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CN102778478A - Graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102778478A
CN102778478A CN2012101525084A CN201210152508A CN102778478A CN 102778478 A CN102778478 A CN 102778478A CN 2012101525084 A CN2012101525084 A CN 2012101525084A CN 201210152508 A CN201210152508 A CN 201210152508A CN 102778478 A CN102778478 A CN 102778478A
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graphene
composite material
tin oxide
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doped tin
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CN102778478B (en
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胡源
王鑫
宋磊
邢伟义
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种石墨烯修饰的掺杂氧化锡复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:a)将含有羟基、羧基或环氧基的氧化石墨分散至水中,加入四氯化锡或结晶四氯化锡与掺杂物的醇溶液,然后加入氨水和还原剂,进行反应至沉淀析出;b)将沉淀过滤,干燥,在惰性气体保护下灼烧得到石墨烯修饰的掺杂氧化锡复合材料。还提供由该复合材料制备的气体传感器。本发明引用石墨烯对掺杂氧化锡进行修饰,制备的石墨烯修饰的掺杂氧化锡复合材料的比表面积大、颗粒尺寸均匀且在纳米范围,且制备方法简单易行;与掺杂氧化锡气体传感器相比,用本发明提供的复合材料制备的气体传感器具有更好的气敏特性,适用于大气环境监测以及矿井瓦斯泄露监控。

The invention provides a method for preparing a graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material, comprising the following steps: a) dispersing graphite oxide containing hydroxyl, carboxyl or epoxy groups into water, adding tin tetrachloride or crystal tetrachloride Alcohol solution of tin chloride and dopant, then add ammonia water and reducing agent, react until precipitation; b) filter the precipitate, dry, burn under the protection of inert gas to obtain graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material . A gas sensor made from the composite material is also provided. The present invention cites graphene to modify doped tin oxide, and the prepared graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material has large specific surface area, uniform particle size and nanometer range, and the preparation method is simple and easy; and doped tin oxide Compared with the gas sensor, the gas sensor prepared by the composite material provided by the invention has better gas-sensing characteristics, and is suitable for atmospheric environment monitoring and mine gas leakage monitoring.

Description

Doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the gas sensor field, be specifically related to doped stannum oxide compound substance of Graphene modification and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Nano material has that specific surface area is big, electrical properties is to characteristics such as surface adsorption sensitivities, and nanometer technology is applied to sensory field, is expected to prepare the senser element that response speed is fast, highly sensitive, selectivity is good.Metal oxide semiconductor, especially tin oxide base nano material are paid close attention to owing to its superior optics, electricity and gas sensing characteristics have received widely.Research shows, doping can further improve the tin oxide base nano material the gas sensing performance (Microelectronic Engineering 2010,87,1467-1470).Though the tin oxide base gas sensor has been obtained certain achievement, its sensitivity and selectivity still need further to improve.The size that reduces particle and the specific surface area that increases material are to improve sensitivity and key point (Nanotechnology 2011,22,275506) optionally.
2004, the Geim of Univ Manchester UK and Novosolevo prepared monatomic lamella, (Science 2004,306,666-669) to have the Graphene of cellular crystalline network.Because its typical two-dimensional structure, Graphene has the specific surface area, conductivity of superelevation to advantages such as surface adsorption sensitivities.Recent research finds that Graphene can be applicable to prepare gas sensor and water vapor, carbon monoxide, ammonia and nitrogen dioxide gas are had good response (Nature Materials 2007,6,652-655; Nano Letters 2009,9,1472-1475; Scientific Reports 2011,1,1-5).But the Graphene sensor like methane, is not found report to the detection of certain dangerous property gas so far as yet.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is doped stannum oxide compound substance that provides a kind of Graphene modification and preparation method thereof, and high by the gas sensitivity of this Composite Preparation, selectivity is good.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
The preparation method of the doped stannum oxide compound substance that a kind of Graphene is modified may further comprise the steps:
The graphite oxide that a) will contain hydroxyl, carboxyl or epoxy radicals is dispersed in the water, adds the alcoholic solution of butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin and alloy, adds ammoniacal liquor and reductive agent then, reacts to deposition and separates out;
B) with sedimentation and filtration, drying, calcination obtains the doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified under inert gas shielding.
As preferably, said alloy in a) is antimony chloride, inidum chloride, palladous chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride, iron chloride or zinc sulfate.
As preferably, said a) in the alcoholic solvent of alcoholic solution be in methyl alcohol, ethanol, 1-propyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols or the 2-butanols one or more.
As preferably, said a) in the mass ratio of graphite oxide and butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin be 10: 1~1: 10.
As preferably, said a) in the mass ratio of butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin and alloy be 20: 1~1: 20.
