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described complex-curved cavity part hydroforming equipments; It is characterized in that: said device also comprises the 4th sealing ring (8); The upper surface that is positioned at the counterdie (1) in lower impressions (1-1) outside is provided with circle the 4th seal groove (1-5); The 4th sealing ring (8) is installed in the 4th seal groove (1-5), is processed with the four-way (1-4) that is communicated with lower impressions (1-1) on the side wall surface of counterdie (1).

7. utilize and realize complex-curved cavity part forming method like the described complex-curved cavity part hydroforming equipment of any claim of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described complex-curved cavity part hydroforming method are:

Step 1, according to the structural design slab shape of complex-curved cavity part; Adopt the method for punching or boring; Big or small identical protruding hole (9-1) of the shape with fin (3-1) of processing on an end of following slab (9); Apply the coercive method last slab (10) suppress protruding stalk (10-1) with first groove (2-4) and second groove (4-3) corresponding position, to guarantee charging into of forming process mesohigh liquid;

Step 2, the weld seam (11) that will descend slab (9) and last slab (10) to seal along peripheral butt welding formation constitute two slab spares;

Two slab spares that step 3, the following slab (9) after will welding and last slab (10) form are placed on the counterdie (1); Make down protruding hole on the slab (9) pass down the topping up fin (3-1) on (3) of inserting, the part of the protruding stalk (10-1) of last slab (10) gets in first groove (2-4) and second groove (4-3);

Step 4, patrix (2) move downward and counterdie (1) matched moulds; In the process of matched moulds, under the effect of elastomeric element (5), last topping up insert (4) at first contact with two slab spares; Two slab spares that last topping up is inserted (4) and following topping up is inserted between (3) are compressed gradually; In compaction process, the end of the protruding stalk (10-1) of last slab (10) is suppressed a convexity that matches with fin (3-1) or pit (4-1) by fin (3-1) and pit (4-1), and is closed fully until counterdie (2) and patrix (1); At this moment, apply mold clamping force F on the patrix (2);

Step 5, to inject fluid pressure through first passage and second channel (7) be the liquid of P; Liquid charges into down between slab (9) and the last slab (10) through the gap between following slab (9) and the protruding stalk (10-1); Be positioned at the composite deformation that pull and stretch and bulging take place for last slab (10) and following slab (9) between upper impression (2-1) and the lower impressions (1-1); Last slab (10) abuts on the cavity surface of upper impression (2-1) gradually, and following slab (9) abuts on the cavity surface of counterdie die cavity (1-1) gradually;

Step 6, increase mold clamping force F and fluid pressure P, last slab (10) fits tightly fully on the cavity surface of upper impression (2-1), and following slab (9) fits tightly fully on the cavity surface of lower impressions (1-1), is shaped to obtain complex-curved cavity part;

After step 7, the end that is shaped,, open patrix (2) and counterdie (1) and take out the complex-curved cavity part after being shaped through first passage (1-2) and second channel (3-5) tapping.

8. complex-curved cavity part hydroforming method according to claim 7; It is characterized in that: inject liquid through first passage (1-2) and second channel (3-5) in the step 5, simultaneously, in upper impression (2-1), charge into the liquid that fluid pressure is P2; And P2 is less than P, and P-P2 is designated as Δ P ₂, Δ P wherein ₂Span be 1MPa～100MPa, fluid pressure is that the liquid of P2 applies pressure dorsad to last slab (10).

9. complex-curved cavity part hydroforming method according to claim 7; It is characterized in that: inject liquid through first passage (1-2) and second channel (3-5) in the step 5, simultaneously, in lower impressions (1-1), charge into the liquid that fluid pressure is P1; And P1 is less than P, and P-P1 is designated as Δ P ₁, wherein, Δ P ₁Span be 1MPa～100MPa, fluid pressure is that the liquid of P1 applies pressure dorsad to following slab (9).

10. complex-curved cavity part hydroforming method according to claim 7; It is characterized in that: inject liquid through first passage (1-2) and second channel (3-5) in the step 5, simultaneously, in upper impression (2-1), charge into the liquid that fluid pressure is P3; And P3 is less than P, and P-P3 is designated as Δ P ₃, Δ P wherein ₃Span be 1MPa～100MPa, fluid pressure is that the liquid of P3 applies pressure dorsad to last slab (10), in lower impressions (1-1), charges into the liquid that fluid pressure is P4, and P4 is less than P, P-P4 is designated as Δ P ₄, Δ P wherein ₄Span be 1MPa～100MPa, fluid pressure is that the liquid of P4 applies pressure dorsad to following slab (9).

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