CN102791183B - 由可膨胀的聚合物构成的栓塞装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于阻塞体腔,诸如栓塞脉管动脉瘤等的装置和用于制备和使用这样的装置的方法。所述装置可包含新颖的可膨胀的材料、新颖的下部结构设计,或两者。所提供的装置具是非常柔性的和能够安置而对机体组织、管道、腔室等损害减少甚或没有损害。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2009年10月26日提交的题为“由可膨胀的聚合物构成的栓塞装置”的美国临时申请序号61/254,962的优先权,该临时申请在此通过参考结合于本文中。
发明领域
本发明涉及用于阻塞体腔,诸如脉管动脉瘤的栓塞等的装置和制备及使用这样的装置的方法。
发明背景
在许多临床情形下,通过栓塞阻塞体腔、血管和其他腔管是需要的。例如,用于绝育的目的而阻塞输卵管和阻塞修复心脏缺损,诸如卵圆孔未闭、动脉导管未闭和左心耳和房间隔缺损。在这样的情形下,为了患者的治疗益处,阻塞装置的功能基本上是阻碍或抑制体液流进或流过腔室、腔管、脉管、空间或缺损处。
在许多临床情形下,血管的栓塞也是需要的。例如,血管栓塞已经被用于控制血管流血、阻塞通向肿瘤的血供和阻塞脉管动脉瘤,特别是颅内动脉瘤。近年来,用于治疗动脉瘤的血管栓塞已经备受关注。在先技术中已经显示多个不同的治疗方式(treatment modalities)。已经显示有前景的一种方法是使用形成血栓的微线圈(thrombogenic microcoils)。这些微线圈可由生物相容性金属合金(典型地为不透射线的材料,诸如铂或钨)或适宜的聚合物制备。在以下专利中公开了微线圈的实例:美国专利号4,994,069--Ritchart等;美国专利号5,133,731--Butler等;美国专利号5,226,911--Chee等;美国专利号5,312,415--Palermo;美国专利号5,382,259--Phelps等;美国专利号5,382,260--Dormandy,
Jr.等;美国专利号5,476,472--Dormandy,
Jr.等;美国专利号5,578,074--Mirigian;美国专利号5,582,619--Ken;美国专利号5,624,461--Mariant;美国专利号5,645,558--Horton;美国专利号5,658,308--Snyder;和美国专利号5,718,711--Berenstein等;所有这些专利文献通过参考结合于本文。
已经实现衡量成功的微线圈的具体类型是Guglielmi 可拆线圈 (Guglielmi
Detachable Coil) ("GDC"),其描述于美国专利号5,122,136--Guglielmi等。GDC采用通过焊接连接方式固定至不锈钢传递丝(delivery wire)的铂丝线圈。在将线圈置于动脉瘤内之后,施加电流至传递丝,其电解(electrolytically disintegrates)焊接接头,由此使线圈与传递丝分离。电流的施用也在线圈上产生正电荷,其吸引荷负电的血细胞、血小板和纤维蛋白原,由此增加线圈的致血栓性(thrombogenicity)。可将几种不同直径和长度的线圈装进动脉瘤中,直至将动脉瘤完全填满。因而,线圈在动脉瘤内引起并保持住血栓,抑制其转移和其破碎。
微线圈血管阻塞装置领域中最近的发展以Greene, Jr.等的美国专利号6,299,619、Greene, Jr.等的美国专利号6,602,261和Martinez的同时待审的美国专利申请号10/631,981为例证;所有这些专利赋予本发明的受让人并通过参考结合于本文。这些专利公开包括微线圈与配置在线圈外表面上的一个或多个可膨胀的元件的血管阻塞装置。可膨胀的元件可由任何的许多可膨胀的聚合水凝胶的任一种形成,或者作为选择由应答于环境参数(如,温度或pH)的变化(当暴露于生理环境,诸如血流中时)而膨胀的环境敏感性聚合物形成。
本发明是一种新颖的血管阻塞装置、一种新颖的可膨胀元件,及其组合。
发明简述
本发明涉及新的血管阻塞装置,其包括载体部件(carrier member)、一个或多个新颖的可膨胀元件,及其组合。一般地,可膨胀的一个或多个元件包括可膨胀的聚合物。该载体部件可被用于帮助递送可膨胀的元件,其通过,在一些实施方案中,提供使其偶联至递送装置,而在一些实施方案中,增强装置的射线不透性的结构实现。
在一个实施方案中,可膨胀的聚合物是环境敏感性聚合水凝胶,诸如在2005年4月12日授权于Cruise等的美国专利号6,878,384 (通过参考结合于本文)中描述的。在另一个实施方案中,可膨胀的聚合物是新的水凝胶,其包含丙烯酸钠和聚(乙二醇)衍生物。在另一个实施方案中,可膨胀的聚合物是包含Pluronics®衍生物的水凝胶。
在一个实施方案中,可膨胀的聚合物是具有可电离的官能团的新的水凝胶,并由大分子单体制备。大分子单体可为非离子性的和/或烯属不饱和的(ethylenically
unsaturated)。
在一个实施方案中,大分子单体可具有的分子量为约400至约35,000克/摩尔。在另一个实施方案中,大分子单体可具有的分子量为约5,000至约15,000克/摩尔。在又一个实施方案中,大分子单体可具有的分子量为约7,500至约12,000克/摩尔。在一个实施方案中,大分子单体可具有的分子量为8,000克/摩尔。
在一个实施方案中,水凝胶可由聚醚、聚氨酯、其衍生物,或其组合制备。在另一个实施方案中,可电离的官能团可包括碱性基团(如,胺、其衍生物,其组合)或酸性基团(如,羧酸类、其衍生物,或其组合)。如果可电离的官能团包含碱性基团,则碱性基团可在大于所述碱性基团pKa的pHs下被去质子化或在小于所述碱性基团pKa的pHs下被质子化。如果可电离的官能团包含酸性基团,则酸性基团可在小于所述酸性基团pKa的pHs下被质子化或在大于所述酸性基团pKa的pHs下被去质子化。
在一个实施方案中,大分子单体可包含乙烯基、丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰胺,或聚(乙二醇)的甲基丙烯酸盐衍生物,或其组合。在另一个实施方案中,大分子单体可包含聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺。在另一个实施方案中,水凝胶基本上没有,更优选没有未结合的丙烯酰胺。
在一个实施方案中,大分子单体可与含至少两个烯属不饱和的部分的化合物交联。烯属不饱和的化合物的实例包括N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、其衍生物,或其组合。在另一个实施方案中,可采用聚合引发剂制备水凝胶。适宜的聚合引发剂的实例包括N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、过硫酸铵、偶氮双异丁腈、过氧化苯甲酰、其衍生物,或其组合。聚合引发剂可为在水性或有机溶剂中可溶解的。例如,偶氮双异丁腈不是水溶性的;然而,偶氮双异丁腈的水溶性衍生物,诸如2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丙脒(methylproprionamidine))二盐酸盐是可获得的。在另一个实施方案中,水凝胶在生理条件下基本上可为非可再吸收的、非可降解的或两者兼具。