As preferably, said reductive agent in a) is hydrazine hydrate, dimethylhydrazine, sodium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride reduction, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid or ammoniacal liquor.
As preferably, said graphite oxide and the mass ratio of reductive agent in a) is 1: 0.5~1: 20.
As preferably, said temperature of reaction in a) is 25 ℃~100 ℃.
As preferably, said a) in the adding volume of ammoniacal liquor be every gram butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin 10ml~100ml.
As preferably, said b) calcination temperature is 200 ℃~800 ℃ in.
The doped stannum oxide compound substance that a kind of Graphene is modified is prepared from above-described preparation method.
A kind of gas sensor comprises the doped stannum oxide compound substance that above-described Graphene is modified.
A kind of preparation method of gas sensor comprises:
The doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene provided by the invention is modified mixes with cementing agent processes slurry, slurry is coated on the substrate that has conductive electrode and covers on the electrode, and sintering connects and goes between.
As preferably, said cementing agent is aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, sodium silicoaluminate or porcelain earth.
As preferably, said substrate is square or circular microcrystalline glass, potsherd or high resistant silicon chip.
As preferably, the temperature of said sintering is 400 ℃~1000 ℃.
Gas sensor provided by the invention is for the application of ammonia, nitrogen monoxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen.
The present invention quotes Graphene doped stannum oxide is modified, and the specific surface area of the doped stannum oxide compound substance that the Graphene of preparation is modified is big, particle size is evenly and in nanometer range, and the preparation method is simple; Compare with the doped stannum oxide gas sensor, have better gas-sensitive property, be applicable to that atmosphere environment supervision and mine gas reveal monitoring with the gas sensor of Composite Preparation provided by the invention.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the preparation process synoptic diagram of the doped stannum oxide compound substance of Graphene modification provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the invention 1 is modified tin-antiomony oxide with the Graphene of embodiment 2 preparations and Graphene is modified the X-ray diffraction curve of indium tin oxide composite;
Fig. 3 is that the Graphene of the embodiment of the invention 1 preparation is modified tin-antiomony oxide compound substance transmission electron microscope photo;
Fig. 4 is that the Graphene of the embodiment of the invention 1 preparation is modified tin-antiomony oxide compound substance atomic force microscope photo;
Fig. 5 is that the Graphene of the embodiment of the invention 3 preparations is modified the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor in the carbon monoxide of variable concentrations and the sensitivity in the methane.
Embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, describe just to further specifying feature and advantage of the present invention but should be appreciated that these, rather than to the restriction of claim of the present invention.
For sensitivity and selectivity, the present invention who improves the tin oxide base gas sensor proposes doped stannum oxide compound substance of a kind of Graphene modification and preparation method thereof; Through introducing specific surface area that Graphene can improve tin oxide effectively, reducing particle size; Can improve effectively tin oxide specific surface area, reduce particle size, thereby improve its sensitivity and selectivity to gas response.
The preparation method of the doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene provided by the invention is modified can may further comprise the steps with reference to the preparation process synoptic diagram of figure 1:
The graphite oxide that a) will contain hydroxyl, carboxyl or epoxy radicals is dispersed in the water, preferably adopts ultrasonic dispersion or high speed dispersion; The alcoholic solution that adds butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin and alloy; Alloy is preferably antimony chloride, inidum chloride, palladous chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride, iron chloride or zinc sulfate; The alcoholic solvent of alcoholic solution preferably adopts one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol, 1-propyl alcohol, 2-propyl alcohol, 1-butanols or the 2-butanols; The mass ratio of graphite oxide and butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin can be 10: 1~and 1: 10, the mass ratio of butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin and alloy can be 20: 1~and 1: 20.
Add ammoniacal liquor and reductive agent then; Coprecipitation reaction and reduction reaction take place; The volume that every gram butter of tin or crystallization butter of tin add ammoniacal liquor is 10ml~100ml; Reductive agent is preferably hydrazine hydrate, dimethylhydrazine, sodium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride reduction, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid or ammoniacal liquor, and temperature of reaction is preferably 25 ℃~100 ℃.
B) with the sedimentation and filtration of separating out, drying, calcination obtains the doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified under inert gas shielding, and inert gas can be selected nitrogen or argon gas for use, and calcination temperature is preferably 200 ℃~800 ℃.
Can prepare gas sensor with compound substance provided by the invention, the preparation method is:
The doped stannum oxide compound substance that the Graphene of the present invention preparation is modified mixes with cementing agent processes slurry, slurry is coated on the substrate that has conductive electrode and covers on the electrode, and sintering connects and goes between.
