CN102791213B - 使用多面光学元件的多光斑激光外科手术探头 - Google Patents
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Abstract
光学外科手术探头包括手柄、位于手柄内的光导和手柄的远端处的多光斑发生器。手柄被构造为与光源光学耦合。光导被构造为从光源向手柄的远端传送光束。多光斑发生器包括具有与光导的远端分开的多面端表面的多面光学元件。多面端表面包括相对光束的路径倾斜的至少一个小面。
Description
相关申请
本发明要求于2009年12月10日提交的序号为61/285,400的美国临时申请的优先权,该美国临时申请的内容以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及光学外科手术探头,更具体地讲,涉及使用多面光学元件的多光斑激光外科手术探头。
背景技术
光学外科手术探头针对各种应用向外科手术区传递光。在一些应用中,向外科手术区中的多个地点传递光是有用的。例如,在视网膜组织的全视网膜光凝固中,希望向多个地点传递激光以减小全视网膜光凝固处理过程的时间。已经采用了多种技术来生成用于实现多光斑图案的多个光束。例如,一种方案使用衍射元件以将入射光束分割成多个光斑。然而,还希望具有多光斑发生器,它能够安置在光学外科手术探头的远端从而更易于从单个输入光束生成多个光斑,由此多光斑发生器能够更易于与现有激光源一起使用而不需要将激光外科手术探头与激光源进行对准的额外部件。
在光学外科手术探头的远端使用衍射元件会引起多个难题。作为一个例子,衍射元件生成大量的较高衍射级,并且尽管这些衍射级与主光斑图案相比光强相对较低,但是在效果方面并不可以总是忽略它们。作为另一个例子,衍射元件不可以在不同折射介质中同样执行。例如,如果衍射元件安置到非空气的介质(例如,盐溶液或油)中,则衍射元件之间的空间能够填充折射率与空气不同的材料,这会破坏光斑图案。作为另一个例子,光斑之间的间隔对于不同波长能够变化,从而当瞄准光束是一定颜色而治疗光束是另一种颜色时出现问题。最后,衍射元件通常昂贵并且难于生产,尤其是在当衍射元件必须被构造为安装到小区域(例如,23号(23-gauge)或更小的外科手术设备的外科手术探头的远端)时的情况下。因此,需要能够在外科手术探头的远端使用光学元件在目标区生成多个光斑的光学外科手术探头。
发明内容
在本发明的具体实施例中,光学外科手术探头包括手柄、位于手柄内的光导和手柄的远端处的多光斑发生器。手柄被构造为与光源光耦合。光导被构造为从光源向手柄的远端传送光。多光斑发生器包括具有与光导的远端分离的多面端表面的多面光学元件。多面端表面包括至少一个相对光束的路径倾斜的小面(facet)。在各个实施例中,多面端表面可以是凸起或凹陷的。在本发明的一些实施例中,多光斑发生器还包括聚焦元件(例如,梯度折射率(gradient index,GRIN)透镜或蓝宝石球透镜)。在一些实施例中,在光学粘合剂中形成多面端表面,并且多光斑发生器可以包括多种光学粘合剂材料。
在本发明的特定实施例中,制造多光斑光学外科手术探头的方法包括在手柄的套管内沉积光学粘合剂。形成有套管的手柄包括被构造为从光源通过手柄传送光束的至少一个光导。该方法还包括使光学粘合剂成型以生成多面表面。该方法还包括固化光学粘合剂。该方法还包括组装套管与手柄以形成在手柄的远端包括光学粘合剂的多光斑发生器。在各个实施例中,可以在聚焦元件(例如,GRIN透镜或蓝宝石球透镜)上或围绕聚焦元件形成光学粘合剂。在一些实施例中,还可以使用多种光学粘合剂材料。
通过参照附图以及附图和权利要求的下面描述,本发明的其它目标、特征和优点将变得清楚。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的特定实施例的包括多光斑发生器的光学外科手术探头的手柄的远端;
图2示出了根据本发明的特定实施例的另一个多光斑发生器;
图3示出了根据本发明的特定实施例的又一个多光斑发生器;
图4是示出制造根据本发明的特定实施例的多光斑光学外科手术探头的示例方法的流程图;以及
图5是示出制造根据本发明的特定实施例的多光斑光学外科手术探头的另一个示例方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的特定实施例的包括套管101中的多光斑发生器102的光学外科手术探头的手柄100的远端,术语“远端”是指沿探头100朝目标区的方向并且它的反义词“近端”是指相反方向。在所示的实施例中,多光斑发生器102包括近端多面光学元件104和远端多面光学元件106。为了本说明书的说明,“多面”是指具有由多个子表面(小面)形成从而使得这些小面之间的相交不平滑的端表面的任何光学元件。这些小面可以是但不一定必须是平面。例如,小面可以是与另一个子表面相交的弯曲子表面,从而使得在子表面的相交部分的弯曲不平滑;这些实施例可以提供光学聚焦能力。