在一个实施方案中,本发明包括制备用于植入动物的环境响应的水凝胶的方法。该方法包括将至少一个,优选非离子性大分子单体与至少一个烯属不饱和部分、至少一个具有至少一个可电离的官能团和至少一个烯属不饱和部分的大分子单体或单体、至少一个聚合引发剂和至少一种溶剂合并以形成水凝胶。所述溶剂可包括水性或有机溶剂,或其组合。在另一个实施方案中,溶剂是水。接下来,可处理水凝胶以制备环境响应的水凝胶,优选是在生理条件下响应的水凝胶。可电离的官能团可为酸性基团(如,羧酸、其衍生物,或其组合)或碱性基团(如,胺、其衍生物,或其组合)。如果可电离的官能团包含酸性基团,则处理步骤可包括在酸性环境中培育水凝胶以使酸性基团质子化。如果可电离的官能团包含碱性基团,则处理步骤可包括在碱性环境中培育水凝胶以使碱性基团去质子化。在某些实施方案中,优选的是,在植入动物体后,能使酸性基团去质子化,或者,反过来,能使碱性基团质子化。
在一个实施方案中,烯属不饱和的大分子单体可具有乙烯基、丙烯酸根、甲基丙烯酸根或丙烯酰胺基团,包括其衍生物或其组合。在另一个实施方案中,烯属不饱和的大分子单体基于聚(乙二醇)、其衍生物,或其组合。在另一个实施方案中,烯属不饱和的大分子单体是聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺、聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酸盐、聚(乙二醇)双-甲基丙烯酸盐、其衍生物,或其组合。在另一个实施方案中,烯属不饱和的大分子单体是聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺。可按以重量计约5%至约40%,更优选约20%-约30%重量的浓度使用烯属不饱和的大分子单体。可按约20%-约80%重量的浓度使用溶剂。
在一个实施方案中,合并的步骤也包括添加包括烯属不饱和的化合物的至少一种交联剂。在本发明的某些实施方案中,交联剂可以不是必需的。换言之,可采用具有多个烯属不饱和部分的大分子单体制备水凝胶。在另一个实施方案中,聚合引发剂可为还原-氧化聚合引发剂。在另一个实施方案中,聚合引发剂可为N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、过硫酸铵、偶氮双异丁腈、过氧化苯甲酰、2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丙脒)二盐酸盐、其衍生物,或其组合。在另一个实施方案中,合并的步骤还包括添加成孔剂(porosigen)。
在一个实施方案中,烯属不饱和的大分子单体包括聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺、具有至少一个可电离的基团和至少一个烯属不饱和的基团包括丙烯酸钠的大分子单体或单体或聚合物,聚合引发剂包括过硫酸铵和N,N,N,’,N’四甲基乙二胺,而溶剂包括水。
在一个实施方案中,烯属不饱和的大分子单体具有的分子量为约400至约35,000克/摩尔。在另一个实施方案中,烯属不饱和的大分子单体具有的分子量为约5,000至约15,000克/摩尔。在一个实施方案中,烯属不饱和的大分子单体具有的分子量为约7,500至约12,000克/摩尔。在另一个实施方案中,环境响应的水凝胶在生理条件下基本上是非可再吸收的或非可降解的或两者兼具。在某些实施方案中,环境响应的水凝胶可基本上没有或完全没有非结合的丙烯酰胺。
在一个实施方案中,载体部件包括由金属、塑料或类似的材料制备的线圈或微线圈。在另一个实施方案中,载体部件包括由金属、塑料或类似的材料制备的编织物(braid)或针织物(knit)。在另一个实施方案中,载体部件包括由具有进入管中的多重刻痕(multiple cuts)或凹槽刻痕(grooves cut)的塑料或金属管。
在一个实施方案中,可膨胀的元件在载体部件内一般按照同轴方式(co-axially)排列。在另一个实施方案中,抗拉伸部件(stretch resistant member)平行于可膨胀的元件排列。在另一个实施方案中,抗拉伸部件环绕可膨胀的元件包绕、打结或缠绕。在另一个实施方案中,将抗拉伸部件置于可膨胀的元件之内。在另一个实施方案中,抗拉伸部件定位于可膨胀的元件之内或部分由可膨胀的元件环绕。
在一个实施方案中,包括可膨胀的元件和载体部件的装置被可分离地偶联至递送系统。在另一个实施方案中,装置被成形(configured)为通过推注或注射经导管进入体内而用于递送。
在一个实施方案中,当暴露于体液中时,可膨胀的元件为环境敏感的并展示出延时的膨胀。在另一个实施方案中,在一旦与体液接触时,可膨胀的元件快速地膨胀。在另一个实施方案中,可膨胀的元件包含可形成用于细胞生长的表面或支架的多孔或网状结构。
在一个实施方案中,可膨胀的元件膨胀至大于载体部件直径的尺寸,以提供增强的填充缺损作用。在另一个实施方案中,可膨胀的元件膨胀至等于或小于载体部件直径的尺寸,以提供细胞生长的支架、释放治疗剂,诸如药物、蛋白、基因、生物化合物,诸如纤维蛋白等。
附图简述
图1是显示可膨胀的元件膨胀前的本发明的一个实施方案的透视图;
图2是显示类似于图1的装置处于膨胀状态时的透视图;
图3是本发明备选的实施方案的透视图;
图4是备选的实施方案的透视图,其中的载体部件包括有孔的管、编织物或针织物;
图5是并入与可膨胀的元件近似平行的连续的抗拉伸部件的备选实施方案的透视图;
图6是并入与可膨胀的元件近似缠绕的抗拉伸部件的备选实施方案的透视图;
图7是备选的实施方案的透视图,其中的可膨胀的元件已经在载体部件外形成环圈或折叠。
图8是备选的实施方案的透视图,显示类似于在图1和图2中显示的那些装置,其中的可膨胀的元件不膨胀至大于载体部件的直径。
图9是实施方案的侧视图,显示类似于在图1和图2中显示的那些装置。
图10是图9的装置的分解透视图。
图11是连接至递送装置的图9装置的侧视图。
图12是依据本发明的植入物的优选实施方案的侧视图。
图13是依据本发明的植入物的优选实施方案的侧视图。
发明详述
如在本文使用的,术语“大分子单体“指的是含至少一个活性聚合位点或结合位点的大分子。大分子单体具有比单体更大的分子量。例如,丙烯酰胺单体具有的分子量为71.08克/摩尔,而聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺大分子单体可具有的分子量为约400克/摩尔或更大。优选的大分子单体为非离子性的,即它们在所有pHs下不荷电。
如在本文使用的,术语“环境响应的”指的是对环境,包括但不限于pH、温度和压力的变化敏感的材料(如,水凝胶)。适宜用于本发明的许多可膨胀的材料在生理条件下为环境响应的。
如在本文使用的,术语“非可再吸收的”指的是不能容易地和/或基本上被肌体组织降解和/或吸收的材料(如,水凝胶)。
如在本文使用的,术语“未膨胀的”指的是水凝胶基本上不水合的、不膨胀的状态。
如在本文使用的,术语“烯属不饱和的”指的是含至少一个碳-碳双键的化学实体(如,大分子单体、单体或聚合物)。
参考图1-8,该装置包括可膨胀的元件1和载体部件2。可从多种适宜的生物相容的聚合物制备可膨胀的元件1。在一个实施方案中,可膨胀的元件1由生物可吸收或生物可降解的聚合物,诸如那些在美国专利号7,070,607和6,684,884中描述的聚合物制备,这些专利的公开内容通过参考结合于本文。在另一个实施方案中,可膨胀的元件1由软的保形材料,且更优选由可膨胀的材料,诸如水凝胶制备。
