Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is doped stannum oxide compound substance that provides a kind of Graphene modification and preparation method thereof, and high by the gas sensitivity of this Composite Preparation, selectivity is good.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The preparation method of the doped stannum oxide compound substance that a kind of Graphene is modified may further comprise the steps:
The graphite oxide that a) will contain hydroxyl, carboxyl or epoxy radicals is dispersed in the water, adds the alcoholic solution of butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin and alloy, adds ammoniacal liquor and reductive agent then, reacts to deposition and separates out;
B) with sedimentation and filtration, drying, calcination obtains the doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified under inert gas shielding.
As preferably, said alloy in a) is antimony chloride, inidum chloride, palladous chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride, iron chloride or zinc sulfate.
As preferably, said a) in the alcoholic solvent of alcoholic solution be in methyl alcohol, ethanol, 1-propyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols or the 2-butanols one or more.
As preferably, said a) in the mass ratio of graphite oxide and butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin be 10: 1~1: 10.
As preferably, said a) in the mass ratio of butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin and alloy be 20: 1~1: 20.
As preferably, said reductive agent in a) is hydrazine hydrate, dimethylhydrazine, sodium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride reduction, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid or ammoniacal liquor.
As preferably, said graphite oxide and the mass ratio of reductive agent in a) is 1: 0.5~1: 20.
As preferably, said temperature of reaction in a) is 25 ℃~100 ℃.
As preferably, said a) in the adding volume of ammoniacal liquor be every gram butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin 10ml~100ml.
As preferably, said b) calcination temperature is 200 ℃~800 ℃ in.
The doped stannum oxide compound substance that a kind of Graphene is modified is prepared from above-described preparation method.
A kind of gas sensor comprises the doped stannum oxide compound substance that above-described Graphene is modified.
A kind of preparation method of gas sensor comprises:
The doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene provided by the invention is modified mixes with cementing agent processes slurry, slurry is coated on the substrate that has conductive electrode and covers on the electrode, and sintering connects and goes between.
As preferably, said cementing agent is aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, sodium silicoaluminate or porcelain earth.
As preferably, said substrate is square or circular microcrystalline glass, potsherd or high resistant silicon chip.
As preferably, the temperature of said sintering is 400 ℃~1000 ℃.
Gas sensor provided by the invention is for the application of ammonia, nitrogen monoxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen.
The present invention quotes Graphene doped stannum oxide is modified, and the specific surface area of the doped stannum oxide compound substance that the Graphene of preparation is modified is big, particle size is evenly and in nanometer range, and the preparation method is simple; Compare with the doped stannum oxide gas sensor, have better gas-sensitive property, be applicable to that atmosphere environment supervision and mine gas reveal monitoring with the gas sensor of Composite Preparation provided by the invention.
Embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, describe just to further specifying feature and advantage of the present invention but should be appreciated that these, rather than to the restriction of claim of the present invention.
For sensitivity and selectivity, the present invention who improves the tin oxide base gas sensor proposes doped stannum oxide compound substance of a kind of Graphene modification and preparation method thereof; Through introducing specific surface area that Graphene can improve tin oxide effectively, reducing particle size; Can improve effectively tin oxide specific surface area, reduce particle size, thereby improve its sensitivity and selectivity to gas response.
The preparation method of the doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene provided by the invention is modified can may further comprise the steps with reference to the preparation process synoptic diagram of figure 1:
The graphite oxide that a) will contain hydroxyl, carboxyl or epoxy radicals is dispersed in the water, preferably adopts ultrasonic dispersion or high speed dispersion; The alcoholic solution that adds butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin and alloy; Alloy is preferably antimony chloride, inidum chloride, palladous chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride, iron chloride or zinc sulfate; The alcoholic solvent of alcoholic solution preferably adopts one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol, 1-propyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols or the 2-butanols; The mass ratio of graphite oxide and butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin can be 10: 1~and 1: 10, the mass ratio of butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin and alloy can be 20: 1~and 1: 20.
Add ammoniacal liquor and reductive agent then; Coprecipitation reaction and reduction reaction take place; The volume that every gram butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin add ammoniacal liquor is 10ml~100ml; Reductive agent is preferably hydrazine hydrate, dimethylhydrazine, sodium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride reduction, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid or ammoniacal liquor, and temperature of reaction is preferably 25 ℃~100 ℃.
B) with the sedimentation and filtration of separating out, drying, calcination obtains the doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified under inert gas shielding, and inert gas can be selected nitrogen or argon gas for use, and calcination temperature is preferably 200 ℃~800 ℃.
Can prepare gas sensor with compound substance provided by the invention, the preparation method is:
The doped stannum oxide compound substance that the Graphene of the present invention preparation is modified mixes with cementing agent processes slurry, slurry is coated on the substrate that has conductive electrode and covers on the electrode, and sintering connects and goes between.