光导108向近端多面光学元件104的近端平面传递光束。尽管在理论上光导108可以是用于向手柄100的远端传送光的任何合适结构,但是光纤最广泛应用于外科手术应用中。从光导108发出的光束的中心轴称作“光束路径”。随着光束传播离开光导108,光束在一定程度上发散,发散的程度取决于耦合到光导108的光束的数值孔径。针对这个原因,多面光学元件的多面光学表面与光导108的远端间隔开,从而使得发散光束的多个部分被折射到不同位置。在本发明的各种实施例中,至少一个小面被定向为在该小面的中心与一个小面垂直的方向不与发射的光束的光束路径平行。本文中这些小面被描述为“相对光束路径倾斜”。
多面光学元件104和106均具有不同折射率,从而当离开光导108的光束发散时,近端光学元件104的凹多面表面与远端光学元件106的凸多面表面之间的多面界面生成从远端多面光学元件106的远端平面表面出现的多个光斑。在上下文中,“凹”和“凸”是指沿光束路径从光学元件向外或向内形成多面表面。根据远端多面光学元件106和外科手术探头所插入的介质的相对折射率,当各个光斑从光学元件106的远端表面进入介质时光斑可以进一步发散。例如,在外科手术探头被设计为用于盐溶液的特定例子中,近端多面光学元件104可以具有1.36的折射率而远端多面光学元件可以具有1.58的折射率,假设小面与光束路径之间的角度在35到55度的范围内,这能够对于大约4毫米远的目标生成间隔在毫米量级的光斑。
在所示的实施例中,光学元件104和106均具有相对光束路径倾斜的四个三角形小面,这些三角形小面在与来自光导的光束的中心对齐的点处汇合,从而多光斑发生器102生成四个输出光斑。然而,在理论上,可以调整小面的数目和形状以生成输出光斑的期望图案。例如,小面的数目可以增加。在另一个例子中,与光束路径垂直的中心平面小面与周围倾斜角度的各个小面一起生成由多个光斑环绕的中心光斑。
多面光学元件104和106可有利地由光学粘合剂形成。使用光学粘合剂形成多面光学元件具有几个技术优点。一个优点在于,可以从大量的可用材料选择多面光学元件104和106的折射率。另一个优点在于,与难于模塑、蚀刻、切割或机加工成合适形状的较硬折射材料相比较,相对容易形成多面表面。第三个优点在于,与相对易碎的其它光学元件(例如,衍射光栅)相比较,光学粘合剂材料相对更加耐用。第四个优点在于,可以在其它光学部件周围形成光学粘合剂,从而使得光学粘合剂与其它光学部件一起工作以生成多光斑图案。
作为如何能够在另一个光学部件周围形成多面光学元件的一个例子,图2示出了根据本发明的特定实施例的包括围绕球透镜206形成的多面光学元件204的多光斑发生器202。球透镜206的主要功能在于聚焦入射光束从而入射光束或者被准直或者在球透镜206的远端上会聚。球透镜206可以是由任何折射材料形成的任何球形或近球形透镜,用于通过该透镜传送来自光源的光。为了聚焦成准直或会聚光束,球透镜的折射率应该大于周围粘合剂介质的折射率。一个例子是蓝宝石球透镜,可见光折射率大致为1.76并且较低的粘合剂折射率是1.57-1.58。在所示的实施例中,多面光学元件204的凸起多面端表面208被布置为朝向光导108,多面端表面208与光导108的远端间隔开。发射的光束的多个部分然后由多面光学元件204折射成多个光斑,并且这些光斑传播通过球透镜206,从多面光学元件204的平面远端表面出射。在另外实施例中,多面端表面208可以是凹陷的。球透镜206可以在一定程度上对引导至各个光斑的光束进行会聚以生成当与手柄100的端部的距离增加时不会迅速扩散的多光斑图案,这又使得多光斑图案具有更加一致的光斑间隔(尽管手柄100的远端与目标区之间的间隔出现轻微变化)。
另一个实施例包括近端聚焦透镜和多面光学元件的多面表面。图3示出了包括近端多面光学元件304、远端多面光学元件306和圆柱梯度折射率(GRIN)透镜308的多光斑发生器302的例子。从光导108发出的光束被扩束并且然后由GRIN透镜308进行准直或会聚。准直或收敛的光束然后进入近端多面光学元件304的平面近端表面,并且准直或会聚光束然后进入近端多面光学元件304的平面近端表面,当准直或会聚光束的多个部分穿过多面光学元件304和306的多面表面之间的界面时,准直或会聚光束的多个部分被折射成多个光斑。如在先前描述的实施例中,这生成了从远端光学元件306的平面远端表面发出的多光斑输出光束。由于光束由GRIN透镜进行准直或会聚,所以与图1的实施例相比较而言,多面光学元件304和306的倾斜小面可以与光束路径成更浅角度(例如,在15度到35度的范围内),并且仍可以在目标区的多个光斑之间产生相同程度的扩散。
图4是示出从具有不同折射率的光学粘合剂形成多面光学元件的示例方法的流程图400。在步骤402,第一光学粘合剂沉积在外科手术手柄的套管内。在一个特定例子中,在这个步骤中可以使用中心圆筒把光纤安置到套管内,并且第一光学粘合剂可以直接沉积在光纤的远端上。在另一个例子中,GRIN透镜可以在安置在套管内的位于光导的远端处,并且第一光学粘合剂可以沉积在GRIN透镜的远端上。在步骤404,在光学粘合剂中形成多面表面。例如,具有凸起多面形状的杆可以从套管的远端模制到光学粘合剂以在光学粘合剂中形成凹陷的多面表面。可以使用用于使光学粘合剂成型的任何合适技术,并且特别有利于使用高精度模制技术一致准确地生成粘合剂的多面表面。然后,在步骤406,例如通过曝光紫外(UV)光、热或化学固化剂对第一光学粘合剂进行固化,由此将第一光学粘合剂固化成期望形状并且使得可以去除模制杆。