在一个实施方案中,形成可膨胀的元件1的材料是环境响应的水凝胶,诸如在美国专利号6,878,384中描述的,其公开内容通过参考结合于本文。特别地,在美国专利号6,878,384中描述的水凝胶是经历应答于此类环境参数如pH或温度的变化的受控体积膨胀的类型。通过形成液体混合物制备这些水凝胶,所述混合物含(a) 至少一个单体和/或聚合物,其至少一部分对环境参数的变化敏感;(b) 交联剂;和(c)聚合引发剂。如果需要,可将成孔剂(如,NaCl、冰晶或蔗糖)添加至混合物中,然后从得到的固体水凝胶除去,以提供具有足够多孔性以允许细胞向内生长的水凝胶。通过掺入具有可电离的官能团(如,胺、羧酸)的烯属不饱和单体提供膨胀的控制速率。例如,如果将丙烯酸掺入交联网络中,在低pH溶液中培育水凝胶以使羧酸基团质子化。在漂洗掉多余的低pH溶液和水凝胶干燥之后,可通过填充了生理pH的盐水或血液的微导管导入水凝胶。在羧酸基团去质子化之前水凝胶不会膨胀。相反,如果将含胺-的单体掺入交联网络中,在高pH溶液中培育水凝胶以使胺去质子化。在漂洗掉多余的高pH溶液和水凝胶干燥之后,可通过填充了生理pH的盐水或血液的微导管导入水凝胶。在胺基团质子化之前水凝胶不会膨胀。
在另一个实施方案中,形成可膨胀的元件1的材料可为环境响应的水凝胶,与在美国专利号6,878,384中所描述的类似;然而,烯属不饱和的且优选非离子的大分子单体替代或增加至少一个单体或聚合物。申请人已经惊奇地发现,依据该实施方案制备的水凝胶与依据美国专利号6,878,384所制备的那些水凝胶相比,在其未膨胀状态可为更柔软的和/或更具柔韧性。申请人也已经发现,烯属不饱和的和非离子的大分子单体(如,聚(乙二醇)及其衍生物)可不仅用于制备更柔软的未膨胀的水凝胶;而且,与含可电离的基团的单体或聚合物组合,也可处理所述大分子单体以制备具有环境响应性的水凝胶。未膨胀的柔韧性的令人惊奇地增加能够使得水凝胶,例如,更易于在动物中展开或展开时对机体组织、管道、腔室等的损伤减少甚或没有损伤。
自非离子性大分子单体与具可电离的官能团的单体或聚合物组合制备的水凝胶还能经历应答于环境参数的变化的受控的体积膨胀。通过在存在溶剂下合并以下材料可制备这些水凝胶:(a) 至少一种,优选非离子性的具有多个烯属不饱和部分的大分子单体;(b) 具有至少一个可电离的官能团和至少一个烯属不饱和部分的大分子单体或聚合物或单体;和(c)
聚合引发剂。值得注意的是,制备该类水凝胶,对于交联,交联剂可以不是必须的,因为在某些实施方案中,选择的组分可足以形成水凝胶。如上文描述的,可将成孔剂添加至所述混合物中,然后从得到的水凝胶中移除,以提供具有足够多孔性而允许细胞向内生长的水凝胶。
可通过掺入至少一个具有至少一个可电离的官能团(如,胺、羧酸)的大分子单体或聚合物或单体,提供含非离子性大分子单体-的水凝胶受控膨胀率。如上讨论的,如果官能团是酸,则在低pH溶液中培育水凝胶以使该基团质子化。在漂洗掉多余的低pH溶液和干燥水凝胶之后,可通过优选填充了盐水的微导管导入水凝胶。水凝胶在酸性基团去质子化之前不会膨胀。相反,如果官能团是胺,则在高pH溶液中培育水凝胶以使该基团去质子化。在漂洗掉多余的高pH溶液和干燥水凝胶之后,可通过优选填充了盐水的微导管导入水凝胶。水凝胶在胺质子化之前不会膨胀。
更具体地,在一个实施方案中,通过合并至少一个具有至少一个不饱和部分的非离子性大分子单体、至少一个具有至少一个可电离的官能团和至少一个烯属不饱和部分的大分子单体或单体或聚合物、至少一个聚合引发剂和溶剂,制备水凝胶。任选地,也可掺入烯属不饱和的交联剂和/或成孔剂。在一个实施方案中,在溶剂中的非离子性大分子单体的浓度范围从约5%至约60% (w/w)。在另一个实施方案中,在溶剂中的非离子性大分子单体的浓度范围从约20%至约30% (w/w)。在一个实施方案中,在溶剂中的非离子性大分子单体的浓度范围为约25% (w/w)。在一个实施方案中,非离子性大分子单体是聚(乙二醇)、其衍生物及其组合。衍生物包括,但不限于聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺、聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酸盐和聚(乙二醇)二甲基丙烯酸盐。聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺是优选的聚(乙二醇)的衍生物并且所具有的分子量范围从约8,500克/摩尔至约12,000克/摩尔。大分子单体可具有少于20个聚合位点,更优选少于10个聚合位点,更优选约5个或更少的聚合位点且更优选从约2个至约4个聚合位点。聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺具有2个聚合位点。
具有至少一个可电离官能团的优选的大分子单体或聚合物或单体包括,但不限于具有羧酸或氨基部分,或其衍生物,或其组合的化合物。丙烯酸钠是优选的含可电离官能团的化合物并具有94.04 g/摩尔的分子量。在一个实施方案中,在溶剂中的可电离的大分子单体或聚合物或单体的浓度范围从约5%至约60% (w/w)。在另一个实施方案中,在溶剂中的可电离的大分子单体或聚合物或单体的浓度范围从约20%至约30% (w/w)。在一个实施方案中,在溶剂中的可电离的大分子单体或聚合物或单体的浓度为约27% (w/w)。在一些实施方案中,所选择的至少约10%-50%的可电离的大分子单体或聚合物或单体应该是pH敏感的。在其他的实施方案中,所选择的至少约10%-30%的可电离的大分子单体或聚合物或单体应该是pH敏感的。在一个实施方案中,在本发明的含大分子单体的水凝胶中没有使用游离的丙烯酰胺。
在使用时,交联剂可为任何多官能团的烯属不饱和化合物,优选N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺。如果需要水凝胶材料的生物降解,可选择生物可降解的交联剂。交联剂在溶剂中的浓度应该小于约1% w/w,且优选小于约0.1% (w/w)。
如上所描述的,如果添加溶剂,可基于所使用的大分子单体或单体或聚合物、交联剂和/或成孔剂的溶解度选择溶剂。如果使用液体大分子单体或单体或聚合物溶液,溶剂可以不是必需的。优选的溶剂是水,但是可使用多种水性和有机溶剂。在一个实施方案中,溶剂的浓度范围从约20%至约80% (w/w)。在另一个实施方案中,溶剂的浓度范围从约40%至约60% (w/)。
可通过改变大分子单体或单体或聚合物浓度、大分子单体分子量、溶剂浓度,和交联剂浓度(如果使用)控制交联密度。如上所描述的,可经由还原-氧化反应、辐射和/或加热,使水凝胶交联。优选的聚合引发剂的类型是经由还原-氧化反应起作用的类型。适宜的聚合引发剂包括,但不限于N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、过硫酸铵、偶氮双异丁腈、过氧化苯甲酰、2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丙基脒)二盐酸盐、其衍生物或其组合。对于在本发明实施方案中含有的大分子单体的应用而言,过硫酸铵和N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺的组合是优选的聚合引发剂。