Wherein cementing agent is preferably aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, sodium silicoaluminate or porcelain earth; Substrate can be square or circular microcrystalline glass, potsherd or high resistant silicon chip; Electrode is this area metal electrode or graphite electrode commonly used, and the temperature of sintering is preferably 400 ℃~1000 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the doped stannum oxide that Graphene is modified has that specific surface area is big, particle size is evenly and in nanometer range, has improved its sensitivity and selectivity to the gas response, thereby has made the gas sensor of preparation have excellent gas-sensitive property.The gas sensor of the present invention's preparation all has gas sensing property for ammonia, nitrogen monoxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen, can be applicable to above gas, is applicable to atmosphere environment supervision and mine gas leakage monitoring.
Embodiment 1:
1.0g butter of tin and 0.1g antimony chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 0.1g graphite oxide powder is added in the 100ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and antimony chloride then; Mix the back and add 10ml ammoniacal liquor and 1ml hydrazine hydrate, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 60 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; Oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 400 ℃ of calcination 2h, promptly obtain Graphene and modify the tin-antiomony oxide compound substance.
Tin-antiomony oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified and porcelain earth mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the high resistant silicon chip that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 400 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
The X-ray diffraction curve of the tin-antiomony oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is as shown in Figure 2, and as can be seen from Figure 2, the structure of the tin-antiomony oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is consistent with card (JCPDS 41-1445).As shown in Figure 3, be the high resolution transmission electron microscopy picture of the graphene composite material of present embodiment preparation, as can be seen from Figure 3, the tin-antiomony oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is uniformly distributed on the Graphene surface for the tin-antiomony oxide particle.As shown in Figure 4, the atomic force microscope picture of the tin-antiomony oxide of modifying for the Graphene of present embodiment preparation, as can be seen from Figure 4, the tin-antiomony oxide particle that particle diameter is about 10nm is uniformly distributed on the Graphene surface, the gathering of no bulk lamella, piles up.
Embodiment 2:
0.1g butter of tin and 1.0g inidum chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 0.1g graphite oxide powder is added in the 100ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and inidum chloride then; Mix the back and add 10ml ammoniacal liquor and 1g sodium borohydride, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 35 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; Oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 600 ℃ of calcination 2h, promptly obtain Graphene and modify the tin-antiomony oxide compound substance.
Indium tin oxide composite that Graphene is modified and silicon dioxide mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the potsherd that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 600 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin indium oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
The X-ray diffraction curve of the tin indium oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is as shown in Figure 1, and as can be seen from Figure 2, the structure of the tin indium oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is consistent with the bibliographical information value.
Embodiment 3:
2.0g butter of tin and 0.1g antimony chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 0.5g graphite oxide powder is added in the 500ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and antimony chloride then; Mix the back and add 20ml ammoniacal liquor and 1ml dimethylhydrazine, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 75 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; Oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 800 ℃ of calcination 1h, promptly obtain Graphene and modify the tin-antiomony oxide compound substance.
Tin-antiomony oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified and aluminium oxide mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the high resistant silicon chip that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 800 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
The gas sensitivity curve of the tin-antiomony oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is as shown in Figure 5; As can be seen from Figure 5, the remolding sensitivity tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor of the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor of the Graphene modification of present embodiment preparation is significantly improved.Usually, sensitivity (S) be defined as S=| (R
a-R
g)/R
a| * 100%, R
aBe airborne resistance, R
gBe the resistance in air and specific gas.
Embodiment 4:
1.0g butter of tin and 0.1g zinc chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 1.0g graphite oxide powder is added in the 500ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and zinc chloride then; Mix the back and add 10ml ammoniacal liquor and 2ml hydroiodic acid, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 50 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; The oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 200 ℃ of calcination 2h, promptly obtain Graphene modification zinc oxide tin composite material.
Zinc-tin oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified and aluminium oxide mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the microcrystalline glass that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 1000 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
Embodiment 5:
0.1g butter of tin and 0.5g iron chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 1.0g graphite oxide powder is added in the 500ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and inidum chloride then; Mix the back and add 10ml ammoniacal liquor and 1ml hydrobromic acid, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 80 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; The oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 450 ℃ of calcination 2h, promptly obtain Graphene modified ferric oxide tin composite material.
Iron oxide tin composite material that Graphene is modified and aluminium oxide mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the high resistant silicon chip that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 800 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
Can find out that from the foregoing description the doped stannum oxide compound substance that the Graphene of the present invention's preparation is modified is uniformly distributed on the Graphene surface for the doped tin oxide nano particle, the gas sensor of preparation has good gas sensing property.
More than doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene provided by the present invention is modified and preparation method thereof carried out detailed introduction.Used concrete example among this paper principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.