在步骤408,第二光学粘合剂沉积在先前固化的光学粘合剂的远端表面上。第二光学粘合剂依照第一光学粘合剂的凹陷多面表面以在第二光学粘合剂中形成凸起的多面表面。然后,通过按压模板对第二光学粘合剂的远端表面进行平坦化。或者,例如通过引入封闭模制空间,能够以其它方式控制光学粘合剂的沉积以生成期望形状。在后者情况下,可以根据需要形成两个多面表面。在步骤410中,第二光学粘合剂进行固化以将其硬化成期望形状。不同固化处理过程可用于第一和第二光学粘合剂。例如,如果粘合剂进行光固化,则用于固化第一粘合剂的光的波长可与用于固化第二粘合剂的波长不同,从而将第一粘合剂过度曝光给固化辐射没有负面效果。在光固化粘合剂的另一个变型例中,用于使第二光学粘合剂成型的模板或其它封闭模具还可以由对固化辐射透明的材料(例如,用于UV固化辐射的石英)形成,从而第二粘合剂可由模板原位进行固化。接下来,在固化以后可以去除模板。在步骤412,具有第一和第二光学粘合剂的套管然后可以组装到外科手术手柄中以完成该方法。
图5是示出根据本发明的另一个实施例的用于在另一个光学元件周围形成多面光学元件的示例方法的流程图500。在步骤502,光学粘合剂围绕球透镜沉积在模板上。在步骤504,围绕球透镜形成的光学粘合剂被压入套管的远端。模板可以包括便于与套管对齐的套管导件。由于光学粘合剂被压入套管,所以多余光学粘合剂被强迫挤到套管之外,从而通过足够仔细控制沉积的粘合剂的量,最终套管内将具有一致和准确量的光学粘合剂。
在步骤506,在光学粘合剂的近端上形成多面表面。该多面表面可以是凸起或凹陷的。例如,可以使用在插入套管的近端的、端部具有互补多面表面的杆形成该多面表面。在步骤508,光学粘合剂进行固化,将光学粘合剂硬化成期望形状并且使得可以去除模制杆和模板。在步骤510,手柄与套管进行组装,完成该方法。
本文举例示出了本发明,并且本领域普通技术人员可以执行各种变型。尽管详细描述了本发明,但是应该明白,在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下可以对此执行各种改变、替代和替换。
Claims (19)
1.一种光学外科手术探头,包括:
手柄,该手柄被构造为与光源光学耦合;
位于手柄内的至少一个光导,该至少一个光导被构造为从光源向手柄的远端传送光束;
位于手柄的远端的多光斑发生器,该多光斑发生器包括具有与光导的远端分开的多面端表面的多面光学元件,所述多面端表面包括相对光束的路径倾斜一定角度的平面小面,
其中,所述多光斑发生器还包括位于所述多面光学元件内的球对称的球透镜,所述多光斑发生器被构造为把光束分成多个光束分量并且把所述光束分量重新引导到多个分开的光斑。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光学外科手术探头,其中,所述多面光学元件具有凹陷的多面表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光学外科手术探头,其中,所述多面光学元件具有凸起的多面表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光学外科手术探头,其中,所述多光斑发生器还包括位于所述至少一个光导与所述多面光学元件之间的梯度折射率(GRIN)透镜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光学外科手术探头,其中,所述多面光学元件包括多面光学粘合剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的光学外科手术探头,其中,所述多面光学粘合剂是具有第一折射率的第一多面光学粘合剂,并且多光斑发生器还包括具有与第一折射率不同的第二折射率的第二多面光学粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的光学外科手术探头,其中,第一多面光学粘合剂具有凹陷的多面表面,并且第二多面光学粘合剂具有与第一光学粘合剂的凹陷的多面表面接触的凸起的多面表面。
8.根据权利要求1所述的光学外科手术探头,其中,所述光源包括激光器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的光学外科手术探头,其中,手柄被构造为在光耦合到生成第一波长的光的第一光源与光耦合到生成与第一波长不同的第二波长的光的第二光源之间进行切换,其中,第一和第二波长中的至少一个是可见的。
10.根据权利要求1所述的光学外科手术探头,其中,手柄的远端的尺寸为23号或更小。
11.一种制造多光斑光学外科手术探头的方法,包括:
将光学粘合剂沉积在包括被构造为从光源通过手柄传送光束的至少一个光导的手柄的套管内;
使光学粘合剂成型以生成多面表面,所述多面表面具有相对光束的路径倾斜一定角度的平面小面;
固化光学粘合剂;以及
将套管与手柄进行组装以形成在手柄的远端包括光学粘合剂的多光斑发生器,