在完成聚合后,可用水、醇或其他适宜的洗涤溶液洗涤本发明的水凝胶以去除任何成孔剂、任何未反应的、残留的大分子单体、单体和聚合物和任何未结合的低聚物。优选通过最初用蒸馏水洗涤水凝胶完成该项工作。
可通过使用成孔剂(porosigens),诸如氯化钠、冰晶或蔗糖赋予固体水凝胶多孔性。单体溶液环绕在悬浮液中的固体粒子的聚合和随后从水凝胶去除固体粒子,可提供具有足够多孔性以允许细胞向内生长的水凝胶。优选的成孔剂是粒径小于10微米的氯化钠。在单体溶液中的优选的氯化钠的浓度范围为每g单体溶液从0.2至0.4 g氯化钠。
可通过使存在于如上讨论的水凝胶网络上的可电离官能团质子化或去质子化,制备环境响应的本发明的水凝胶。一旦已经制备水凝胶,并且,如果需要,进行洗涤,可处理水凝胶以制备环境响应的水凝胶。对于其中可电离的官能团是羧酸基团的水凝胶网络,在低pH溶液中培育水凝胶。溶液中的游离质子使在水凝胶网络上的羧酸基团质子化。培育的持续时间和温度以及溶液的pH影响对膨胀率的控制的量。通常,培育的持续时间与膨胀控制的量成正比,而培育溶液pH却与此成反比。
已经确定,培育溶液含水量也影响膨胀控制。在这点上,较高的含水量能够使水凝胶膨胀更大并且被认为增加易于受质子化影响的羧酸基团的数量。对于膨胀率的最大控制,需要最佳的含水量和pH。除了别的以外,膨胀控制影响装置定位/重新定位时间。典型地,约0.1至约30分钟的定位/重新定位时间优选适于依据本发明的水凝胶装置。
在培育后,洗掉多余的处理溶液并使水凝胶材料干燥。已经观察到用低pH溶液处理的水凝胶被干燥至比未处理的水凝胶更小的尺寸。该作用是合意的,因为可通过微导管传递含这些水凝胶的装置。
对于其中的可电离的官能团为胺基团的水凝胶网络而言,在高pH溶液中培育水凝胶。不同于羧酸官能团,去质子化在高pH下发生在水凝胶网络的胺基团上。除了培育溶液pH外,与含羧酸的水凝胶类似地实现培育。换言之,培育的持续时间和温度以及溶液的pH与膨胀控制的量成正比。在培育终止后,洗掉多余的处理溶液并使水凝胶材料干燥。
在优选的实施方案中,可膨胀的元件1是由以下构成的可膨胀的水凝胶:(a) 具有至少两个可交联的基团的至少一个,优选非离子性的、烯属不饱和的大分子单体或单体或聚合物;(b) 至少一个具有至少一个可交联的基团和至少一个对环境参数变化敏感的部分的单体和/或聚合物;和(c) 聚合引发剂。在一些实施方案中,单体和聚合物可为水溶性的,而在其他的实施方案中,它们可为非-水溶性的。对于组分(a)而言,适宜的聚合物包括聚(乙二醇)、聚(环氧乙烷)、聚(乙烯醇)、聚(氧化丙烯)、聚(丙二醇)、聚(环氧乙烷)-共-聚(环氧丙烷)、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、聚(氨基酸)、右旋糖苷、聚(乙基噁唑啉)、聚糖、蛋白、氨基葡聚糖和碳水化合物,及其衍生物。优选的聚合物是聚(乙二醇) (PEG),特别是对于组分(a)而言。或者,可利用部分或完全生物降解的聚合物。
一个实施方案包括在溶剂的存在下,使(a)约5%至约50%的非离子性、烯属不饱和的大分子单体或单体或聚合物;(b)约5%至约60%的具有至少一个可电离官能团的烯属不饱和单体或聚合物;和(c)聚合引发剂合并。适宜的可电离的、烯属不饱和的单体包括丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸,及其衍生物。一个具有至少一个可电离官能团的适宜的单体是丙烯酸钠。具有两个烯属不饱和的部分的、适宜的大分子单体包括聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酸盐和聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺和聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺,其分子量范围在400和30,000克/摩尔之间。使用具有多个烯属不饱和的基团的大分子单体允许消除交联剂,因为交联剂的功能通过多官能聚合物实现。在一个实施方案中,水凝胶包含约5%至约60%的丙烯酸钠、约5%至约50%的聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺。
丙烯酸钠/聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺水凝胶被用于增强前述环境响应的水凝胶的机械性能。因为丙烯酸钠/聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺水凝胶比丙烯酸钠/丙烯酰胺水凝胶(如,在由MicroVention, Aliso Viejo, CA制备的水凝胶栓塞系统 (Hydrogel Embolic
System) (HES)中利用的水凝胶)柔软,掺入其的装置可更具柔韧性。由于HES的相对刚度,MicroVention推荐通过将植入物浸泡入温暖流体中或通入蒸汽使该装置预先软化。此外,在预先软化前由丙烯酰胺制备的装置相对挺直,因为丙烯酰胺-基水凝胶的刚性避免载体部件(对于HES而言,是微线圈)呈现其次级构型。由丙烯酸钠/聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺水凝胶制备的装置可不需要预先软化技术,诸如浸泡入温暖流体,诸如盐水或血液中或暴露于蒸汽,以形成次级构型热定形成为载体部件2或类似的载体部件。因而,在包含例如,丙烯酸钠和聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺的实施方案中,安置于或者如示于例如图1的载体部件2的腔管3内的,或者安置在载体元件,诸如在Martinez ‘981申请或Greene ‘261中显示的那些载体元件上的足够连续的长度的水凝胶,将无需预处理(如暴露于蒸汽、流体或血液)形成预成形(pre-formed into)载体部件的次级构型。此使得该装置更易于使用,因为使得预处理步骤取消且当将该装置安置入患者体内时其可为更安全的,因为更柔软的装置更少可能引起对机能障碍(lesion)的损伤。
实施例
将3 g的丙烯酰胺、1.7 g的丙烯酸、9 mg的双丙烯酰胺、50 mg的N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、15 mg的过硫酸铵和15.9 g水在0.020英寸管中合并和聚合。将管状(tubularized)聚合物从管中移出,以依据美国专利号6,878,384制备水凝胶1。
将4.6 g的聚(乙二醇)双丙烯酰胺、3.3 g的丙烯酸钠、100 mg的N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、25 mg的过硫酸铵和15.9 g水在0.020英寸管中合并和聚合。将管状聚合物从管中移出,以制备依据本发明实施方案的含大分子单体-水凝胶的水凝胶2。
以上的实施例的大的铂微线圈具有0.014英寸外径和0.0025英寸细丝(filar)。小的铂微线圈具有0.010英寸外径和0.002英寸细丝。
将8.3 g的聚(乙二醇)双丙烯酰胺、9.0 g的丙烯酸钠、155 mg的N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、20 mg的过硫酸铵和15.9 g水在0.025英寸管中合并和聚合。将管状聚合物从管中移出,以制备依据本发明实施方案的含大分子单体-水凝胶的水凝胶3。