Wherein cementing agent is preferably aluminium oxide, silicon dioxide, sodium silicoaluminate or porcelain earth; Substrate can be square or circular microcrystalline glass, potsherd or high resistant silicon chip; Electrode is this area metal electrode or graphite electrode commonly used, and the temperature of sintering is preferably 400 ℃~1000 ℃.
Compared with prior art, the doped stannum oxide that Graphene is modified has that specific surface area is big, particle size is evenly and in nanometer range, has improved its sensitivity and selectivity to the gas response, thereby has made the gas sensor of preparation have excellent gas-sensitive property.The gas sensor of the present invention's preparation all has gas sensing property for ammonia, nitrogen monoxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen, can be applicable to above gas, is applicable to atmosphere environment supervision and mine gas leakage monitoring.
Embodiment 1:
1.0g butter of tin and 0.1g antimony chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 0.1g graphite oxide powder is added in the 100ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and antimony chloride then; Mix the back and add 10ml ammoniacal liquor and 1ml hydrazine hydrate, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 60 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; Oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 400 ℃ of calcination 2h, promptly obtain Graphene and modify the tin-antiomony oxide compound substance.
Tin-antiomony oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified and porcelain earth mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the high resistant silicon chip that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 400 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
The X-ray diffraction curve of the tin-antiomony oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is as shown in Figure 2, and as can be seen from Figure 2, the structure of the tin-antiomony oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is consistent with card (JCPDS 41-1445).As shown in Figure 3, be the high resolution transmission electron microscopy picture of the graphene composite material of present embodiment preparation, as can be seen from Figure 3, the tin-antiomony oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is uniformly distributed on the Graphene surface for the tin-antiomony oxide particle.As shown in Figure 4, the atomic force microscope picture of the tin-antiomony oxide of modifying for the Graphene of present embodiment preparation, as can be seen from Figure 4, the tin-antiomony oxide particle that particle diameter is about 10nm is uniformly distributed on the Graphene surface, the gathering of no bulk lamella, piles up.
Embodiment 2:
0.1g butter of tin and 1.0g inidum chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 0.1g graphite oxide powder is added in the 100ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and inidum chloride then; Mix the back and add 10ml ammoniacal liquor and 1g sodium borohydride, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 35 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; Oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 600 ℃ of calcination 2h, promptly obtain Graphene and modify the tin-antiomony oxide compound substance.
Indium tin oxide composite that Graphene is modified and silicon dioxide mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the potsherd that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 600 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin indium oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
The X-ray diffraction curve of the tin indium oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is as shown in Figure 1, and as can be seen from Figure 2, the structure of the tin indium oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is consistent with the bibliographical information value.
Embodiment 3:
2.0g butter of tin and 0.1g antimony chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 0.5g graphite oxide powder is added in the 500ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and antimony chloride then; Mix the back and add 20ml ammoniacal liquor and 1ml dimethylhydrazine, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 75 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; Oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 800 ℃ of calcination 1h, promptly obtain Graphene and modify the tin-antiomony oxide compound substance.
Tin-antiomony oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified and aluminium oxide mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the high resistant silicon chip that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 800 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
The gas sensitivity curve of the tin-antiomony oxide that the Graphene of present embodiment preparation is modified is as shown in Figure 5; As can be seen from Figure 5, the remolding sensitivity tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor of the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor of the Graphene modification of present embodiment preparation is significantly improved.Usually, sensitivity (S) be defined as S=| (R a-R g)/R a| * 100%, R aBe airborne resistance, R gBe the resistance in air and specific gas.
Embodiment 4:
1.0g butter of tin and 0.1g zinc chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 1.0g graphite oxide powder is added in the 500ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and zinc chloride then; Mix the back and add 10ml ammoniacal liquor and 2ml hydroiodic acid, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 50 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; The oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 200 ℃ of calcination 2h, promptly obtain Graphene modification zinc oxide tin composite material.
Zinc-tin oxide compound substance that Graphene is modified and aluminium oxide mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the microcrystalline glass that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 1000 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
Embodiment 5:
0.1g butter of tin and 0.5g iron chloride are added wiring solution-forming in the 50ml ethanol, 1.0g graphite oxide powder is added in the 500ml deionized water ultrasonic dispersion 1 hour; The ethanolic solution that adds above-mentioned butter of tin and inidum chloride then; Mix the back and add 10ml ammoniacal liquor and 1ml hydrobromic acid, be warming up to 100 ℃ then at 80 ℃ of reaction 2h and continue reaction 4h, cool off the centrifugal sediment that obtains; Wash 3 times with deionized water; The oven dry, in tubular furnace under the nitrogen protection in 450 ℃ of calcination 2h, promptly obtain Graphene modified ferric oxide tin composite material.