其中所述多光斑发生器被构造成把光束分成多个光束分量并且把所述光束分量重新引导到多个分开的光斑。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括使光学粘合剂在球透镜周围成型。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中:
光学粘合剂是具有第一折射率的第一光学粘合剂;以及
所述方法还包括:
在第一光学粘合剂的多面表面上沉积具有与第一折射率不同的第二折射率的第二光学粘合剂;以及
固化第二光学粘合剂。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,使光学粘合剂成型的步骤包括通过插入到套管内的模制杆对光学粘合剂进行模制。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述手柄的远端的尺寸为23号或更小。
16.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述多面表面是凸起的多面表面。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述多面表面是凹陷的多面表面。
18.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述手柄包括位于所述至少一个光导与所述多光斑发生器之间的梯度折射率(GRIN)透镜。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,多面粘合剂具有相对光束的路径倾斜的至少一个小面。
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WO2011071776A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
TW201125531A (en) | 2011-08-01 |
AR082752A1 (es) | 2013-01-09 |
US9572479B2 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
CA2781677A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
EP2509525A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
US20110141759A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
RU2012128828A (ru) | 2014-01-20 |
US8764261B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
US20170112573A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
RU2540913C2 (ru) | 2015-02-10 |
MX2012006536A (es) | 2012-07-17 |
CN102791213A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
CA2781677C (en) | 2017-07-11 |
AU2010328437A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
BR112012013750A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
AU2010328437B2 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
EP2509525B1 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
ES2557883T3 (es) | 2016-01-29 |
KR20120104298A (ko) | 2012-09-20 |
TWI522081B (zh) | 2016-02-21 |
EP2509525A4 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
US10660704B2 (en) | 2020-05-26 |
JP2013513430A (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
PH12012501167A1 (en) | 2015-06-24 |
KR101689250B1 (ko) | 2016-12-23 |
JP5753186B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
US20140250668A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
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