水凝胶3与水凝胶1和2实施例截然不同。水凝胶3具有相对于水凝胶1而言减低的硬度,且在使用前不再需要预处理。这样的预处理有时可需要浸泡入温暖流体中或通入蒸汽以实现需要的柔韧性。与水凝胶2相比,水凝胶3也允许增加的膨胀。
在另一个实施方案中,单体被用于将部分(moieties)给予可膨胀的元件1,所述元件1适宜于连接生物活性化合物,例如,抗炎剂,诸如皮质类固醇(如泼尼松和地塞米松);或血管扩张剂,诸如氧化亚氮或肼酞嗪;或抗血栓形成剂,诸如阿司匹林和肝素;或其他治疗用化合物、蛋白质,诸如贻贝粘附蛋白(MAPs)、氨基酸,诸如3-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-L-丙氨酸(DOPA)、基因或细胞材料;参见美国专利5,658,308、WO 99/65401、Kui Hwang等的Polymer Preprints 2001,42(2), 147:自含装配模块共聚物的粘合剂部分的合成和特征鉴定(Synthesis
and Characterization of Self-Assembling Block Copolymers Containing Adhesive
Moieties)和WO 00/27445;这些文献的公开通过参考结合于本文。掺入水凝胶材料的部分的实例包括,但不限于羟基、胺和羧酸。
在另一个实施方案中,可通过掺入含例如碘的单体和/或聚合物或掺入不透射线的金属,诸如钽和铂,使可膨胀的元件1变为不透射线的。
在一些实施方案中,载体部件2为柔韧的、伸长的结构。载体部件2的适宜的构型包括螺旋状线圈、编织物和开槽的(slotted)或螺旋切削的管(spiral-cut tubes)。可由任何适宜的生物相容性金属或聚合物,诸如铂、钨、PET、PEEK、特氟纶(Teflon)、镍钛诺(Nitinol)、尼龙(Nylon)、钢等制备载体部件2。载体部件可形成次级构型,诸如螺旋状、盒形、球形、平片环形、J-形、S-形或本领域已知的其他复杂的形状。适当的形状的实例在Horton 5,766,219;Schaefer Appl. No. 10/043,947;和Wallace 6,860,893中公开;所有这些文献通过参考结合于本文。
如前所述,本发明的一些实施方案可包含十分柔软和柔韧的聚合物,以使基本连续长度的可膨胀的元件1将形成类似于最初安置进载体部件2的构型的次级构型,而无需使装置预先软化或使其暴露于血液、流体或蒸汽。
在一些实施方案中,载体部件2结合了至少一个间隙(gap) 7,其尺寸使得可膨胀的元件1通过间隙膨胀(该构型的一个实施方案示于图1-2中)。在其它的实施方案中,载体部件2结合了至少一个间隙7,使得可膨胀的元件1暴露于体液,但是可膨胀的元件1不必通过间隙膨胀(该构型的一个实施方案示于图8中)。在其它的实施方案中,无实质性的间隙结合到载体部件2中。更确切地,允许流体通过装置的末端渗透或通过递送系统内的腔管注入,且可膨胀的元件1膨胀并迫使其路过载体部件2。
在一个示于图1的实施方案中,可膨胀的元件1包含丙烯酰胺或聚(乙二醇)-基可膨胀的水凝胶。载体部件2包含线圈。至少一个间隙7在载体部件2中形成。将可膨胀的元件1安置在由处于通常同轴的构型的载体部件2限定的腔管3之内。通过例如激光、焊接粘结或熔化水凝胶材料本身,在装置11的远端形成顶端4。可膨胀的元件1可从近端连续行进至远端,或其可行至装置的一部分,然后在到达远端或近端或两者之前终止。
作为实例,在一个实施方案中,设置所述装置的尺寸以治疗脑动脉瘤。本领域技术人员将会认识到,用于该实施例中的适宜尺寸可被重新调节(re-scaled)以治疗更大的或更小的损害处。在该实施方案中,可膨胀的元件1在膨胀前为约0.006”- 0.007”,而在膨胀后为约0.02”。可膨胀的元件为例如,大约52%丙烯酸钠、48%的具分子量约8000克/摩尔的聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺。约0.4 g/g的氯化钠(约10微米粒径)被用作成孔剂和约0.6 mg/mL的过硫酸铵和7 mg/mL四甲基乙二胺被用作引发剂。在该实施方案中的载体部件2是直径范围在约0.012”- 0.0125”的微线圈并具有在约0.002”- 0.00225”之间的细丝。在一个实施方案中,载体部件2包含至少一个介于1-3根细丝尺寸长度的间隙7。在另一个实施方案中,载体部件2包含至少一个为约2根细丝长度的间隙7。在一个实施方案中,间隙7的尺寸为约0.0015英寸和0.0075英寸长度之间。在另一个实施方案中,间隙7的尺寸为约0.00225英寸和0.00750英寸长度之间。
将连接器(coupler) 13安置在靠近近端以使植入物11可分离地连接至递送系统或推动或注入通过导管。递送系统的实例在Fitz的同时待审的申请号11/ 212,830、Guglielmi的US6,425,893、Ritchart的US4,994,069、Diaz的US6,063,100和Berenstein的US5,690,666中找到;所述公开通过参考结合于本文。
在该实施方案中,通过配制和混合如前描述的水凝胶材料构造植入物11,以形成可膨胀的元件1。将载体部件2弯曲圈成螺旋状或复杂形式,然后以本领域已知技术对其热定形,以形成次级直径范围从0.5 mm至30 mm和长度范围从5 mm至100 cm。加工后,洗涤和任选酸处理,通过载体部件2的腔管3处理可膨胀的元件1。然后,例如,通过形成一个结,在可膨胀的元件1的远端与载体部件2的远端处打结。粘合剂,诸如紫外光固化粘合剂或环氧树脂,可被用于进一步增强可膨胀的元件1和载体部件2之间的结合,并形成远端尖顶4。或者,可通过,例如,激光焊接或焊球焊接形成顶端。
在一些实施方案中,间隙7的尺寸和膨胀的比率,环圈或折叠12可形成为当可膨胀的元件1 膨胀时的如示于
图7的形状。需要的是,防止这些环圈或折叠12 形成。此可通过或者在将其置于载体部件2内之前或者在可膨胀的元件1的远端固定至载体部件2之后,拉伸可膨胀的元件1而实现。例如,一旦可膨胀的元件1的远端固定至载体部件2,即拉伸可膨胀的元件1,这样在将其置入载体部件2之前,使其0.010”的初始直径减少至约0.006: - 0.007”之间。拉伸后,可修整可膨胀的元件1,以与载体部件2的长度匹配,然后通过,例如,打一个结、用粘合剂结合或本领域已知的其他技术在载体部件2的近端附近结合。
一旦已经构造植入物11,用本领域已知的方法将其与之前描述的递送系统连接。也可将该装置暴露于,例如,电子束或伽马射线,以使可膨胀的元件1交联并控制其膨胀。此在美国专利号6,537,569中描述,所述文献转让于本申请的受让人并通过参考结合于本文。
先前,在先技术的装置(如HES),由于这些装置的相对硬度,其次级尺寸一般被制成比治疗部位的尺寸(即,体积)小1-2 mm的大小。本发明植入物11的增加的柔韧性和总体设计使得植入物11的次级形状被制成与如治疗部位相同的尺寸近似的大小或甚至有时更大。该尺寸安排还使植入物移进或滑出治疗部位的风险降至最低。
在先技术的植入物装置,诸如HES 装置,通常提供使用者约5分钟的再安置时间(repositioning time)。然而,本发明的植入物11增加再安置时间的长度。在一些实施方案中,在加工过程中的再安置时间可增加至约30分钟。在这方面,提供使用者更长的再安置时间,以更好地实现想要的植入物构型。