Iron oxide tin composite material that Graphene is modified and aluminium oxide mix processes slurry; Be coated on slurry on the high resistant silicon chip that has conductive electrode and cover on the electrode; In 800 ℃ of sintering, connect lead-in wire, obtain the tin-antiomony oxide gas sensor that Graphene is modified.
Can find out that from the foregoing description the doped stannum oxide compound substance that the Graphene of the present invention's preparation is modified is uniformly distributed on the Graphene surface for the doped tin oxide nano particle, the gas sensor of preparation has good gas sensing property.
More than doped stannum oxide compound substance that Graphene provided by the present invention is modified and preparation method thereof carried out detailed introduction.Used concrete example among this paper principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1.一种石墨烯修饰的掺杂氧化锡复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:1. a preparation method of graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: a)将含有羟基、羧基或环氧基的氧化石墨分散至水中,加入四氯化锡或结晶四氯化锡与掺杂物的醇溶液,然后加入氨水和还原剂,进行反应至沉淀析出;a) Disperse graphite oxide containing hydroxyl, carboxyl or epoxy groups into water, add tin tetrachloride or crystalline tin tetrachloride and alcohol solution of dopant, then add ammonia and reducing agent, react until precipitation; b)将沉淀过滤,干燥,在惰性气体保护下灼烧得到石墨烯修饰的掺杂氧化锡复合材料。b) filtering the precipitate, drying it, and burning it under the protection of an inert gas to obtain a graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material. 2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述a)中的掺杂物为氯化锑、氯化铟、氯化亚钯、氯化锰、氯化锌、氯化铁或硫酸锌;所述a)中醇溶液的醇溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、1-丁醇或2-丁醇中的一种或几种;所述a)中氧化石墨与四氯化锡或结晶四氯化锡的质量比为10∶1~1∶10;所述a)中四氯化锡或结晶四氯化锡与掺杂物的质量比为20∶1~1∶20;所述a)中的还原剂为水合肼、二甲基肼、硼氢化钠、氢化铝锂、氢碘酸、氢溴酸或氨水;所述a)中的氧化石墨与还原剂的质量比为1∶0.5~1∶20;所述a)中氨水的加入体积为每克四氯化锡或结晶四氯化锡10ml~100ml;所述b)中灼烧温度为200℃~800℃。2. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the dopant in the described a) is antimony chloride, indium chloride, palladium chloride, manganese chloride, zinc chloride, ferric chloride or zinc sulfate; the alcohol solvent of the alcohol solution in a) is one or more of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol or 2-butanol; the a) The mass ratio of graphite oxide to tin tetrachloride or crystalline tin tetrachloride is 10:1 to 1:10; the mass ratio of tin tetrachloride or crystalline tin tetrachloride to dopant in a) is 20 : 1~1:20; the reducing agent in the a) is hydrazine hydrate, dimethylhydrazine, sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid or ammonia water; the graphite oxide in the a) The mass ratio with reducing agent is 1: 0.5~1: 20; The adding volume of ammoniacal liquor in the described a) is every gram of tin tetrachloride or crystalline tin tetrachloride 10ml~100ml; The burning temperature in the described b) is 200℃~800℃. 3.一种石墨烯修饰的掺杂氧化锡复合材料,其特征在于,由权利要求1或2所述的制备方法制备而成。3. A graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material, characterized in that it is prepared by the preparation method described in claim 1 or 2. 4.一种气体传感器,其特征在于,包括权利要求3所述的石墨烯修饰的掺杂氧化锡复合材料。4. A gas sensor, characterized in that comprising the graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material according to claim 3. 5.一种气体传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:5. A method for preparing a gas sensor, comprising: 将权利要求3所述的石墨烯修饰的掺杂氧化锡复合材料和粘结剂混合均匀制成浆料,将浆料涂覆于带有导电电极的基片上并覆盖在电极上,烧结,连接引线。The graphene-modified doped tin oxide composite material described in claim 3 is mixed uniformly with a binder to make a slurry, the slurry is coated on a substrate with a conductive electrode and covered on the electrode, sintered, and connected lead. 6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘结剂为氧化铝、二氧化硅、硅铝酸钠或高岭土;所述基片为微晶玻璃片、陶瓷片或高阻硅片;所述烧结的温度为400℃~1000℃。6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, the binder is alumina, silicon dioxide, sodium aluminosilicate or kaolin; the substrate is glass-ceramic sheet, ceramic sheet or high Silicon resistance wafer; the sintering temperature is 400°C-1000°C. 7.权利要求4所述的气体传感器对于氨气、一氧化氮、甲烷、二氧化氮、氢气的应用。7. The application of the gas sensor according to claim 4 to ammonia, nitrogen monoxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen.
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