图2显示类似于示于 图1的在可膨胀的元件1已经穿过间隙7膨胀至比载体部件2大的尺寸之后的植入物的植入物11。
图3显示植入物11,其中多重可膨胀的元件1穿过载体部件2以大致彼此平行地运行。在一个实施方案中,该构型通过将单一的可膨胀的元件1环绕在植入物11的顶端4并将可膨胀的元件1的两端系在载体部件2的近端,形成这种构型。在另一个实施方案中,多股的可膨胀的元件1可沿着载体部件2的长度合并。这些实施方案的构造也可包括拉伸如先前描述的可膨胀的元件1和/或在载体部件2中形成间隙。
图4显示一种实施方案,其中的植入物11包含非-线圈载体部件2。在一个实施方案中,为了形成槽缝(slots)、孔洞(holes)或其他穿孔(fenestrations),通过该穿孔可膨胀的元件1可与体液接触,通过用例如,切削刀片、激光或水力喷射,切削塑料管或塑料薄片,形成载体部件2,所述塑料为例如聚亚酰胺、尼龙、聚酯、聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸、PEEK、特氟纶、碳纤维或热解碳、硅酮或本领域已知的其他聚合物。在该实施方案中的塑料也可包含不透射线的试剂,诸如钨粉、碘或硫酸钡。在另一个实施方案中,通过用,例如,酸刻蚀、激光或水力喷射或本领域已知的其它技术,切削金属,诸如铂、钢、钨、镍钛诺、钽、钛、铬-钴合金等的管或薄片,形成载体部件2。在另一个实施方案中,为了形成穿孔,通过编织、针织或缠绕金属或塑料纤维,形成载体部件2。
图5显示包含载体部件2、可膨胀的元件1和抗拉伸部件10的植入物11。抗拉伸部件10被用于防止在递送和再安置过程中载体部件2拉伸或解旋。抗拉伸部件10可由多种金属或塑料纤维,诸如钢、镍钛诺、PET、PEEK、尼龙、特氟纶、聚乙烯、聚烯烃、聚烯烃弹性体、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸和多种本领域已知的其他缝合材料制得。如由Ken的US6,013,084和Marks的US5,217,484 (此两篇文献通过参考结合于本文)描述的,可通过使抗拉伸部件10的两端与载体部件2的两端连接,构造植入物11。或者,如在Fitz的同时待审的申请号11/ 212,830中描述的,可使抗拉伸部件10的远端连接至接近载体部件2的远端,而抗拉伸部件10的近端连接至递送系统。
图6是备选的实施方案,包含缠绕在可膨胀的元件1、系至可膨胀的元件1或用可膨胀的元件1缠绕的抗拉伸部件10。此可发生在可膨胀的元件1的长度边缘上,或通过采用抗拉伸部件10作为结合元件,可仅在一个区域发生缠绕或系结以促进可膨胀的元件1与载体元件2结合。
图7显示突出载体元件2之外的可膨胀元件1的环圈或折叠 12。在一些实施方案中,可为值得的是,通过例如,拉伸如先前描述的可膨胀的元件1,以避免此情况。此应该例如,在用于穿过小微导管递送的构型的实施方案中进行,以防止植入物11在递送过程中在微导管中被粘贴住。在其它的实施方案中,可将松弛部分(slack)添加至可膨胀的元件1中,这样环圈或折叠将被预成型进入植入物11。此应该在例如,其中需要大量的可测体积的填充物的实施方案中实现,因为环圈或折叠应该趋于增加可膨胀的元件1的总长度。
图8显示一种实施方案,其中可膨胀的元件1被构型以膨胀至大于其初始尺寸但小于载体部件2的外尺寸的尺寸。此可通过调节例如,在实施方案中的PEG双-丙烯酰胺对丙烯酸钠的比率实现,其中的可膨胀的元件1包含水凝胶。或者,相对高剂量的射线能够被用于交联可膨胀的元件1,因而限制其膨胀。当填充是必需时,实施方案,诸如示于
图8的是理想的,且所希望的是具有可膨胀的元件1 提供的用于组织生长和增殖的底物。在用于治疗脑动脉瘤的实施方案中,能将该构型用作“填充”线圈。在一个实施方案中,如先前描述的,可膨胀的元件1包含掺入成孔剂的水凝胶,以提供网状基质,促进细胞生长和康复。如先前描述,在可膨胀的元件1中掺入,例如,生长激素或蛋白质,可进一步提高植入物11引起生物应答的能力。
图9-11阐述了依据本发明的植入物11的另一个优选的实施方案。该植入物总体上的类似于先前描述的实施方案,包括安置在载体部件2之中的可膨胀的元件1。此外,将抗拉伸部件10沿着可膨胀的元件1的纵轴安置并连接至载体部件2的远端。优选将抗拉伸部件10置于可膨胀的元件1内部或被可膨胀的元件1部分环绕。优选地,将抗拉伸部件10围绕载体部件2的近端部分缠绕并连接靠近递送装置20的远端之内的加热器线圈
22,示于 图11。
如最好在图9中所见,载体部件2的近端可包括盘绕的区域,其具有比部件2的其他盘绕的区域小的直径。此较小的直径盘绕的区域使得抗拉伸部件10围绕着部件2缠绕而不向外膨胀超过部件2的其他盘绕的区域的直径。此外,还可将外罩材料5套在较小直径的盘绕的区域之上,而不暴露抗拉伸部件10的环圈。优选地,外罩材料5是激光、焊料、粘合剂或熔化的水凝胶材料。
如最好在图9中所见,载体部件的螺旋状线圈的间隙可沿着植入物11的长度变化。例如,可将线圈定位彼此靠近或在接近近端和远端彼此碰触,而植入物11的中心部分可具有线圈,线圈之间的间距较大。换言之,线圈之间的间隙,沿着植入物11的大部分可以是较大的,而接近植入物11的两端为较小的。
在一个实施方案中,依据以下方法创制该植入物11。依据在本说明书中先前描述的技术,用水凝胶创制可膨胀的元件1。在一个实施方案中,在约0.025”和0.032”ID之间的聚合管中形成可膨胀的元件1。聚合后,将在真空中干燥的聚合管切割成片段。一旦已经去除水凝胶的所有水分,用顶杆(mandrel)将干燥的水凝胶推出聚合管。然后,在水中洗涤水凝胶三次,使水凝胶膨胀并去除氯化钠和未反应的单体。
然后,用微线圈(或类似的细长的工具)将该膨胀的水凝胶沿着其纵轴(即,沿着其长度的轴)串叉(skewered)。此串叉沿着水凝胶细丝的接近中心处创制路径,这样随后可穿线通过抗拉伸部件10。接下来,通过使串叉的水凝胶沉浸于盐酸溶液中对其进行酸处理,使聚合物网络的丙烯酸钠组分的羧酸部分质子化。最后,将串叉的水凝胶在乙醇中洗涤以去除残余的酸并在真空中干燥。
将有间隙的铂线圈用于部件2,其外径范围从约0.012”至约0.018”,细丝范围从约0.0015”至约0.0030”和间隙7范围从约0.0015”至约0.0075”。在另一个实施方案中,间隙7范围从约0.00225”至约0.00750”。在一个实施方案中,该铂线圈的外径为约0.012”,细丝为约0.002”和间隙7为约0.004”。在另一个实施方案中,该铂线圈的外径为约0.0125”,细丝为约0.00225”和间隙7为约0.0045”。在顶杆上面盘绕该有间隙的铂线圈并对其热定形,成为次级螺旋状。切削铂线圈至需要的植入物长度并经由软焊、焊接或粘合剂(如,在图9中的焊接15)结合至连接标记带(marker band)或连接器13。
去除用于串叉水凝胶细丝的线圈,和用于抗拉伸部件10的约.0022”聚烯烃抗拉伸线顺着线圈留下的路径穿过细丝。水凝胶细丝,其现在的外径为约.010”至约.018”之间,被拉伸至外径在约.006”至约.012”之间并插入间隙的铂体线圈中。虽然仍处于拉紧状态,将水凝胶细丝在两端均结合至体线圈。
抗拉伸线在铂线圈的远端打结并且在近端缠绕开口线圈间隙(即结束于连接器13)。用粘合剂 4和5覆盖植入物11的两端以固定抗拉伸部件10和密封(encapsulate)可膨胀的元件1的两端。最后,使用从植入物11的近端突出的抗拉伸部件10将植入物11连接至解脱推动器(detachment
pusher)。
在本实施方案的植入物11的使用过程中,经由解脱推动器20通过微导管(未显示)将植入物11推进。当微导管的远端达到所需的靶区域时,将推动器20推进,因此将植入物11推出微导管。当使用者想要分离植入物11时,激活发热器线圈 22以使抗拉伸部件10破碎。当与血液接触时,pH敏感性可膨胀的元件将膨胀至最终直径在约.020”和.035”之间,让使用者有约5-10分钟的工作时间。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,图9的植入物11包括由聚烯烃组成的抗拉伸部件10并有约.0022”的外径。可膨胀的元件1由约48% PEG 8000双丙烯酰胺和52%丙烯酸钠的水凝胶组成。部件2是间隙的铂线圈,具有在约.012”和.020”之间且更优选约.012”的外径。部件2具有在约.0015”和.005”之间且更优选约.002”的细丝。在部件2的各卷曲之间的间隙优选为约.003”。
图12阐述了植入物11的优选实施方案
,其类似于先前描述的实施方案,其中部件2的各卷曲之间的间隙,优选在约.002”和.020”之间。加之,植入物11含一个或多个外部部件30,其定位于植入物11的近端,植入物的远端,邻近植入物的近端或远端,或定位于这些位置的任何组合。在图12的实例中,将外部部件30安置在植入物11近端和远端。
在一个实施例中,外部部件30优选由具有在约.010”和.120”之间且更优选在约.040”和.080”之间的长度的铂线圈组成。外部部件30的内径优选在约.012”和.017”之间且更优选在约.012”和.0125”之间。外部部件30的线材优选具有在约.0015”和约.003”之间且更优选约.0015”的细丝。
在另一个实施例中,外部部件30由具有长度在约.010”和.120”之间且更优选在约.040”和.080”之间的开槽的管组成。开槽的管的内径优选在约.012”和.017”之间且更优选在约.012”和.0125”之间。开槽的管的厚度优选在约.001”和.003”之间且更优选为约.0015”。
图13阐述了一般类似于先前描述的实施方案的植入物11的另一个优选的实施方案。然而,该植入物11还包含安置在抗拉伸部件10上面的封闭弯曲的铂线圈32。优选地,抗拉伸部件10由聚乙烯组成并具有约.0009”的外径。封闭弯曲的铂线圈
32优选具有约.006”的外径和具有约.0015”的细丝的线材。可膨胀的元件1优选由48% PEG 8000双丙烯酰胺和52%丙烯酸钠组成。部件2是有间隙的铂线圈,具有的外径在约.012”和.020”之间且更优选在约.014”和.015”之间。部件2具有在约.0015”和.005”之间且更优选为约.002”的细丝。部件2的卷材之间的间隙优选在约.002”和.020”之间且更优选为.004”。
优选地,如先前在本说明书中描述的,通过用水凝胶制备可膨胀的元件1创制图13的植入物11。在酸处理之前,用铂线圈 32串叉水合的水凝胶。优选地,在串叉之前对铂线圈 32进行热定形,成为具有限定的螺距(pitch)和直径的预定的螺旋状。将坚硬和优选铂-基顶杆插进铂线圈 32,以在植入物11的进一步的处理和构造过程中提供支持。
在对水凝胶进行酸处理之后,从铂线圈 32内去除顶杆并用抗拉伸部件10
(如,聚烯烃单股细丝)替代。任选地,也可去除顶杆和铂线圈
32两者并用抗拉伸部件10替代。将部件2 (如,间隙的铂线圈)置于生成的组件上并使之有适宜的尺寸使部件2的内径内仅有更少的自由空隙或没有自由空隙。可在置于水凝胶和铂线圈 32上之前,任选弯曲部件2 和对其热定形,成为具有规定的螺距和直径的初步和优选的螺旋状。
一旦已经放置部件2,在近端和远端用粘合剂将其结合至水凝胶(优选 UV-固化的粘合剂)。在这一点上,可任选地将外部部件30定位并在植入物11的一个或多个末端结合。然后,在植入物11的两个末端均固定抗拉伸部件10,并使植入物11连接至如在本说明书的别处所描述的电解脱机械装置。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括具有外表面的可膨胀的聚合物元件、覆盖可膨胀的聚合物元件的外表面的至少一部分的载体部件,且其中无载体安置在可膨胀的元件的外表面之内。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括具有腔管的线圈和具有外表面的水凝胶聚合物,其中的水凝胶聚合物安置在线圈的腔管之内,且其中的水凝胶聚合物不包含在水凝胶聚合物的外表面之内的线圈。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括形成次级构型的载体部件和可膨胀的元件。其中的可膨胀的元件由聚合物制成,配制该聚合物以使其具有足够的柔性,这样可膨胀的元件将基本上采用形成载体部件的次级构型的形状而无需预处理。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括形成次级构型的载体部件和基本上连续长度的水凝胶,其中的装置将基本上采用形成载体部件的次级构型的形状而无需预处理。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括具有内腔(inner lumen)的微线圈和安置在内腔之内的可膨胀的元件。在该实施方案中,可膨胀的元件包括选自丙烯酰胺、聚(乙二醇)、普流罗尼克(Pluronic)和聚(环氧丙烷)的水凝胶。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括线圈和至少部分安置在线圈之内的水凝胶聚合物,其中的水凝胶具有初始长度和其中的水凝胶聚合物被拉伸至比初始长度长的第二个长度。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括可膨胀的元件和限定内腔的载体部件,其中的可膨胀的元件被安置在载体部件的内腔之内,而其中的可膨胀的元件已经被拉伸至足以防止可膨胀的元件的环圈突出穿过载体部件的长度。
在本文公开的本发明也包括制备医疗器械的方法。该方法包括提供具有内腔的载体部件和可膨胀的元件,将可膨胀的元件插入载体部件的内腔并拉伸可膨胀的元件。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括被载体元件封装的可膨胀的元件,其中所述可膨胀的元件由具有可膨胀的性质的、基本上完全地和基本上均一的材料构成。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括载体元件和可膨胀的元件,其中的载体元件具有不同于其初始形状的的次级形状,且其中的可膨胀的元件在正常未经处理的状态下具充分柔韧性以与载体的次级形状相适应。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括载体和可膨胀的元件,其中的可膨胀的元件被以某种方式固定在载体上,以使可膨胀的元件沿着载体处于拉伸状态。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括具有沿着载体的多个间隙的载体和沿着载体的内在封套(inside envelope)安置的可膨胀的元件,且其中控制可膨胀的元件的膨胀,以使可膨胀的元件膨胀进入间隙但不膨胀出载体封套之外。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括载体部件和可膨胀的元件,其中的可膨胀的元件由沿着载体膨胀的多条线构成。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括载体和可膨胀的部件,其中的载体为非-盘绕的圆柱形结构且其中所述可膨胀的部件被安置在所述载体的内部。
在另一个实施方案中,血管阻塞装置包括载体部件和可膨胀的部件和抗拉伸部件;所述可膨胀的部件和所述抗拉伸部件被安置在载体的内部区域,且其中的抗拉伸部件对于所述载体处于紧张状态。
本文公开的本发明也包括治疗体内损害的方法。该方法包括提供包含载体部件和可膨胀的元件的血管阻塞装置,其中使载体部件形成为与损害相同直径近似的次级构型和将血管阻塞装置插入该损害处。
尽管在本说明书和所附的图中已经描述本发明优选的实施方案,应该认识到的是,相关领域技术人员可对其本身提出许多变更和修饰。因而,本发明的范畴不限于本文所描述的具体的实施方案和实施例,但应该被认为包括备选的实施方案和等价物。
除非另有指明,所有表达成分、性质的数量的数字,诸如分子量、反应条件和由此在本说明书和权利要求中的应用,应被理解为在所有情况下被“大约”术语修饰。因此,除非有相反的指出,在本说明书和附属的权利要求书中提出的数字参数为可根据由本发明将要寻求获得的所需性质而变化的近似值。丝毫且不企图限制对权利要求书的范围等价的学说的应用,各数字参数应该至少被按照报告的有效数的数字解释及通过应用常规的舍入技术解释。虽然数字范围和参数提出的本发明的宽范围是近似值,但是在具体的实施例中提出的数值被报告得尽可能地准确。然而,任何数值固然含由其在分别试验检测中发现的标准偏差必要产生的某些误差。
除非本文另有指明或与上下文明显矛盾,用于描述本发明的上下文(特别是下列权利要求书的上下文)中的术语“一”、“一个”、“该”和类似的指示词,将会被解释为覆盖单数和复数两者。本文的值的范围的叙述仅意欲当作个别谈及属于该范围各个单个的值时的速记方法。除非本文另有指明,将各个单个的值并入本说明书中,好像其在本文中被分别提及一样。除非本文另有指明或否则与上下文明显矛盾,可以任何适宜的顺序实施本文描述的所有方法。本文提供的任何和所有的实施例或作为例证的语言(如,“例如”)的应用,仅意欲更好地阐述本发明,而不至于造成对权利要求的本发明范畴的限制。在本说明书中没有语言应该被解释为指示对于实施本发明而言是基本的任何非-权利要求的要素。
多组本文公开的本发明的备选成分或实施方案不被解释为具限制性。各组部件可被分别指明和要求保护,或以与该组的其他部件或本文发现的其他元件进行任何组合。预期基于便利和/或可专利性的理由,可在一个组中纳入或删除一个组的一个或多个部件。当发生任何这样的纳入或删除时,本说明书被认为包含该作为改良的组,因而实现用于附属的权利要求书中所有Markush组合的所写的描述。
本文描述了本发明的某些实施方案,包括对于发明人实施本发明而言已知的最佳模式。当然,这些描述的实施方案的变更在本领域普通技术人员阅读先前的描述后将变得显而易见。发明人期待熟练的技术人员在适当时使用这样的变更,且发明人打算以不同于本文描述的具体方式实施本发明。因此,在适用的法律许可时,本发明包括在此所附的权利要求书中陈述的主题的所有修改和等价物。此外,除非本文另有指明或与上下文明显矛盾,本发明包括上述成分以其所有可能变更的任何组合。
而且,本说明书通篇的专利和印刷出版物已经引用许多参考文献。以上引用的参考文献和印刷出版物的各篇在此通过全文参考结合于本文。
在结束时,应该理解的是,本文公开的本发明实施方案为对本发明的原理的示例性说明。可使用的其他修改纳入本发明范畴之内。因而,通过举例,但不限于,可依据本文的讲授的内容使用本发明的备选构型(alternative configurations)。因此,本发明不限于如准确地显示和描述的那些构型。
Claims (22)
1.一种用于植入动物体内的装置,其包含:
螺旋状载体部件;和
具有可电离的官能团的水凝胶,其中所述水凝胶包含约48重量%聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺的大分子单体和约52重量%丙烯酸钠的pH敏感性组分。
2.依据权利要求1的装置,其中所述大分子单体与至少一个烯属不饱和的化合物交联。
3.依据权利要求1的装置,其中所述大分子单体与N, N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、其衍生物或其组合交联。
4.依据权利要求1的装置,其中所述水凝胶包括由成孔剂造成的孔。
5.依据权利要求4的装置,其中所述成孔剂为约0.4 g/g氯化钠。
6.依据权利要求5的装置,其中所述氯化钠具有的粒径为约10微米。
7.依据权利要求1的装置,其中所述螺旋状载体部件包括范围从0.0015”至0.00750”的间隙。
8.依据权利要求7的装置,其中所述间隙包含0.003”。
9.依据权利要求1的装置,其还包含安置在所述水凝胶之内和覆盖缠绕所述螺旋状载体部件的至少一部分的抗拉伸部件。
10.权利要求1的装置,其中所述螺旋状载体部件包含具有第一直径的盘绕区域和具有第二直径的盘绕区域。
11.权利要求1的装置,其中所述水凝胶从0.006”- 0.007”的直径膨胀至膨胀后的0.02”的直径。
12.一种用于植入动物体内的装置,其包含:
具有范围从 0.0015”至0.00750”的间隙的螺旋状载体部件;和
水凝胶,其中所述水凝胶包含至少一种48重量%聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺的大分子单体和52重量%丙烯酸钠的pH敏感性组分。
13.依据权利要求12的装置,其包含具有可电离的官能团的水凝胶。
14.权利要求12的装置,其中所述水凝胶包括由成孔剂造成的孔。
15.权利要求14的装置,其中所述成孔剂为约0.4 g/g氯化钠。
16.权利要求15的装置,其中所述氯化钠具有的粒径为约10微米。
17.依据权利要求12的装置,其中所述间隙包含0.003”。
18.依据权利要求12的装置,其还包含安置在所述水凝胶之内和覆盖缠绕所述螺旋状载体部件的至少一部分的抗拉伸部件。
19.权利要求12的装置,其中所述螺旋状载体部件包含具有第一直径的盘绕的区域和具有第二直径盘绕的区域。
20.权利要求12的装置,其中所述水凝胶从0.006”- 0.007”的直径膨胀至膨胀后的0.02”的直径。
21.一种植入物装置,其包含:
具有包含0.003”的间隙的螺旋状载体部件;
安置在所述螺旋状载体部件之内的水凝胶部件;和,
安置在所述水凝胶部件之内和覆盖缠绕所述载体部件的至少一部分的抗拉伸部件;
其中所述水凝胶部件包含约48重量%聚(乙二醇)双-丙烯酰胺的大分子单体和约52重量%丙烯酸钠的pH敏感性组分。
22.权利要求21的植入物装置,其中所述水凝胶部件从0.006”-0.007”的直径膨胀至膨胀后的0.02”的直径。
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CA2777171C (en) | 2017-09-19 |
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